US1820487A - Washing machine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 25, 1931. E. J. PERRY.

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' WASHING MACHINE Q Filed Aug. 13, 1925 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 [ma/ale! (I ally E. J. PERRY WASHING MACHINE Aug. 25, 1931.

Filed Aug. 13, 1925 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 III" gwuzntw manaeltlferly wad attozwuf E J. PERRY WASHING MACHINE 8 Sheets-Sheet Filed Aug, 13 3 grave/n c attozmvb Patented Aug. 25,

UNITED si TEs' PATENT OFFICE EMANUEL .1. new, on NEW ransom), mAssAcnUsE'rTs, ASSIGNOB, BY IE8!!! Asslemn'rs, 'ro' THE AmEnIoAn LAUNDRY MACHINERY conrm, or NORWOOD,

-to washing machines 0 QHIO, CORPORATION OF OHIO WASHING MACHINE Application flled'August 1a, 1925. Serial No. 50,075.

The invention relates to improvements in washing machines adapted for use in laundries and the like.

The invention more s )ecitically appertains i the unloading type such as broadly described in my Patent, No.

1,400,977. The apparatus can be also used as a dyeing machine.

It is an object of the present invention to -provide improved mechanism for rotating the washing cylinder of a Washing machine and for elevating or moving said cylinder to a position to one sideof the casing thereof to permit the discharge of garments from the cylinder and to return the cylinder to the easing after such operation.

The invention further comprises improved means for controlling the rotation of the cylinder at the time it leaves the casing so that said cylinder can'be stopped and will remain in a stationary position at a point where the garments can be most conveniently discharged therefrom.

The invention further comprises improved controlling means for driving pulleys for rotating the cylinder and for the pulleys for raising and lowering casing.

'In the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the washing machine with the casing in its closed or washing position.

' Fig. 2 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, with the casing in its open position and the washing cylinder partially swung therefrom.

Fig. 3 is a view of the opposite end of the device with the parts inthe same position as in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view showing the manner of driving or rotating the washing cylinder. 4

Fig. {i is an end view, similar to Fig. 3, with the casing in its open position and the washing cylinder swung to its unloading position.

Fig. 6 is with the parts in the position shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the device.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional wise provided the cylinder from the a front elevation oft-he deviceview illustrating the mechanism for rotating and swinging the washing cylinder.

Fig. 9 is a top plan view of what is shown in Fig. 8. i

Fig. 10 is a sectional view on-the line 10-.1O of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a similar view on the line 11,11 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 12 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of the brake mechanism of the washing cylinder, and i I Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line 13-13 of- Fig. 12.

Referring now more s eeificall wherein like re erence c aracters indicate corresponding parts, the numeral 1 designates the casing of the washing'machine which may be constructed of any approved material.

This casing is "provided with supporting a rest therefor and is likewith a water supply ipe 3 and a drain pipe 4 as disclosed in Fig. 1. The casing is constructed of imperforate material so as'to prevent the discharge of water therefrom and has or door 5 at its front portion provided with an opening-handle 6, the door or closure being permanently connected with side wall portions 5 of the container so that when 1t is open the inner rotating cylinder to be hereinafter described'can be moved from the casing. The swinging door or closure 5 is pivotally attached along its rear side 51; to the casing so .that when this door is swung open it moves the segmental side portions 5 thereof along with it, which segmental portions carry ortions fitting into recesses in the bearin ousing for the rotating cylinder as Will%e more fully hereinafterdescribed. It will be apparent, by inspecting Fig. 5, that the sections 5' of the casing 1 mate with the stationary portions of the end walls of the casing to form circular ends. These sections 5 are joined at their peripheries by the cover 5 which is formed with guides 5d to receive thesliding cover section 50. When the cover 5, with its end walls 5', is elevated to. permit the cylinder 9 to be moved outwardl of the casing, the cover section will sli e'autoto the a swinging closure Ina - then shifted to the position shown in "the casing 1 so as to freel Tt will be understood that the invention aspertains to a washmg machine of the unloa ing type. That is to say, the machine is pro-- vide with a washing cy nder 9 journalled in rotate therein. This cylinder has perforate walls to permit water to pass therethrou 'h and is movable to a position as shown in Fig. 5, that is, be-

