US1358241A - Wrench - Google Patents

Description

v B. H. PARKER.

WRENCH.

APPLl'cATlN mep APM. 1920.

INVEN'TOR @ur/7 wpa/"fg," BY A ATTORNEYS UNITED STAT BURTON H.. PARKER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

WRENCH.

Application led April 2,

' 10 all whom t may con-061% 4 Be it known that I, BURTON H. PARKER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in IVrenches, of which the following is a speci ication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. j

This invention relates to improvements in wrenches.

The present invention is designed more particularly for use under conditions where the work engaging faces of the jaws are approximately parallel dto each other under service conditions the construction being such that these opposing faces are out of such approximate parallelism when the wrench is inactive, the movement of the handle in setting' the jaws to the work bringing the jaws to this approximate parallel relation; as a result, the outer ends of the jaws are normally spacedjapart a greater distance than the inner ends, this being varied by the movement of the handle memberrin applying the jaws to the work. j

Another feature of the present invention is the fact that both of the jaw members are movable in applying the jaws to the work, the movement being preferably such as to cause the opposing faces to approach each other. In the particular embodiment shown this resultl is obtained by mounting one of the jaw members pivotally so as to provide a rocking action, the other jaw member being fulcrumed in such manner that the jaw member will` swing on the arc of the circle bodily, the two jaw members being preferably operatively connected in such manner that movements of theV jaw members are concurrent, one member moving pivotally and the other swinging in its are. In addition, the arrangement is such that the swinging member is adjustable to and from the pivoted jaw, the adjustment being provided without affecting this operative connection between the jaws.

Further objects of the invention are to provide a construction which is simple,1 and efficient in operation, durable in construction and which .can be manufactured ata rela`- tively low cost.

An additional object is the, provision of a wrench of this type which operates with equal elficie'ncy whether employed as a wrench, or ask a. pair' of; Filieral the, construe Specification of Letters Patent.V

Patented N ov. 9,1920.Y 1920. serial No. 370,673.

tionbeing such that by the simple adjustment of the swinging jaw, the two jaws can be brought into position to act as pliers.

To these and other ends, the nature of which will be readily understood, as the invention is hereinafter disclosed, said invention consists in the improved construction and combination of parts, hereinafter kfully described and illustrated in the accompany ing drawings, and more` particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, inl which similar reference characters indicate similar partsin each of the views,

Figure l is a side, elevation ofa wrench structure embodying features of the present invention;

F 2 is a top plan viewof the same;

41g. partly in elevation, one of the side plates of the wrench omitted.

In the drawings, l0, l0, indicate a pair of side plates spaced apart by a handle member l1 mounted between the plates and which" is secured in position by the use of suitable securing means, such as bolts or screws l2 which extend from lone plate to the otherand through the forward portion of the handle member ll. Each plate, adjacent its forward end, is provided with a slot or cut away portion 10a. The handle member ll Vhas a portion projectingrearwardly from the end between the plate and this projecting portion provides the gripping portion of the handle, this handle member l1 being practically a fixed handle in that it has no movement relative to the side plates 10.

The forward portion of handle member 1l is located substantially at the bottom'of the side plates, and the space between the plates above this portion of the handle. member 11 receives the major portion of the remainder ofthe mechanism. For instance, at the top of this spaceV is pivotally'secured thel pivoted jaw. member 13, the pivot 14 of which extends through the side plates 10 and the jaw member 13. The forward portion 'of member 13 is provided with a gripping face 13a, while the rear portion is providedjwith a face 13b which is adaptedto coact with a cam face 1 5a carriedby the pivoted or mov'- ablfe handle member l5, the pivot of which alsov extends. between the side plates.. This cam face lji, which is carriedby what may betermed the toe of the handle,is located 3 1s a view, partly in section and' withintheracsbetweenthe tvelsdepltes .tain it in. 4contact.with'face 15?, while Vpivot ccuntercloclrwise in Fig. 3.

-sition, thus tending to .to `hold the wrench `being substantially side plates'v 10, the two studs 11 10. Faces 13b and 15 are normally held in contact by a springf'16 mounted on a stud 17 which extends between the plates` 10, said spring having one end engaging a toe 13G of member 1S, and spring engaging the toe 15" ot handle member 15, the spring ser/vingto tend to rocl: member 13 on the pivot in a directi to re! opposite endet the spring tends to retain the handlemember 15` in its open or inactive "position,

As will be understood, movement, of lianlemember 15 toward member 11, will cause face 1 a to ride against i'acel?)b with the result that Ymember 13 will be roclred Von its lt is pre erred thatftaceplarbe so arranged es to provide for a gradual decrease in litt as handle member 15 approaches itsclosed podecrease' the eiiect of pressure at the worlr faces. ot the' jaws on the handle in such manner aswould tend to open the latter while the worlr is being` engaged; the slow rise provided as the'handle approaches the closed positienpermits or maximum power being exerted on the gripping faces with a comparatively amount ot pressure on the handle, thus enabling therwrench to be operated without tiring thehands of the` operator attempting `T he complemental j aw member,'indicated at 18is mounted on'a support 19 which is inthe `form cfa threaded element which lies in that portion oiE the wrench corresponding to the open spaces 10' of the side plates. The lower end oi member 19 is' provider with an enlarged head 19", preferably milled on its periphery, this head projecting outwardly of the side plates, so'as .to provide for an exposed portion by meansot` which n the member may be readily rotated by the operator. Y Y.

