US10385145B1 - Liquid photo initiating compound and uses of the same - Google Patents
Liquid photo initiating compound and uses of the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10385145B1 US10385145B1 US16/281,143 US201916281143A US10385145B1 US 10385145 B1 US10385145 B1 US 10385145B1 US 201916281143 A US201916281143 A US 201916281143A US 10385145 B1 US10385145 B1 US 10385145B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- photoinitiator
- compound
- initiating compound
- photopolymerizable composition
- photo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012958 Amine synergist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125890 compound Ia Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 231100000460 acute oral toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 0 *C1=CC=C(CC(CC)(C(=O)C2=CC=C(N3CCOC3([1*])[2*])C=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 Chemical compound *C1=CC=C(CC(CC)(C(=O)C2=CC=C(N3CCOC3([1*])[2*])C=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- ASWYBBQZAQJKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1(C)OCCN1C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(CC)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 Chemical compound CCC1(C)OCCN1C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(CC)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 ASWYBBQZAQJKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC(CC)=C3SC2=C1 BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000111 LD50 Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- OXQHJIGWZNIQDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxybutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OC)OC OXQHJIGWZNIQDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)OC HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010074268 Reproductive toxicity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003302 UV-light treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007696 reproductive toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000372 reproductive toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- IWSZDQRGNFLMJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCN(CCO)CCCC IWSZDQRGNFLMJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGSRZJJTTZYIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethylamino)phenyl]butan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=C(NCCO)C=CC=1C(=O)C(CC)(N(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NGSRZJJTTZYIDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXLDZKQYJKAWJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)C.C=CCC(C)(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)C.C=CCC(C)(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)N1CCOCC1.CN(C)C(C)(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=CCC(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)C.C=CCC(C)(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)N(C)C.C=CCC(C)(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)N1CCOCC1.CN(C)C(C)(C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXLDZKQYJKAWJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMEHJQACJHHWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)(C)OC.CCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C(=O)C1=CC=C(NCCO)C=C1)N(C)C.CCC1(C)OCCN1C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(CC)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC.CCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C(=O)C1=CC=C(NCCO)C=C1)N(C)C.CCC1(C)OCCN1C1=CC=C(C(=O)C(CC)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 FMEHJQACJHHWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UHFFVFAKEGKNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C(=O)C1=CC=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1)N(C)C Chemical compound CCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)(C(=O)C1=CC=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1)N(C)C UHFFVFAKEGKNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IONCVPQYAGQYQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)C(CC)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 Chemical compound CCCCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)C(CC)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)N(C)C)C=C1 IONCVPQYAGQYQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005944 Cerulean Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010546 Norrish type I reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazolidine Chemical compound C1COCN1 WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNSXNCFKSZZHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical class C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C KNSXNCFKSZZHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUNAPVYQLLNFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Pb++].[Pb++].[Pb++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Pb++].[Pb++].[Pb++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O AUNAPVYQLLNFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFSBSHDDAGNCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Co+2] LFSBSHDDAGNCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NCC2=C1 PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/031—Organic compounds not covered by group G03F7/029
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by oxygen atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
- C08F20/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F20/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F20/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
- C08K5/08—Quinones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/353—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5397—Phosphine oxides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid photo initiating compound and photopolymerizable compositions using the same.
- a photoinitiator is a substance that forms free radicals via Norrish Type I photo-fragmentation after absorbing the energy of visible or UV light, which can initiate polymerization of monomers or oligomers to provide a curing effect.
- Irgacure® 369 which is the first photoinitiator specifically designed for dark color UV ink (related patent: U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402). Irgacure® 369 is in solid form and its structure is shown below.
- Irgacure® 369 has an outstanding photo speed and other advantages like odorless prior to and after curing. However, it suffers from poor solubility in most UV inks and thus requires additional grinding and heating processes to facilitate dissolution. Even though, Irgacure® 369 is prone to precipitate when dosage is over 4 wt % and when handled in cold areas. Irgacure® 369 has recently been shown to have reproductive toxicity and thus is under radar in EU to be prohibited from use in food contact applications.
- Ciba Specialty Corporation introduced another solid photoinitiator product, i.e., Irgacure® 379 (related patent: U.S. Pat. No. 7,247,659 B2).
- Irgacure® 379 does have improved solubility in some monomers and resins than Irgacure® 369. Still, it is not easy to use in its solid form that requires grinding and heating processes in order to dissolve into an ink composition. Furthermore, Irgacure® 379 also has reproductive toxicity.
- liquid photoinitiators include the following compounds 93, 95, 96 and 100 as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402. But these compounds are not commercialized because their poor photospeeds as well as odor issues.
