US1615146A - Heinrich spindler - Google Patents
Heinrich spindler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1615146A US1615146A US1615146DA US1615146A US 1615146 A US1615146 A US 1615146A US 1615146D A US1615146D A US 1615146DA US 1615146 A US1615146 A US 1615146A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- washing
- magnesium
- soap
- insoluble
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940077744 antacid containing magnesium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008403 very hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
- C11D9/18—Water-insoluble compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile
Definitions
- the insoluble calciumand magnesium salts deposit upon the fibres, fabrics and the like, as a tough, viscous mass, enveloping the dirty substances so that they cannot be acted upon by the soap, and rendering the fibres brittle after the drying, dull in colour and less easily dyed. According to the degree of hardness of the water the normal progress of the washing process is therefore disturbed more or less and the qualities of the fabrics are more or less unfavorably influenced in chemical and physical respect. For this reason the washing water has been hitherto always submitted to a softening process before it is used for washing.
- soaps are used for washing which contain insoluble metal compounds of a feebly basic character such as for instance oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, calcium, barium, aluminium, zinc and the like.
- insoluble substances can be incorporated in soaps in the simplest manner for instance by adding to the elementary substances of the soaps, before or during the sa-ponification, salts or double salts of the metals in question, which are soluble in water, for instance magnesium sulphate, such quantities of said salts being added as are necessary to react with the alkali to form the desired amount of metal oxide or bydroxide, so that the water is softened during the washing process.
- a determined quantity of fatty acids is heated with such a quantity of alkaline lye that the alkali present in the lye is sufficient for the saponification of the fatty acid and for the transformation of the soluble salt added.
- the action of the water insoluble metal compounds may be explained according to the following theory, it being understood that the invention is not dependent upon this or any other theory:
- the hardness coustituents commonly present in hard water are the acid carbonates, (i. c., bicarboir ates) of calcium and/or magnesium.
- the finely divided water-insoluble metal compounds added to the hard water in the soap vehicle react with the said acid carbonates, thereby forming ⁇ v: 1.ter-insolul')le normal carbonates, as illustrated by the following equation CaO-l-Call (C0,) :QCaCCL-JLO
- the quantities of insoluble metallic combinations to be incorporated in the soap depend evidently on the hardness of the water.
- a soap solution which contains 100 gr. of soap to 10 liters (:10000 c. c.) of water.
- the soap contains on an average of 50% of fatty acid, and as 1 degree of hardness corresponds to 1 gr. of calcium oxide (equivalent to 0.8 gr. of magnesium oxide) in 100,000 c. c. of water, the said 10 liters of soap solution contain 50 gr. of fatty acid, and to each degree of hardness, 0.1 gr. of calcium oxide or 0.08 gr. of magnesium oxide. If therefore 0.17 gr. of magnesium oxide are produced by adding 1 gr. of crystallized magnesium sulphate to every 100 gr. of fatty acid in the soap, the soap solution taken as an example contains 008 gr.
- magnesium oxide incorporated in 50 gr. of fatty acid and capable of expelling from 10 liters of Water 0.1 gr. of hardness producing calcium oxide corresponding to 1 degree of hardness; that is, every gram of water so that for a water of, for instance,
- a soap which has an addition of 10 parts of magnesium sulphate, or about 6 parts of magnesium oxi-de, for 100 parts of fatty acid, or, to make quite sure, a soap which contains an excess, for instance up to 4:5 or 50 parts of magnesium sulphate, or about 6 parts of magnesium oxide, for 100 parts of fatty acid.
- the soaps containing insoluble metal oxides or the like are used for washing purpose, the calciumand magnesium combinations dissolved in the Water are separated in the form of a loose powder without the use of valuable fatty acids and without precipitation of insoluble fatty acid combinations upon the material to be washed, so that the quality of this material is not influenced unfavorably.
- a process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials which comprises washing the material in hard water with a soap containing a quantity of an uncombined finely divided water-insoluble metal compound of a weak basic character capable of precipitating calcium and magnesium compounds from the water, so that the water is softened during the washing process.
- a process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials which comprises washing the material in hard Water containing an acid carbonate of an alkaline earth metal with a soap containing anuncombined finely divided water-insoluble metal compound having a weak basic character capabio of reacting with the said acid carbonate, thereby precipitating the water-insoluble normal carbonate of said alkaline metal.
- a process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials as defined in claim 2, in which the said water-insoluble metal compound is magnesium oxide.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Patented Jan. 18, 1927.
HEINRICH srmnrnie, or B BLINGEN, NEAR STUTTGART, GERMANY.
PROCESS FOR WASHING AND CLEANING FABRICS AND THE LIKE.
1T0 Drawing. Application filed June 1, 1923, Serial No. 642,875,:1nd in Germany June 1, 1522.
transformatitni of the fatty acids into the insoluble salts so that they are prevented from fulfilling their purpose which. is to produce a cleaning effect. Furthermore the insoluble calciumand magnesium salts deposit upon the fibres, fabrics and the like, as a tough, viscous mass, enveloping the dirty substances so that they cannot be acted upon by the soap, and rendering the fibres brittle after the drying, dull in colour and less easily dyed. According to the degree of hardness of the water the normal progress of the washing process is therefore disturbed more or less and the qualities of the fabrics are more or less unfavorably influenced in chemical and physical respect. For this reason the washing water has been hitherto always submitted to a softening process before it is used for washing.
