US1215013A - Tumbler-lock. - Google Patents

Description

G. FISCHER. TUMBLER LOCK.V

APPLICATION FILED A UG.?. 1916.

1,21 5,01 3. Patented 1Gb. 1917.

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GEORGE B. FcHEFQ G. B. FISCHER.

TUMBLER LOCK.

APPLxcAIxoN FILED AUGJ. 1916.

,2 E. 5,@1 3. Patented. Feb. 6, 1917.

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GEORGE B. FISCHER, OF EAST CHICAGO, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO EDWARD A. MUIA, OF EAST CHICAGO, INDIANA.

TUMBLER-LOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patenten ren. e, iai r.

Application filed August 7, 1916. Serial No. 113,577.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE B. FISCHER, a citizen of the United States, residing at East Chicago, in the county of Lake and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tumbler- Locks, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to locks and latches and particularly to locks in which the bolt is held in a projected position by means of a tumbler, which tumbler must be disengaged from the bolt in order that the bolt may be withdrawn.

The primary object of my invention is the provision of a lock of this character which is adapted to be operated by a vkey having a bit formed in sections relatively l shiftable with relation to each other so that in order to retract the bolt, the bit sections must be shifted into one position, and in order to project the bolt, the bit sections must be shifted into another position.

A further object of this invention is to so form a lock constructed as above described that certain members, if the bit sections are not properly shifted, will engage with the bit and absolutely prevent the rotation of the key, but which members, when the bit sections are properly shifted, will not engage the bit, but the bit will be permitted to shift the bolt.

A further object is to provide a lock of this character in which the bit sections of the key, unless properly adjusted will not retract the bolt for the reason that thesebit sections will not engage the locking tumbler, it being necessary to shift the bit sections to proper position in order to disengage this locking tumbler from the bolt.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved means for shifting the latch bolt as distinguished from the locking bolt and provide means for automatically locking the latch bolt in its projected position when the locking bolt is projected so that the door is locked by two bolts.

fr further object is the provision of a key having apparently an ordinary form-but in which the bit sections are relatively adjustable by longitudinally shifting an actuating rod.

Other objects will appear in the course of the following` description.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a face view of the lock with the bolt retracted, the bit being in section, the parts being in such a position that the lotlt cannot be projected by turning the Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the bit end of the key, showing the position of the bit sections as used in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a like view to Fig. 1, but showing the lock projected and showing the parts in such a position that the bolt cannot be retracted by the key;

Fig. 4 `is a like view to Fig. 2, but showing the position of the bit sections where the key is used as in Fig. 8;

Fig. 5 is an elevation of the lock and lock case, showing a portion of the outer face plate, but showing the manner in which the locking bolt is retracted by the key, Fig. 6 showing an elevation of the bit end of the key with the bit sections arranged to unlock the bolt;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary elevation showing the action of the key when the bolt is being projected;

Fig. 9 is an elevation of the bit end of the key showing the bit sections as arranged for projecting the bolt;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the means for actuating one of the tumblers;

Fig. 11 is a face view of one of the tumbler actuating members 4:7;

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the key to be used with the lock.

rlhe lock casing 1()l is of ordinary form andy has a removable face plate 11, shown in Fig. 5. -Mounted for reciprocative movement in the upper end vof the lock casing is a latch bolt 12 which is formed with a longitudinally extending slot 18 widened at its rear end. -The rear extremity of the bolt is laterally thickened as at 14 for engagement by the free end of the spring 15, this spring being approximately V-shaped, being held in position by a screw 16 and having its rear leg bearing against the lock casing. The forward and rear legs of the spring are do-ubled and these arms are connected by means of clips 17.

Passing through the enlarged portion of the slot 13 is a barrel 18 and passing through is urged upward.

this barrel is a square shank 19 upon which the knobs or handles 20 are mounted, it being understood, of course, that there are two handles or knobs on opposite sides of the door, one of these being shown in Fig 5. The barrel 18 is provided with a laterally projected arm 21 having a pin 22, and mounted upon the forward end of the latch bolt is a pin 23. A link 24, which is slotted at .its extremities, connects the pin 22 to the pin 23, as illustrated clearly in Fig. 1, and it is thus obvious that when the shank 19 is rotated, the arm 21 will draw upon the link 24 and shift the .latch bolt. The knob may be turned in either direction to secure the retraction of the bolt and the projection of the bolt is secured by the spring 15. A dead latch 25 is pivotally mounted upon a screw 26 in the upper portion of the casing, this dead latch having an extremity 27 adapted to engage behind a shoulder formed on the latching bolt when the dead latch is depressed. A spring 28 acts to urge this dead latch upward, this spring being mounted upon a post 29 and passing over a post 30, or stud projecting` from the face of the plate of the casing. 'l` he dead latch is formed with an arm 31 slotted at and projecting up through a slot in the A detent 33 is pivoted upon the casing, this detent having a linger piece 34 and having a lug 35 adapted to engage in the slot 32 when the dead latch is depressed as illustrated in Fig. 1.