- TW 1277834 discloses a liquid photoinitiator in Example 3. Even though the liquid photoinitiator is odorless, it is not commercialized due to its poor photo speed which is about one tenth that of Irgacure® 369.
- the following compound I is also a liquid photoinitiator and has a photo speed comparable to that of Irgacure® 369. Unfortunately, the compound I has a serious odor issue after curing.
- TW 1564276 also discloses a liquid photoinitiator, i.e., the following compound IIa, which is comparable to Irgacure® 369 in terms of photo speed and is odorless prior to or after curing.
- the compound IIa has high acute oral toxicity. Besides, it is in dark-brown color which is not satisfactory for some colors.
- the present invention provides a photoinitiator derived from oxazolidine, which improves all the aforementioned defects associated conventional liquid photoinitiators for the black ink system as: (1) it becomes a liquid state at 50° C.; (2) it has a photo speed comparable to that of Irgacure® 369; (3) it is odorless prior to and after curing; and (4) it does not have acute oral toxicity. Furthermore, its light color and high purity perfectly meet the requirements of the industry regarding liquid photoinitiators. Accordingly, the present invention involves at least the objectives described below.
- An objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid photo initiating compound, which is represented by the following Formula ⁇ :
- R 1 and R 2 are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R 3 is H or methyl.
- Examples of C 1 -C 3 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of initiating a chemical reaction by using the aforementioned liquid photo initiating compound.
- Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a photopolymerizable composition, comprising:
- a first photoinitiator which is the aforementioned liquid photo initiating compound
- the photopolymerizable component is an olefinic unsaturated monomer, an olefinic unsaturated oligomer, or a combination thereof.
- the olefinic unsaturated monomer include acrylate-based monomers.
- the olefinic unsaturated oligomer include acrylate-based oligomers.
- the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a second photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene
- R is alkyl
- the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
- a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
- the photopolymerizable composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, amine synergists, and combinations thereof.
- the content of the first photoinitiator ranges from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
- alkyl recited in the specification (especially in the claims) includes linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl groups.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is represented by the following Formula ⁇ :
- R 1 and R 2 are independently H or C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and R 3 is H or methyl. In some embodiments of the present invention, R 1 and R 2 are independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, and R 3 is H.
- the first photoinitiator is represented by the following Formula Ia:
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is liquid at a low temperature of 50° C. Therefore, it can be used as a liquid photoinitiator to trigger polymerization and crosslinking of photopolymerizable monomers or oligomers and thus, provide a curing effect.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention surprisingly shows properties quite different from conventional photoinitiators and has many advantages. Specifically, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention has excellent photo speed performance, excellent solubility and light color and is in liquid state at a low temperature of 50° C. When used in a photopolymerizable system, the influence of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention on viscosity is very minor.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention also has long storage stability.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is particularly useful for low viscosity UV inks (e.g., an ink with a viscosity of less than 1000 cP), light color UV inks, color resists, black matrixes and solder masks. Furthermore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the invention has high purity that can meet the chemical substance registration regulations of nations of the world.
- the present invention also provides a photopolymerizable composition, comprising a first photoinitiator, a photopolymerizable component and an optional solvent, wherein the first photoinitiator is the compound represented by Formula I.
- the species of the photopolymerizable component is not particularly limited and can be any substance that is photopolymerizable in the presence of a photoinitiator, including the substance that is generally used in photopolymerizable systems, like UV inks.
- the photopolymerizable component is selected from the group consisting of olefinic unsaturated monomers, olefinic unsaturated oligomers and combinations thereof.
- the olefinic unsaturated monomer include but are not limited to acrylate-based monomers
- examples of the olefinic unsaturated oligomer include but are not limited to acrylate-based oligomers.
- the solvent is optional and can be any solvent that dissolves or disperses the components of the composition but does not react with the components, including those generally used in photopolymerizable systems such as UV inks.
- the solvent include but are not limited to water; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, and xylene; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters, such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol; and ethers, such as dimethylether, diethylether, and methylethylether.
- the amount of the first photoinitiator is not particularly limited and can be optionally adjusted by persons having ordinary skill in the art.
- the amount of the photoinitiator is usually from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, such as 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, 5 wt %, 6 wt %, 7 wt %, 8 wt %, or 9 wt %, based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention can optionally further include other components that are advantageous to the efficacy of photoinitiation, like photosensitizing components or other photo initiating components. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a second photoinitiator, a photosensitizer, or a combination thereof.
