US1883400A - Kiln - Google Patents

Description

KILN

Filed Sept; 22, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet l In/wanton H. M. ROBERTSON Oct. 18, 1932.

KILN

Filed sept. 22. 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 MJ .wm n wn Oct. 18, 1932. H, M. RQBERTSQN 1,883,400

KILN

Filed sept. 22. 1930 6 sheets-sheet 5 E 5 Y n @521` HUM C1 Hornet# Oct. 18, 1932. H. M. ROBERTSON 1,883,400

KILN

Filed Sept. 22, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fia. 4

Oct. 18, 1932. H. M. ROBERTSON KILN Filed Sept. 22. 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Oct. 18, 1932.

H. M. ROBERTSON KILN Filed sept. 22. 1930 e sheets-Sheet e w s: w L' NJ N z IC:

g xx i; "'2 \1 k \\\\\\\\\n\\\\\ 2.

m h f IN w Y u N QW. j LE Y m\ Q &1. f m

V t0. o N O o O u o o d @TTM q Jwfnwmu @By @Amm mung 4ses

Patented ocr. 18, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ,HARRY M. ROBERTSON, F CLEVELAND, yOHIO KILN Application lcd September 22, 1930. Serial No. 483,530.

vide a tunnel kiln having an improved baille which extends throughout the heating zone and which is of such construction that effective circulation of heat or heated air and saving of fuel consumption results.

Another object of the invention is to construct a tunnel kilnhaving at either side of the ware space combustion chambers each of lwhich is provided throughout its length with a baille constructed and arranged to direct the products of combustion below the ware, whereby such products are' circulated through the ware upwardly and then downwardly to simultaneously heat the inner and outer portions of the ware.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improvedtunnel kiln in which the heating medium is supplied to the ware space below the .ware supports as they move through the heating zone of the kiln and the supports are constructed to lpermit cir-l culation of the medium upwardly through the central portions of the ware and downwardly in contact with the outer portions thereof, whereby all portions of the ware are simultaneously and substantially uniformly burned. i V

Another object ofthe invention is to construct a tunnel kiln in which the inner side walls for thecombustion chambers are of an improved construction to effect a circulation of the products upwardly through the central portion of the ware and downwardly in contact with the outer portions thereof to burn the ware in an eilicient manner with- 'minimum expenditure of fuel and minimum Waste of unburnt or overburnt ware. l y Another object of the invention is'to provide for the combustion chamber'of a tunnel kiln an improved wall section or member in which adequate circulation of the products w of combustion takes place, and provlsion is v'cate spaced uprights suitably secured tothe made to withstand relatively high temperatures for a long period of time.

Another object of the invention is' to provide for the combustion chamber of a tunnel kiln a double walled member which adapts itself for use in forming a muille,J

- semi-Inutile or open fire kiln.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention relates from the following de- Y scription taken in connection with lthe accompanying drawings.

Figs. 1 and la together are vertical sections through a kiln embodying my invention.

Figs. 2 and 2a together are horizontal sec- 35 tions through the kiln.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section,A partly on the' line 3-8 and partly on the line 3a-3a of Fig. 2a. i

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4--4 of 7c' 2a.

ig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of 2, showing a loaded carrier in the ware space.

Fig'. 6 is a transverse section, partly on' the line 6-6 vand partly on the line 6a--6a 75 of Fig. 2. Y

Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is a front elevation of one ofthe baffle wall members or sections.

` Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9--9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the member-or section.

Fig. 11` is aside elevation ofa ware carrier.

Fig. 12 is a plan view of a ware carrier.

Inl the drawings, 1 indicates a plurality of transverse steelbeams adapted to be laid on a suitable iooring or foundation. 2, 3, indi# beams v1, the uprights 3 being connected by -horizontal channels 4. The channels 4 and beams 5, which rest on the uprights 2, form a support for elevated beams 6 extending- 'transversely inwardly from the uprights 3.