ond one side of the casing. The wash mg cylinder 9 carries at each side a spider 10 bolted to the end walls of the cylinder and receiving or rovided with bearing trunnions 11 on whic the cylinder turns. The spiders 10 furthermore carry peripheral ars 12 which are adapted to mesh with riving Fears to be hereinafter described by means 0 which the cylinder is rotated. The c linder furthermore is provided with slidaiile doors 13 which are capable of being manually opened or closed for the purpose of insertin or removing garments to or from the cylin er. It willbe appreciated that this washing c linder normally rotates in the eas- 1. T e movement impartedto this cyler is first a rotary movement in one direction and then a rotary movement in the opposite direction, the present invention comprehending im roved means for alternatin the direction of rotation of the cylinder. uch

' rotation causes a thorough cleansing or washing of the garments in the cylinder. When said garments are so washed the cylinlder is 4 ig. 5 or moved out of the casing 1'. When in such a position it is obvious that a mere opening of the doors 13 of the cylinder causes the contents thereof to drop by gravity from the cylinder. The improved mechanism for rotating the cylinder will now be described.

Rotating mohanism for washing cylinder ateach side thereof carried by the spiders 10.

Secured to the end walls of the washing cylinder, see Fig. 5, are brackets or supports 14 receiving a rotating shaft 15. This shaft is journalled in suitable bearin s formed in these brackets. Mounted on t e shaft near one end thereof are the pulleys 16, 17, and 18, the pulleys 16 and 17 being idler pulleys, while the relatively narrow pulley 18 constitutes a drivin pulley keyed to the shaft 15. A pair of riving belts 19 and 20 are employed for rotating the fixed ulley 18. The belt 20 is a crossed belt while "t e belt 19 is not crossed, it being apparent that the said belts will serve to rotate the fixed pulley 18 in opposite directions when placed thereon. It is, of course, manifest that when either belt is on the fixed pulley 18 rotation is imparted amass to the shaft 15. When, however, the belts are on the pulleys 16 and 17 this shaft will not be rotated. The end of the shaft 15 carries a sprocket 21 around which a. driving chain 22 passes, the said chain traveling.

around a sprocket 23 mounted on a transverse shaft 24 in the rear of the machine, which shaft is journalled in suitable bearings 25 and extends entirely across the machine. The shaft 25 has keyed thereto, the gears 26 which enter'the casing 1 of the machine, and

are so positioned as to mesh with the peripheral ars 12 on the s iders of the washmg c lin or when said cylinder is in the casing 1.

he rotation of this shaft will therefore cause the c linder to be rotated in the casing.

In washmg machines of this type it is de- 'sirable to alternate the direction of rotation of the washing cylinder. It is for this purpose that the two belts 19 and 20 are employed. It is also desirable that this alternatmgrotation be accomplished automaticall and this invention embodies improved mec anism for controlling the direction of rotation of the cylinder when the device is in operation. Assumin therefo' that the cylinder is in the casing 1 and t e belts 19 and 20 are on the idler ulleys 16 and 17 if it is desired-that the cylinder be then rotated the hand lever 26 is engaged, which lever is shown at one side of the machine, and moved forwardly over the ratchet 27. Its end is ball shaped as indicated by the character 28, and at its lower end en ages or seats in a yoke 29 on a lever 30 w on the cylinder is owered. The lever is connected by a link 31 with a bell crank arm 32 which is in turn connected by a link 33 connected to a controlling cam 34 dis osed above the machine and ad acent the driving and reversing mechanism. The reversin mechanism embodies a housing 35 mounteg on a suitable support extending from the casing and having a vertical an a horizontal'portion. This support is provided with separated bearings 36 slidably receivinga shifter rod 37 carryingnear one and suitable belt shifters 38 and 39 through which the drivin belts 19 and 20 pass. These shifters are xed'ly attached to the shifter rod 37 so that a movement of said rod will impart a corresponding movement to the belt shifters. The rod has mounted thereon and ke ed thereto ,a wei hted cam 4.0 disposed wit in a housing 41 w ich limits the extent of movement of the cam endwise ineither direction. This weighted cam has a tongue portion 42' which is formed with a slot 43 to couple the reversing mechanism which will be hereinafter described. n In reverting now to the operation of the controllin cam 34, it will he found that the'shifter roci 87 at its outer end is provided with a pin 44 and the weight of the cam 40 normally serves tothrow this pin' downwardly. By

moving the lever 26' to the right in' Fig. 1

' ranged that even cam 34 is shifted so that it is moved away from contact with the pin 44. The weight of the cam on the shifter rod 37 therefore causes this c am to drop and rotate with it the loosely mounted rod 37. When this cam drops it becomes engaged with the automatic shifting mechanism to be now described, causing the rotation of the container in alternate directions.

