US1882412A - Apparatus for transfusion of blood - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 11, 1932. E. DRUMMOND APPARATUS FOR TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD Filed April 9. 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 11, 1932. E. DRUMMOND 1,332,412

APPARATUS FOR TRANSFUSIQN OF BLOOD Filed April 9, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Z and: E flrammana Arra/Pwe' Patented Oct. 11, 1932 UNITEDIV'STATFEIS LoUIsn. nnummonn, or UPPER DARBY, PENNSYLVANIA APPARATUS non rnAnsrusroN- or moon 7 i Application filed April 9, 1931. Serial. No. 528,785.

Objects of the present'invention are to facilitate and improve the transfusion of blood from the donor to the patient, to preclude all possibility ofa reversal of flow from in the direction of from, the donor to the patient, to accurately and automatically measure and record thequantity of blood transfused, to guard against accidental interruptionof' the flow, andto provide for convenience in cleaning'the apparatus em ployed. p

Generally stated, the invention consists of a pump having detent or locking and unlocking devices which compel its hand operated piston to be normally operated throughfull length strokes and then only when the pump valve is put by thepiston in proper position for intake from the donor and for outlet to the patientand which permit the piston to be operated for intermediate and full length strokes, on occasion, for theintake and expulsion of cleaning'fiuid, only when the pump valve isputby the piston in proper position to cut out both the donor and patient and connect the fluid, the pump also having an integrating indicator responsive to full piston strokes delivering blood to the patient, and the apparatus as a whole being capable of ready disassembly for cleaning and assembly for use. 7

The invention also comprisesthe improvements to be presently described and finally claimed. 7

In the following description reference will be made to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof and in which s Figure 1 is a top or plan View with parts broken away.

Fig. 2 is a side view; V

Figs. 3, 4L and 5 are transverse sectional views taken respectively on the lines 3.3, 1 4, and 55 of Fig. 2. a Fig. 6is a view similar to Fig. 4 showmg the parts in another position.

Fig. 7 is a view partlyin elevation and partly in section and referred to in connection with the following description of the disassembly of the parts. V

Inthe drawings 1 is a fixed frame and it may well be provided with a clamp 2 for cletachably securing it to an: appropriate sup port; Thereis a three way'valve plug?) operatively immovable-on the fixed frame. As

shownit projects from a standard 4 forming part of the fixed frame. There is a cylinder 5 operativelyfixed on the frame 1 andit may well be made of glass and marked with a;scale indicating its position in respect to the piston and in that way the contents of the cylinder. The cylinder-Eris shown as carried by a stand ard or support 6 attached to the framev 1. There is a port 7 from the cylinder to the plug 3 of the valve. 8 generally indicates aframe mounted for limitedoscillation on the fixed frame. As shown it is pivoted on the supports 4 and 6, and its 'osoillatingmoves ment is limited by contact'with stop 9.provided on the support 6. Thereis athree-Way valvecasing lO forming part of the oscillating frame, audit is providedwith three openings for cooperation respectively with: three openings the plug valve 3. There is a third frame, generally indicated at 11 and it has a handle 12. This thirdflframeis reciprocatably mounted on the second frame and is providedwith a plunger13forithe cylinder 5.

There is'mechanism interposedbetween the I fixedframe 1 and the other two frames 8 and 11, and it is adapted to permit endwise motion in two directions of thethirdframe 11 in middle position'thereofshown in Fig. 4, and to afford endwise motionthereof only in one direction in each of'th'e two limiting positions thereof of which one is indicated in Fig. 6. This mechanism comprisesa toothed rack l lon the framel, and a yoke 15 on the recip-f rocating frame. This yoke is provided at its intermediate portion with a'notch 16 throughwhich the rack limay freely pass. a The yoke 15: is also provided with two other notches 17 and 18. At the notch .18-i s arranged a pawl 19. Upon inward motion of the handle 12 the rack .14 passes 'freely through the notch 18, andthe' detent19 prevents any possibility of movement ofthehandle 12 outward. The notch 17 is fitted with a detent 20 and upon completion of the in,- ward stroke of the handle "and not before, the frame 11 can be turned to align the notch 17 with the rack and then the handle can be moved freely outward but only for a full stroke. It will be understood that the frame 11 can be turned only when the yoke is clear of the ends of therack. In this way since the piston makes full strokes only, the quantity of blood transfused ateach stroke is the same and is known.

There 1s an integratmg mechanism interposed between the fixed frame land the third frame 11, and it is actuated by the movements of the third frame 11 in inward direction only, which is-the direction of transmitting blood to the patient, previously taken from the donor. As shown this mechanism comprises a rotating graduated and numbered disk 21 provided with ratchet teeth 22, and these teeth are engaged bya pawl 23 actuated through a post 24 by av cam 25 on the sliding frame 11 when the latter is moved inwards.

