US1886089A - Grinding machine - Google Patents

Description

Nov. l, 1932. J. DRONSFIELD GRINDING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1952 6 Sheets-Sheet l il l HMWLM ...Jllllil Nov. 1, 1932. J. DRONSFIELD 15,886,089

GRINDING MACHINE Filed Jan. 25, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 NOV- l, 1932 J. DRONSFIELD GRINDING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 F o T N E v N NOV- 1, 1932 .1, DRoNsx-IELD GRINDING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 N0V- 1, 1932 J. DRoNsFu-:LD

GRINDING MACHINE Filed Jan. 23, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 S WW o N L @www WY a Pl D s M; /w/

Filed Jan. 23, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 fn u www m MT Myr Q S E M. rw

Patented Nov. 1, 17932 gif-UNITED STATES vlAfins;Nr orifice JAMES nnoNslsIEI-.n or ATLAS woRxs'oLnHAM, l'ENGLAND eniNnING MACHINE Appi'icatidntiea inuafry as, ieee, semi No.

Thesev improvements are concerned with substantially automatic mechanism or appa'- ratus for re-grinding. or re-needle-pointing the dents or teeth of illeting, or wire clothing such as is mounted upon cai-ding engine cylinders, dofiers, or like cylindrical bodies, used in machines employed in the' textile trades, and for eiecting such purpose with the cylinders or doffers in situ in the cards, etc. p v

It is known to employ apparatus to side grinder needle-point the dents or teeth of iilleting or clothing applied to carding engineY cylinders, doi'fers, and such like, and attempts have been made to needle-point the dent's'upon cylinders and doffers following considera-ble use, with the object of rehabilitating the dents or restoring them to a more etlicie'nt condition by a subsequent grinding orneedle-pointing with the clothed cylinder or dotfer in position.

improvements are devoted to providing a mechanism or apparatus whichcan be applied to or mounted upon the frame-'work of a cardin'gjengine andvused' for the purpose of,re-needle-pointing the dents of the lilleting mounted on the main cylinder or` doffer with the'V object of lengthening the 'eective period of life of the wire by re=establishing the` needle-point originallyput-on by the card maker, and of delaying for a considerable'period the necessity for re-clothing the cylinder or dolier with fresh illeting.

' `The mechanism according to the invention comprises a complete attachable and detachable apparatus suitable for dealing with the wire en the main cylinder or doifer and either for right or left hand cards, and said apparatus comprises a travelling grinder consisting of spaced emery discs, and this travelling grinder'i's rotated by a grinder tube at a'considerable speed. It is'also traversed backwards and forwards across the main cylinder etc., at a slow speed. l ,y The grinder Itube or support for the travel- :ling grinder and its traversing mechanism are mounted in bearings or supportson mov- 'able slides or carriages, the same being adaptedfto operate in such afashion as will cause the spacedV discs on the grinder to gradually and very slowly penetrate between the 588,306, and in Great maar october s, 1931.

dents say to a depth of l of an inch from the i setting position and then to be gradually and lvery slowly retracted. As thus, the said spaced discs progressively penetrate between and inwards of the'dents and are thereafter just as slowly retracted, the progressive penetration *and retraction occupying a considerable period of time as it might be two hours by way of example. The advancement and retraction of the spaced discs constituting the grinder, is eifected'by means of slowly moving eccentrics actuated by a speed reducing gear driven from the right and left hand traversing screw which traverses the grinder. There is provided hand-operated setting devices by operation of which the entire mountings for grinder tube, right and left hand traversing screw, etc., can be set upon the supports applied to the cardin engine framework to permit of any requirec initial manual setting of the discs of the grinder parallel with respect to orinto orjbetween the dents on the main cylinder, doifer, etc.

`v`Further, the gear train by which the eccentrics 'are operated from the right and left hand traversing screw to slowly advance and slowly withdraw the group of mechanism including they revolving grinding discs, etc., is such, that provision can be made by combined hand-operated mechanism to quickly operate the gears and set the'eccentrics to place the revolving grinding discs to any setting relatively to the dents being ground which is withinl the range of the mechanism, and there may be arranged an exterior graduated scale which, when a provided manually operated gear is worked, moves with respect to a pointer.

lVe also provide means to drive the shell or tube supporting the revolving grinding discs at a suitable speed from a convenient revolving shaft, and also measn to drive the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft (which traverses the known forks for the revolving grinding discs) backwards and forwards, as

also other driving means necessary and which are auxiliary to an ordinary cardingengine, but which may be requisite for working any mechanism in necessary manner for the object in view.

