US1646998A - Frank p - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 25. 1927. 1,646,998

` F, P. vcelu., JR

PISTON Filed Feb. 18. l9k24 n f /7 z/ 5.5

I I f lumlll mum 1 i d nlllln INVENTOR ATTORNEY 4Patented Oct. 25, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,646,998 PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK P. GILL, JR., OF EAST CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE FERRO MACHINE AND FOUNDRY CO., F CLEVELAND,OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

PISTON.

Application filed February 18, 1924. Serial No. 693,438.

My invention relates to piston structures such as are used in cylinders of engines, pumps, etc., particularly in internal conibustion engines.

The niain object of my invention is a piston which is light in weight, sufliciently strongforthe purpose intended, easily cast in the rough, easily machined, and more econoinical than present pistons. Other objects will appear during the description of the piston shown in the accompanying drawing.

It is .well known in engine structures, par `ticularly in internal combustion engines, that the weight of the piston has considerable bearing on the efiiciency of the engine. Light weight material has been tried for piston purposes but such material is more eX- pensive, wears faster, anda piston made of such material does not last long, thereby losing inoie in repairs and displacements than has been saved in eticiency even if the cost of the heavy and the light pistons were the same; usually however pistons made of light weight material cost more than pistons made of heavy weight material.

In order to retain the advantages found in pistons made of heavy weight material and attain the additional etliciency due to a light weight piston, or to further reduce the weight of the present heavy weight pistons and thereby gain further in efficiency, I have invented certain piston structures and show one application of my invention in the accompanying diawingwherein I attain my .obj ects and in which Fig. '1 is a perspective View of a'piston for an internal combustion engine embodying the features of my invention; Fig. 2 is a section, taken on 'a vertical plane indicated by the line 2 2 in Fig. 1, showing the longitudinal relation of the piston-pin bosses and the ribsl and the other portions of the piston; Fig. 3 is a section, takenon a vertical plane indicated by the line 3-3 in Fig. l.

showing lthe longitudinal relation of the upper and the lower and the intermediate cylinder bearing portions and the piston-pin bosses-and the ribs; Fig. l is a section, taken on a horizontal plane indicated by the line 4-l in -Fig.2, showing the transverse relation of the upper rib structure to the piston-pin bosses and the other piston' portions;

and Fig. 5 is a section, taken on a horizontal plane indicated by the line"5-5 in Fig. 2, showing the transverse relation of the bosses and the lower rib structure `to the other portions of the piston.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the views. y The general features of the present inven tion are to cut away or eliminate material where it can be dispensed with or where it serves no useful purpose and to adequately strengthen and stiiilen the material which is needed in the struct-ure for* useful purposes. ln'pistons for internal combustion engines for instance, it has formerly been the practice to malte the outer circumferential wall solid all around but it has been found necessary to relieve portions of the outer surface of this wall, around the piston-pin, to get better action out of the piston. y This necessity of so relieving these portions requires a certain amount of time and labor and these relieved portions of the piston really serve no useful purpose but add to the weightof the piston.

The present invention eliminates these relieved portions entirely and strengthens the remaining and useful portionstliereby saving time and labor in machining the piston, saving material in the original casting for the piston, providing a light Weight piston of sufficient strength, and increasing'the eiliciency of theengine in which the piston is used. 1 i y Referring now particularly 'to the drawinv..

The piston shown in the drawing consists, principally, of the upper cylinder bearing portion A, the lower cylinder bearing portion B, the intermediate cylinder bearing lportion C, and the piston-pin supports D.

The portion A has the outer circumferenptial wall l() iitting to the wallof a cylinder and is provided with the ring grooves 11,

, and has the top wall 12 to closerthe top of the portion A. The rib 13 is disposed on the under side of the wall 12 and extends across this wall at right angles to the axis of the piston-pin openings 14.

The portion'B has the outer circumferenytial, wall 15 fitting to the wall of the engine cylinder and` is provided with the inwardly extending circular ribs 1G and 17.

The portions C extend longitudinally between and connect the portions A and B, are disposed diametrically opposite each other and substantially at right angles to the axis of the piston-pin openings 14, and are coin- Gli \ viously described. V

yparatively narrow; ythereby providing the' openings E on each side'thereof.

Each vof the portions C has the outer ciroumferential lwall 18 fitting to the wall of .,ferred, toy introduce the fillets 2O and 2l where the-portion C connect with the portions A and B. respectively, The supports D extend longitudinally bel tween and connect the portions A .and B, are @disposed in., the openings E, diametrically .opposite each other,Y and intermediate the portions. C, preferably substantially at right vangles' to the portions C.. ,A e Each of the supports D has the piston-piii y Y' boss 22 provided with the opening 14 toac-` lcommodate aL piston-pin ora bushing tliere-V A for. It vis observed that the outside face 24;

. ,of eachof the bosses 22 is inside of the outer circumferential surface of the portionsA, B, and C, so that thefbosses 22 do not touch the wall of the engine cylinder, therefore, only the portions A,`B, and C contact this ,wall and these` portions only need to be finished or machined.