The mode of operation may be described as follows: j v

The nozzle 26 is connected by proper means with the patient. The nozzle 27 is likewise connected with thedonor, and the nozzle 28 is connected with a supply of cleaning fluid. With the parts in the positions shown, the oscillating frameS is turned in the position opposite to that. shown in Fig. 6. This connects the bore 7, Fig.7, through the openings 29 and 30, Fig. 5, with the nozzle 26. The handle 12 is pulled out carrying with it the plunger 13 and drawing a cylinder full or measured quantity of blood from the donor. TheoutWardstrOke must be completed in order to getthe yoke 15 clear of the rack so that the frame 8 can be turned, and the detent 20 prevents all retrograde movement of the handle. Upon completion of the out stroke, the frame 8 is turned into the position shown in Fig. 6. This disconnects the donor and connects the patient by way of the port7 and the passages 30 and 1 31, Fig. 5. I The handle 12 is then pushed in and the instroke is .a full stroke by reason of the action of the detent 19. Thus the cylinderfull of blood is injected into the patient. On the instroke the cam 25, operating on the post 24, actuates the disk 21 and indicates that one cylinder full of blood has been transfused. By repetition and observation the requiredrquantity of blood can be transferred. By turning the frame 8 into middle position, at the end of a stroke in either direction, both the patient and donor are cut out and the passage '7, Fig. 7, is connected by passages and 35, Fig. 5, with thenozzle 28, and in that position the piston can be worked freely in either direction because the notch 16 is not provided with a detent. In this way coagul'ated, blood, if any, can beiwashed from the 7 cylinder and then the transfusion operation can be renewed or, continued.

The provisions for cleaning all parts of the apparatus which are exposed to blood will now be described.

The valve casing 10 is turnab-ly mounted on the plug 3 and is pressed by a spring 39, mounted on an extension 40 of the plug. 42 and 43 are collars at the ends of the spring, and'44- is a turnable catch which permits of the removal of the spring and valve casing 10. The valve casing is connected with the turn able frame 8 by the nozzles 27 and 26 which take into forks 45 on the'frame, so thatthe valve casing can be removed, and when returned to place is properly positioned.

The plug 3 is secured to the support 4 by a thumb nut46 engaging a threaded stem 47 on the plug 3 and also the face of the support '4.

After the spring 39 and valve casing 10 have been removed by releasing the latch 44, the valve casing and nozzles can be washed. The yoke at 11 is pivoted on the sleeve 45 of the sliding frame and has a notch which engages the sleeve 46 and may be clamped and released by means of the set screw 47. The sleeves 45 and 46'" slide on rods 48 and 49 on the oscillating frame 8. The: yoke at 11 is provided with a claw 50 pivoted at 51 and provided with a-set screw '52. The claw 50 detachably engages a button 53 on the piston be withdrawn toward tne right in *ig. 2.

Its extension passes through a hole in the support 4. Thus the plug' can be cleaned. The pin 55 on the :plug, Fig. 7, entersa hole in thesupport 4, Fig. 3, and serves to posi tion the plug. The parts are assembled by a reversal of the described operations.

It will be obvious to those skilled'in the art to which the invention relates that modi- I fications may be made in details of construction and arrangement and matters of mere form without departing. fromthe spirit of the invention which is not limited to such matters or otherwisethan the prior art" and the appended claims may require.

Iclaim: I 7

1. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, a pump having a single cylinder and having a piston andpiston supply of cleaning fluid locking and unlocking devices which compel the piston to be operated through full length strokes when the pump valve is in proper position for intake from the donor and for outlet to the patient and which permit the piston to be operated for strokes of any length when the valve is in position to cut out both donor and patient and to connect a supply of cleaning fluid, and an integrating mechanism responsive to full piston delivery strokes to the patient.

2. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a three way valve plug and acylinder having tommunication with the plug and both mounted on the fixed frame, an oscillating frame mounted for limited oscillation on the fixed frame and having avalve casing provided with three outlets, a reciprocatory framereciprocatingly mounted on the second frame and having a handle and a plunger for said cylinder, locking and unlocking detent mechanism interposed between the fixed frame and the other two frames and adapted to permit free reciprocation of the reciprocatory frame in middle position of the oscillating frame and to afford full stroke reciprocation thereof in one direction only in each of the limiting positions of the oscillating frame.

3. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a three way valve plug and a cylinder having communication with the plug and both mounted on the fixed frame, an oscillating frame mounted for limited oscillation on the fixed frame and having a valve casing provided with three outlets, a reciprocatory frame reciprocatingly mounted on the second frame and having a handle and a plunger for said cylinder, locking and unlocking detent mechanism interposed between the fixed frame and the other two frames and adapted topermit free reciprocation of the reciprocatory frame in middle position of the oscillating frame and to afford full stroke reciprocation thereof in one direction only in each of the limiting positions of the oscillating frame, and integrating mechanism between the fixed frame and the reciprocating frame and adapted for actuation by movement of the reciprocating frame in one direction only.

4. Apparatus for transfusion of blood comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a three way valve plug and a cylinder having communication with the plug and both mounted on the fixed frame, an oscillating frame mounted for limited oscillation on the fixed frame and having a .valvecasing provided with three outlets,a reciprocatory frame reciprocatingly mounted on the second frame and having a handle and a plunger for said cylinder, a rack on the fixed frame, a yoke carried on the reciprocatory frame and for the free passage of the rack, and detents on the yoke cooperating with the rack to insure full strokes of the oscillating frame;

5. In apparatus for the transfusion of blood a fixed frame having two standards each provided with an opening, a reciprocating frame,

a plunger and a cylinder-both removable.

llfo adapted to clear the rack at each end of the stroke thereof to permit turning of the oscillating frame, said yoke provided with notches

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