I shall now describe an approvedV arrangement in accordance with the foregoing, and which is suitable for re-needle pointing the main cylinder of a carding engine, or the doffer of a carding engine, either of right or left hand type.

Only so much of a carding engine structure ifs illustrated as will serve the purpose of ex- `planatiom Throughout the following description it is intended that reference should be made to the or apparatus looking from the left of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the mechanism or apparatus looking from the right of Fig. 6. VFig. 9 shows a section of a speed reducing ear.

Fig. 10 is an end elevation of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 shows the use of a simple setting uge for use when setting the grinder device to the teeth or dents on the wire clothed ,cylinder or the like.

-Figs. 12.and 13 are diagrammatic side elevation' and plan indicating the disposition of the apparatus in connection with a carding engine, the disposition at the right-hand end being that for grinding the main cylinder of the carding engine, and the disposition at the eft-hand end being that for grinding the doiier. i In the mechanism or apparatus illustrated by the drawings, there is provided a builtup rail structure, one on the right-hand and one on the left-hand, and such are suitably s aced and cross-connected, the drawing p owing such structures as being fixed to a stron shaped cross-rail a. This cross-rail la apted to be bolted to the side frames a1 of the carding engine, either to serve for the main cylinder, or the doffer, after temporary .removal of any of the ordinary devices from the carding engine which would obstruct the application of the mechanism or apparatus.

The built-up rail structures, one on the right-hand and one on the left, comprise a 'fixed bed a2 with planed ways, upon each of which is mounted a lower carriage or slide element b with bolted-on upright bracket b', each such lower carriage or slide element b being adjustable by a screw b2 and handwheel b3 permitting manual setting. There is a further upper carriage or slide c upon which I mount bearin s for the socket-like shafts or ends d1, d2 o the sett-ing or slotted tube d, and there are bearings in such socketlike shafts or ends d1, d2 for the axle ends d3, d4 for the well known right and left hand screw-threaded shaft d5 of the traverse motion and for other elements to be later mentioned. The upper carriages or slides c which sustain the bea-rlngs for the socket-like shafts d1, d2 for the setting or slotted tube d, and within which the axle ends of the ri ht-andleft hand screw-threaded shaft d5 or traversing the grinding device rotate, are, however, automatically moved to slowly advance the grinding device e of grouped grinding discs (after the manual setting) deeper between the teeth or dents f, and then to slowly retract the grinding device e. A portion of the teeth or dents in the clothing or support are diagrammatically represented at f in Fig. 6.

The shell e1 for the grinding device e, that is, the tube upon which said revolving grinder device is carried and u on which it moves laterally to right and le t has its axle ends e2, e2, supported in bearings in swivelling brackets e3, e3, mounted on the upper carriages or slide elements c. The carriage or slide elements c, 0, upon which these brackets are mounted are very slowly traversed towards and from the main cylinder or the like of the carding engine, and the said axle e2 can be driven through a grooved pulley e4 and link belt from any suitable part of the carding engine or otherwise, as will be later explained, say at about 800 revolutions per minute.

There are the known forks d or their equivalent for traversing the grinder device ye and the boss of said fork travels upon the setting or slotted tube d, and there is the known guide fork block d with butter-ily d engaging the right and left hand screwthreaded shaft d encased by the setting or slotted tube d. This has already been referred to, and the shaft or axle ends d, d* have been mentioned as held in socket-like shafts d1, d2, which are mounted above the upper carriages orV slide elements c which are very slowly advanced and very slowly retracted to further insert or withdraw the grinder device e between the dents or teeth. There is provided as to socket-like shafts d1, d of the traversing mechanism, sheaths, lthat is, two sheaths s, s, with which eccentrics g, g co-operate, which eccentrics have an eccentricity of say 1/32 of an inch, and which are later dealt with, and these sheaths s, a have at s1, s1, two point anchorage devices a2 attached at sa to the upright brackets b1 fixed to the lower carriages or slide elements b.