Mounted upon the shaft 15, adjacent the loose pulley 16, there is a worm ar which worm is loose on this shaft. T e worm carries interlocking lugs 46 engageable with corresponding lugs on the hub of. the loose pulley 16. The driving belt 20 is substantially wider than the belt 19 and is so arif this belt is thrown on 18, it slightly extends bethe controlling the driving pulley v yond this pulley and onto the adjacent pulley so that this pulley is always rotating irrespective of which belt is engaged with the fast pulley 18. This rotation therefore rotates the worm 45. This worm meshes with a circular gear 46 journalled in suitable bearings and disposed above the shaft 15.-

Pivotally mounted on a bracket 47 is a revers ing arm 48, the said arm having an'open interior 49, the inner surface of which interior coacts with a shifting pin eccentrically mounted'on the gear 46'. The connection is such that as the gear 46' rotates it will rock the arm 48 back and forth, and movement that is imparted to the shifter rod 37 for the purpose of alternately throwing the straight and crossed belts in driving relation with the fixed pulley'18.

' It will be recalled that the weighted cam 40 at its lower end is provided with a slot 43. The shifter arm 48 is, at its upper end,

formed with .an offset pin 51 which enters into the said slot 43 when the. controlling cam 34 has been shifted so as to become disengaged from the finger or pin 44 in allowing the weighted cam 40 to drop. The moment the cam which is fixed to the shifter rod 37 so drops, it operatively associates itself with the shifter arm 48 and moves with this arm. Assuming that the arm is moved to the left when this engagement takes place, the continued movement thereof will cause a movement of the shifter rod 37 to the left so that the belt shifter 38 for the belt 19 will move this'belt over onto the fixed pulley 18. Ro-

'tation will then be imparted to the shaft 24.

Through the chain 22 and gear .23. The driving gears 26 coacting with the peripheral gears 12 on the spiders of the cylinder will rotate this cylinder in one direction As soon as the pin 50 on the gear 46' has reached the limit of its outward movement, which pin, as will be noted, is eccentric, it, of course,

then moves inwardly and engages'a'nopposite surface 49 of the interior opening found n the shifter arm 48 and therefore soonmoves .it is this stopped,

direction, so this rod to the right. After a predetermined movement, the belt shifter 38 moves its belt. 19 from the fixed pulley 18 onto the idler pulley 17. Immediately after this moveshifter rod 48 and the walls 49 of this open ing are so curved as to permit a substantial rotation of the washing cylinder in one direction before reversing its direction of rotation. This automatic operation continues until the clothes have been washed. When this has occurred, and it is desirable to stop the rotation of the cylinder, the lever 26' is again grasped and moved toward the operator which, from the levers 30 and 32 and links 31 and 33, rotates the controlling cam 34 on its pivot until said cam engages the pin or finger 44 and serves to rotate the shifter rod 37 because of the fact that this pin is keyed to said rod. When the rod is so rotated, the cam 40 thereon is also lifted and this cam is raised until it is lifted from-engagement with the pin 51 on the shifter arm'48. The cam 34 is so formed that as it is moved it shifts the rod 37 to a neutral position, at which time the belts 19 and 20 are on the idler pulleys 16.and '17, and as before stated, it also lifts the cam 40 from the pin 51 so that the shifter rod is uncoupled is opened and the cylinder is to be then moved from the machine. Just before the rotation of the washing cylinder 9 ceases, it is desirlock the cylinder so. thatable to brake or when the-cylinder is removed from the casing it will occupy a position as shown in Fig. 5 in which position the garments may readih fall therefrom. Oneof the bearing of rotation of the rides under and v the movable door 5 for the casing 1 trunnions 11 of the cylinder is therefore provided with a braking drum 52. This drum is housed within a casing 53. Disposed around the drum is a brake band 54 of the type now commonly employed in motor vehicles being pivotally supported at the point 55 while the opposite end of the band has an open connector 56.receiving a shiftable.

