US10001354B2 - Munition - Google Patents

Munition Download PDF

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Publication number
US10001354B2
US10001354B2 US15/026,994 US201315026994A US10001354B2 US 10001354 B2 US10001354 B2 US 10001354B2 US 201315026994 A US201315026994 A US 201315026994A US 10001354 B2 US10001354 B2 US 10001354B2
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Prior art keywords
munition
explosive
body part
fragmentation
fragmentation material
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US15/026,994
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US20160258729A1 (en
Inventor
Juho Kalliala
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LEIJONA INSTITUUTTI Oy
Leijona Instituuti Oy
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Leijona Instituuti Oy
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Assigned to LEIJONA INSTITUUTTI OY reassignment LEIJONA INSTITUUTTI OY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KALLIALA, Juho
Publication of US20160258729A1 publication Critical patent/US20160258729A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/202—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking land area or area targets, e.g. airburst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a munition according to preamble of patent claim 1 , especially a munition to be exploded in air at a position above an intended target, the munition comprising:
  • grenades detonated in the air above the intended target and using a proximity detonator has been known and used since the Second World War.
  • this type of grenades to be launched from a grenade launcher for short distance artillery grenades to be delivered from intermediate distance and aerial bombs, missiles and rockets for longer distances.
  • a grenade detonated in the air above the intended target directs the fragmentation material towards the ground mainly because of the grenade structure and the trajectory velocity of the falling down grenade.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a munition that has a predetermined direction of delivering fragmentation material when exploded and has only minor part of fragments spreading around.
  • One further objective is a capability to act as a payload of canister munition of grenades, aerial bombs, rockets and missiles or as a take off canister munition.
  • the present invention is characterised in that the munition comprises a layered structure so that the body part has a convex shaped support element facing the explosive, the explosive is formed to a shape corresponding the convex shape of the body part and the matrix of fragmentation material is arranged in a convex shape corresponding the shape of the explosive, the detonator is positioned at the apex of the explosive, wherein the layered structure is designed to cause, when detonated, a directional explosion cone of the fragmentation material in order to form a delimited distribution pattern of the fragmentation material over the target area.
  • the present invention offers an alternative warfare, a munition where the efficiency of the munition is improved such that the most part of the fragmentation material is directed to the intended target and only a minority is lost as spreading around to directions where the fragmentation material is wasted or even harmful.
  • the net weight of fragmentation material hitting the possible targets compared to the gross weight of the whole munition including its carrier is improved.
  • the munition is formed as round, square, quadrangle, hexagonal, parallelogram or corresponding shape in a plane direction and a convex shape in the direction perpendicular to the plane, thus the parts effecting to the explosion cone shape of the munition are formed in a dome shape.
  • the other parts of the munition may follow the shape of the munition and thus for example the explosive can be of the same shape as the munition.
  • the shape of the circumference is one design factor but it can be selected within certain limits on the basis of the selected munition carrier. So for example for artillery launched grenades the circular is the optimal shape and in some other carrier type some other shape is still able to produce quite similar effect.
  • the convex shape is selected according to the wanted explosion cone.
  • the convex shape can be for example a segment or a part of a spheroidal, parabolical or similar double-curvature surface.
  • the explosive is formed as a layer of even thickness or it is shaped to a lens shape having uneven thickness.
  • the shape and thickness of the explosive layer together with the explosive material parameters, such as velocity of detonation and the position of the detonator at the apex, etc., is designed such that an advancing detonation frontal in the explosive launches the fragmentation material to the intended direction.
  • the munition is design according to the primary target properties, the fragmentation unit size is designed and so is the intended detonation altitude, etc.
  • suitable explosives for the purpose in tradenames or codes such as C-4, PENO, Semtex, etc.