The gearing for effecting the slow automatic advancement and slow automatic retraction of the rotating and traversing grinder device e, that is, for driving the eccentrics eccentric g at the other or non-gear end of the mechanism.

A very effective slow motion which I have devised and employ for the purpose, is illustrated in the drawings, and is as follows.

There is a spur wheel ZL fixed on the axle end (Z3 of the right-and-left hand screwthreaded traversing shaft (Z5, and this gears with a spur wheel Zz mounted on a sleeve h2, which sleeve 7a2 has another spur wheel h3 mounted on it, said sleeve being carried on an axle h4 supported in an extension h5 of the main bearing H carried on the upper carriage or slide element c (see Fig. 2 and the left-hand side of Fig. 6). Upon the axle end (Z3 of the right-and-left hand screwthreaded shaft (Z5 is mounted the bored axle ,'(Zl already mentioned, and this has been described and is shown as a long socket, which -is screwed into the setting or slotted tube (Z and the said socket (Z1 serves as a bearing for the actual axle end marked (Z3. About such socket (Zl is a long sleeve i (made in two parts for ease of introduction) with central f iaw andrtooth interconnecting means. This long sleeve z' is like a double gear wheel and comprises a gear wheel l and a gear wheel i2, the gear wheels il, Z2 being cut at the extremities of the compound sleeve z'. The

T spur wheel h3 gears with the spur wheel 'Z1 on the long sleeve z', said long sleeve z' being mounted inside a casing which is really a gear casing (and is well shown in Fig. 2), said gear casing j fitting the main bearing H mounted upon the upper carriage or slide element c. On the socket-like shaft (Z1 is mounted a disc 7c with eccentric boss Zal, the dise having a small spur wheel 702 mounted on a stud 7c3, the stud being applied to the face of the disc 7c. The small spur wheel Z22 gears with an internal ring of teeth 7c4 on the interior of the gear casing j. Upon the eccentric boss 701 of the disc 7c is mounted a double spur wheel m with two rings m1, m2 of external teeth, the larger ring m1 of teeth gearing with an internal ring of teeth m3 on the gear casing y', the smaller ring of teeth m2 gearing with an internal ring of teeth nl on a closing cap or sleeve n which is fixed -on the socket-like shaft (Z1. The socket-like shaft (Z2 at the other end carries .the eccentric g which fits the anchored ,sheatha The eccentrics g, g are keyed or fixed 'upon the socket-like shafts (Z1, (Z2. as will be understood. The whole toothed gear structure above described constitutes an enclosed very slow motion gear.

It will be clearly understood the setting or slotted tube (Z communicates also the slow motion to the simple eccentric group at the gearing end and Lalso to the eccentric g in anchored sheath at the non-gearing end, which is, in effect and as is clear from the drawings, mounted on the counter-part of the upper and lower carriages or slide elements c, b, with axle bearings, etc.

The slow motion gearing is one which provides for a very slow or gradual advance` ment and retraction of the Orinder device c over a lengthened period, as it might be about 2 hours. p

The drive for the axle ((Z3 or (Z4) of the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft- (Z of the traversing device can be effected by a chain wheel (Z9 fixed on the axle end, ,such motion being transmitted through the |described train of gearing back to the socketlike shaft (Z1, the setting or slotted tube (Z and the eccentrics g, g, and the speed of the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft (Z5 can be say 6 revolutions per minute, giving a 9 inch traverse per minute to the grinder device. The number of teeth in the gear wheels and the resulting time of advancement and retraction can be set down as thus.

In the example of epicyclic gear given, the lettered gear wheel ZL has 42 teeth, h1 has 62 teeth, h3 has 84 teeth, l has 7() teeth, 2 42 teeth, 7:2 17 teeth, Zut 76 teeth, m1 73 teeth, m2 57 teeth, m3 76 teeth, nl 60 teeth. The following equation is given as an example in connection with the grinding of a carding engine cylinder', and wherein the shaft (Z3 or (Z4 is driven at 6 revolutions per minute.

indicator 0G. By operating the handle 03 and l worm gear, the gear case and all the gears can be turned to position the eccentrics g, g quickly to set the grinder device into any indicated initial position, whereby the relative starting position is known, or any de- FI.

sired advancement or retraction can be arranged for over a period.