cam 57. I When this cam 57'is operated, naturally the'brake is drawn around the drum 52 and stops the rotation of the shaft 11 which in turncontrols the rotation of the washingcylinder. There is also mounted on the trunnion 11 a member 58 having a pcripheral surface over whicha crank arm for. actuating the brake ope-rating cam 57 rides.

There is an elongated slot "58a in the member58, so that same can be adjusted in either I that the positioning of. thec-ylinder can be regulated. It will be understood 3 19 housing that this brake operating cam 57 is mounted on a supporting shaft 59 disposed within the housing 53, one end of this shaft being connected with the lever, 26, which has heretofore been described. The posite end of the shaft 59, at a point near t e cam 57, car ries a locking dog 60 which is keyed to the said arm-or shaft 59. A shiftable manually operated lever 61 extends through the 53 adjacent this cam 60, and said lever rides in a cam slot in this housing. The lever lies adjacent a lever 62 mounted on the rod 59 which has a dog face 63 adapted to coact with the dog 60 keyed to this shaft. When this lever 61 is moved in the cam slot it,shifts the dog face 63 into binding'contact with the dog 60. The lever or rod 62 at its lower end carries an anti-friction wheel or' bearin 64 which rides on the peripheral surface 0 the member 58.v This member 58 is, as before stated, eccentrically mounted on the trunnion 11. When the hand lever 61 is shifted, as described the rotation of the trunnion 11 will, through the member 58, impart a rocking movement to the arm or lever 62 which will turn the cam 57 and draw the brake band 54 tightly around the brake drum 52. It will thus be seen that the locking of the rotating cylinder is more or less auto- \0 matic, and b arran ing the parts as herein described, this cylin er will always be locked, due to its own rotary movement, 1n a posltion where it will discharge its garments directly I therefrom, or inother words the cylinder is "ll locked so that when it is ejectedor moved from the casing, the door controlled opening will be facing the floor.

Mechanism for. elevating and lowering the cylinder from the casing After the cylinder has been so-locked the movable closure-or door 5 of the casing is opened, so that the washing cylinder may bearings 86 o f the gear segments 85.

be. moved from the casing to eject the clothes therein. To move this cylinder from the casing,,driving pulleys 70, 71, and 72 are provided, the pulleys and 72 being'loosely mounted, while thevpulley 71 is keyed to or rigidly attached to a sleeve 73 carrying at its outer end a bevel gear 7 4' which meshes with a beveled gear 75 attached to a shaft 76- journalled in suitable bearings formed in a housing for these gears. The shaft .76 at its opposite end carries a worm 77 which meshes with a gear 78 on a transverse shaft 79. A

- pair of driving, belts 80 and 81 are providedfor rotating the fixed pulley 71 in opposite directions. The shaft 9 carries are 82 at each end thereof,- said gears me ing with large gears 83 supported in suitable housings 84 connected with the casin of the machine, which gears in turn mesh with gear segments 85. It will be observed that the trunnions 11, of the washing cylinder are supported in other words, the washing cylinder is directly mounted on these gear segments. The arms of the gear segmentsam 'ournalled on su porting shafts 87 attache to the side wa of the casing and on which shafts the se ments turn. The segments are provided wi gear teeth 88 which, as before stated, mesh with the gears 83. As rotation is imparted to the gears 83'in one direction, the ar segments are lifted, carrying with t cm the washing cylinder so at said cylinder is moved outside of the casing, having been locked prior to this movement so that the door openings therein are directed downwardly, when the cylinder is out of the easing, to facilitate the discharge of clothes therefrom. If desired, suitable connections can be made between the gear segments and the movable door 5 of the casing to open this door at the time the cylinder is to be movedv normal positions. As the sectors are rotated the forks exert an upward pressure on the pins 200, thus causing the hood to move up- -T e fork members arewardly about its pivot. During the upward movement the forks m ve about their pivots and force the cover to a fully openedposition whereupon the forks di'se a e from the pins while the sectors continue t e1r upward move! ment. When the hoods reach their fully opened (position, the pins 200 are received and hel by the pivotally mounted spring pressed latches 202. The fork members are each provided with a laterally projecting lug 203 which on the downward movement of the sectors engage the latch members and release them from the pins, whereupon the forks reengage the pins and carry the'cover to its closed position'as the sectors move downwardly to their normal position. Any suit-, able means 'may beprovided for normall maintaining the pivoted fork 201 in the position shown in Figure 5 while permitting it to assume its other active positions as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 due to its coacting with the pin 200 and relative movement of the gear sectors and the casing cover. To lift the cylinder from the casing in this manner, manual means is employed for-controlling the belts 80 and 81. A lever 90 is pivotally mounted at one side of the machine. This lever'connects with a link 91 pivoted to a crank 92 attached to a shaft 93 which carries a cam This cam 94 rotates in a bracket 95, which bracket carries a shifter rod 96. The shifter rod has rigidly connected therewith a finger97 which rides m the cam 94. The outer end of this no I lever to its neutral position and renderin resale":