The beams 6 are of a length to leave a wide space betweenl their inner ends for a purpose which will latexappear.- All of the parts above referred to are rigidly secured together to form a supporting frame work for the kiln walls which rest on the beams extending 6 and against the uprights 3,`the latter being connected at their upper ends by tie rods 7 in a well known manner. 8, 8a, indicate sheet metal plates laid on the beams 6 and against the uprights 3 to form a bottom and outer facing walls for the refractory material, bricks, slabs and blocks used in the construction of the kiln side walls 9, to form a space from end to end of the structure and constituting contiguous heating and cooling sections or zones for the ware to be treated. The lower portions of the side walls 9 are extended inwardly to form at either side of the ware space benches 10. The benches 10 provide between them a relatively narrow passage through which portions of the ware carriers 11 (see Fig. 5) extend. vBy supporting the walls of the kiln on the elevated beams 6, the frames 12 and wheels 13 .therefor of the carriers 11 may be conveniently mounted below the benches 10 exteriorly of the kiln to prevent deterioration and .distortion of these parts due to heat. By

preference, the carrier wheels 13 run on tracks 14 provided on the beams 1.y

The outer portionA 9a of the side walls 9 may be formed of insulating material, such as diatomaceous earth. |The inner portions 96 of the side walls anc` benches 10 are preferably formedof fire brick. On top of the side Walls 9 are refractory members 15 forming abutments for an arch 15', also formed of refractory material, such as lire bricks. That portion of the arch, which is over the heating zone, is preferably of sectional constructionsee Figs. 3, 4 and 5-and may be insulated by' a covering 15a of diatomaceous earth. The portion of the arch, which is over the cooling zone, is constructed to form a muie 15b (see Figs. 1, 6 and 7).

16 indicates the heating or burning zone extending from a point adjacent the inlet end A.of the kiln, indicated at 17, to fire boxes or primary combustion chambers 18 disposed at -either side of the ware space or passage. 19

indicates the cooling zone and 20 indicates an intermediate zone between the heating zone 16 and the cooling zone 19. The cooling zone extends from the zone 20 tothe outlet for the AWare, indicated at 21.

The inlet 17 and outlet 21 may be provided 'with doors (not shown) and tracks and transfer platforms or other means may beprovided for conveying the-carriers 11 from the outlet to the inlet for -re-entry into the kiln after being re-loaded.

Adjacent the inlet end at either side of the ware space, I provide a plurality of spaced pillars 22, which tend to prevent How of cold air into the heating zone.

23 indicates the secondary combustion chambers (constructed as hereinafter set forth), extending along either side of the ware space, preferably throughout the heatmg zone 16, from the walls 20a forming the boxes may be constructed to burn coal or similar fuel material, powdered coal, gas or oil. The construction shown is adaptedfor the combustion of oil or" gas, but the equipment therefor is not shown. In the construction shown, the walls 18a of each box provide sides, a t'op 185, a bottom 180, a front wall 18d and an upwardly inclined rear wall 18e, which directs the products of combustion upwardly into the adiacent combustion chamberl 23. The front wall 18d is provided with an opening 18 into or through which the fuel burner extends.

24 indicates a baile or wall along either side of the heating Zone 16 and extending from the upper surface of the adjacent bench 10 near its free edge to the arch 15 and forming with the adjacent bench, side wall 9 and arch 15 throughout the length of the heating zone,'

one of the secondary combustion chambers 23 already referred to. Each baffle comprises a plurality of sections or members 24a disposed side by side, their lower ends being set or locked between the side walls of a channel 25 formed in and extending longitudinally of the adjacent bench l0 and their upper ends resting against the face of a depending por- -tion 15bof the outer arch section 15x, to which face the baflie member 24a may be sealed in a well known manner. Asl the top surfaces of the benches 10 form the bottoms of the combustion chambers 23, and are subjected to high temperatures, these surfaces are formed of high heat resisting refractory material.

Each baHle member comprises an integral structure formedA of fire clay in any desired manner. Each such member consists of a main wall 26, side walls 27 and intermediate walls 28 spaced from 'each other and the side walls 27, arranged perpendicular to and extending from end to end of said main wall 26 and a supplemental wall 29 of less length than the main wall 26 and connected to the Walls 27, 28, to bridge the channels between them. The upper and lower edges of the wall 29 terminate preferably substantially equal distances from the upper and lower edges of the walls 27 28, and by preference ly in contact with outer portions ofthe ware,-

so that the -inner andeuter portionsof the ware are simultaneously and substantially uniformly subjected to the heating medium. By making the supplemental plate 29 of less length than the plate 26,*the channels between the walls 27, 28, are open at their upper and lower ends to insure free circulation ot the' gases, as indicated by the arrows m', which circulation is enhanced bythe iow of the products through the ports 30. The ports 30 'above referred to serve two purposes, that is, they provide for the flow of the products of ,combustion and gases into theware space as already described and those ports in the walls 26 of the baffle members near the inlet end of the heating Zone provide for the discharge of the chilled gases and products of combustion from the ware `space into the combustion chambers whereby they may be withdrawn from the latter under .the influence of the suction means to be later de.

scribed. 1

The baiiie members are interlocked one with another, by means of tongue and groove elements, one side wall being formed with a longitudinal tongue 27a and the other side wall being formed with a groove 27 b.

