US1470744A - Steam boiler - Google Patents

Description

D. S. JACOBUS I STEAM BdILER ma m a No M a w, T

D. s. JACOBUS STEAM BOILER Filed July 2, 191 s MFQEM 5 Sheets-Sheet IN VEN TOR.

ATTORNEYS.

D. s. JACOBUs TEAM BOILER Filed July 2, 1918 5 Sheets-Sh t 4 INVENTOR.

I. LJ-Lk ATTORNEYS.

STEAM BOILER Filed July 2, 1918 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVEN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

DAVID S. JACOBUS, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BABCOCK 6t WILCOX COMPANY, OF BA YONNE, NEW J ERSEY, A. CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

scream Bonsa Application filed July 2,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, DAVID S. JAoonUs, a citizen of the United States, residing in Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and Stat of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Boilers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a horizontal water tube boiler constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a detail view of the headers of the high pressure stage of the economizer, shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing another arrangement of the invention; Fig. 4 is a detai of Fig. 3, showing the arrangement of the'superheating tubes; Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing another form of the invention; Fig. 6 is another view similar to Fig. 1, showing 4 another arrangement of the parts; and Fig.

7 is a front elevation partly in section of the form of Fig. 6.

My invention relates to that type of boiler wherein horizontally extending tubes, usually inclined to the horizontal, are connected into end headers which, in turn, are connected with one or more steam and water drums.

The object of the invention is to reduce the number of passes in the boiler. thereby groups, so as to provide for an outlet of the gases between the headers of the upper and lower groups, giving a good location for the superheater in the intermediate space-or for a secondary combustion chamber, if the super-heater is not employed.

The invention further relates to obtaining increased efficiency by flowing the gases along the lower tubes of the bank for substantially their whole length and then passing them upwardly through a. contracting area flow space as they flow up between the tubes. It also relates to a combined boiler and furnace arrangement in which the gases produced through combustion flow through a progressively increasing areahin the furnace in traveling from the fuel bed to the 1918. Serial No. 242,990.

progressively decreasing areas in passing over the boiler tubes.

In the drawings, referring to the forms of Figs. 1 and 2, 2 represents an upper bank of horizontally inclined tubes, and 3 a corresponding lower bank, shown as comprising three rows. walls are indicated by the reference numerals 40 and 41, respectively, the front wall being supported by a member 40, as indicated. The combustion chamber 4, below the lower set of tubes, extends substantially the entire length of the tubes and is of a hopper-shaped construction with the underfeed stoker 5 at the narrow part of the hopper, the front of the underfeed stoker 5 coming under the uptake headers 6. The rear wall of the combustion chamber is pro vided with a door 4' through which a tool, may be inserted to remove the clinker which col ectsover the stoker dump plates.

The lower ends of the upper bank of water tubes enter a group of headers 7, while the lower ends of the lower tubes 3 enter headers 8, these headers 7 and 8 being connected by long spaced-apart nipples 9. A baflle 10, disposed at the rear of the boiler extends over the upper row of tubes 3 from the boxes 8 for a portion of their length, and from the inner end of this battle a vertical baflle extends upwardly, being'formed in part as the baflle llbetween the rows of tubes of the upper bank, and in part of superheater headers 12, 12, 12 and 12 and portions of baflling between them. In the form shown, the superheaters are provided with U-tubes 13, whose ends are connected to the boxes. It will be noted thatthe upwardly projecting part of 1 this bafile extending through the bank is at an angle to the planes of the headers such that the upward flow The steam from the steam and wat-er'drum I 14 passes through pipe 15 to the header box 12, thence through the U-tubes to the'header box 12, whence it flows through nipples into box 12", and thence through thelonger Us tubes to the upper box 12, where it is taken ofi. The gases rise from the furnace through.

the lower group of tubes, pass up to the left gases ma roup of tubes, and then flow down through 5w upper group of tubes and out between the nipples 9 to the ofitake flue 16.

In the form shown, a two-stage economizer is provided, the high pressure stage being shown at A'and the low pressure stage at B. The waste gases from the boiler flow downwardly over the high pressure stage, and thence horizontally over the low pressure stage B. The high pressure stage preferably comprises oppositely placed horizontally extending headers 17, connected by horizontally extending inclined tubes, theentire economizer arrangement being preferably in accordance with that shown in my Patent No. 1,281,016, issued October 8, 1918, for method of and apparatus for operating steam boiler economizers.