Slidingly mounted in the lower portion of the casing is a locking bolt 36 which is longitudinally slotted at 37 and has sliding movement upon a screw pin 38 projecting from the face of the casing. The rear end of this locking bolt extends upward above the upper edge of the locking bolt and then downward as at 39, the inner face of this rounded extension forming an edge face -with which the bit of the key is adapted to engage. The bolt 36 is formed on its lower edge with a notch 40 and a notch 41, and coacting with these notches is a spring tumbler 42 which is formed of flat material, is bent at its middle to embrace a screw pin 43, and has a leaf 44 which bears against the lower face of the casing so that thespring tumbler The spring tumbler is formed with a lug 45 which is adapted to engage in either of the notches 40 or 41 and with an extension 46 disposed in offset relation to the detent lug 45 and extending upward and forward.

For the purpose of depressing the spring tumbler 42 under the action of a key, I provide a tumbler actuating member 47 which is most clearly shown in Fig. 11. As shown in this -figure, the tumbler actuating member 47 is approximately triangular in form and is pivoted at one corner of the triangle by means of a screw 48. At its forward end casing.

this member 47 has a forwardly projecting linger or lug 49 and the rear end extends upward and rearward and then is downwardly curved asV at 50. Under normal circumstances the linger 49 extends parallel to the edgeoit' the bolt and the forward edge of the actuating member 47 bears against a stop 51 projecting from theface of the face plate. .Vhen this tumbler actuating meniber 47 is shifted upon its pivot 48 to the position shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, the spring tumbler 42 will be depressed as shown in Fig. 3 so as to disengage from the notch 4() or 41. Y

lhe .member 47 lies [lat against the face plate 10a as illustrated in Fig. 7, and disposed outward of this member 4'? is a tunibler actuating member designated generally 52, as illustrated in Fig. 10.V rlhis actuating member comprises a body 53 bored at 54 for the passage of the screw 48 and from this body depend two spaced plates 55 and 56 formed to provide rearwardly and upwardly projecting arms 57 and 58, the under faces of which are curved. The plate 56 on its lower edge is formed with a notch 59 and rearward of this notch with a rearwardly projecting tongue 60. The plate 55 is formed on its lower edge with a notch 61 and forward of this notch with a downwardly projecting lug 62. r1 stop 63 is carried by the plate 10'LL and extends over the shanlr of the bolt 36, this stud being slotted for the purpose. The Vtongue normally engages against the lower end of this stop 67, as shown clearly in Fig. 3, but it will be obvious that the member 52 may be rotated upon its pivot in a clockwise direction as shownin Fig. 1 and Fig. 5. The tongue 60 is adapted to engage with a spring tumbler 64, as shown clearly' in Fig. 5, this tumbler being mounted upon the screw 38 and having an arm 65 which bears upon the screw 38, and hav-ing an arm 65 which bears upon the lower wall of the slot 37. llhe forward end of the tumbler 64 is formed with an Vupwardly projecting detent 66 engageable in the notch 61, and also in a notch 67 formed in the upper wall of the slot 37 at the rear end of this slot, this notch being shown in Fig. 1. Now it is obvious that when ythe tumbler actuating member 52 is shifted to the position shown in Fig. 5, it will depress the tumbler 64 out of the notch 67 and permit retraction of the bolt.

For the purpose of locking Vthe latching bolt 12 from retraction, when the'bolt 36 has been projected, I provide the angular locking pawl 68 which is pivoted upon a stud 69, one arm ot this locking pawl 68 extending forward and being formed with a shoulder 70, the other arm extending downward and being slotted as at 71 and pivotally connected by a pin 7 2 to the locking bolt 36. It will therefore be obvious that when the locking bolt 36 is projected, the pawl 88 will be shifted so that the shoulder will be carried behind a shoulder 73 on the latching bolt, as shown clearly in Fig. 3.