Within and at spaced points throughout each combustion chamber 23 I provide transversely arranged checkered walls 23a, which tends to retard the flow of the products of combustion, gases and heat to thereby prevent the formation of a current through the chamber under the iniiuence ofthe suction means (to be later referred to) and permit these mediums to flowinto the heating zone.

bodfykmember 33 on which one/or more refractory`members 34 rest. 35 indicates a plurality oftransver'sely arranged, vertical slabs in spaced relation and supported .on the members 34, and supporting the ware sup; ports 31 in the manner above described: As shown in Fig.`12, 4the ware supports 31 on each carrier comprise two rows ofslabs or plates formed of refractory material resting on the vertical slabs 35 in spaced parallel relation to provide an unobstructed passage 32 for the products of combustion from end to end of the batch or charge of ware onthe vsupports 31.

, The alls 20a at opposite sides of the in- 'haust thereof.

o ructing H the walls 20aas described, thidiie as a sa.

l t t reservoir or storage for heat so t a iware passing from the heating zone 16 to the cobl ing zone 19 is not subjected to a sudden drop,\\

in temperature and they also operate to prevent drift of the products of combustion and ,the gases into the cooling zone 19.

36 indicates a plurality of conduits leading from the outer end portions of the combustion chambers, through the side walls 9, two conduits for each' chamber being shown. The conduits 36 are connected to a discharge main 36a and the latter is connected to the' intake side'of a suction means '37, such for example a power driven fan mounted in a cas ing 38 the function of which is to reduce the atmospheric pressure inthe outer end ortions of the two combustion chambers 23 and the heating zone^to induce'a flow of the products of combustion through both the chambers and the zone and the dischargeor ex:

39 indicates a plurality of nozzles leading into each combustion chamber v23, the purppse thereof being to supply air for coui-v bustion purposes according to the conditions desired in the ware space. The air supply for the nozzles 39 comprise conduits -39a connected to a main 40 which leads from the outlet of a power driven suction means 41 to be later referred to. also connected by conduits 42 with thesoutletforthe casing 38, so'that when desired the products of combustion exhausted from the inlet end of the'chambers 23 may be i'eturned to the Mchamber-23 at a point adjacent the fire boxes 18. Each conduit 36 and 39 is provided with a valve or damper to- The conduits 39a are i control-the 'owtherethrough in relation to each other; the main 40 may be provided with a valve to control the iiow of air to the conduits.39a; the main 42, may have a valve 42a to regulate the iow of the products through it to the nozzles or to discharge them into a'chimney 426. The conduits at opposite sides of the are connected by a pipe 43, 43a, indicate upper and .lower 'conduits extending along either side of the cooling zone 19 above the benches and in opposed relation to the ware as it moves through the zone. Each lower conduit 43a,rests on the adjacent bench 10; each upper conduit 43 rests on a refractory support 44 whichsupported on the adjacent lower conduit 43a.

The portions of the conduits 43, 43a, near the l outlet 21 maybe ormedof metal; the remaining portions comprise sections formed of refractory material, such as fire clay. The outer end of the conduits 43, 43a, are connected to air intake pipes 45; the inner ends of these conduits are connected to air discharge pipes 46. The pipes 46 are connected in a suitable manner to a conduit 47 which in turn is connected to the intake of the suction means 4l comprising a power driven fan. The suction means 4l induces a flow of air into the intakes 45 and through the conduits 43, 43a, this air serving to absorb heat units due to heat radiating from the ware as it moves through the zone 19, whereby the Ware is cooled suilicicntly to be discharged from the kiln; lThe mufile 15b is provided at its inner end With an outlet 48 which is connected tov the conduit 47' so that the heat in the ymuiile may be Withdrawn therefrom.