It has been found that the washing process will take place in a normal manner and Without any of the above mentioned disad vantages with hard or even very hard water, it soaps are used for washing which contain insoluble metal compounds of a feebly basic character such as for instance oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, calcium, barium, aluminium, zinc and the like. These insoluble substances can be incorporated in soaps in the simplest manner for instance by adding to the elementary substances of the soaps, before or during the sa-ponification, salts or double salts of the metals in question, which are soluble in water, for instance magnesium sulphate, such quantities of said salts being added as are necessary to react with the alkali to form the desired amount of metal oxide or bydroxide, so that the water is softened during the washing process.
As an example a determined quantity of fatty acids is heated with such a quantity of alkaline lye that the alkali present in the lye is sufficient for the saponification of the fatty acid and for the transformation of the soluble salt added.
The action of the water insoluble metal compounds may be explained according to the following theory, it being understood that the invention is not dependent upon this or any other theory: The hardness coustituents commonly present in hard water are the acid carbonates, (i. c., bicarboir ates) of calcium and/or magnesium. The finely divided water-insoluble metal compounds added to the hard water in the soap vehicle react with the said acid carbonates, thereby forming \v: 1.ter-insolul')le normal carbonates, as illustrated by the following equation CaO-l-Call (C0,) :QCaCCL-JLO The quantities of insoluble metallic combinations to be incorporated in the soap, depend evidently on the hardness of the water.
It has been found by exhaustive experiments that relations exist between the quantity of metal salts incorporated in the soap and the degree of hardness of the water inasmuch as if, for instance, magnesiun'i sulphate is added, each part of magnesium sulphate or part of magnesium oxide derived therefrom (if the usual and hereinafter stated quantitative proportions are adhered to), precipitates aquantity of hardnesscausing calcium and magnesium com pounds which corresponds to the degree of hardness of the water.
In washing processses generally a soap solution is used which contains 100 gr. of soap to 10 liters (:10000 c. c.) of water. As the soap contains on an average of 50% of fatty acid, and as 1 degree of hardness corresponds to 1 gr. of calcium oxide (equivalent to 0.8 gr. of magnesium oxide) in 100,000 c. c. of water, the said 10 liters of soap solution contain 50 gr. of fatty acid, and to each degree of hardness, 0.1 gr. of calcium oxide or 0.08 gr. of magnesium oxide. If therefore 0.17 gr. of magnesium oxide are produced by adding 1 gr. of crystallized magnesium sulphate to every 100 gr. of fatty acid in the soap, the soap solution taken as an example contains 008 gr. of magnesium oxide incorporated in 50 gr. of fatty acid and capable of expelling from 10 liters of Water 0.1 gr. of hardness producing calcium oxide corresponding to 1 degree of hardness; that is, every gram of water so that for a water of, for instance,
40 degrees of hardness a soap is used which has an addition of 10 parts of magnesium sulphate, or about 6 parts of magnesium oxi-de, for 100 parts of fatty acid, or, to make quite sure, a soap which contains an excess, for instance up to 4:5 or 50 parts of magnesium sulphate, or about 6 parts of magnesium oxide, for 100 parts of fatty acid.
If the soaps containing insoluble metal oxides or the like are used for washing purpose, the calciumand magnesium combinations dissolved in the Water are separated in the form of a loose powder without the use of valuable fatty acids and without precipitation of insoluble fatty acid combinations upon the material to be washed, so that the quality of this material is not influenced unfavorably.
I claim: c
1. A process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials, which comprises washing the material in hard water with a soap containing a quantity of an uncombined finely divided water-insoluble metal compound of a weak basic character capable of precipitating calcium and magnesium compounds from the water, so that the water is softened during the washing process.
2. A process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials which comprises washing the material in hard Water containing an acid carbonate of an alkaline earth metal with a soap containing anuncombined finely divided water-insoluble metal compound having a weak basic character capabio of reacting with the said acid carbonate, thereby precipitating the water-insoluble normal carbonate of said alkaline metal.
3. A process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials, as defined in claim 2, in which the said water-insoluble metal compound is magnesium oxide.
4.. A process of washing and cleaning fabrics and other materials, as defined in claim 2, in which the said water-insoluble metal compound is magnesium oxide.
In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature. I
HEINRICH SPINDLER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEH90092D DE400131C (en) | 1922-06-02 | 1922-06-02 | Process for washing and cleaning textiles and other laundry items |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1615146A true US1615146A (en) | 1927-01-18 |
Family
ID=7165773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1615146D Expired - Lifetime US1615146A (en) | 1922-06-02 | Heinrich spindler |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1615146A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE400131C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB198681A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5417878A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1995-05-23 | Kao Corporation | Solid detergent composition |
| US5976193A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-11-02 | Cigone Enterprises, Inc. | Method composition and system for removing |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE750703C (en) * | 1934-05-10 | 1945-01-24 | Washing method | |
| US2437253A (en) * | 1940-01-08 | 1948-03-09 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Detergent composition |
| NL264886A (en) * | 1960-05-20 | |||
| US4094807A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1978-06-13 | Lever Brothers Company | Preparation of detergent bars containing zinc oxide |
-
0
- US US1615146D patent/US1615146A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1922
- 1922-06-02 DE DEH90092D patent/DE400131C/en not_active Expired
-
1923
- 1923-05-31 GB GB14377/23A patent/GB198681A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5417878A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1995-05-23 | Kao Corporation | Solid detergent composition |
| US5976193A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-11-02 | Cigone Enterprises, Inc. | Method composition and system for removing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE400131C (en) | 1924-08-01 |
| GB198681A (en) | 1924-08-07 |
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