TWM604247U

TWM604247U - Synchronous multi-beam laser cladding device

Info

Publication number: TWM604247U
Application number: TW109207928U
Authority: TW
Inventors: 陳天青
Original assignee: 精鐳光電科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2020-06-22
Filing date: 2020-06-22
Publication date: 2020-11-21

Abstract

本創作提供一種同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，可應用於積層製造輔助系統，藉由在雷射加工系統中之雷射工具頭外部增加多個雷射束實現雷射束分段啟動、雷射光斑尺寸擴大之需求。當主雷射束激光開啟並且進行掃描移動時，可針對欲加工之材料，同步實現預熱、熱源擴大並且提升積層製造產品的品質。該多光束雷射架構乃是由主光束結合輔助光束所形成之雷射融覆噴嘴，透過運用輔助光束增加融覆效率之雷射加工，以實現彈性可控制輸入之雷射加工頭。This creation provides a synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device, which can be applied to a layered manufacturing auxiliary system. By adding multiple laser beams outside the laser tool head in the laser processing system, the laser beam can be started in segments, The demand for laser spot size expansion. When the main laser beam is turned on and scanning moves, the material to be processed can be synchronized to achieve preheating, heat source expansion and improve the quality of laminated products. The multi-beam laser structure is a laser melting nozzle formed by the main beam combined with an auxiliary beam. The laser processing uses the auxiliary beam to increase the melting efficiency to realize a laser processing head with flexible controllable input.

Description

同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置Synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device

本創作係與雷射適用領域相關，尤其是一種可運用於積層材料製造之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置。This creation is related to the field of laser applications, especially a synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device that can be used in the manufacture of laminated materials.

隨著智慧製造以及數位實體轉換技術的到來，為了能夠滿足綠色環保為前提的發展基礎之下，迫切的需要對目前傳統的製造模式進行升級，原因在於模具領域、汽車領域、以及航空領域等，使用著大量的零組件，而這些零組件因為頻繁的被使用，致使零組件容易受到磨耗/腐蝕等損傷，降低零組件的使用壽命。另一方面，上述的零組件往往在幾何形狀上偏向複雜，加工程序繁瑣且耗時長，因此，為了解決上述的問題，對於表面磨耗的修復再製造技術以及快速積層製造零組件的技術具有極大的發展空間。With the advent of smart manufacturing and digital entity conversion technology, in order to meet the prerequisite of green and environmental protection, it is urgent to upgrade the current traditional manufacturing model. The reason lies in the field of molds, automobiles, and aviation. A large number of components are used, and these components are frequently used, causing the components to be easily damaged by abrasion/corrosion, and reducing the service life of the components. On the other hand, the above-mentioned components are often complex in geometry, cumbersome and time-consuming. Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the technology of repairing and remanufacturing surface abrasion and rapid stacking of components has great advantages. Space for development.

由於雷射加工系統於修復再製造與快速積層製造方面，不論是設備或是製程氣體的使用，相較於熱／冷噴塗對於可修復的面積與零件可修復的深度以及內孔表面處理而言，其應用面與成本考量更較熱／冷噴塗具有發展優勢。發展至今，不論是金屬材料或是陶瓷材料，皆可使用，特別是針對材料表面進行改質處理，提升或是增加材料表面之耐磨耗，耐腐蝕或抗高溫氧化等功能。Because the laser processing system is used in repair and remanufacturing and rapid build-up manufacturing, whether it is the use of equipment or process gas, compared with hot/cold spraying, the repairable area, the repairable depth of the part and the surface treatment of the inner hole are compared. , Its application and cost considerations are more advantageous than hot/cold spraying. So far, it can be used whether it is metal materials or ceramic materials, especially for the modification of the surface of the material to improve or increase the wear resistance, corrosion resistance or high temperature oxidation resistance of the material surface.

然而，裂紋與孔隙乃是雷射修復再製造與快速積層製造中最為常見的缺欠。這些缺欠形成的主要原因來自於無法精準的控制冶金材料由高溫冷卻至常溫的冶金化學反應與凝固行為。However, cracks and voids are the most common defects in laser repair remanufacturing and rapid build-up manufacturing. The main reason for these deficiencies comes from the inability to accurately control the metallurgical chemical reaction and solidification behavior of metallurgical materials from high temperature to normal temperature.

