US1462695A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

July 24, 1923-- c. C. HANsoN ET AL COMPRESSOR i Filed May 13, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /Maf Patented'july 24, 1923. y 1

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES C. HANSON AND JOHN TWARDOWSKY, OE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS, RY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, To UNIVERSE CORPORATION, OE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A

CORPORATION OFILLIIQTQIS.'`

i COMPRESSOR.

Application filed May 13, 1921. Serial Ndl 469,110.

To all whom t may concern.' y

Be it knoivn that We, CHARLES C. HANSON, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and JOHN TWARDOWSKY, a citizen of Russia, both residing at Chicago,'in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new andk useful Improvements in a Compressor; and We .do yhereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eXact description of the invention, such as Will enable others Skilled in the art to Which it appertains to `make and use the same.

Our invention relates to compressors of the gener-al class employed for compressing easily manufactured valve for controlling the discharge ofthe compressed gas and aims to mount this valve so' that it Will automatically be Operated by pressure "Odifferences. In this aspect, our invention aims to employ the head of the compressor cylinder as the valve,laims to provide an'eX- ceedingly simple and substantially frictionvless mounting for such a valve member, and

` aims to utilize particles of the gas fory cushioning this valve member s o astoeliminate both jarring and noises. Furthermore, our invention aims to provide a valve member (desirablyas a combined cylinder head and movable valve member) Whichl Will' not require highly exact machining and Which Will afford the required yspaces for such cushioning particles of the gas. v f

In still another aspect, our invention aims to provide an unusuallyfcompact mounting for the cooling chamber employed `for cooling the compressedgaa'and for this purpose aims lto provide amounting secured directly lto the cylinder of the compressor'and serving also as a guide and stop for thefvalve yof the compressor. l

Stillfurther and also more detailed ob- .jects Will appear from the following specii'ication and from the accompanying dra-W- ing, in Whichi Fig. l is a vertical section through a compressor embodying our invention, takeny along the aXis of the compressorr` cylinder' and at right angles to the shaft of the compressor. Fig. 2 is a section taken at right angles t0 Fig. l but Ona reduced scale. n

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section similar tothat of Fig. I and showing another meth- `od of carrying out that part of our invention which relates to the reducing of leakage'lpast the piston of the compressor.

Fig-.4 is a section similar to Fig?) but taken With the piston near the point at which itaffords the maximum compression.

In the embodiment of Figs. l and 2, the compressor of our invention includes a compression cylinder IWhich iS desirably cast integral With the crank chamber f2 and flange 3 arranged for bolting a` cap casting l to the top of the cylinder. Bolted to the crank housing 2 is a head 5 carrying a tubular bearing 6 Which extends beyond the inner and outer faces of the head 5 andin which the Crank shaft 7 is journaled. To secure an adequate bearing for this crank shaft, I. desirably make the bore ofthe bearing tube 6 considerably larger in diameter4 than the shaft 7 and employr this tube as the bearing for a casting 8 which has the crank pin 9 integral with the same and Which has a portion 10 of the casting extendingthrough a transverse bore in the shaft 7. In making the parts for this purpose, the shaft 7 first has this transverse bore drilled through it near one end .of the shaft and is then set into the mold employed for making the casting 8, so vthat the connectingv portion 10 vvil'l be ,cast through the said bore as an integral part of the crank pin ca sting and hence Will securely anchor this casting to the shaft.

.At the other'end of the' bearing tube 6, the shaft 7 is here shown as journaled in a bushing 1l threaded into thefsaid tubeas shown in Fig. 2. This bushing 1l desirably hasl a counterbored end directed tovvards the inner end of the shaft and opposed to the correspondingly shaped end of f vvhich is equipped at its upper end With a l ing movement is desirably imparted to the sleeve 12 by a spring 1li bearing at its other end against a ring 15 which is secured to the bearing tube 6 by screws 16.

The sha'l't 7 also desirably has a pair of grooves disposed between the members 12 and 13 and spaced by a collar 17 so as to cooperate with the spring-pressed movement of the sleeve 12 in reducing leakage along the shalt, after the `manner disclosed more fully in our copending application #477,252 as tiled June 18, 1921 on a stuffing box.

The cylinder 1 i-s desirably ground to an accurate cylindrical boire nicely li'tting the simple `cylindrical surface of .the piston 1S, this pist-on being here shown as hollow and as connected by a pin 19 to the connecting rod 20` which is pivoted at its other end on the crank pin 9. rlhe cylinder 1 has at one side an inlet 21 threaded vtor direct connection to the inlet pipe 22 through which the compressible gas or other tluid is supplied, the connection between the cylinder and this inlet being so positioned that it will be substantially uncovered when the piston is at its,` lowerniost point .of travel as shown in Fig. 1 but will be entirely closed as soon as the piston has moved for `some dista-nce towards the head 23 the cylinder.