  • the detonator comprises a range detecting device wherein the wanted detection range or altitude can be set. It can also be fully preset, so that the munition is constantly set to detonate for example at 25 meters above the detected target or ground.
  • the range detecting device typically comprises a laser or a radar apparatus for determining the distance between the munition and the target or ground.
  • the matrix of fragmentation material comprises metallic, ceramic, plastic materials or combinations thereof. These can be bond together to form a single piece which fragments at the explosion or the fragmentation material can be separately contained but packed on the space inside the munition.
  • An average mass of one fragment unit of the fragmentation material is in the range of 0.0001 kg to 0.200 kg.
  • the design weight of one fragment unit depends on the intended target and its armouring. For no-armoured or very light armouring targets the unit weight may be smaller and for heavier targets for instance in armoured personnel carrier vehicles the unit weight is selected to be heavier. High density and high hardness materials are among preferred materials.
  • the body part forms a shell around the explosive and the matrix of the fragmentation material.
  • the body part may be of fiber reinforced plastic, glassfiber coated plastic, metallic material, etc.
  • the main function of the body part is to give the correct shape to the explosive and protect the munition for any deterioration during storage, handling and launching.
  • the body part can also be used in the manufacturing phase as a cast mold for explosive material to be cast to a void space inside or on the body part.
  • One shape relating issue is that advantageously the munitions can be compactly packed next to each other so that there are no space wasted.
  • the construction of the body part is such that multiple munitions are pliable together.
  • the munition is comprises aerial guiding means such as a parachute or aerofoils to stabilize the movement of the munition during delivery in the air.
  • the aerial guiding means can be active or passive so that it is activated on certain altitude or for example due to the opening of the carrier, or it is passive so that the fixed aerofoils causes a predetermined angle of attack and possible rotation for stabilizing effect of the munition as a projectile.
  • the present munition can be delivered inside various means to the target area. Grenades, aerial bombs, rockets and missiles are possible means for delivery.
  • the munition is arranged as a take off canister comprising the munition and a take off charge device for launching the munition up to the air on remote control command or triggered by selected excitation or impulse.
  • the take off charge launches the munition up to the air where possibly the stabilizing parachute opens, stabilizes the flight and then at a predetermined height the munition is detonated and it explodes. This can also operate without the parachute, just launch the munition up with the take off charge device and then detonate the explosive at a proper height and an appropriate time.
  • FIG. 1 presents a schematical cross section of the munition
  • FIG. 2 presents a schematical cross section of the take off canister application of the munition
  • FIG. 3 a -3 h presents some of the possible shapes of the munition from below
  • FIG. 4 presents some of the possible delivery means of the munition
  • FIG. 5 presents a possible explosion cone of the munition
  • FIG. 6 presents a take off canister application
  • FIG. 7 presents an other take off canister application
  • FIG. 8 presents an illustration of an explosion cone and a distribution pattern.
  • FIG. 1 it is presented a munition 1 to be exploded in air at a position above an intended target, the munition 1 comprising:
  • an explosive 2 comprising an amount of explosive material
  • a body part 4 to support and hold the parts of the munition 1 together until detonated
  • the munition comprises a layered structure so that the body part 4 has a convex shaped support element 40 facing the explosive 2 , the explosive is formed to a shape corresponding the convex shape of the body part 4 and the matrix of fragmentation material 3 is arranged in a convex shape corresponding the shape of the explosive 2 , the detonator 5 is positioned at the apex 20 of the explosive, wherein the layered structure is designed to cause, when detonated, a directional explosion cone of the fragmentation material 3 in order to form a delimited distribution pattern of the fragmentation material 3 over the target area.
  • the dome angle ⁇ determines partly the explosion cone shape. Designing the exact shape of the convex can be done for example with mathematical simulation tools so that the shape and explosive properties are calculated and combined so that the explosion cone is as intended and the distribution of fragmentation material over the target area is even enough.
  • the body part 3 forms a shell around the explosive and the matrix of the fragmentation material.
  • the body part may be of fiber reinforced plastic, glass-fiber coated plastic, metallic material, etc. thus there are plenty of possibilities for the material.