The initial setting of the grinding device e, a slight depth between the teeth or dents of the wire on the cylinder, doffer, or the like, is effected by operating the hand-wheels b', b, which obviously advance the lower carriages or slides b, b.

In operation of the mechanism or apparatus, when applied to the carding engine, the main cylinder or the doff'er (as the case may be) may be driven at a siow speed through any suitable speed reducing gear, or from a counter-shaft, or otherwise. To make this more clear the Figs. 9 and 10 should be examined.

I show by Figs. 9 and 10, and merely by way of example, a simple speed reducing This can, for the time being, replace the ordinary fast and loose pulley on main cylinder shaft t. This gear comprises a bush p applied on the main cylinder shaft t (after removal of the ordinary fast and loose pulleys), the bush p being held fast by adjustable studs p1, p1 in a jaw device p2 embracing the bush p and fitting to a rib p3 of the carding engine frame. n the bush p fits a pulley p with a double gear wheel p5, p", gear wheel p engaging a fixed ring of teeth p7 on the -ush p. A bush p8 is fixed on the main cylinder shaft t, and this has a ring of teeth p with which mesh the teeth of gear wheel p. A loose pulley p10 is retained on the bush pg by the plate p11. When the pulley p* is driven (in the opposite direction to the direction when carding) the main cylinder t1 is driven at a suitable slow speed, say 6 revolutions per minute and in a reverse direction to normal driving. Upon the opposite end of the main cylinder shaft t is applied a removable sleeve q and chain Wheel g1, which, by a chain g2, drives the chain wheel d and so imparts a speed of 6 revolutions per minute to axle d* of the screw-threaded shaft d5. On the driven pulley p* is provided a V roove p12 "which, by a provided link belt t2, drives a grooved pulley e4 fixed on the shaft e2 whereiby the shell e1 of the traversible grinder device e is driven so as to rotate at about 800 revolutions per minute. Thus, as

fully explained, the shell c1 of the grinder device e is driven at 800 revolutions per minute, and the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft d at 6 revolutions per minute to traverse the grinder device and to transmit motion through the described speed reducing gear to the eccentrics g, g, to very slowly advance and retract the revolving and reciprocating grinder device e with respect to the further insertion and withdrawal of the group of emery discs between the dents or teeth in the clothing on the main cylinder, doii'er, or ether revolving toothed body, to re-needle point said dents or teeth.

i The Figs. 12 and 13 show the mechanism or apparatus applied to a carding engine and dis osed for dealing either with the main cylin er or the doffer. In the latter case, a removable chain wheel u on the main cylinder shaft t drives by a chain u1, a removable chain wheel u on the dofl'er shaft ua, on which dofi'er shaft U3 is appiied the removable sleeve gx and chain wheel g which, by a chain ut, drives the chain Wheel d on the axle da of the right and left hand screwthreaded shaft In this case also, a link belt t drives from the grooved pulley p onto the grooved pulley e, as Figs. 12 and 13 show.

The apparatus so constructed as to be easily applicable to either right orleft hand carding engines, and to either end of such carding engines as described and shown, to serve for dealing with either main cylinder or doii'er, and any modifications requisite as to applied mountings or f adjuncts can be provided.

Itis desirable to use a setting gauge for use in initially setting the emery discs of the grinding device e to the dents or teeth on the cylinder or dofi'er, because obviously the eme discs wear down with use, and this may ta 'e the form shown at Fig. 11. The device comprises a saddle r with projecting boss r1 bored at two places, a spring-pressed plunger 7'2 being fitted in one bore of the boss and capable oi being held by a pinching screw 1'. The other bore is shaped to receive a round bar 114 with gauge plate 1' disposed at right-angles, the gauge plate 7'5 being machined out fil@ of an inch at a on the under face at one extremity, the under face of the other extremity Working to therounded end of the spring-pressed plunger r2. In use, the saddle 1" is applied to the shell el which supports the revolving traversing grinder device e, and the gauge plate 15 is pressed to bear on the emery discs by overcoming the action of the spring, whereupon the plunger r2 is pinched by the screw r3, and the gauge plate 1'5 removed, leaving the spring plunger r2 locked. The adjustment of the revolving traversing grinder device e (by hand) is then effected between the dents or teeth until the rounded end of the plunger r2 touches the dents or teeth f1' (and this is done at each end of the tube el) whereupon the emery discs are accuratel set and have penetrated about 116 of an inch etween the dents or teeth, which is a convenient distance to hand-set the grinder device e. The further slow automatic penetration and retraction is automatically effected by the mechanism or apparatus described.