The key for use with a lock of the character described comprises a tubular barrel 74 closed by a plug 7 5 at one end. A sleeve 7 6 is mounted in the handle end of the barrel and this handle end is formed with a loop or bow 77. The opposite end of the barrel carries a fixed bit 7 8 which is notched at 79 and slidably mounted upon the barrel is a shiftable bit section 80 formed intermediate its end edges with a slot or notch 8l and provided with a lug 82. To provide for the shifting of this shiftable bit section 80, the barrel is longitudinally slotted as at 83, and the bit section 80 is formed with an extension 84 which extends through these opposite slots 83. Disposed within the barrel and fitting the sleeve 76 is an actuating rod 85 which, at its forward end, passes through a sleeve 86, which bears against the extension 8a of the bit section 80 and the extremity of the rod is widened as at 87 so as to provide a proper bearing for the rod so that it will not bind. The spring 88 is coiled around the rod 85 and bears at one end against the sleeve 86 which constitutes a bushing and at its other end against the sleeve 86. rlhe outer end of the rod 85 is screw-threaded as at 88 and this screw-threaded portion is engaged by a nut 89. Ilhe loop or bow 77 is disposed in such relation to the adjacent end of the barrel 74 that the nut 89 cannot come off the rod 85. rThis nut is many sided so that it may be readily turned between the fingers and thumb of the operator. When. the nut 89 is turned in one direction, it will draw the rod 85 longitudinally through the barrel and shift the bit section 80to the position shown in Fig. 9 and when the nut is rotated in the other direction the spring 88 will shift the rod and the bit section to the position shown in Fig. 12.

The operation of this invention is as follows: Assuming that the bolt 86 is in its retracted position, then if the key is inserted in the keyhole slots 90 with the bit sections arranged as illustrated in Fig. 2, the bolt cannot be projected, for the reason that when the key is turned in the direction of the arrow in F ig. l, the extremities of the arms 57 and 58 of the tumbler actuatingmember 53 will engage with the bit and lock it from rotation. This is shown clearly in Fig. l. Under these circumstances projecting the bolt is absolutely prevented, the bit sections beingso formed as to engage over the extremities of the arms 57 and 58 so that a pressure on the key merely tends to shift the arms downward. The initial rotation of the key will cause the inner end of the bit section 78 to lift the tumbler actuating member t7 to a slight degree as illustrated in Fig. l and the bolt could be projected were it not that the member 53 acts as a dog or pawl engaging the rey bit and preventing its further rotation. The arms 57 and 58 consequently act as wards.

II" the key bit be arranged, however, as in Fig. 9, that is the section 8O is shifted away from the section 78 so as to leave a slight space between the sections, then the key will cause the projection of the bolt as in Fig. 8, for the reason that the arm 57 will slip through the space a in Fig. 9, while the arm'58 will be accommodated by the notch of slot 8l. This is clearly illustrated in F ig. 8 where the key is partly turned, and it is obvious that a continued rotation of the bit in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 8 will cause the projection of the bolt, the tumbler actuating member L7 having been lifted to the position shown in Fig. 3 so as to shift the locking pawl a2 out of engagement with the notch il0.

Assuming that the bolt has been projected and it is desired to retract it, then the key bit must be arranged as illustrated in Fig. G. Under these circumstances, as shown in F ig. 5, when the key is inserted and rotated in a counter-clockwise direction7 the lug 82 will ride along the under face of the arm 57 and rotate the tumbler actuating member 53 as illustrated in Fig. 5 so as to disengage the tumbler 6a from its engagement with the notch 67 on the locking bolt. At the same time the face of the bit engages the downwardly turned portion of the arm 39 of the locking bolt and shifts the locking bolt rearward, it being of course understood that the bit has lifted the free end of the pawl actuating member 47 so as to shift the tumbler ll2 out of its engagement with the notch Lll. lf the bit however, is arranged as illustrated in Fig. 4t, it is impossible to retract the bolt because the arms 57 and 58 will ride through the space a and the notch 8l as seen in Fig. 8 and as a consequence the tumbler Gil will not be disengaged from the notch 67 and rearward pressure against the downwardly bent arm 89 of the bolt will not cause a retraction of the bolt 86.

As illustrated in the several figures, a projection of the bolt 36 will cause the locking pawl 68 to move into locking engagement with the latch bolt 12 and the retraction of the locking bolt causes the retraction of this pawl 68. It will therefore be obvious that both bolts are locked in a projected position.

The advantages of this form of lock are obvious. rhe key is of such form that the fact that the bits are shiftable is not obvious to any one unacquainted with the secret of the lock and not only is the actuation of the lock dependent, of course, upon the peculiar shape of the bits and of the notches cut in the bits, but it is also dependent upon the proper shifting of the bit sections relative to each other. It is obvious that the key may be so arranged that the movable bit section has to be shifted accurately to a predetermined position before the lock can be actuated and that the lug S2 may beso arranged that great care is necessary in order to bring it accurately into register with the arm 5S. This construction renders diiiicult the unauthorized locking of the door and renders also, diflicult the unauthorized use of the key to unlock the door. It will also be seen that I have provided a plurality of tumblers, all of which tumblers must be actuated in order to unlock or Withdraw the bolt, and that I provide certain tumblers which act as Wards preventing ordinarily, the rotation of the key to project the bolt unless the key bits have been properly arranged previously.