shifter arm carries a shifter element 98 on opposite sides of which I provide the belt guides 99 and 100. If the lever 90 1s moved in one direction this movement is im arted 5 to the cam 94 which shifts the shifter e ement 98 due to the movement of the rod 961st) as to move one of the belts into 0 rative relatlon with the fixed pulley 71. e will assume that this movement raises the washing cylinder from the casing. A lug 90a fixed to the segment comes in contact with. lever 90 when the cylinder is approaching the 'upper' limit of its travel- -stoppingthe upward movement of the cylinder at the desired point.

7 'After' the clothes have been dumped, the lever 90 is then moved in an op osite direction and through'the mechanism erein described the otherbelt is brought into contact with the fixed pulley 71 so that a rotation of this pulleyreturns the washing cylinder to the casing, and the lug comesin contact with lever 90 and brings the belts into neutral when cylinder is seated in proper place, after which the door of the casing is closed, the cylinder being then ready for further rotation. A more complete understanding of the automatic operation of the cylinder elevating and lowering mechanism may be had by reference to Figs. 3 and 5 .of the drawings. In this figure the cylinder is shown in 1ts outermost osition and the lever 90 in its neutral position to which it has been moved by engagement therewith of the lug 90a secured to the gear sector. The lever 90 In? be moved from the position illustrated in igure 3 to the dotted line positionshown 1n Figure 5 for throwing the transmission mechamsm into operation to raise the c linder from the casing During the upwar movement of the gear sectors and the cylinder carried thereby, the'lug 90a will come into engagement with a projection 906 on one side of the lever and move the same to its neutral position which corresponds to the neu ral In order to return the cylinder to the casing, the lever 90 is moved in theo' posite direction from that shown in dotted lines in'Fi re 5, whereupon the transmission becomes e ective contact with the lower depending end portion 900 of lever 90, thus again throwing this the transmission mechanism inoperative. t will be understood however, that beforethe cylinder can be rotated, the-brakin nism therefor must be released. e invencondition of the transmission mechanism;

and the gear sectors and cylinder move in-- wardly with respect to the casing. During. this inward movement, thelu'g90a comes into mechation contemplates the provision of means by which this braking mechanism. is automatlcally released when the rotating mechanism for rotating the cylinder is aced in operation. This mechanism has p v n briefly de-- .9 scribed, but will be again referred to.

It will be observed that the lever 26' is connected through the lever 30,1ink'31, lever 32, and link 33 with the cam 34. A forward movement of this lever shifts the cam 34 so that the weighted cam 40 can drop and be-;- come engaged with the pin 51 on the shifter arm 48. This lever 26, however, is connected a link 102 with a lever 103 which lever is in I turn operatively connected with the bearing rod ors'up ort 59 on which the cam -57 is mounted. efore the ball end 28 of this lever engages the yoke 29 of the lever 30 to cause rotation of" the washing cylinder, the "lever '61 previously having been moved to release the clutch structure 60- 63 the element 59 has been shifted, due to the connecting links 102 and 103, so as to release the brake coacting with the brake drum 52. .The lever 26 there-' fore serves a dual purpose,'namely, it releases the braking mechanism for the washing cyl-.- inder and at the same time, on a continued movement, throws the operating mechanism for rotating the cylinder into operation.