The lower end oit-member 19 is provided with avrecess 19b extending axially inward from the lower 'r'ace of the member, the recess 19.b being adapted to receive a stud 11ay carried by thefhandle member 11, Ysaid stud projectingupwardly and Vbeing preferably formed semi-spherical,

have other configurations suitable :tor he purpose presently described. The opposite end of member 1,9 is also'provided with an axially extendingrecess 19C, this recess being adapted to receive a stud 13d carried by member 13, stud 13d also being morevor less rounded as is stud 11a. Therecess 19, is. o' greater Vdepth than thelength or stud 13d, a spring 2O being mounted within the recess 19, and `adapted to abut the end or studv 13d, this spring serving to retain member 19 practically seated on stud 11?, member 19 free from support by the and 13",

rlarged intermediate portion, Vis'provided with a threaded opening adaptan opposite end oi' the ed to thread upon the threaded member 19,

l a similar direction; and since in its gripping position.

although it may fis in-'the direction of stud 11a.

serving to position the member and provide vfor the movements to be presently described. The jaw member 18 is provided with an enwhich portion theenlargedportions of member 1S projecting into the open spaces'lCfL of the side plates, the rear of the member 18 projecting rearwardly between the side plates, so .that ,member 18 will travel lengthwise oit member 19 without deviating from the general plane of travel, this movement of meinber 18 being provided by rotating member 19. l

As heretofore pointed out, the two jaw members are, 4in the present instance, designed to be both movable in setting the gripping faces on the work. ylhis result is obtained through theuse or recess 19 and stud 13a,it being readily understood that it member 13 is moved countercloclrwise in Fig. 3 in setting its. gripping rpace to `the work, stud 13d will be moved rearwardly in the. stud contacts the walls of recess 19, the member 19 will be swung rearwardly with studlla as ment occurs. As a result member 18 is swung lbodily on this ulcrum, its gripping tace thus being Y 18 to moverma direction `to open when applied to the worlr tends toswing member 19 to a positiony having its axis corresponding to. such line, in which positiomthe member 18 extends at substantially a right angle to such line. Y i y Owingto t -e presence otspring 20, the member 19 isvprevented from any binding action, and `at the same time provides :tor a maximum strength condition of servicev in that the pressure application on member 19 which contacts with the bottom of recess 19a. f

Another advantage'lies in the tact that since both or" the jaw members are movable vtoward each other, a materially less length ojl movement of handle 15 is required in setting or releasingjthe jaws.

As vwill be understood, the Y, arrangement is exceedingly simple, being oriew parts,

which this swinging movesembled, no weakening structures being "necessaryin order to produce theresult.

Member 18, in Fig. '1, as shown in dotted lines, is in a position 'which it occupies when used as a wrench. In thisfigure the full line position illustrates the `closed position of the jaws when member 18 isinoved to the upper end of member 19, it being seen that inthis position there is provided a plier formation really superior to that ofordinary pliers in which the two members `are mountedon a common pivot. Fig. 3 illustrates the same position with the jaws open, the pivotal movement of jaw 13 and swinging movement of jaw 18 shownin Fig. l providing a resultant movement of the two gripping faces such as to provide for parallelism as in F ig. l. It has been found in service, that in the position shown in Fig. 1, an absolutegrip can be placed upon thin materials such as a sheet of paper.

While I have herein shown and described a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be readily understood that variations and changes therein may be found desirable or essential in meeting the necessities of use, and I desire to be understood as reserving the right to maire any and all such changes and modifications as may be found desirable or necessary in so far as the same may fall within the spiritand scope of the invention as expressed in the accompanying claims when broadly construed.

YW hat I claim is y l. In a tool having `opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a jaw pivoted on a fixed axis, a complemental jaw supported to swing relative to an axis extending parallel to the pivotof the other jaw, and means whereby said aws will be moved on their pivots in applying the jaws to the worl.

2. In a tool having opposing jaw members for eilig-aging the work, a jaw pivoted on a fixed axis, a complemental jaw supported to swing relative to an axis extending parallel to the pivot of the other jaw,

and means whereby said jaws will be moved i on their pivots in applying the jaws to the work, said jaws being operatively connected to cause pivotal movement of one jaw by the similar movement of the other jaw.