The arch l5 may be provided with one or more openings 49 or pyrometers and also a Ventilating opening 50 controlled by a damper 5l. The arch l5 for the Ware space betvveen the heating zone 16 and the inlet .17 may be provided with an outlet 52 connected to a suction means (not shown) or one of the suction means already-referred to, so thatA cold air may be exhausted from this space.

Suitable means may be provided for sealing the zones 16, 19, 20, to prevent the escape of heat or intake of excess air into the cooling zones; for example, the vertical sides of the benches 10 throughout the heating zone may be provided with projecting ribs 53 which (zo-operate with the members 34 to prevent flow downwardly of the products of combustion and heat; also the body member 33 is provided on its sides with metal members 54 having depending flanges which run in sand or water held in troughs 56 to effect. sealing of the Ware space.

By regulating the air supplied to the chambers 23 the combustion ofthe fuel therein may be regulated at will, and Where the bafile is constructed to provide open iiring of the ware, as herein shown, the regulation of the air supply will also provide combustion Within the heating zone when desired.

By omitting the ports 30 inthe Walls 26 of the baiile sections, the combustion chambers constitute mufiles for the products of combustion; and where a semi-mulile type of kiln is desired, any desired number of the baiile members 24a may be of the muiiie type (that is the Walls 26 are not formed With ports 30) and any desired number` of the remaining members may be provided with ports 30. By this arrangement, the products of combustion Will not Contact with the Ware while passing through 'a portion of the heating zone.

To those skilled inthe art to which my in- 'vention' relates many changes in construe, tion and widely differing embodiments and applications of the invention will suggest themselves without departing from the spirit -and scope'of the invention. My disclosures and the description herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.

What I claim is:

l. In a tunnel kiln having side walls andj an arch forming contiguous heating and 'cooling zones through which ware moves, carriers for moving the ware through Said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, a sectional baile extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone and forming with said bench, arch and adjacent side wall a combustion chamber, and a fire box incorporated in each side wall and forming a primary combustion chamber communicating with the inner end portion of one of the first mentioned combustion chambers.

2. In a tunnel kiln having side Walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and cooling'zones through which Ware moves, carriers for moving the. ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, and a sectional baille extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone and forming With said bench, arch and adjacent side Wall a combustion chamber, a ire box incorporat-` ed in each side Wall and forming a primary combustion chamber communicating with the inner end portion of one of the first mentioned combustion chambers, and suction .means connected with the outer end portion of eachl combustion chamber. v

3.1In a tunnel kiln having side Walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and cooling zonesthrough which ware moves, carriers for moving the Ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, the upper surface. of each bench being formed along or adjacentits inner side with a longitudinal channel, a sectional'balle having its lower end fitted into said channel and extending from the bench to said arch throughout said heating zone and forming With said bench, arch and the adjacent side Wall a combustion chamber, and primary combustion chambers incorporated in said sidewalls and each com municating with one of the first mentioned combustion chambers. l

4.' In a tunnel kiln having side Walls and an arch forming contiguous heating land cooling zones, carriers for moving ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side l thereof, a baille extending from each bench to vthe arch throughout said heating zone, said baffle comprising a plurality of sections having outer Walls co-operating with the adjacent bench, arch and'side wall to form a coml bustion cha-mbernand each section having side members abutting the side members yof ad.-

joiningl sections and an inner Wall supported on said side members, and primary combustion chambers each communicating with the l inner end portion of one of the first menchamber and each section having side members in interlocking relation with the side members of adjoining sections and an inner wall supported on said side members, and pricooling zones,

mary combustion chambers each communicating with the inner end portion of one of the first mentioned combustion chambers. A

6. In a tunnel kiln having side walls vand an arch forming contiguous heating and cooling zones, carriers through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, a baffle extending from each bench to the archthroughout said heating zone, said baiile comprising a plurality of sections having outer walls co-operatingwiththe adjacent bench, arch and side wall to form a combustion chamber and each section having side members abutting the side members of adj oining sections, intermediate members spaced from each other and said side members and an inner wall supported on said members, and primary combustion chambers each communicating with the inner end of one of the irst mentioned combustionchambers.

7. In a tunnel kiln having side walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and carriers for moving ware benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof a baie extending from each bench to through said zones,

the arch throughout said heating zone, said, baiiie comprising a plurality of sections hav ing'outer walls co-operating with the adjacent bench, arch and side wall to form a combustion chamber and cach section having side members abutting the side members of adjoining sections and an innerwall supported on said side members and terminating at points remote from the upper and lower ends of said side members, and primary combustion chambers each connected to the inner end portion of one of the first mentioned com-I bustion chambers.