The mechanism or apparatus ensures automatic entrance and withdrawal at a very slow uniform rate, and so the grinding eii'ect is perfect and ensures a good finish without roughness. The movement in and out is perfectly paralleli The eccentrics g, g can be adjusted whilst the mechanism is running, and there is simple independent power of adjustment for hand setting. The gear gives unnoticeable advancement and withdrawal, and being entirely enclosed long wear is assured.

Further, the mechanismvor apparatus is very compact, the vital parts are well enclosed, and with very slight changes in adrv,.juncts, is applicable to diii'erent makes of v cardingV engines, and its use enables eii'ective re-needle pointing in situ of partly worn or inefficient clothing on cylinders, doi'lers, of carding engines, or other wire clothed roll- ,I ers, etc.

I claim:

l.l An apparatus for grinding or re nee`dle pointing in situ the dents or teeth of filleting or clothing on carding engine cylinders, dot- Mfers', and like cylindrical bodies, comprising ja traversible grinder device, axles therefor, means to drive the same, bearing for the axles, movable slides for the bearings, hand adjusted slides and means to set the same,

brackets on the movable slides, and a'right "and left hand screw-threaded shaft having its -axle ends supported in said brackets on the movable slides, sleeve devices in the brackets, eccentrics and sheaths, anchorage `vfor the sheaths, and a toothed gear slow mo- Jtion for actuating said eccentrics to operate the movable slides to very slowly advance and retract the traversible grinder device between the dents or teeth of the iilleting or clothing, and means to rotate the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft and an operative connection between same and the traversible grinder device.

2. An apparatus for grinding or re-needle pointing in situ the dents or teeth of iilleting 'or clothing on carding engine cylinders, doffers, and like cylindrical bodies, having a traversible grinder device, axles therefor, means to drive the same, bearings for said axles, movable slides for the bearings, hand adjusted slides and means to set the same,

cross-supports to carry the apparatus and to fit frame-work on the carding engine, brackets o-n the movable slides, and a right and left -hand screw-threaded shaft with axle ends ysupported in said brackets on the movable `left hand screw-threaded device, and an operative connection between the latter and the traversible grinder device, all Jfor the purposes set forth.

V 3. An apparatus for grinding or re-needle pointing in situ the dents or teeth of filleting or clothing on carding engine cylinders, Idoters, and like cylindrical bodies, having a traversible grinder device, axles therefor, means to drive the same, bearings for said 215 Vaxles, movable slides for the bearings, hand adjusted slides and means to set the same, cross-supports to carry the apparatus and adapted to lit the frame-work of a carding engine, brackets on the movable slides, and a right and left hand screw-threaded shaft with axle ends supported in said brackets on the movable slides, sleeve devices inside the brackets, eccentrics, and sheaths, anchorages `for the sheaths, anda spur gearing slow motion located about one of said brackets and operative to actuate said eccentrics and consequently the movable slides to very slowly advance and retract the traversible grinder device between the dents or teeth ofthe filleting or clothing, said spur gearing slow motion having a gear casing, and a graduated indicator, and hand operated mechanism to turn said gear casing to rotate the gearing, there being also means to drive the right and lett hand screwthreaded shaft and means interconnecting same with the traversible grinder device. I

4. An apparatus for grinding or re-needlepointing in situ the dents or teeth of illeting or clothing on carding engine cylinders, doffers and like cylindrical bodies, comprising traversible grinder device, a driven support therefor. bearings for the support, movable slides for said bearings, brackets upon said movable slides, bearings in the brackets, a right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, and means interconnectingV the traversible grinder device and the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, axle ends combined with the latter, sleeve devices about the axle wo ends, eccentrics about said sleeve devices, sheaths embracing the eccentrics, anchorages for the sheaths, and a toothed wheel speed reducing gear to slowly rotate the eccentrics within the anchored sheaths to operate the movable slides to very slowly advance and retract the traversible grinder device, and operative means to drive the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, and supporting means comprising a cross-support, slides and hand adjusting mechanism for setting the apparatus to the dents or teeth on the cylinder, dotfer or the like.