lith the parts thus arranged and with anyv suitable check valve arrangement at the head of the cylinder, it will 'be obvious thata movement of the piston from the position of Fig. 1 to that oflI 2 will ailord a coinsiderab'le compression `of the gas in the cylinder. rllhe resulting pressure will therefore tend to force a portion of this gas alongside the piston 18 into the cran z casing 2, and in practice we have found that with the leakage of gas from the crank chamber -2 retarded by such va stulling box arrangement as thato'lillig. 2, the resulting pressure within the crank casing would soon reach a considerable amount. `Consequently 1there will be an undesirable tendency towards a leakage of gas from the crank chamber. To avoid this, we desirably provide simple means for causing the major portion of the gas which Aleaks bythe side oit the. piston to return to the inlet .ol `the cylinder. For this purpose,` we preferably provide the bore .of the cylinder i with an enlargement in the form of a groove i23 having a relatively Vsmall portion vthereof opening into the inlet 21 and having its major portion continuously closed by the exterior of the piston 18.

This pack-v Thus arranged, it will be obvious trom Figv 2 that whatever gas leaks along the surface ol' the piston from the closed end ot the latter will find a vent through the groove 23 into the inlet 21. Consequently, at the time of greatest compression, the leakage past the cylinder will spend itself mainly in returning some of the compressed gas to the inlet, while the pressure difference between the inlet and the interior ol the crank casing will be too small to force any appreciable amount of gas through into the crank casing. `Hence, instead of having the pressure within the crank casing reach or even exceed half ot' the maxim un compression within the cylinder, the simple groove arrangement as above described enables us to reduce the pressure within the crank casing to only a iew per cent o't the said maximum compression. This in turn reduces the power required forreturning the piston on its down stroke and also cooperates with the above described stulling box arrangement in reducing the leakage` along the shank T to a substantially negligible quantil instead of employing a rigid cylinder head and a spring-pressed checl; valve of the usual type which requires a highly accurate grinding of the cooperating parts and close attention to` keep i-t in proper working order, we desirably Ina-ke the head .of the compressor cylinder movable and ineke this head v241; function as the movable viz, .ve member also. For this purpose, we bolt a flange fl Yof a cap member to the flange 3 at the up per end of the compression cylinder by screws 26, desirably interposing a layer of a suitable packing (such as tin foil) lor preventing leakage between these flanges. This lange forms the outer rirn o't' a cap 28 overhang-ing the -end of the cylinder and having integral with this cap a Adownwardly `directed boss 294 .extending to within very small distance of the movable cylinder-head 24 so as :to serve asa stop for limitingthe upward movement ot this cylinder head. The boss or stop portion 29,' has a central and vertical bore 30 affording an outlet lor the conipressed gas delivered into -the interior olf the cap 28, and has threaded into it an elbow `31 which affords a connection from this outlet bore 30 of they bushing to a coil of piping 32 leading to an .outlet nipple 33 shown in Fig. `2.

Instead of employing metal for the cylinder head 24C, we desirably Vmake the latter of a relatively softer material, suc-h as vulcanized fibenand dcsirably make this head of an outs-ide diameter Asulticiently smaller than the borefol' the flange e so .that it will be freely guided by this bore without .re-

quirng an accurate machining or involving an appreciable amount of noise or friet-ion. Furthermore, we desirably taper the head 24 towards its upper edge as shown in the compressed gas towards the bore 3010i the boss on thecap member. f

By using a liberv head 24 of a thickness approaching thevertical distance between the extreme upper end of the cylinder and the bottom of the ,boss29 we can limitthe movement of the said head to ka quite small of the same and limitingth'e flow of gas under and over thishead to passages which are almost capillary. Consequently, the compressed fluid discharged intothe inte rior of the cap28 when thehead 24 yisfraised will not be abler to flow into theoutlet bore as rapidlly7 as it reaches'the interior of the cap past the extreme periphery .ofthe fiber head, and will present a cushion of compressed air between theboss 29 and thehead 24 which will cooperate with the residual pressure withinthe cap 28 in preventing ay the fiber headwhen lifted. So 'also,in casev dirt or chips should get into the cylinder,

these are apt to be pounded into the body of the fiber by the` upand ydown movement of the fiber head, so thatsuch solid impuri ties will not interfere materially with a proper working of `the `movable head in its function of a valve.

Besides affording a receiving chamber for the compressed gas and a stop for limiting the movement of the cylinder head, the cap member of ourcompressor also desirably supports a casing 33 which freely houses a coil 32 of piping. Thispiping can be cooled continually by water admitted throughan` inlet 34 and passing around the piping and the cap 28 to an outlet 35, thereby cooling the gas which had become heated kwhilebe-v ing compressed and also cooling the cap into which the compressed Huid'. is first dis-` charged from the compressor cylinder. For these cooling purposes, we desirably provide the casing 33 with ran annular ange 36 adapted to be secured to theange 4 of the cap member by screws 37 extending through a metal ring 38. the joint between the anges 4 and 36 being sealed by a rubber packing ring 39, By thus utilizing .the cylh inder of the compressor as a direct support for the cooling chamber, we are enabled to produce an easily constructed, simple and;

from v4the spiritv of our invention.

compact rarrangement. particularly desirable in certain types of compressors suchl as those designed for use inconnection hold' refrigerators. l f Froml-the above 'it willl readily be seen that the novel featuresnofour simple con- `with house# struction 1 accomplish highly desirable ren sults: l distance, thereby reducing4 the momentum v1. By employing-the ycylinder head itself as the check valvey of the compressor, We reducey the number of required parts, en tirely eliminate the need of any spring in connection with the valve and permit an eX- ceedingly cheap construction. y 2. By dishargingk the compressed Huid first into the chamber over the .cylinder head, we allow this charge of fiuid to flow gradually into the piping of the system while thepiston is making the major portion of a complete reciprocation, thereby steadying the flow of compressed-fluid.