製程中，凝固裂紋又稱結晶裂紋，產生在金屬凝固過程的後期。當金屬材料由形核、晶粒成長、到通過晶界，一直到最後快要完成結晶，與此同時，晶粒間尚存在著很薄的液相層，流動性且塑性低，一旦，冷卻過程中溫度分佈不均勻，當材料冷凝收縮，產生拉伸變形超過臨界值時，則裂紋便會沿著晶界附近的液相層發生開裂。這種裂紋大多起源於樹枝晶的最終匯合處，沿著晶間擴展，嚴重時，裂紋將會一直擴展到融覆層表面，特別是，含硫、磷(有時含矽，碳)較多的碳鋼材料中、例如高碳鋼材、耐熱鋼、鎳基合金及鋁合金，於焊縫處都特別容易出現凝固裂紋。During the manufacturing process, solidification cracks, also known as crystallization cracks, occur in the late stage of the metal solidification process. When the metal material has grown from nucleation, grain growth, to passing through the grain boundary, until the final crystallization is almost complete, at the same time, there is still a thin liquid layer between the grains, which has low fluidity and low plasticity. Once, the cooling process The medium temperature distribution is not uniform. When the material condenses and shrinks and the tensile deformation exceeds the critical value, the cracks will crack along the liquid layer near the grain boundary. This kind of cracks mostly originate from the final junction of dendrites and extend along the intercrystalline. In severe cases, the cracks will extend to the surface of the cladding layer, especially containing more sulfur and phosphorus (sometimes containing silicon and carbon). Among the carbon steel materials, such as high-carbon steel, heat-resistant steel, nickel-based alloys and aluminum alloys, solidification cracks are particularly prone to appear in the weld.

另一方面，在雷射積層製造中，雷射的焦點距離決定了雷射光斑尺寸的大小，而光斑尺寸決定了熔池的大小，因此，為了獲得一足夠大的光斑尺寸，焦點位置往往處於離焦狀態，又由於雷射作用到材料表面的能量密度以及融覆過程中粉末材料之得料率很大程度取決於光斑尺寸，因此，為了獲得一良好品質的融覆層，往往需要高功率的雷射源才能實現。On the other hand, in laser multilayer manufacturing, the focal distance of the laser determines the size of the laser spot, and the spot size determines the size of the molten pool. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficiently large spot size, the focal position is often The defocusing state, and because of the energy density of the laser acting on the surface of the material and the yield rate of the powder material during the cladding process largely depend on the spot size, therefore, in order to obtain a good quality cladding layer, high-powered Laser source can be realized.

為了解決上述在雷射積層製造製程中常見之缺失，本團隊就多年來的經驗，構思一種多光束雷射融覆加工頭應用於積層製造輔助系統之裝置。透過支架機構輔助架設輔雷射束，將輔雷射束對準主雷射束光斑，有效地解決雷射光斑尺寸，熔池偏小與提供一相對均勻之熔池溫度範圍，使融覆材料進入熔池時可以有效被熔融結合進一步提升得料率。In order to solve the above-mentioned common deficiencies in the laser layer manufacturing process, based on years of experience, our team conceived a device for applying a multi-beam laser cladding processing head to a layered manufacturing auxiliary system. The auxiliary laser beam is assisted by the bracket mechanism to align the auxiliary laser beam to the main laser beam spot, effectively solving the laser spot size, the molten pool is small, and a relatively uniform temperature range of the molten pool is provided to melt the material When entering the molten pool, it can be effectively melted and combined to further increase the yield.

本創作之一目的，旨在提供一種雷射融覆裝置，藉以增加光斑尺寸，促使融覆粉末材料進入到熔池中時能更有效的提升得料率，藉由均勻穩定溫度分佈之特性，使該融覆塗層具有較高均勻性生產品質。One of the purposes of this creation is to provide a laser thawing device to increase the spot size, so that when the fused powder material enters the molten pool, the yield rate can be more effectively increased. With the uniform and stable temperature distribution, the The cladding coating has high uniformity production quality.