5. An apparatus for grinding or re-needlepointing in situ the dents or teeth of tilleting or clothing on carding engine cylinders, dotfers and like cylindrical bodies, comprising traversible grinder device, a drivensupport and means to drive the same, bearings for the axles of the driven support, movable slides for said bearings, brackets upon said movable slides, and bearings in said brackets, a right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, means interconnecting the traversible grinder device and the right and left hand screwthreaded shaft, axle ends combined with the latter, sleeve devices about the axle ends, eccentrics about said sleeve devices, sheaths embracing the eccentrics, anchorages for the sheaths, a toothed wheel speed reducing gear mechanism to slowly operate the two eccentricsv within the anchored sheaths to very slowly advance and retract the traversible grinder device and operative means to drive the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, and supporting brackets to which the sheaths areanchored, and lower slides, there being manuall operated adjusting means for the lower slides for setting the apparatus to the dents or teeth on the cylinder, doii'er or the like, and provision for encasing the toothed wheel speed reducing gear, a casing about thegear including means to operate or set the spur .gear by hand, and indicating mechanism to indicate the amount of manipulation of the spur gear.

6. An apparatus for grinding or re-needlepointing in situ the dents or teeth of filletlng or clothing on carding engine cylinders, doil'ers, and like cylindrical bodies, comprising traversible grinder device, a support therefor, means by which same may be driven, axles for the support bearings for said axles, movable slides for said bearings, brackets upon saidmovable slides, bearing provision in the'brackets, a right and left hand screwthreaded shaft, and means interconnecting the traversible grinder device and the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, axle ends combined with the latter, sleeve devices about the axle ends, eccentrics about said sleeve devices, and sheaths, said eccentrics co-operating with said sheaths, anchoring means for the sheaths, lower slides, brackets thereon for the anchoring means, hand operated means to adjust the lower slides, and a lateral support to lit the carding engine frame, and toothed gear mechanism disposed around the axis of one end of the right and left hand screw-threaded device and about one of the brackets and adapted to operate the eccentrics to very slowly advance and retract the traversible grinder device between the dents or teeth of the clothing on the cylinder or the like to be treated, and means to drive the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft.

7. Means for grinding or re-needle-pointing in situ the dents or teeth of illeting or clothing on carding engine cylinders, doiers and like cylindrical bodies, comprising traversible grinder device, a support capable of being driven, axles for the support, bearings for the axles of said support, movable slides for said bearings, brackets upon said movable slides, bearings in said brackets, a right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, means interconnecting the traversible grinder device and the right and left hand screwthreaded shaft, axle ends combined with the latter, sleeve devices about the axle ends, eccentrics about said sleeve devices, sheaths embracing the eccentrics, anchorages for the sheaths, a speed reducing gear located about a bracket on one hand of the apparatus operating to very slowly turn the two eccentrics within the anchored sheaths to very slowly advance and retract the traversible grinder device, and operative means to drive the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, and the' ings for said axles, movable slides for vsaid.

bearings, brackets upon said movable slides, bearings in said brackets, a right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, means interconnecting the traversible grinder device and the right and left hand screw-threaded shaft, axle ends combined with the latter, sleeve devices about the axle ends, eccentrics about said sleeve devices, sheaths embracing the eccentrics, anchorages for theshcaths, a toothed wheel speed reducing gear located about the bracket on one hand of the apparatus and operative to very slowly turn the two eccentrics, a casing about the gear, and a movable graduated scale, and hand-operated mecha-V nism to rotate the casing about the gear, and a pointer, and operative means to drive the rotatable elements from the carding engine.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

JAMES DRONSFIELD.

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