- the second photoinitiator can be any photo initiating component other than the first photoinitiator.
- the second photoinitiator include but are not limited to acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene, and combinations thereof.
- the species of the photosensitizer is not particularly limited.
- the photosensitizer include but are not limited to benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
- 2,4-diethylthioxanthone product name: Chivacure® DETX
- the amount of the second photoinitiator or the photosensitizer is not particularly limited and can be optionally adjusted by persons having ordinary skill in the art depending on the need.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may optionally further comprise one or more additives to impart desired properties to the cured product of the composition.
- a pigment can be added to provide color to the cured product
- an amine synergist can be added to improve curing performance, for example, to improve the surface curing speed of composition and to enhance the mirror surface effect after curing.
- the pigment examples include titanium oxide, carbon black, cadmium red, molybdate red, chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, titanium yellow, chromium oxide, cobalt titanate green, cerulean blue, copper blue, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone based pigments, isoindolinone based pigments, perylene based pigments, thio indigo based pigments, and metal complex pigments.
- an amine synergist is well-known to persons having ordinary skill in the art and refers to a reactive amine that can promote the photoinitiation, such as a low-molecular weight tertiary amine.
- Examples of the amine synergist include but are not limited to methyldiethanolamine, dibutylethanolamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine.
- Commercially available products of the amine synergist include Chivacure® 115, Chivacure® EPD, Chivacure® OPD, etc. available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.
- the photo initiating compound Ia was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the results are as follows:
- the photo initiating compound Ib was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the results are as follows:
- Mixtures I to III were prepared according to the composition provided below, and then 6 parts by weight of photoinitiator Trgacure® 369 (available from IGM), photoinitiator R-gen® 919 (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) or photo initiating compound Ia was added to each of the mixtures I to III.
- the obtained mixtures were ultrasonicated for 1 hour at room temperature, and the dissolution of each of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 919 and photo initiating compound Ia was observed and described in the following Table 1.
- Mixture I a mixture of 50 parts by weight of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (product name: EM221, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name: Oligomer 6325-100, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) with a viscosity of 41.2 cP
- Mixture II a mixture of 50 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (product name: EM231, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name: Oligomer 6325-100, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) with a viscosity of 349.5 cP
- Mixture III a mixture of 50 parts by weight of ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (product name: EM2411, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name
- the photo initiating compound Ia completely dissolved in each of the three mixtures after one-hour ultrasonication at room temperature.
- the results indicate that the photo initiating compound Ia is much better than the solid photoinitiator Irgacure® 369 and comparable to R-gen® 919 in terms of solubility.
- the photo initiating compound IA has the lowest influence on the viscosity of the mixture.
- the viscosity variation of the mixture with the photo initiating compound Ia is similar to that of the mixture without photoinitiator, and no precipitate was observed in the mixture with the photo initiating compound Ia.
- the results indicate that the photo initiating compound Ia is better than Irgacure® 369 in terms of solubility and resin compatibility and therefore is very useful.
- the black flexo formulation containing Oligomer 6325-100, EM2411 and carbon black (viscosity: 1750 cP) was mixed with a photoinitiator to carry out the photo speed performance test. Specifically, 100 parts by weight of the black flexo formulation and 2 parts by weight of Chivacure® DETX (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and then 6 parts by weight of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 998 (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.), R-gen® 919, or photo initiating compound Ia was added to the obtained mixture.
- Chivacure® DETX available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.
- the resultant mixture was coated on a printable pearlescent film (wet film thickness: 25.15 ⁇ m); and the coated printable pearlescent film was exposed to an UV light (Fusion F300, D-bulb, 300 W/inch) for curing.
- the photo speed performance was observed and tabulated in the following Table 3.
- photoinitiators with electron withdrawing groups such as the photo initiating compound Ia
- the photo initiating compound Ia surprisingly has an outstanding photo speed which is comparable to those of Irgacure® 369 and R-gen® 919 and significantly better than that of R-gen® 998.
- the commercially available black flexo ink without a photoinitiator was mixed with a photoinitiator to carry out the photo speed performance test, and the effect of the amount of photo initiating compound Ia on the photo speed performance was evaluated. Specifically, 100 parts by weight of the black flexo formulation and 2 parts by weight of Chivacure® DETX (photoinitiator; Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and then a specific amount of Irgacure® 369 or photo initiating compound Ia as shown in Table 4 was added to the obtained mixture. The resultant mixture was coated on a PET film with primer (means for improving adhesion) (dry film thickness: 5 ⁇ m). The coated PET film was exposed to an UV light (wavelength: 365 nm; 4 W/inch) for curing. The photo speed performance in each case was observed and tabulated in the following Table 4.