Each of thel bosses 22 is connected to the llportionl A by the circumferential rib v25 .e i54 respective bosses.,

which extends v`from substantially midway of 'the top of the boss upto thefportion Agwthe ,upper portion 26of the rib 25 being inclined f asshown in Fig.V 2 to provide additional fstrength in the piston. ,The ribs-r25 are, pre'ft, .erably, provided with the fillets 27 for purposes similar to the fillets and 21 The transverse ribs 28 are disposed on the of the bossesv 22 up to the portions 26, andv the outer ends thereof are flush with the AThe transverseribs 29 are disposed onthe vIjinside of the ribs and `on the inside ofL @the portion A and extend from the top. f

the bosses 22 up` to the inside of the wall 10l where theylare,vpreferably, provided with the `fillets 30 for purposes similar to the illets previously described. y d t Each of theibosses 2v2 is connected to theA portion B bythe circumferential rib 3l I Itom of the boss down tothe portion B.V The tit)- `insideof the ribs 31 and extend from the I i bottom o-f the bosses 22 down to the por-l tion v n d d y lt is observed that the piston structure shown and described embodies rigidity and minimum weight and minimum machine work vand minimum material in the original casting or inthe original blank when made of pressed or otherwisely formed material.

I am aware that pistons have been made with portions of the outer circumferential surface thereof7 around the piston-pin, have been relieved; therefore, I do not claim such J feature broadly; am also aware that modifications niay be made from the 'structure i' shown and'described, within the scope of the appended claims; therefore, without liinitiking myself to the precise ystructureshown and described, claim: n

' 1. Anpiston including, an upper cylinder bearing,portionprovided with atop wall, a

lower cylinder bearing portionM provided with aninwardly extending` flange,-v two in termediate cylinderbearing Yportions opposite each other and extending` longitudinally of tlie piston and connecting said upper and saidv lowerjb'earing portions, two piston-pin bosses opposite neach other and intermediate said "intermediatebearing portions and extendingV `longitudinally of the piston and Aconnecting said upper and said lower bearing portions, ribs yconnecting said bosses with Y said upper and said lower bearing 'portions and with said wall;` and the outer surface of said bosses and'of saidfribs below the outer circumferential surface of said cylinder bearing portions.

2. A piston including, an upperc'ylinder bearing portion provided with a top wall, a lower 'cylinder bearing portion, two intermediate cylinder bearing poitionszoi'iposite each other and extending longitudinally of the piston and connecting said upper and fsaidlower bearing portions, two piston-pin bosses'4 opposite each other and intermediate A u grjsaid intermediate'bearing portions "and ex* outside o f the ribs 25, extend from the topl `tending longitudinally ofy the piston and connecting'said upper and'said'lower bearing portions, circumferential 'ribs extending 1 from substantially midway ofthe top of 4transverse ribs extending from the top of said bosses to'said upperbearing portion and to said top wall on the inside of said circumferential ribs, and ribs connectingr the l .bottom of said bosses to said lower bearing which extends from the outer endof the botf 1site each other and extending longitudinally of the piston and connectingsaid upper and said lower bearing portions, two piston-pin bosses opposite each other-and intermediate lll) said intermediate bearing portions and extending longitudinally of the piston and connecting said upper and said lower bearing portions, ribs connecting the top of each of said bosses to said upper hearing portion and to said top wall, circumferential ribs extending from the bottom and the outside of said bosses to said lower hearing portion, and transverse ribs extending from the bottom of said bosses to said lower hearing portion on the inside of said circumferential ribs.

4. A piston including, an upper cylinder bearing portion provided with a top wall, a lower cylinder hearing portion provided with an inwardly extending `flange, two intermediate cylinder hearing portions Opposite each other and extending between and connecting said upper and said lower bear ing portions, a longitudinal rib on the inside of each of said intermediate hearing portions, two piston-pin bosses opposite each other and intermediate Asaid intermediate bearing portions and intermediate said upper and said lower hearing portions, circumferential ribs extending from substantially midway of the top of said bosses to said upper hearing portion, transverse ribs extending from the top of said bosses to said upper bearing portion on the outside of said circumferential ribs, transverse ribs extending from the top of said bosses to said upper bearing portion and to Said top wall on the inside of said circumferential ribs, circun'iferential ribs extending from the hottom and the outside of said bosses to said lower bearing portion, and transverse ribs extending from the bottom of said bosses to said lower bearing portion on the inside of said second circumferential ribs.

5. A piston comprising a. head having an adjacent ringed portion, wrist pin bearings, a skirt forming an extension of said ringed portion cut away with the exception of narrow segments symmetrical with a plane perpendicular to the axis of said wrist pin bearings and an annular portion at the lower end of said segments, and reinforcing webs connecting said bearings with said annulus, ringed portion and head.

6. A piston comprising a head, a ringed portion adjacent thereto, a skirt forming an extension of said ringed portion cut away with the exception of narrow segments sy1nmetrical with an axial plane and an annular portion at the lower end of said segments, wrist pin hearings located in the cut-away portion of said skirt, and webs connecting said wrist pin bearings with said annulus, head and skirt.

7. A piston comprising a head, an adja* cent ringed portion, wrist pin bearings, angled webs which merge in conical shapes connecting said ringed portion and said hearings, and a skirt cut away opposite said hearings and providing narrow segments symmetrical to a plane transverse to the axis of said bearings connected by an annular portion at their lower ends.

FRANK. P. GILL, Jn.

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