US1017928A - Projectile for firearms. - Google Patents

Description

G. TOCIK.

PROJEGTILE FOR PIRBARMS.

APPLICATION FILED 11017.18, 1911.

Patented Feb. 20, 1912.

[gn 004mm/ w Wu,

.HMI/772C@ UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGI TOCIK, OF PLOYESCHI, ROUMANIA.

PROJECTILE FOR FIREARMS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEoRcI Toom, a subject of the King of Roumania, and residing at 66 Strada Romana, Ployeschi, Roumania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Projectiles for Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to combination cartridges for firearms. Such cartridges may be used either as ball cartridgesin which case the shot travels to the mark in a single piece, or as small shot cartridges, in which the shot after traveling a definite distance splits up into a number of parts, which parts receive a certain spread. Previous cartridges and missiles of this type are unreliable in action and subject to various drawbacks.

The charges of coarse shot used in hunting large animals have comparatively small penetrative power, their spread is always unreliable and they are ditcult to hold together even when fired from specially constructed barrels. Other missiles, made divisible in the longitudinal direction, have also an unreliable spread, such missiles having generally the form of a bundle held together by wires or the like and when fired from the arm have a rather uncertain and not regulable spread. In every case such shot are effective at comparatively short distances only.

The present invention has for its object an improved shot or missile for cartridges of the above type which can be used with any kind of firearm, whether for hunting or military purposes, and even with cannon.

The invention consists in an improved shot or missile for cartridges of the type referred to constituted of a number of pieces of slightly conical shape longitudinally, threaded on a central pin, between each adjacent piece of which shot is inserted a disk of soft easily compressible material, whereby the shot elements can be pressed together through the agency of the pin and thus brought farther from or closer to each other in the longitudinal direction, for the purpose of regulating or if necessary eliminating the spread of the shot elements.

The example of the improved projectile hereinafter described, is adapted for hunting fairly large animals such as wolves, deer and the like.

In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2 illustrate details of the elements con- Speccaton of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 18, 1911.

Patented Feb. 20, 1912.

serial No. 661,153.

stituting the shot. Fig. 3 shows a complete cartridge with the shot in position.

The cartridge 1 is charged as usual with an explosive 13 covered by a plug or wad '2, and contains a shot or projectile constituted of a number of separate elements 3, 4, 4', 4, 4, 4, etc., and a cap 5` These shot elements are drilled longitudinally and are slightly conical. The elements are so formed that the bottom of one element is adapted to fit over the point of the element underneath, while between each two adjacent elements is provided an insertion 10, 10, 10, 10, etc. Through the holes in the elements there passes a pin 8 of a soft or brittle material which pin tits somewhat tightly in the bottom element 3 while the other elements and the top cap 5 slide easily on the pin, whereby the shot elements can be displaced laterally to a small extent rela tively to the bottom element, their longitudinal axis being in this manner slightly out of line with the axis of the barrel. In the present example the pin can be more or less pressed into the hole 11 o-f the bottom element 3 by pressing with the linger on the head 6 o`f the pin. The head 6 of the pin may be in one piece with the pin as. shown in Fig. 3 or be mounted on the pin as shown in Fig. 2, in which the shot elements can be squeezed together by pressure on the head 6, the underside of the bottom element 3 being closed in this case. As shown in Fig. 1 the pin 8 may be provided with a screw thread l5 on which is screwed a nut 14 by means of which the adjustment of the shot elements can be effected. In order to hold the shot elements against each other with a slight pressure during storage or transport a spring 7 may be provided underneath the head of the pin 6, which pin may be unconfined as shown in Fig. 2. or lodged in a recess 9 as shown in Fig. 3.

The projectiles hereinbefore described are adapted only for firearms with rifled barrels, but it is immaterial whether the rifling is right or left hand. It is however of importance that the shot elements should go into the bore of the barrel without becoming pressed into the rif-ling, the wad 2Q being sufficiently7 large to seal up the ritling of the barrel from the gases and to communicate a movement of rotation to the shot.

The disks 10, l0, 10, etc., are madeof a soft, easily compressed material, such as cotton wool.

The projectile can be used as a ball shot arriving at the mark in a single piece, or caused to split up into its constituent elements at a certain part of its trajectory, this latter action being adjusted at will by actuation of the tightening means. For example when the pin is not pressed down into the shot, so that the shot elements are as far as possible apartl from each other these latter being very movable and fitting the bore of the barrel, are displaced within the barrel in such a manner that the longitudinal axes of the different shot elements no longer coincide with the axis of the barrel. The pin 8 being, as already stated, of brittle material, in the present case of soft wood, the rotating projectile after iiring will remain coherent for a certain distance until the eccentric motion of the separate shot elements, owing to the displaced position of their centers of gravity, will exert suflicient lateral pressure on the pin to destroy the same, whereupon the shot elements can spread out from the direction of iiring.

It is obvious that the eccentricity of the different shot elements can be regulated by squeezing them closer together, which is effected by pressing on the pin before the cartridge is placed in the barrel. Then the pin is pressed home to its maximum extent so that the disks are pressed together and the shot elements almost touch each other, the shot remains in one piece during the whole of its trajectory. Exhaustive tests have shown that the spread can be very closely adjusted. For example if paper disks instead of cotton wool are inserted between the elements in projectiles for hunting weapons, it is impossible, however soft lthe disks may be, to cause the elements to spread. The springs 7 must be quite thin and exert only enough pressure to hold the shot elements together. The shot may be greased in 'the usual manner and the layer of grease 12 may serve to fill the conical interspaces.

The projectile may be made of any size and form, of any number of elements and the points of the elements may be conical as shown in Fig. l, rounded as shown in Fig. 2,

or of any other suitable form. The shot may moreover be made from one or more materials or provided with a sheath.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. A s hot or projectile for firearms, com- Y prising 1n combination a plurality of superposed shot elements fitting into each other with a certain lateral play, a central pin on which these elements are loosely threaded, disks of easily compressible material bedisks of easily compressible material between adjacent shot elements, spring means for holding the elements together during storage and transport, and means associated with the central pin for adjusting the distance apart of the elements.

3. A shot or projectile for firearms, comprising in combination a plurality of superposed shot elements fitting into each other with a cert-ain lateral play, a central pin on which these elements are loosely threaded, but which can slide with some Jfriction in the lowermost element, disks of easily compressible material between adjacent shot elements, spring means for holding the elements together during storage and transport, and means associated with the central pin for adjusting the distance apart of the elements.

4. A shot or projectile for firearms, comprising in combination a plurality of superposed shot elements fitting into each other with a certain lateral play, a central pin on which these elements are loosely threaded and which is rigidly attached to the lowermost element, an adjustable collar on the upl per end of the pin, disks of easily compressible material between adjacent shot elements, spring means for holding the elements together during storage and transport, and means associated with the central pin for adjusting the distance apart of the elements. v

5. A shot or projectile for firearms, comprising in combination a plurality of superposed shot elements fitting into each other' with a certain lateral play, a central pin on which these elements are loosely threaded and which is rigidly attached to the lowermost element, a nut working on the screwed upper end of the pin, disks of easily compressible material between adjacent shot elements, spring means for holding the elements together during storage and transport, and means associated with the central pin for adjusting the distance apart of the elements.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGI TOCIK.

Witnesses: j

THEO. DoLMEN, OsKAR Duim.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

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