`While I have illustrated an embodiment of my invention which I have found thoroughly effective in practice, yet I do not wish to be limited thereto as it is obvious thatmany changes in details of construction and arrangements of parts may be made Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as claimed.

I-Iaving described my invention, what I claim is:

l. In a lock, a locking bolt adapted to be shifted, a tumbler adapted to hold the bolt from movement but shiftable out of its holding position by a key, key actuatable means for releasing said tumbler, and a second tumbler holding the bolt from retraction, a key actuated means for shifting the second tumbler, said means being disposed out of alineinent With each other.

2. A lock and a coacting key, the lock having a bolt and means operatively preventing the bolt from being retracted, the key having relatively shiftable bit sections which, when adjusted in one predetermined position operatively engage the said means and shift it into inoperative position. i

3. A lock and a coacting key, the lock having a bolt and means operatively preventing the shifting of the bolt, the key having rela-- tively shiftable bit sections which, when adjusted in a single predetermined position operatively engage the said means and shift it to an inoperative position permitting the shifting of the bolt by the key.

A. A lock and a coacting key, the lock having a bolt, and means acting to prevent the bolt being either retracted or projected by the key, the key having relatively shiftable bit sections which when adjusted in a single predetermined position operatively engage the said means to shift them into inoperative position and to permit the projection of the bolt by the key and which, when adjusted in another single predetermined position operatively engage said means and shift them into inoperative position and permit the retraction of the bolt.

5. A lock and a coacting Vkey, the lock having a bolt, a tumbler engaging the bolt in its projected position and preventing retraction of the bolt, a tumbler actuating member engaging the tumbler and shiftable in one direction to release the tumbler from the bolt, the key having a bit formed of sections, one of said sections being adjusted toward or from ythe other section, and said shiftable section having a portion-engageable only with the actuating member when the shiftable section is in a predetermined position.

6. A lock including a bolt having an upwardly bowed rear extremity adapted to be engaged by the bit of a key, a tumbler engaging the bolt in its projected position, an actuating member engaging the tumbler and shiftable in one direction to release the tumbler from the bolt, said actuating member having a finger disposed against the side of the bolt and projecting beyond the rear end thereof, and a key having a bit formed of sections, one of the sections being shiftable and having a portion engageable Vwith said rearwardly projecting finger to actuate it only When the section is shifted to a predetermined position.

7. In a lock, a bolt, a key coacting with the lock having a bit formed with relatively shiftable sections, and a member having a poi-tion normally disposedV in the path of the bit, said bit sections escaping said member when shifted into a predetermined positioii.

S. In a lock, a bolt, a Warding member disposed beside the bolt, and a key coacting an actuating member for said second tumbler shiftable into one position to release it from its engagement with the bolt and having portions thereof projected into the keyY space of the lock and acting as wards, and a key coacting With the lock having a bit formed in sections, one of said sections being rigid and being adapted to engage with the actuating member for the rst named tumbler and the other section being shiftable into a position to engage With or not engage` with the actuating member for the second named tumbler.

10. In a lock, a bolt havingan upwardly bowed finger at its rear end and longitudinally slotted, the under edge of the bolt being` formed With a plurality of notches and the under edge of the upper Wall of the slot being formed with a notch at its rear end, a spring actuated tumbler engageable with the lirst named notch, a spring actuated tumbler engageable with the second named .ini-teh, inea-ns ier disengaging the i'irst named tumbler comprising pivoted member having an upwardly and rearwardly bowed linger disposed beside the linger on the bolt, and means for disengaging the second named tumbler comprising a member pivoted above the bolt and which, when shifted in one position Will engage said tumbler and shift it to an inoperative position, said last named actuating member having upwardly and rearwardly curved lingers disposed on each side of the bolt and projecting into the space beneath the linger on the bolt and forming Wards, and a key eoacting with the ulool: having a fixed bit section adapted to engage the finger of the lirst named actuating member, and a movable section shiitable into a position toward or from the fixed section and into or out of position to engage with the fingers on the second named actiilating member.

1l. ln a look, a latching bolt, a spring urging the latching bolt outward, a dead latch shiftable into position behind the latehing bolt, a spring urging the dead latch to an inoperative position, and a detent adapted to hold the dead latch in its operative position.

In testimony whereof l hereunto allix my signature in the presence of tWo Witnesses.

GEORGE B. FISCHER. Witnesses:

B. P. SHAMSKI, Jon HORVATH.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing' the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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