The upper portions of the high pressure economizer headers are preferabl connected at alternate ends by tubes 19 Figure 2), which will allow the upward passage of steam, air or gases, and avoid trapping. The low pressure st e is shown as consisting of three separate anks or groups of cast iron tubes, fitted into upper and lower cast iron horizontal boxes or headers. The spaces between the banks provide for access to the tubes through ports shown at 20, and beneath each of the banks is a pit 21, for collecting steam condensed from the gases, or the water which may be used for washing the outside of the tubes. A scraper system 22 is also provided forremoving any soot that may be deposited on the low pressure banks. The feed water enters the last bank through pipe 23, and thence passes in parallel up through the tubes of this bank to the upper headers, thence to the upper header of the next bank, down through said bank, and thence up through the third bank, nearest the high pressure stage, leaving the third bank through the pipe 24, leading to the tank 25. This tank is preferably provided'with erforated plates, from which the water owe to facilitate the disengagement and escape of air and gases from the water, such disenagement being assisted by the heating of t e water in the low pressure stage, and if desired, by maintaining a partial vacuum in the tank by any suitable means, such as.

the dry vacuum pump 26; or the-gate and be permitted to escape'through the relie valve 27. From the tank the water is led by pipe 28 to feed pump 29, by which it is forced through pipe 30 to the lower part of the high pressure stage of tho economizer. The water enters the lowermost header of the economizer, and thence flows through the inclined tubes from side to side, through successive rows, and is delivered by pipe 31 into the steam and water drum 14 of the boiler.

in the opposite walls of the setting; a

secondary superheater 13 is provided above the upper bank of water tubes, these being shown as of the same type as the lower superheater between the banks; and the Waste gases in leavin the boiler through flue 16 rise through the high pressure stage A of the economizer, and thence pass horizontally over the cast iron tubes of the low pressure B of the economizer, which is set above the boiler. In this figure, parts similar to those of F i s. 1 and 2 are marked with similar numera s with the latter a applied thereto.

It will readily be appreciated that by employing two passes in the manner ind cated in Fig. 3, a progressively decreasing flow area for the gases is secured. With the two-pass arrangement, the draft loss within the boiler setting is considerably less than would be the case if three or more passes were employed, much of the decrease in draft loss resulting from eliminating the turns made by the gases in flowing over the ends of the baifies, where the direction of the flow of the gases is vchan ed through-180. The economizer is particu arly ap llcable in conjunction with a steam boiler 0 this type, as the temperature with the proper height of boiler can be reduced to a point where the gases can be advantageously used with the economizer.

In Figure 5, I show a form similar to that of Figure 3, except. that the underfeed stoker 5 is set under'the uptake headers; the upper superheater '13 is formed of U-tubes extending Ion itudinally with the boiler tubes,while t e lower superheater 13 is formed of S-shaped tubes; and the high pressure stage A of the economizer is formed of vertically extending wrought iron or steel tubes connecting the upper and lower headers 17". In this figure, the partssimilar to those of Figure 1 are marked with similar numerals with the letter b applied.

In Figures 6 and 7, I show a form similar to that of Figure 5, except that underfeed stokers 5 are provided under both the downtake and uptake headers, giving double firing; the chamber between the two sets of tubes is not provided with a superheater and acts as a secondary combustion chamber, while a superheater l3 is placed above the upper group of boiler tubes; and a horizontal bafihng 18, extending alternately from opposite sides, is interposed in the high pressure stage of the economizer to give the gases back and forth passes therein, before they pass to the low pressure stage Ba In this form,

- of the slag will the nipples 9 are bent alternately forwardly and backwardly to provide a freer passage for the gases leaving theboiler. In this figure, parts similar to those of Figure 1 are marked with similar numerals with the letter 0 applied.

The advantages ticularly in connection with economizer practice. The two the boiler reduce the draft drop provided on the ordinary boiler of the Babcock & Wilcox type; the gases are discharged at a more convenient height for using economizers; the spacing apart of theheaders where the gases pass through the connecting nipples provides an excellent space for a superheater, and if this is not used, for a secondary combustion chamber between the banks; and the gases after passing through the lower group of tubes and being thoroughly mingled thereby, enter into secondary combustion in this chamber, this taking place whether the superheater is-present or not.