  • one aspect of the body part is that the other devices like the detonator, possible detonation control electronics, flight stabilizing devices i.e. aerial guiding means need to be attached together and the body part is serving also that purpose.
  • the one of main functions of the body part is to give the correct shape to the explosive and protect the munition for any deterioration during storage, handling and launching.
  • an auxiliary part can be used for the purpose of shape determination of the explosive.
  • the body part can also be used in the manufacturing phase as a cast mold for explosive material to be cast to a void space inside or on the body part.
  • One shape relating issue is that advantageously the munitions can be compactly packed next to each other so that there are no space wasted.
  • the construction of the body part is such that multiple munitions are pliable together.
  • FIG. 2 it is presented an embodiment comprising a munition similar to FIG. 1 but fitted for a take off canister application.
  • the basic parts are the same as disclosed in connection with FIG. 1 but there are in addition a take off charge device or devices 6 , which are configured for launching the munition 1 up to the air on command such as remote control command or triggered by selected excitation or impulse.
  • Basic application is an electrically ignitable gunpowder or corresponding explosive charge which is capable of launch the munition to a wanted height.
  • FIG. 2 it is also shown an embodiment with an aerial guiding means such as a openable parachute for stabilize the landing phase before the detonation.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown only one possible alternative of the aerial guiding means as packed, different type of aerofoils can be also be used for the same purpose or it can be without the aerial guiding means, just to launch the munition up and detonate the explosive.
  • FIGS. 3 a to 3 g it is presented some of the various possible forms of the munition.
  • the shape of the munition can be for example round ( FIG. 3 a ), square ( FIG. 3 d ), quadrangle ( FIG. 3 g ), hexagonal ( FIG. 3 b ), heptagon ( FIG. 3 c ), star-shaped ( FIG. 3 e ), oval ( FIG. 3 f ), asymmetric “free form” ( FIG. 3 h ), parallelogram or corresponding shape in a plane direction
  • the present munition 1 can be a payload of canister munition of, for example, rockets and missiles, grenades or aerial bombs.
  • delivering comprises plurality of said munition.
  • an artillery grenade there may be 10 to 15 pieces of 2 kg munition inside, but in a large aerial bomb there may be even a couple of hundred pieces of smaller munition inside or for example 20 pieces of 20 kg munitions.
  • phase I the delivery means such as an artillery rocket opens up at a location above the intended target and diffuses the munition around. There are suitable technology readily available to perform this ejection or spreading around phase I.
  • an aerial guiding means 7 such as parachute is activated or opens and stabilizes the flight of now separately to each other falling munitions. Especially the aerial guiding means corrects and stabilizes the attack of angle of the munition so that the munition is in correct orientation, fragmentation material towards the target.
  • a range detecting device or corresponding trigger has been activated and it measures the distance to the target or ground by for example with a laser beam 550 .
  • phase III at the preset height, for example on command of a laser range detecting device or of a radar type, when the beam 550 length reaches the trigger limit and then the munition is detonated and it explodes.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 it is presented a take off canister application function in principle.
  • an electrically ignitable gunpowder or corresponding explosive charge launches (phase I) the munition to a wanted height (phase II) where it explodes. This can be caused for example by a delay detonator or corresponding.
  • FIG. 7 it is also shown an embodiment with an aerial guiding means such as a openable parachute for stabilize the landing phase before the detonation.
  • FIG. 8 it is presented an illustration of the exploding munition 1 causing the fragmentation material 3 to fly mostly inside an explosion cone 12 and then hitting the ground or other target area and creating a delimited distribution pattern 100 of the fragmentation material. It is optimal when single fragments are spread evenly on the intended area and creating the delimited distribution pattern 100 .
  • the explosion cone angle is approximately 90 degrees.
  • the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the above-described embodiment examples.
  • Expressions representing the existence of characteristics are non-restrictive such that the description of characteristics does not exclude or prerequisite the existence of such other characteristics which are not presented in the independent or dependent claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US15/026,994 2013-10-02 2013-10-02 Munition Active 2034-02-21 US10001354B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2013/050951 WO2015049411A1 (en) 2013-10-02 2013-10-02 Munition