- the tested black flexo ink is an ink system that is difficult to be photocured, and the photocuring efficiency can be improved by increasing the amount of the photoinitiator.
- the photoinitiator could not be completely dissolved in the ink system, making it impossible to carry out a photo speed test.
- the amount of the photo initiating compound Ia was increased, no solubility issue was observed even if the amount reaches 12 parts by weight.
- LD50 median lethal dose test was carried out for each of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 998, R-gen® 919 and photo initiating compound Ia in accordance with Test Guidelines 423: acute oral toxicity, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
- the median lethal dose (LD50) of the photo initiating compound Ia is comparable with that of Irgacure® 369, both exceeding 5000 mg/kg, which is considered as no acute oral toxicity.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention has excellent photo speed performance, excellent solubility, light color and no acute oral toxicity.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is in liquid state at a low temperature of 50° C. When being used in a photopolymerizable system, the influence of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention on viscosity is very minor.
- the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention also has long storage stability. Therefore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is particularly useful for low viscosity UV inks, light color UV inks, color resists, black matrixes and solder masks.
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
This application claims the benefit of Taiwan Patent Application No. 107124654 filed on Jul. 17, 2018, the subject matters of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
The present invention relates to a liquid photo initiating compound and photopolymerizable compositions using the same.
A photoinitiator is a substance that forms free radicals via Norrish Type I photo-fragmentation after absorbing the energy of visible or UV light, which can initiate polymerization of monomers or oligomers to provide a curing effect.
In 1990, Ciba Specialty Corporation introduced Irgacure® 369, which is the first photoinitiator specifically designed for dark color UV ink (related patent: U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402). Irgacure® 369 is in solid form and its structure is shown below.
Irgacure® 369 has an outstanding photo speed and other advantages like odorless prior to and after curing. However, it suffers from poor solubility in most UV inks and thus requires additional grinding and heating processes to facilitate dissolution. Even though, Irgacure® 369 is prone to precipitate when dosage is over 4 wt % and when handled in cold areas. Irgacure® 369 has recently been shown to have reproductive toxicity and thus is under radar in EU to be prohibited from use in food contact applications.
In order to improve the solubility issue, Ciba Specialty Corporation introduced another solid photoinitiator product, i.e., Irgacure® 379 (related patent: U.S. Pat. No. 7,247,659 B2). Irgacure® 379 does have improved solubility in some monomers and resins than Irgacure® 369. Still, it is not easy to use in its solid form that requires grinding and heating processes in order to dissolve into an ink composition. Furthermore, Irgacure® 379 also has reproductive toxicity.
In recent years, the demand for low viscosity UV inks such as digital UV and flexo UV inks has increased significantly. A photoinitiator in liquid form with high solubility is therefore highly desired to the low viscosity ink as these inks do not provide sufficient shearing force to perform the grinding and dispersion processes for solid photoinitiators.
Examples of liquid photoinitiators include the following compounds 93, 95, 96 and 100 as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402. But these compounds are not commercialized because their poor photospeeds as well as odor issues.
TW 1277834 discloses a liquid photoinitiator in Example 3. Even though the liquid photoinitiator is odorless, it is not commercialized due to its poor photo speed which is about one tenth that of Irgacure® 369.
The following compound I is also a liquid photoinitiator and has a photo speed comparable to that of Irgacure® 369. Unfortunately, the compound I has a serious odor issue after curing.
TW 1564276 also discloses a liquid photoinitiator, i.e., the following compound IIa, which is comparable to Irgacure® 369 in terms of photo speed and is odorless prior to or after curing. However, the compound IIa has high acute oral toxicity. Besides, it is in dark-brown color which is not satisfactory for some colors.
Therefore, conventional liquid photoinitiators with individual defects for dark and black inks are far from satisfactory.
In view of the unsatisfaction of conventional photoinitiators, the present invention provides a photoinitiator derived from oxazolidine, which improves all the aforementioned defects associated conventional liquid photoinitiators for the black ink system as: (1) it becomes a liquid state at 50° C.; (2) it has a photo speed comparable to that of Irgacure® 369; (3) it is odorless prior to and after curing; and (4) it does not have acute oral toxicity. Furthermore, its light color and high purity perfectly meet the requirements of the industry regarding liquid photoinitiators. Accordingly, the present invention involves at least the objectives described below.