為達上述目的，本創作係揭示一種同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，供以針對一待加工物進行雷射融覆加工，包含：一融覆頭本體，設有一主雷射束而用以形成一主光斑；複數個支架，係分別設置有一輔助雷射束，該等支架係環繞設置於該融覆頭本體之側邊，而使該等輔助雷射束環繞該主雷射束設置，且該等輔助雷射束用以形成一次光斑；其中，該主光斑與該次光斑疊合後形成一融覆光斑；一粉末流道，設於該主雷射束之一側，且該粉末流道提供一融覆粉末至該融覆光斑中而形成一熔池；及一基座，供以置放該待加工物，其中該融覆頭本體與該等支架係可相對該基座同步移動。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, this creation system discloses a synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device for laser thawing processing of an object to be processed, including: a thawing head body provided with a main laser beam for use To form a main spot; a plurality of brackets are respectively provided with an auxiliary laser beam, the brackets are arranged around the side of the fusion head body, so that the auxiliary laser beams are arranged around the main laser beam , And the auxiliary laser beams are used to form a primary spot; wherein the main spot and the secondary spot are superimposed to form a fusion spot; a powder flow channel is arranged on one side of the main laser beam, and the The powder flow channel provides a fusion coating powder to the fusion spot to form a molten pool; and a base for placing the object to be processed, wherein the fusion coating head body and the brackets can be opposed to the base Synchronous movement.

較佳地，其中，該等輔助雷射束係等距間隔設置。Preferably, the auxiliary laser beams are arranged at equal intervals.

較佳地，其中，該次光斑係接續於該主光斑週緣而疊合形成該融覆光斑。Preferably, the secondary spot is connected to the periphery of the main spot to overlap to form the fusion spot.

較佳地，其中，該融覆粉末係相對該融覆光斑為非對稱式側送粉模式進行融覆。Preferably, wherein the fusion coating powder is fused in an asymmetrical side powder feeding mode relative to the fusion spot.

較佳地，其中，該融覆粉末係相對該融覆光斑為對稱式同軸送粉模式進行融覆。Preferably, the fusion coating powder is fused in a symmetric coaxial powder feeding mode relative to the fusion spot.

較佳地，其中，該等支架係可移動後分別相對該基座形成60~80度之夾角。Preferably, the brackets are movable and form an included angle of 60 to 80 degrees with respect to the base.

較佳地，其中，該等支架係可移動後分別與該基座形成100~180mm之間距。Preferably, the brackets are movable and form a distance of 100-180 mm from the base.

為使貴審查委員能清楚了解本創作之內容，謹以下列說明搭配圖式，敬請參閱。其中各圖所示之表現，皆僅為利於說明本案技術特徵之示意，並非指本創作僅能以該些方式為其實施。請參閱第1~4圖，係分別為本創作之各個較佳實施例之作動示意圖及裝置示意圖。In order for your reviewers to have a clear understanding of the content of this creation, please refer to the following descriptions and diagrams. The performance shown in each figure is only a schematic diagram for explaining the technical features of the case, and does not mean that this creation can only be implemented in these ways. Please refer to Figures 1 to 4, which are schematic diagrams of the action and device of each preferred embodiment of the creation.

其中，本創作係揭示一種同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，供以針對一待加工物9進行雷射融覆加工，其中該雷射融覆裝置係包含有一融覆頭本體1、複數個支架2、一粉末流道30及一基座5。其中該融覆頭本體1設有一主雷射束10可供以形成一主光斑101，而該等支架2係分別設置有一輔助雷射束20，且該等支架2係環繞設置於融覆頭本體1之側邊，而使等輔助雷射束20環繞該主雷射束10設置，且該等輔助雷射束20係可供以形成一次光斑201。進一步地，該主光斑101與該次光斑201之設置角度係可以使二者疊合後形成一融覆光斑40。據此，該融覆光斑40具有較佳之溫度分佈均勻穩定特性，且融覆光斑尺寸面積亦較傳統融覆範圍大，據此可提升得料率。另外，該粉末流道30係設於該主雷射束10之一側，且該粉末流道30提供一融覆粉末301至該融覆光斑40中之一熔池302而形成融覆塗層303。該基座5供以置放該待加工物9，其中，為增進於加工上之雷射調控彈性，該融覆頭本體1與該等支架2係可相對該基座5同步移動，以藉此使雷射相對待加工物9之調整更為一致，大幅增進融覆加工時之精準性。Among them, this creation is to disclose a synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device for laser thawing processing on a to-be-processed object 9, wherein the laser thawing device includes a thawing head body 1, a plurality of Support 2, a powder flow channel 30 and a base 5. The thawing head body 1 is provided with a main laser beam 10 for forming a main spot 101, and the brackets 2 are respectively provided with an auxiliary laser beam 20, and the brackets 2 are arranged around the thawing head On the side of the main body 1, the auxiliary laser beams 20 are arranged around the main laser beam 10, and the auxiliary laser beams 20 can be used to form a primary spot 201. Further, the setting angle of the main spot 101 and the secondary spot 201 can be such that the two overlap to form a fusion spot 40. Accordingly, the fusion spot 40 has better uniform and stable temperature distribution characteristics, and the size and area of the fusion spot is also larger than the traditional fusion range, thereby increasing the material yield. In addition, the powder runner 30 is arranged on one side of the main laser beam 10, and the powder runner 30 provides a fused powder 301 to a molten pool 302 in the fused spot 40 to form a fused coating 303. The base 5 is used to place the object 9 to be processed. In order to increase the laser control flexibility in processing, the fusion head body 1 and the brackets 2 can move synchronously relative to the base 5 to This makes the adjustment of the laser relative to the object to be processed 9 more consistent, and greatly improves the accuracy of the cladding processing.