3. By using a movable valve member of `large diameter and correspondinglyv large stops for limiting the movemnet of this member, we reduce the wear due to the pounding and also kreduce the movement required for this valve member. Y 1

k4. By employing vulcanized fibre vorthe like for this combined 'cylinder head and movable valve member, Wey greatly reduce both the noise andy the possibility of trouble due to dirt, soot, or the like. l y i '5. By grooving' eitherthe cylinder or the piston we avoid any considerable loss of the fluid `past the piston.

` 6. By using the cap 28 also as part of the y cooling chamber we secure an exceedingly ,inexpensive and compact cooling arrangementy and one in which the cooling water simultaneously cools the fluid in the piping 82, the cap 28 and the fluid within the said cap. i f

,.However, while we have heretofore described our invention in a desirable embodimentcombining various novel features, we

do not wish to be limited to the combination of all/of these novel features, nor to the details of construction and arrangement as above disclosed, since various modifications mightl obviously be made without departing Forexample, Figs. 3 and 4 show a cylinder and ypiston arrangement in which the leakage-retarding groove is transferred from the cylinder to the piston. being in the yformV of a ygroovev 40 formed in the periphery of the piston at a height which will cause this groove to open into the inlet 21 when the piston is at or near its uppermost position. This groove-arrangement will also provide karrangementk of Figs. l and 2 since the groove will afford the connection to the inlet only when the ,piston near: the top of its tr-avel.- Moreover, ,the arrangement of Figs. 3 and t Will bernore likely to carry voil into the inlet, it being desirable to, lfill the oranlteasing 2 toal considerable erteilt with oil. So also, we do not wish to he limited to the use or" our compressor in conneet-ion with a refrigerating apparatus. I

le claim as our invention :v

l. In a compressor, a cylinder, ,aeap` elosfY ing one` end thereof', and a `CylinderA head positioned within the cap with freedom for slight movement in all directions,y the cap having),- a. head-moyement-stopping portion in axial Aalinement with the Cylinder andl an outlet here extending` through the said stopping` portion` 2. In a eompressoiya cylinder, a. caol closingl one end thereof, and a cylinder head positioned Within the cap with freedom lor f slight nioxenient axially of they cylinder, the cap having integral therewith a bore portion laterally guiding the cylinder head and a boss axial of the cylinder for limiting the movement of thev head away Vfrom thee 7linder, the said boss havingaxial boi' atfording the outlet for the compressed fluid from the cap. y

3. In a compressor, a .eylindeig a Cap Close ingone end thereof, and a .cylinder head positioned Within tlre .cap with freedom 'for slight movement axially of the cylinder, the eap haring a bore portion laterally Quiding the Cylinder head and a boss axial of the cylinder for limiting` the movement of e the head ,away from the Cylinder, the part .of the cap `Connecting theA said boss and here portion being formed for affording; a oompressed gas4 'reeeiiging chamber of relatitely large size in proportion tothe outlet of @he hamberl. In a compressor, a cylinder', a cap closing one. end thereof, a cylinder head positioned Within .the Cap vwith Jfreedom for slight movement in all. directions, `thev cap having a Y'head-movement:stopping portion in axial alinement with the cylinder, a cover carried, by the cap and Cooper-ating with the latter to apford a Cooling chamber, and an outlet pipe disposed in the cooling chatnber andiconnecfted to the interior ,of the Cap through a here in the llatter substantially axial of the cylinder.

5. ln a compressor, a cylinder, a cap elgosing one end thereof, a cylinder head positioned Within `the cap With freedom for slight movement in all directions, means Wit-hin the cap for limiting the moyement of the cylinder head away from the. cylinder, and a cooling: chamber vcarried by the cap and connected thereto through the said means. f i

.6. In a Compressor, a cylinder, a cap, closing one end thereof, cylinder headA positioned within the cap with, ueedorrry for slight movement in all directions, an outer Casing Carried bythe Cap and freely hous- ,ing the ,cylin .d,er liead-inclosing portion of the cap to afford a cooling-,chamber therebetween, piping disposed inthe said .Chamber and eonneetedto the ,interior of ,the eap` and means vfor eirfeulating a, eooling,` liquid through the said chamber.

Signed at Chieago, Illinois, May 10th, 1921.V

orninnns` o. Her-tseu. ,tenu TWARJQOWSKY.

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