It should be noted that neither U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,402 nor U.S. Pat. No. 7,732,504 B2 discloses the photoinitiator of the present invention, even though the photoinitiators disclosed in these patents may have an oxazolidine structure. Furthermore, persons having ordinary skill in the art cannot expect the advantages of the photoinitiator of the present invention based on the general teaching of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,077,402 or 7,732,504 B2. The advantages include being liquid at a low temperature of 50° C., high solubility in various monomers and oligomers, odorless, comparable photo speed to Irgacure® 369, and no acute oral toxicity.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid photo initiating compound, which is represented by the following Formula □:
wherein, in Formula I, R1 and R2 are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl, and R3 is H or methyl. Examples of C1-C3 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the aforementioned compound is represented by the following Formula Ia:
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of initiating a chemical reaction by using the aforementioned liquid photo initiating compound.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a photopolymerizable composition, comprising:
a first photoinitiator, which is the aforementioned liquid photo initiating compound;
a photopolymerizable component; and
an optional solvent.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable component is an olefinic unsaturated monomer, an olefinic unsaturated oligomer, or a combination thereof. Examples of the olefinic unsaturated monomer include acrylate-based monomers. Examples of the olefinic unsaturated oligomer include acrylate-based oligomers.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a second photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene
In some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable composition further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, amine synergists, and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of the first photoinitiator ranges from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
To render the above objectives, technical features and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to some embodiments hereinafter.
Not applicable.
Hereinafter, some specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, the present invention may be embodied in various embodiments and should not be limited to the specific embodiments described in the specification.
Unless it is additionally explained, the expressions “a,”, “an”, “the,” or the like recited in the specification (especially in the claims) should include both the singular and the plural forms.
Unless it is additionally explained, the term such as “first”, “second” or the like is used to distinguish different elements or components, not terms supplying a numerical limit.
Unless it is additionally explained, the term “alkyl” recited in the specification (especially in the claims) includes linear, branched and/or cyclic alkyl groups.
Liquid Photo Initiating Compound
The liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is represented by the following Formula □:
In formula I, R1 and R2 are independently H or C1-C3 alkyl, and R3 is H or methyl. In some embodiments of the present invention, R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, and R3 is H. In the appended examples, the first photoinitiator is represented by the following Formula Ia:
The synthesis of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention will be described in the appended examples.
Uses of Liquid Photo Initiating Compound
The liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is liquid at a low temperature of 50° C. Therefore, it can be used as a liquid photoinitiator to trigger polymerization and crosslinking of photopolymerizable monomers or oligomers and thus, provide a curing effect. The liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention surprisingly shows properties quite different from conventional photoinitiators and has many advantages. Specifically, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention has excellent photo speed performance, excellent solubility and light color and is in liquid state at a low temperature of 50° C. When used in a photopolymerizable system, the influence of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention on viscosity is very minor. The liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention also has long storage stability. Therefore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is particularly useful for low viscosity UV inks (e.g., an ink with a viscosity of less than 1000 cP), light color UV inks, color resists, black matrixes and solder masks. Furthermore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the invention has high purity that can meet the chemical substance registration regulations of nations of the world.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a photopolymerizable composition, comprising a first photoinitiator, a photopolymerizable component and an optional solvent, wherein the first photoinitiator is the compound represented by Formula I.
The species of the photopolymerizable component is not particularly limited and can be any substance that is photopolymerizable in the presence of a photoinitiator, including the substance that is generally used in photopolymerizable systems, like UV inks. In some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable component is selected from the group consisting of olefinic unsaturated monomers, olefinic unsaturated oligomers and combinations thereof. Examples of the olefinic unsaturated monomer include but are not limited to acrylate-based monomers, and examples of the olefinic unsaturated oligomer include but are not limited to acrylate-based oligomers.
The solvent is optional and can be any solvent that dissolves or disperses the components of the composition but does not react with the components, including those generally used in photopolymerizable systems such as UV inks. Examples of the solvent include but are not limited to water; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, and xylene; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; esters, such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol; and ethers, such as dimethylether, diethylether, and methylethylether.
In the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention, the amount of the first photoinitiator is not particularly limited and can be optionally adjusted by persons having ordinary skill in the art. To obtain a better photocuring efficacy, the amount of the photoinitiator is usually from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, such as 1 wt %, 2 wt %, 3 wt %, 4 wt %, 5 wt %, 6 wt %, 7 wt %, 8 wt %, or 9 wt %, based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
In addition to the first photoinitiator, the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention can optionally further include other components that are advantageous to the efficacy of photoinitiation, like photosensitizing components or other photo initiating components. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the photopolymerizable composition further comprises a second photoinitiator, a photosensitizer, or a combination thereof.
