US1492294A - Piston - Google Patents

Description

A. F. HANISH ET L PISTON Filed Dec. l0. 1921 Patented Apr. 29, 1F24..

ARTHUR F. HANISH AND RICHD D. HAEISH, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

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.application led ecember 10, 1921. Serial No. 521,357.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that we, ARTHUR F. HANISH and RICHARD D. HANISH, citizens of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Chio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pistons, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines and the like.

One object ot' the invention is to provide a piston of such a construction that the skirt thereof will not become heated to an excessive degree.

A further object of theV invention is to provide a piston in which the oil will not come in contact with excessively heated parts of the piston, thereby reducing the formation of carbon in the cylinder.

A further object of the invention is to provide a very strong piston which will Vbe of light weight and accurately balanced.

@ther objects of the invention will appear as the piston is described in detail.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 1s a top pla-n view of aipiston embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plston with the outer head removed; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the piston; Fig. 4t is a transverse sectional view taken centrally of the piston; Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the outer head ofthe piston; and Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of the outer head.

The iston is provided with a hollow head, the enc osed space of the head communicating with the exterior of the piston by circumferential openings. The hollow head is preferably formed in two parts and the outer part may, if desired, be formed of aluminum or a suitable aluminum composition, which provides light weight and enables the piston to be accurately balanced on the Wrist pin of the connecting rod. As here shown, the piston comprises a body ortion, or main piston, consisting of a hea 1 and a skirt. or apron 2. Mounted upon the body portion is a supplemental, or outer, head 3 which is rigidly secured to the inner head 1 and which is spaced therefrom in such a manner as to provide a chamber within the head of the piston. The outer head 3 may be of any suitable character and may be secured to the inner head in any suitable manner. As stated, it is preferably formed of aluminum composition. and as here shown it is provided with a central aperture which is screw threaded onto a stud 4 formed integral with the inner head 1. The outer head may be held against rotation on the inner head in various ways but in the present instance we prefer to heat the outer head before it is screwed onto the stud 4 so that it will shrink and tightly grip the threads of the stud. To further lock the outer head against rotation we have formed one or more screw threaded openings 5 in the joint between the stud 4 and ti'iehead 3, which openings are tapped to receive screws 6, the heads of which are countersunk in the outer face of the piston head 3 and the inner ends of which are upset on the inner face of the inner piston 1. lt will be notedv that the opening in the outer head 3 is surrounded by a boss 7 which bears upon the outersurtace of the inner head 1, thus spacing the head 3 from the head 1 and providing a chamber between the two heads. The size of this chamber is increased and the strength ot the piston is also increased b v tapering the inner head 1 from its point of contact with the box 7`to the skirt 2. The peripheral edge of the outer head 3 may be supported in any suitable manner but asr here shown this outer head is of a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the body portion of the piston and has an inwardly extending flange 8 which is provided with piston ring grooves 9. This flange terminates short of the peripheral portion of the inner head 1 and is supported thereon by means of lugs, or feet, l10 which extend inwardly from the flange 8, thereby providing circumferential openings leadin to the chamber in the double piston hea It will be noted that the upper edge ofthe skirt 2 extends slightly above the lowest portion of the outer surface of the inner head, thus forming a V-shaped channel 12 from which openings 13 extend through the inner head 1. The lugs 10 on the flange 8 are tapered to seat snugly within this channel and are thus prevented from any tendenc to lateral movement. The body portion o the piston is preferably provided in the outer portion of the skirt 2 with a third piston ring groove 14 so that the openings leading to the chamber within the piston head lie between the piston ring in the groove 14 and the ring in the inner groove 9. Any oil which may pass the innermost ring will enter the o enlngs in the side of the piston head an be conducted to the channel 12 and thence llGtl lll@ through the openings 13 to the interior of the piston. It is thus prevented from coming in cont-act with the highly heated portions of the piston and the carbon formed in the cylinder is materially reduced. If desired, bolts `11 may be extended through the two piston heads and through the chambers between the same to further reinforce the structure.