By providing a free flow area. between the lowermost tubes and the proper number of tubes in the lowermost bank, a lesser amount be deposited on the superheater, as a greater number of the fused particles of slag will be cooled in flowing through the spaces between the tubes to a degree that Wlll cause them to be solidified before they come in contact with the superheater than would be the case with a smaller flow area and an insufiicient number of rows of tubes. To secure good results, there should be at least four rows of tubes in the lowermost bank having at least twenty-five per cent of the total heating surface of the entire boiler, and the lower bank should be unobstructed by bafiies so as to provide a free flow area of the gases between the tubes and into the superheater chamber. The particular arrangement therefore makes it possible to keep the superheater free from slag and to maintain a heat than could be secured. with a lesser flow area between the tubes of the lowermost bank and a lesser number of tubes in the lowermost bank.

' The advantages derived through the form of combustion chamber shown most clearly in Fig. 1, where the gases produced through combustion flow through progressively increasing areas in traveling through the furnace from the fuel bed to the boiler tubes and contact with substantially the full length of the lowermost tubes, are that the gases are made to impinge against the low ermost boiler tubes in a reasonably uniform way throughout their length, thus distributing the heat from end to end-of the tubes and avoiding local intensification of action at certain points through a torch-like effect of the fiames. After distributing the gases that they contact of my invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and parpasses of the gases in more even degree of superend of the boiler by means of the special form of furnace so with theentire length of the lowermost tubes, thegases are directed forwardly by the roof baflle and are made to flow into the lower part of the first .pass, after which they flow through progress'i'vely decreasing areas throughout the boiler, thus imparting a maximum amount of heat to the boiler with a minimum draft drop.

taining the brickwork, as the weight of thewall in itself holds the walls in alinement and prevents the walls from bulging inward. This element is important in con- Building the -front and rear Walls Of the nection with the high capacities at which boilers and furnaces are now being operated.

The separately claimed features of my in. vention may be used in conjunction with the other features or not, as desired Many changes may be made in the form andarrangement of the boiler and its. parts, as well as the economizer and its parts, if the latter is used, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim and desire to-secure by Let. ters Patent of the United States is l. A boiler having horizontally inclined water tubes arranged in separated groups with space between the.groups, end water compartments for the respective groups, the compartments at each end being connected together, an outlet for the gases leading from one end of the boiler between the compartments connecting the groups at this end, and bafliing to direct the gases over the tubes to the outlet.

2. A boiler having water tubes arranged in spaced upper and lower groups, end compartments for the respective groups connected at one end of the boiler by nipples some of which are curved in planes substantially parallel to the water tubes, an outlet for the gases leading from the end of the boiler between the compartments of the up or and lower groups, and bafiing to direct the gases over the tubes to the outlet. I t

3. A boiler having water tubes arraiged in spaced groups, end compartments "for the respective groups connected at one by bent tubes, an outlet for the gases around said bent tubes between the. compartments connected by the bent tubes, and bafliing to direct the gases over ly and backwardly, an outletfor the gases leading from the end of the boiler between the compartments connected by the curved boiler by tubes curved alternately forward direct the gases over the tubes to the outlet.

5. In a boiler of the class described, in-

I clined water tubes arranged in two groups,

- per bank of tubes eiid compartments for the respective groups, the compartments at each end being connected to ether, ranged to direct the gases across the lower group of tubes in a single pass and across hc upper tubes in a'double pass, and an outict for the gases leading from an intermediate point of the height of the boiler between the compartments connecting the upand the compartments :onnecting the lower bank of tubes.

6. In a boiler of theclass described, inclined water tubes arranged in two groups,

and compartments for the respective groups, ihe compartments at one end being connected together by nipples, bafiiing constructed and arranged to direct the gases across the lower group of tubes in a single pass and. across ihc upper tubes in a double pass, and an outlet for the gases leading from an intermeliate point of the height of the boiler through the nipples connecting the compartments of the upper bank of tubes and the ower bank of tubes.