3. In a tool. having opposing jaw meinbers for engaging the work, a jaw pivoted on a fixed axis, a complemental jaw supported to swine` relative to an anis extending parallel to the pivot of the other jaw, and means whereby said jaws will be moved on their pivots in applying the jaws to the work, said jaws being operatively connected to cause pivotal movement of one jaw by the similar movement of the other jaw, said means including a handle member operative to provide the pivotal movement of the latter jaw.

In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pivoted jaw member, a pivoted handle having a face second jaw into and out operative to produce pivotal movement of such member` by handle movement, a second jaw, and a support forthe latter jaw, said support being fulcrumed to cause the sup,- port axis to extend inthe direction of the pivot of the jaw member, said fulcruming of the supportl permitting swinging of the of work-engaging position.

5. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pivoted jaw member, a pivoted handle having a face operative to produce piv `tal movement of such member by handle movement, a second jaw, and a support for the latter jaw, said support being fulcrumed to cause the support axis to extend in the direction of the pivot of the jaw member, said fulcruming of the support permitting swinging of the second jaw into and out of work-engaging position, the length of swinging movement being controlled by the movement of the pivoted jaw member.

6. In a tool having opposing jaw members engaging the work, a pivoted aw member, a pivoted handle having a face operative to producel pivotal movement of such member by handle movement, a and a support for the latter jaw, said supportr being fulcrumed to cause the support axis to extend in the direction of the pivot of the jaw member, said fulcruming of the support permitting swinging of the second jaw into and out of work-engaging,position, the pivoted jaw member and said support being operatively connected to provide concurrent movement thereof to and from such work-engaging position.

T, In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pair of jaws having worloengaging faces, one of said jaws being mounted for pivotal movement on an axis located at an intermediate point in its direction of length, the other jaw member being mounted to swing bodily relative to the pivot of the first jaw, said jaws being operatively connected to produce the respective pivotal and swinging movements concurrently.

8. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pair of jaws having work-engaging faces, one of said jaws being mounted for pivotal movement on an aXis located at an intermediate. point in its direction of length, the other jaw member being mounted to swing bodily relative to the pivot of the first jaw, said jaws being operatively connected to produce the respective pivotal and swinging movements concurrently, and a plvoted handle for moving the pivoted 9. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pair of jaws having work-en aging faces, one of said jaws being mounts for pivotal movement on an axis second j aw, Y

tion ot length, the other jaw member located at an intermediate point in its direcbeing mounted to swing bodily relative to the pivot of the rst jaw', said jaws connected to produce the respective pivotal and swinging movements concurrently, and a pivoted handle having a cam face adapted to coperate with the pivoted in applying the jaws to the worlr. l Y

10. v for engaging the work, a paii oi jaws having work-engaging faces, one of said jaws being mounted 'for pivotal movement on an axis located at an intermediate point in its directionoi lengtli,the et ier jaw memberbeing mounted to swing bodily relative to the pivot of the first jaw, said jaws being operatively connected to produce the pivotal and swinging movements 'concurrently, a pivoted handle having a cam face adapted to coperate with the pivoted jaw in applying the jaws to the work, and ,a spring for maintaining an and cam-tace contact. Y

11. ln a tool havin Y opposing jaw members for engaging the worlr, a pivoted jaw, a ulcrumed rotatable threaded member having its axis extending in a direction 'toward saidj aw pivot, said jaw and member having cooperative means whereby movements oi the jaw will'provide swinging movement ofi the member, anda jaw memberthreaded on to said threaded member, and shiitable toward and from the pivoted jaw by the rotatable movement of the threaded member'.

12. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engaging the work, a pivoted jaw, Y

a rotatable threaded member having its ams extending in a direction toward said jaw adapted to y work being operatively v in a tool having opposite jaw members Y respective l pivot, said threaded member having an axial recessv and said pivoted jaw having a stud in said recess to cause jaw movements to swing the threaded member on a iulcrum, said ulcrum. and a jawmember threaded on to the threaded member and adjustable toward and rom the pivotedjaw by the rotatable movements of the threaded member. v Y

13. In a tool having opposing jaw members for engagingthe work, a pair of side plates having alined openings, a jaw pivotally mounted between said plates, means tor providing such pivotal movements, a stud iixedly positioned between said plates, a rotatable threaded element fulcrumed on said stud and extending toward the pivoted jaw, said member having an axial recess, a stud carried by the pivoted jaw and extending into said recess, whereby jaw movements will swing said member on its iulcrum, and a jaw member threaded on to the threaded member and mounted between said plates,l said jaw member being adjustable toward the pivoted jaw by rotation of" the threaded member.

lll.. A tool as in claim 13, characterized in thatV the adjustable jaw :extends into the openings of the side plates.

15. A tool as in claim 1S, characterized by a spring between the pivoted jaw stud and the threaded member operative to retain the threaded member in position relative to its fulcrum stud. f

ln testimony whereof I 'ax my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

BURTON H.' PARKER.

"Witnesses:

Alviva M'. Donn, Holman Gr. Snrrz.

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