The second photoinitiator can be any photo initiating component other than the first photoinitiator. Examples of the second photoinitiator include but are not limited to acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene, and combinations thereof. The species of the photosensitizer is not particularly limited. Examples of the photosensitizer include but are not limited to benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof. In the appended examples, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone (product name: Chivacure® DETX) is used as a second photosensitizer in the photopolymerizable composition. The amount of the second photoinitiator or the photosensitizer is not particularly limited and can be optionally adjusted by persons having ordinary skill in the art depending on the need.
The photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may optionally further comprise one or more additives to impart desired properties to the cured product of the composition. For example, a pigment can be added to provide color to the cured product, and an amine synergist can be added to improve curing performance, for example, to improve the surface curing speed of composition and to enhance the mirror surface effect after curing. Examples of the pigment include titanium oxide, carbon black, cadmium red, molybdate red, chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, titanium yellow, chromium oxide, cobalt titanate green, cerulean blue, copper blue, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone based pigments, isoindolinone based pigments, perylene based pigments, thio indigo based pigments, and metal complex pigments. As used herein, an amine synergist is well-known to persons having ordinary skill in the art and refers to a reactive amine that can promote the photoinitiation, such as a low-molecular weight tertiary amine. Examples of the amine synergist include but are not limited to methyldiethanolamine, dibutylethanolamine, triethylamine and triethanolamine. Commercially available products of the amine synergist include Chivacure® 115, Chivacure® EPD, Chivacure® OPD, etc. available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.
34 g 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl]-2-(phenylmethyl)-1-butanone (CAS 862589-48-8); the synthesis method of it may refer to TW 1277834), 13.0 g 2,2-dimethoxybutane (CAS 3453-99-4), 0.17 g PTSA (p-toluenesulfonic acid), and 100 mL toluene were added in sequence to a 250 mL three-necked flask at room temperature and then the reaction as shown below was carried out at reflux. The by-product methanol produced by this reaction was removed by Dean-Stark evaporator.
The reaction was monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and washed with 17 g pure water for three times. The organic layer was collected and then concentrated under vacuum to obtain the compound represented by Formula Ia (hereinafter “photo initiating compound Ia”) as a yellowish and viscous liquid. The yield is 95%.
The photo initiating compound Ia was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the results are as follows:
Nuclear | 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 0.70 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), |
magnetic | 0.82 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.85-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.99 |
resonance | (m, 1H), 2.04-2.09 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.36 |
analysis: | (s, 6H), 3.16-3.23 (m, 2H), 3.18 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), |
3.22 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.26 | |
(m, 1H), 6.60 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.16-7.28 (m, 6H), | |
8.34 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H) | |
13C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 7.7, 9.8, 23.8, 27.8, | |
31.0, 35.5, 39.1, 48.4, 63.2, 73.8, 96.2, 111.5, 125.8, | |
125.9, 127.9, 131.3, 132.2, 139.6, 147.1, 201.6 | |
34 g 2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-[((2-hydroxyethyl)amino]phenyl]-2-(phenylmethyl)-1-butanone, 12.0 g 2,2-dimethoxypropane (CAS 77-76-9), 0.17 g PTSA (p-toluenesulfonic acid), and 100 mL toluene were added to a 250 mL three-necked flask at room temperature in sequence and the reaction as shown below was carried out at a condition the same as the previous example.
The reaction was monitored by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was extracted with 17 g pure water for three times. The organic layer was collected and then concentrated under vacuum to obtain the compound represented by Formula Ib (hereinafter referred to as “photo initiating compound Ib”) as a yellowish and viscous liquid. The yield is 93%.
The photo initiating compound Ib was subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and the results are as follows:
Nuclear | 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 0.69 (t, J = 7.5Hz, 3H), |
magnetic | 1.64 (s, 6H), 1.83-1.90 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.17 (m, 1H), |
resonance | 2.36 (s, 6H), 3.17 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (d, J = |
analysis: | 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (t, J = |
6.5 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.15-7.28 | |
(m, 6H), 8.35 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H) | |
13C NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 9.8, 25.4, 27.8, 35.5, | |
39.1, 47.8, 62.9, 73.9, 93.9, 111.8, 125.8, 125.9, | |
127.9, 131.3, 132.2, 139.6, 147.0, 201.6 | |
Mixtures I to III were prepared according to the composition provided below, and then 6 parts by weight of photoinitiator Trgacure® 369 (available from IGM), photoinitiator R-gen® 919 (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) or photo initiating compound Ia was added to each of the mixtures I to III. The obtained mixtures were ultrasonicated for 1 hour at room temperature, and the dissolution of each of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 919 and photo initiating compound Ia was observed and described in the following Table 1.