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US20160258729A1 US20160258729A1 (en) 2016-09-08
US10001354B2 true US10001354B2 (en) 2018-06-19

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US15/026,994 Active 2034-02-21 US10001354B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2013-10-02 Munition

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Country Link
US (1) US10001354B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP3052889B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2016536561A (ko)
KR (1) KR102033772B1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2013402383B2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2926165C (ko)
IL (1) IL244756B (ko)
WO (1) WO2015049411A1 (ko)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018178504A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Leijona Instituutti Oy Matrix of fragmentation material and a method for creating the matrix
KR102546040B1 (ko) * 2020-12-15 2023-06-20 한화에어로스페이스 주식회사 공중폭발탄 신관 및 이를 구비한 무기체계
RU208738U1 (ru) * 2021-04-12 2022-01-11 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "ВОЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулева" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Кассетный многоцелевой снаряд

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2972949A (en) 1956-01-18 1961-02-28 Norman A Macleod Anti-personnel fragmentation weapon
SE341361B (ko) 1970-04-24 1971-12-20 Foerenade Fabriksverken
US3750587A (en) 1971-09-23 1973-08-07 Foerenade Fabriksverken Projectile having changeable outer form
DE2340652A1 (de) 1972-08-18 1974-04-04 Fmc Corp Geschosswaffe
US3818833A (en) 1972-08-18 1974-06-25 Fmc Corp Independent multiple head forward firing system
FR2520862A1 (fr) 1982-02-04 1983-08-05 France Etat Mine anti-personnel a effet dirige
GB2142418A (en) 1979-01-03 1985-01-16 Commw Of Australia Cluster bombs
DE3900442A1 (de) 1989-01-10 1990-07-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co Bomblet
DE4002409A1 (de) 1990-01-27 1991-08-01 Diehl Gmbh & Co Landmine
GB2275322A (en) 1988-05-20 1994-08-24 Diehl Gmbh & Co Dual purpose mine
US6619210B1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-09-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Explosively formed penetrator (EFP) and fragmenting warhead
DE102010045516A1 (de) 2010-09-15 2012-03-15 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Flugkörper mit ausstellbarem Splittergefechtskopf

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE533045C2 (sv) 2008-09-09 2010-06-15 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Verkansdel med valbar initiering
JP5461059B2 (ja) 2009-05-07 2014-04-02 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース 弾薬システム

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2972949A (en) 1956-01-18 1961-02-28 Norman A Macleod Anti-personnel fragmentation weapon
SE341361B (ko) 1970-04-24 1971-12-20 Foerenade Fabriksverken
US3750587A (en) 1971-09-23 1973-08-07 Foerenade Fabriksverken Projectile having changeable outer form
DE2340652A1 (de) 1972-08-18 1974-04-04 Fmc Corp Geschosswaffe
US3818833A (en) 1972-08-18 1974-06-25 Fmc Corp Independent multiple head forward firing system
GB2142418A (en) 1979-01-03 1985-01-16 Commw Of Australia Cluster bombs
GB2142419A (en) 1979-01-03 1985-01-16 Commw Of Australia Sub-munition for a cluster bomb
FR2520862A1 (fr) 1982-02-04 1983-08-05 France Etat Mine anti-personnel a effet dirige
GB2275322A (en) 1988-05-20 1994-08-24 Diehl Gmbh & Co Dual purpose mine
DE3900442A1 (de) 1989-01-10 1990-07-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co Bomblet
DE4002409A1 (de) 1990-01-27 1991-08-01 Diehl Gmbh & Co Landmine
US6619210B1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-09-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Explosively formed penetrator (EFP) and fragmenting warhead
DE102010045516A1 (de) 2010-09-15 2012-03-15 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Flugkörper mit ausstellbarem Splittergefechtskopf

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Japan Patent Office, Office Action issued on JP2016-546176, dated Apr. 18, 2017.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2926165A1 (en) 2015-04-09
CA2926165C (en) 2020-07-21
KR102033772B1 (ko) 2019-10-17
US20160258729A1 (en) 2016-09-08
KR20160087382A (ko) 2016-07-21
AU2013402383B2 (en) 2017-03-09
AU2013402383A1 (en) 2016-04-28
EP3052889A1 (en) 2016-08-10
WO2015049411A1 (en) 2015-04-09
JP2016536561A (ja) 2016-11-24
IL244756B (en) 2019-10-31
EP3052889B1 (en) 2019-02-06
IL244756A0 (en) 2016-04-21

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