It is believed that from the foregoing description the invention can'be clearly com--- prehended and it will of course be understood that many changes in the construction,

and operation of parts can be resorted to without departing from this invention.

7 Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a washi 'g with a casing, o

a rotating washin cylinder therefor, means for rotating sai a predetermined position, said actuating.

means including a lever for the non-rotatable member and an element rotatable with the machine, the combination cylin-. der, a brake mechanism, including a member.

c linder and engageable with the lever, when t e cylinder occupies a redetermined position, to move the lever or applying the re :Y

tarding member.

2. In a washing machine, the-combination with a casing, of a rotating cylinder therein, means for rotating the cylinder, automatically operated means for braking said cylinder when it reaches a predetermined position, said means comprising a friction brake device coacting with the cylinder and including an operating arm, and an applying device consisting of an eccentric engaging said arm. and operated by the movement of said cylinder to apply said braking device.

3. In a washin machine, the combinationv with a casing, o a.rotating washing cylinder therein and movable-into and out of the casing, means for rotating said cylinder alternately in different directions, a manually operable, control for said rotating means, brake mechanism for the cylinder, means actuated by the movement of the cylinder for applyin said mechanism when the door of the cylin er is in a position to permit the dischar of clothes by gravity from the cylinder w en the latter is disposed without the casing, and a control devlce for the brake actuating means connected to and o rable by the said manual control for releasing the brake when the cylinder is started.

4. In a washin machine, the combination with a casing, o a c linder therein, means for rotatin the cylin er, a movable door for said cylin er, braking means for stopping said cylinder when the door reaches a predetermined position, a manual control for by the rotation of the cylinder for o crating said braking means to stop said cylin er upon the shifting of said manual control to a braking osition, said means comprising a braking rum, a brakin band there'for, a cam for operating said ban an arm, an interlocking connection between said arm and said cam, and an eccentric carried by said cylinder for operating'said arm.

6. In a washing machine, the combination with a casing, a cylinder rotativel dis osed within said casing, a shaft to whic sai cylinder' is secured, a brake drum on said shaft, a brake member adapted to enga e said drum, a'crank arm for actuating sai brake member and adjustable eccentric means operatively connected with said cylinder and having operative enga ement with said crank arm for actuating t e latter.

7. In a washin machine, the combination with a casing, o a cylinder in said casing,

' means for'moving said 0 linder out of and into said casing, a move 1e cover for said members and engageable with said pin whereby to 0 en said cover during outward movement 0? said cylinder, a latch element positioned to receive said pin and hold said cover in open position, and means operative upon the inward movement of said cylinder for releasing said latch member.

9. In a washing machine, the combination with a casing, a cylinder rotatably disposed within the casing,'a brake mechanism including a member rotating with the cylinder and a non-rotatable member adapted for coaction with said first member, a normally inoperative brake actuating connection between the cylinder and said non-rotatable member, said connection including an ele- -ment rotating with the cylinder, and means for rendering said connection operative whereby said non-rotatable member will be .moved into engagement with said first member to stop the cylinder. I

-10. In a washin machine, the combination with a cylinder, 0 a casing for said cylinder, power means including a'rockable se ment on which the cylinder is supported for lifting the cylinder from the ca'sin ,a control lever for said ower means, an .means on said segment or automatically shifting the control lever to move the same to a neutral posi-,

tion when the cylinder reaches the limitof its up or or lower movements.

n testimony whereof I aflix m signature.

EMANUEL J. ERRY.

casing, means actuated by said cylinde'r'movingi means during outward movementof said cy nder for opening said cover, a latch for holding said cover in open position, and means carried by for releasing sai latch on the inward movement of. said'cylinder for permitting said cover to be closed.

- 8. In a washin machine, the combination w th a casing, o a cylinder in'said casing," pivotally mounted members whereon said I c linder is journaled for moving said cyline r into and out of said casing, a cover for sa d casing, a pin carried by an end wall of sa1d cover, a pivotally mounted fork element carried by! one of. said pivotally mounted said cover moving means

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