Mixture I: | a mixture of 50 parts by weight of 1,6-hexanediol |
diacrylate (product name: EM221, Eternal Materials | |
Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester | |
tetraacrylate (product name: Oligomer 6325-100, | |
Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) with a viscosity of | |
41.2 cP | |
Mixture II: | a mixture of 50 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane |
triacrylate (product name: EM231, Eternal Materials | |
Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts by weight of polyester | |
tetraacrylate (product name: Oligomer 6325-100, | |
Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) with a viscosity of | |
349.5 cP | |
Mixture III: | a mixture of 50 parts by weight of ethoxylated |
pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (product name: | |
EM2411, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts | |
by weight of polyester tetraacrylate (product name: | |
Oligomer 6325-100, Eternal Materials Co., Ltd.) | |
with a viscosity of 433.0 cP | |
TABLE 1 |
Dissolution of Irgacure ® 369, R-gen ® 919 and photo initiating |
compound Ia after one-hour ultrasonication at room temperature |
Photoinitiator | Mixture I | Mixture II | Mixture III |
Irgacure ® 369 | Completely | Only a small part | Only a small part |
dissolved | was dissolved | was dissolved | |
R-gen ® 919 | Completely | Completely | Completely |
dissolved | dissolved | dissolved | |
Photo initiating | Completely | Completely | Completely |
compound Ia | dissolved | dissolved | dissolved |
As shown in Table 1, the photo initiating compound Ia completely dissolved in each of the three mixtures after one-hour ultrasonication at room temperature. The results indicate that the photo initiating compound Ia is much better than the solid photoinitiator Irgacure® 369 and comparable to R-gen® 919 in terms of solubility.
4 parts by weight of photoinitiators Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 919, and photo initiating compound Ia were individually added to each of the mixtures I to III, and the obtained mixtures were exposed to a 0° C. atmosphere for 7 days. The viscosities before and after the exposure were measured and tabulated in the following Table 2.
TABLE 2 |
Viscosities (cP) before and after exposure to 0° C. |
atmosphere for 7 days |
Mixture I | Mixture II | Mixture III |
Photoinitiator | Initial | 7 days | Initial | 7 days | Initial | 7 days |
None | 41.2 | 50.1 | 349.5 | 401.0 | 433.0 | 548.0 |
Irgacure® 369 | 52.7 | 60.4 | 385.0 | Precipitate | 487.0 | Precipitate |
R-gen® 919 | 42.2 | 51.0 | 354.0 | 408.0 | 445.5 | 544.0 |
Photo initiating | 41.6 | 51.2 | 351.3 | 406.7 | 433.1 | 547.8 |
compound Ia | ||||||
As shown in Table 2, the photo initiating compound IA has the lowest influence on the viscosity of the mixture. In addition, after the exposure to a 0° C. atmosphere for 7 days, the viscosity variation of the mixture with the photo initiating compound Ia is similar to that of the mixture without photoinitiator, and no precipitate was observed in the mixture with the photo initiating compound Ia. The results indicate that the photo initiating compound Ia is better than Irgacure® 369 in terms of solubility and resin compatibility and therefore is very useful.
The black flexo formulation containing Oligomer 6325-100, EM2411 and carbon black (viscosity: 1750 cP) was mixed with a photoinitiator to carry out the photo speed performance test. Specifically, 100 parts by weight of the black flexo formulation and 2 parts by weight of Chivacure® DETX (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and then 6 parts by weight of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 998 (available from Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.), R-gen® 919, or photo initiating compound Ia was added to the obtained mixture. The resultant mixture was coated on a printable pearlescent film (wet film thickness: 25.15 μm); and the coated printable pearlescent film was exposed to an UV light (Fusion F300, D-bulb, 300 W/inch) for curing. The photo speed performance was observed and tabulated in the following Table 3.
TABLE 3 |
Photo speed performance of photoinitiator |
Photo | ||||
initiating | ||||
compound | ||||
Photoinitiator | Irgacure ® 369 | R-gen ® 998 | R-gen ® 919 | Ia |
Photo speed | 120 | 70 | 120 | 120 |
(m/minute) | ||||
Theoretically, photoinitiators with electron withdrawing groups, such as the photo initiating compound Ia, usually have a lower photo speed due to the blue shift effect. However, as shown in Table 3, the photo initiating compound Ia surprisingly has an outstanding photo speed which is comparable to those of Irgacure® 369 and R-gen® 919 and significantly better than that of R-gen® 998.