7. A boiler ghaving horizontally inclined tubes arranged in two separated banks, end water compartments to which the tubes are connected, said compartments being separated from each other at one end of the tubes, tubes connecting the said separated com: partments, a gas outlet opening from the. space between the separated compartments, a superheater between the banks, and bafiiing ai'ranged to direct the, gases over the tubes to the outlet.

8. In a boiler of the class described having tubes arranged in two separated blanks, upper and lower water compartments to which the tubes of the respective banks are connected, nipples connecting the upper and lower compartments at one end, a battle extending partially over the lower bank of tubes, a vertically extending bafiie connected to the first main 'bafiie and extending across the upper bank of tubes, a furnace beneath the lower bank of. tubes, and an outlet leading from the nipples connecting the upper and lower compartments at one end, the gases having an up and down pass before they reach the outlet between the end compartments.

9. In a water-tube boiler of the class described having water tubes arranged in two separated banks, upper and'lower compartments to which the tubes of the respective banks are connected, nipples connectingv the upper and lower compartments at one end, a baffle extending partially over the lower bank of tubes and leading to a vertically extending baflie, a furnace beneath the lower bank of tubes, an outlet leading from the up and down pass before bafliing constructed and arments to which the tubes of gases to a double nipples connecting the upper and lower compartments at one end, the gases having an they reach the outlet between the compartments, and a su erheater between the banks of tubes an in the up-pass of the gases.

10. A water-tube boiler having horizontally inclined water tubes, end water compartthe respective banks are connected, the tubes being arranged in separated banks, each bank beng provided with compartments, separated from the compartments of the other bank with a secondary combustion spacebetween the banks, tubes connecting the separated compartments at one end, an outlet flue leading from the space between the separated, comparti'i'ients, and baifling to cause the gases to flow parallel to the tubes along a ortion of the lowermost tubes and to con e the pass up and down across the water tubes on their way to the outlet I between the compartments.

11. A boiler of the class described having separated upper and lower banks of water tubes, end water compartments to which the tubes of the respective banks are connected, nipples curved alternately forwardly and backwardly connecting the compartments at one end, an outlet flue leading from the nipple connection, and baflling to cause the gases to flow parallel to the tubes along a portion of the lowermost tubes and to confine the gases to a double pass up and down across the water tubes on their way to the outlet.

12. A water tube boiler having front and rear vertically extending water compartments connected to two banks of horizontally inclined water tubes, the banks being spaced apart to provide a superheater chamber, said chamber having a height as great as that of a plurality of rows of water tubes of the upper bank, battling for directing the products of combustion, said baffling having a longitudinal b'afile extending from the lower ends of the tubes between intermediate rows of water tubes and above a plurality of rows thereof to expose the tubes below said baffle to the flame and gases for the major portion of their length and allowing a free unobstructed entrance of the gases to the superheater chamber at the high ends of the tubes, and an upwardly projecting bafile extending from the inner end of the horizontally extending baflle transversely of the water tubes above, the superheater, and a superheater located in said superheater chamber and having tubes with return bends within the boiler setting, the tubes extending transversely of the boiler tubes and some of said superheater tubes being located within the upper portion of said chamber to prevent short-circuiting of the gases through that part of the chamber. i

images 13; A water tube boiler having front and rear vertically extending water oompart ments connected by two banks of horlzontally inclined water tubes, the banks being spaced apart to provide a superheater chamber, said chamber having a height as great as that of a plurality of rows of water tubes of the upper bank, baffling for directing the products of combustion, said battling having a longitudinal bafile extending from the lower ends of the tubes between Intermediate rows of water tubes and-above a plurality of rows thereof to expose the tubes below said battle to the flame and gases for the major portion of their length and allowing a free unobstructed entrance of the gases to the superheater chamber at the high ends of the tubes, and an upwardly projecting bafile extending from the inner end of the hori zontally extending baflle transversely of the water tubes above the superheater and inclined to the vertical to restrict the u ward flow of the ases above the horiaonta ly ex tending ba e, and a superheater located in said superheater chamber and having tubes with return bends within the boiler setting, the tubes extending transversely of the boiler tubes and some of said superheater tubes being located within the upper portion of said chamber to prevent short-circuitin of the gases through that art of the chem er.