8.A In a tunnel kiln-having side walls and an arch forming contiguous heating andA cooling zones, carriers for moving ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating .zone at either side thereof, a baiiie extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone, said baie comprisinga plurality of sections having outer walls co-operating with the adja- :Eor moving ware cent bench, arch and side wallto form a comv .bustion chamber and formed with `openings through which the products of combustion circulate into theheating zone, and each section havin-0` side members abuttingthe side members 0I adjoining sectionsand an inner wall supported on saidside `members and terminating at points remote from the upper and lower ends of said'side members, and primary combustion chambers each communithe first mentioned combustion chambers.

9. In atunnel kiln having side walls and eating with the inner end portion of one of A an arch 4forming contiguous 'heating .and'

cooling 'zones, carriers for moving ware through said' zones,l benches extending throughout said heating zone at' either side thereof, a baiile extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone, said 'baiile comprising a plurality of sections having outer walls co-o'perating with. the adjacent bench, arch and side wall to form ai combustion chamber and formed with ings through which the products of com 'i tioncirculate into the heating'zone, and each section having side members abutting-the v side membersof adjoining sections and an inner wall supported on said side members and terminating at points remote from the upper and lower ends of said` side' members, said `openings being located below the lower edge of said inner member, and primary combustion chambers each communicating with .the inner end portion'of one of the irst mentioned combustion chambers.

' 10. In a tunnel kiln having side walls and an arch forming contiguous heating' and cooling zones, carriers for moving ware through said zones, combustion chambers extending along either side of said -heating zone,

the inner wall of each of said combustion 'j chamber comprising a baile inclined upwardly and outwardly at its upper portion and formed with a plurality of openings in its lower portion, and primary combustion chambers each communicating with the inner end portion of one of the first mentioned combustion chambers. j

11. In a tunnel kiln having side walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and cooling zones, carriers for moving ware through said Zones, benches f extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, a baiile extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone and forming with the adjacent side wall andbench a combustion chamber, each said bale being formed with a plurality of openings in Vits lower portion, and "primary combustion chambers each communicating with the inner end portion .of one of the iirst mentioned combustion chambers.

12. In a tunnel kiln, having side walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and cooling zones through which ware is moved,

benches extending throu hout said heating zone at either side thereo a baiiie extending from each bench to the arch and forming with the bench, Yarch and side Wall a combustion chamber, each said baille being formed in its lower portion'with an opening through `which products of combustion circulate to said heating zone, and carriers having spaced vertical members and a Ware support thereon above said opening in said baliie. 13. In a tunnel kiln, having side Walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and eool- -ing zones through which Ware is moved,

benches extending throughoutJ said heating an arch forming contiguous heating, cooling and m-termedlate zones through which ware moves, carriers for moving the ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, a bale extending from each bench to said arch throughout said heating zone and forming with said bench, arch and adjacent side Wall a combustion chamber, the Walls of said intermediate zone forming a heat reservoir, and means for supplying heat to' thel limer -ends of said combustion chambers.

v 15. In a tunnel kiln having side walls andan arch'forming contiguous heating and coolmg zones through which Ware moves, carriers for moving the Ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either side thereof, a bathe extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone and forming with said bench, arch g and adjacent side wall a combustion chamber, means for supplying heat to the innel; end portion of each said combustion chamber, and suction means connected with the outer end portion of each combustion chamber and having its discharge or outlet` connected to the inner end portion of each said chamber.

16. -In a tunnel kiln having side wallsand an arch forming contiguous heating and cooling zones, carriers for moving Ware through said zones, benches extending throughout said heating zone at either sidev thereof, a bale extending from each bench to the arch throughout said heating zone and cooperat ing-with the adjacent bench, arch and side wall to form a combustion chamber, said baies being formed with openings ,through which the products of combustion circulate into the heating zone and permit the discharge thereof from the outer end of said zone, means communicating with the inner end portion of each combustion chamber to supply heat thereto, and suction means connected to the outer end of each'chamber, the outletfrom said means being connected to the inner ends of said chambers.

17. In a tunnel kiln having side walls and an arch forming contiguous heating and cool- HARRY M. ROBERTSON.

Images