The commercially available black flexo ink without a photoinitiator was mixed with a photoinitiator to carry out the photo speed performance test, and the effect of the amount of photo initiating compound Ia on the photo speed performance was evaluated. Specifically, 100 parts by weight of the black flexo formulation and 2 parts by weight of Chivacure® DETX (photoinitiator; Chitec Technology Co., Ltd.) were mixed, and then a specific amount of Irgacure® 369 or photo initiating compound Ia as shown in Table 4 was added to the obtained mixture. The resultant mixture was coated on a PET film with primer (means for improving adhesion) (dry film thickness: 5 μm). The coated PET film was exposed to an UV light (wavelength: 365 nm; 4 W/inch) for curing. The photo speed performance in each case was observed and tabulated in the following Table 4.
TABLE 4 |
Photo speed performance of photoinitiator in different amounts |
Amounts | Curing performance | |
(parts by | (times of UV light treatment) |
weight) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Irgacure® 369 | 4 | X | X | X | Δ | O |
8 | Incomplete dissolution |
Photo | 4 | X | X | X | Δ | O |
initiating | 8 | Δ | O | |||
compound Ia | 12 | O | ||||
Description for curing results: |
X | Not tack-free | ||
Δ | Tack-free but not through-cure | ||
◯ | Tack-free and through-cure | ||
As shown in Table 4, the tested black flexo ink is an ink system that is difficult to be photocured, and the photocuring efficiency can be improved by increasing the amount of the photoinitiator. However, when 8 parts by weight of Irgacure® 369 was added, like the result of the solubility test, the photoinitiator could not be completely dissolved in the ink system, making it impossible to carry out a photo speed test. By contrast, when the amount of the photo initiating compound Ia was increased, no solubility issue was observed even if the amount reaches 12 parts by weight. Furthermore, increasing the amount of the photo initiating compound Ia from 4 parts by weight to 8 parts by weight can significantly improve the photocuring speed; and only one time of UV light treatment was required to achieve sufficient curing when the amount of the photo initiating compound Ia was 12 parts by weight.
The median lethal dose (LD50) test was carried out for each of Irgacure® 369, R-gen® 998, R-gen® 919 and photo initiating compound Ia in accordance with Test Guidelines 423: acute oral toxicity, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
The results are tabulated in the following Table 5.
TABLE 5 |
Median lethal dose (LD50) of photoinitiator |
Photo | ||||
initiating | ||||
compound | ||||
Photoinitiator | Irgacure ® 369 | R-gen ® 998 | R-gen ® 919 | Ia |
LD50 | >5000 | 2500 | 500 | >5000 |
(mg/kg) | ||||
As shown in Table 5, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the photo initiating compound Ia is comparable with that of Irgacure® 369, both exceeding 5000 mg/kg, which is considered as no acute oral toxicity.
As can be seen from the results of Examples 1 to 7, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention has excellent photo speed performance, excellent solubility, light color and no acute oral toxicity. The liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is in liquid state at a low temperature of 50° C. When being used in a photopolymerizable system, the influence of the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention on viscosity is very minor. The liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention also has long storage stability. Therefore, the liquid photo initiating compound of the present invention is particularly useful for low viscosity UV inks, light color UV inks, color resists, black matrixes and solder masks.
The above examples are used to illustrate the principle and efficacy of the present invention and show the inventive features thereof. People skilled in this field may proceed with a variety of modifications and replacements based on the disclosures and suggestions of the invention as described without departing from the principle and spirit thereof. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is that as defined in the claims as appended.
Claims (15)
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl.
4. A method of initiating a chemical reaction by using the liquid photo initiating compound of claim 1 .
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein, in Formula I, R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl.
7. A photopolymerizable composition, comprising:
a first photoinitiator, which is the liquid photo initiating compound of claim 1 ;
a photopolymerizable component; and
an optional solvent.
8. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 7 , wherein, in Formula I, R1 and R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl.
10. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 7 , wherein the photopolymerizable component is an olefinic unsaturated monomer, an olefinic unsaturated oligomer, or a combination thereof.
11. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 10 , wherein the photopolymerizable component is an acrylate-based monomer, an acrylate-based oligomer, or a combination thereof.
12. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 7 , further comprising a second photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of acylphosphine oxides, 9,10-dialkyloxyanthracene, and combinations thereof.
13. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 7 , further comprising a photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, thioxanthones, Michler's ketones, anthraquinone, and combinations thereof.
14. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 7 , further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, amine synergists, and combinations thereof.
15. The photopolymerizable composition of claim 7 , wherein the content of the first photoinitiator ranges from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the photopolymerizable composition.
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