14. A water tube boi er having front and rear vertically extending water compartments connected by two banks of horizontally inclined water tubes, the banks being spaced apart to provide a superheater chamber,-said chamber having a height as great as that of a plurality of rows of water tubes of the upper bank, a combustion chamber located below and extending substantially the entire length of the water tubes, underfeed forced-blast stoker mechanism in the lower part of said combustion chamber,

baiflin'g for directing the products of com-.4

bustio'n, said bafiling having a longitudinal bafiie extending from the lower end of the tubes between intermediate rows ofYwater.

tubes and above a plurality of rows thereof to expose the tubes below said bafiie to the flame and gases for the major portion of their length and allowing a free unobstructed entrance of the gases to the superheater chamber at the high ends of the tubes, an upwardly projecting baflie extending from the inner end of the horizontally extending bafile transversely of the water tubes above the superheater, and 'a superheater located in said superheater chamber and having tubes with return bends within the boiler setting, the tubes extending transversely of.

the boiler tubes. and some of said superheater tubes being located withinthe upper portion of saidrchamber to prevent shortcircui-tin of the gases through that part of the chem r.

15. Awateratube boiler having front and rear vertically extending water compartments iconnected by two banks of hor1z'on tally inclined water tubes, the banks being spaced apart to provide a superheater chamher, said chamber having a height as great as that of a plurality of rows of water tubes of the upper bank, bafiing for directlng the products of combustion, said battling having a longitudinal batile extending from the lower ends of the tubes between intermediate rows of water tubes and above a plurality of rows thereof to expose the tubes below said battle to the flame and gases for the major portion of their length and allowing a' free unobstructed entrance of the gases to the superheater chamber at the 'high ends of the tubes, an upwardly projecting bafifle extending from the inner end of the horizontally extending bafile transversely of the water tubes above the ,superheatcr and inclined to the vertical and banks of horizontally inclined water tubes, the banks being" spaced apart to provide a superheater chamber, said chamber having a height as great as that of a plurality of rows of water tubes of the upper bank, bafiiing for directing the products of combustion, said baflling having a horizontal baflie extending from the lower ends of the tubes between intermediate rows of water tubes and above a plurality of rows thereof to expose them to the flame and gases for the major portion of their length and allowing a free unobstructed entrance of the gases to the superheater chamber at the high ends of the tubes, an upwardly projecting bafile extending from the inner end of the horizontally extending baflle transverselyof the water tubes above the superheater chambar, and a superheater located in the-superheater chamberv and having transverse tubes with return bends" extending from inlet and outlet headers on both sides of the boiler, some of the superheater tubes being within the u per portion of said chamber to preort-circuiting of the gases within the first up-pass of the ases through the boiler.

17. A water tube oiler having front and rear water compartments connected by two vent "banks of horizontally inclined water tubes,

the banks being spaced a art to provide a superheater chamb r, sai chamber having rat a height as great as that of a pluralityof rows of water tubes of the upper bank, bafiling for directing the roducts of combustion, said baming havmg .a horizontal baflle extending from the lower ends of the tubes between intermediate rows of water tubes to expose them to the flame and gases for the ma'or portion of their length and allowing a ree unobstructed entrance of the gases to the superheater chamber at the high ends of the tubes, an upwardly projecting baflle extending from the inner end of the horizontally extending baflle transversely of the water tubes above the superheater cham her and inclined to the vertical to restrict the u ward flow of ases above the horizonta y extending ba e, and a superheater located in the superheater chamber and havingtransverse tubes with return bends extendin from inlet and outlet headers on both sldes of the boiler.

18. In a. water tube boiler of the class described, horizontally inclined water tubes' tire length, and a bafie extending from the have? lower parts of the lower group of tubes upward-1y and iorwardly and inclined to the vertical across the chamber between thegroups of tubes and having an extension within the upper group of water tubes.

19. In a water tube boiler of the class described, horizontally inclined water tubes arranged in two groups spaced apart to 7 -'lower parts of the lower group of tubes upwardlyand forwardly and inclined to the vertical across the chamber betwteen the groups of tubes and having an'extension within the upper group of water'tubes, said extension within the upper group of water tubes forming an angle with that portion of the bafie extending across the chamber withinthe group of tubes. 0

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- DAVID S. JACOBUS.

Witnesses:

EDITH CA P, JOHN A. W. DIXON.

Images