By use of the double head with the chamber separating the two parts thereof and having an opening through the circumferential wall, we are enabled to. reduce the heat which reaches the inner head of the piston and the skirt of the piston and thus prevent the oil from coming in contact with the highly heated parts of the piston and also to prevent the distortion of the skirt. due to the excessive heat. The aluminum outer head materially reduces the weight of the piston and further reduces the weight atl such a point in the piston construction as to enable an accurate balance to be had on the wrist pin for the connecting rod. which is journaled in the bearings shown al 15 in Fig. 4. Theipiston as a whole is highly efficient in operation and is of very sti-ong, durable construction. The outer head bcing connected with the inner head near its center only is free to expand. at its circumferential portion, relatively to the body of the piston, thereby preventing unequal expansion of the body and maintaining the piston as a whole in correct relation to the cylinder.

While we have shown and described one embodiment of our invention we wish it to be understood that we do not. desire to be limited to the details thereof as various modifications may occur t-o a person skilled in the art.

Having now fully described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A piston comprising a hollow head having upper and lower walls and a circumferential wall, the latter Vhaving openings leading tothe space within said head, and said piston also having a circun'iferential edge adjacent to said openings to remove oil from the wall of the cylinder and deliver it to saidopenings.

2. A piston comprising a main portion havin a head and an outer portion secured to sai head, spaced therefrom and having a` circumferential flange in supporting engagement with said head, said flange having portions spaced from said head to provide openings leading to the space betweeno the said head and said outer portion.

3. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, an outer head rigidly secured to the first mentioned head, spaced therefrom and having a circumferential flange, said flange being provided with projections spaced apart and engaging the first mentioned head to provide openings leading to the space between the two heads.

4. A'piston comprising a main portion having a head and having apiston ring groove in the circumferential wall thereof near said head, and an outer head rigidly secured to the first mentioned head, spaced therefrom and having a circumferential flange provided with piston ring grooves, said flange having portions spaced from the first mentioned head to provide openings between two of said piston ring grooves and leading to the space between said heads.

5. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head having a channel near the circumference thereof and having openings conm-ctingsaid channel with the interior of said main portion of said piston, an outer head rigidly secured to the first mentioned head, spaced therefrom and having a circumferential flange supported by said main portion and having circumferential openings colnmunicating with the space between said heads` and with'said channel.

(. A piston comprising a main portion,

having a head provided in its outer surface .ind near the edge thereof with a channel and having openings leading from said channel to the interior of said portion of said head, an outer head rigidly secured to the first mentioned head. spaced therefrom, and having a circumferential flange, said flange having lnojections spacedapart and shaped to fit within said channel.

7. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head being provided with a central screw threaded stud, an outer head screw threaded onto said stud and having a circumferential flange supported by the first mentioned Ahead near the periphery thereof and having openings leading to the space between said heads.

8. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head being provided with a central screw threaded stud, an outer head screw threaded onto said stud and having a vcircumferential flange supported by the first mentioned head near the periphery thereof and having openings leading to the space between said heads, a screw threaded opening formed in the joint between said stud and said outer head` and a screw seated in said opening.

9. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, said head `having a central outwardly extending stud, an outer head having a central opening to receive said stud and surrounded by an inwardly extending boss to engage the first, mentioned head, said First mentioned head sloping downwardly .and outwardly from the point of contact with said boss. and said outer head having circmnfcrcntial flanges supported by the outer portion of the first mentioned head andlll bearings for a wrist pin, an outer head of anv aluminum composition rigidly lsecured at its center to the first mentioned head, spaced therefrom, and having a circumferential flange, said flange having projections to engage the first mentioned head near the periphery thereof.

11. A piston comprising a main portion having a head and a skirt, said skirt having bearings for a W'rist pin, an outer head rigidly secured near its center to the first mentioned head, and having a circumferential flange resting upon but disconnected from the first mentioned head, whereby the circumferential portion of said outer head may expand relatively to the first mentioned head.

12. A piston comprising a main portion having a head and a skirt, said skirt having bearings for a wrist pin, an outer head rigidly secured near its center to the first memtioned head, spaced therefrom and havin at its circumferential portion parts arranged to be supported by and to move relatively to said first mentioned head.

13. A piston comprising amain portion having a head, and an outer head spaced from and secured to the first ment1oned head, one of said heads having a. circumferential portion in supporting contact with the other head and having openings leading to the space between said heads.

14. A piston comprising a main portion having a head, and an outer head spaced from and secured to first mentioned head, one of said heads having a circumferential portion in supporting Contact with the other head and having openings leading to the space between said heads, said outer head having greater expansibility than the first mentioned head.

In testimony whereof, we afx our signatures hereto.

ARTHUR F. HANISH. RICHARD D. HANISH.

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