進一步地，為了使該等輔助雷射束20形成之該次光斑201與該主光斑101具有較佳之疊覆效果，其中該等輔助雷射束20係為等距間隔設置，以一圈360度而言，設置三個該等輔助雷射束20，彼此間係以間隔約120度夾角而為設置；設置四個該等輔助雷射束20，彼此間係以間隔約90度夾角而為設置，而依此類推。Further, in order to make the secondary spot 201 formed by the auxiliary laser beams 20 and the main spot 101 have a better overlapping effect, the auxiliary laser beams 20 are arranged at equal intervals, with a circle of 360 degrees. In other words, three of the auxiliary laser beams 20 are arranged at an angle of about 120 degrees between each other; four auxiliary laser beams 20 are arranged at an angle of about 90 degrees between each other. , And so on.

進一步地，由於增加該融覆光斑40大小可以提升得料率，故基此考量，該次光斑201係可接續於該主光斑101週緣，進而疊合形成該融覆光斑40之整體範圍。如此一來，融覆光斑40便使可相應生成之該熔池302範圍大幅提升，當融覆粉末201進入至該熔池302範圍之後，可有效增加得料率。Furthermore, since increasing the size of the fusion spot 40 can increase the yield, based on this consideration, the secondary spot 201 can be connected to the periphery of the main spot 101 and then overlap to form the entire range of the fusion spot 40. In this way, the melting spot 40 greatly increases the range of the molten pool 302 that can be generated accordingly, and when the melting powder 201 enters the range of the molten pool 302, the material yield can be effectively increased.

同時，針對該待加工物9之積層材料進行融覆加工時，該融覆粉末301係可以選擇以相對該融覆光斑40為非對稱式側送粉模式進行融覆，如第2圖所示；或該融覆粉末301係選擇以相對該融覆光斑40為對稱式同軸送粉模式進行融覆，如第3圖所示。而無論以何種送料方式進行融覆，透過本技術手段之多光束雷射融覆方式，皆可有效形成較佳之融覆效果。At the same time, when the laminated material of the object to be processed 9 is thawed, the fused powder 301 can be fused in an asymmetrical side powder feeding mode relative to the fused spot 40, as shown in Figure 2. Or the fusion coating powder 301 is selected to be fused in a symmetric coaxial powder feeding mode relative to the fusion spot 40, as shown in Figure 3. Regardless of the feeding method used for melting, the multi-beam laser melting method of this technical means can effectively form a better melting effect.

再者，為了加強彈性可控制輸入之雷射加工，該等支架2係可移動後分別相對該基座5形成60~80度之夾角。較佳地，該等支架2係可移動後分別與該基座5形成100~180mm之間距。透過前述角度與距離之變化，可有效彈性調整該融覆光斑40尺寸及該熔池302溫度分佈，據此可針對不同積層材及該融覆粉末301皆可有效實現雷射融覆後材料製程功效。Furthermore, in order to enhance the flexibility of laser processing with controllable input, the brackets 2 can be moved to form an angle of 60 to 80 degrees with respect to the base 5 respectively. Preferably, the brackets 2 are movable and form a distance of 100-180 mm with the base 5 respectively. Through the aforementioned changes in angle and distance, the size of the fusion spot 40 and the temperature distribution of the molten pool 302 can be adjusted flexibly. According to this, the laser fusion process can be effectively realized for different laminated materials and the fusion powder 301. effect.

綜上所述，本案之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，可應用於積層製造輔助系統，藉由在雷射加工系統中之雷射工具頭外部增加多個雷射束實現雷射束分段啟動、雷射光斑尺寸擴大之需求。當主雷射束激光開啟並且進行掃描移動時，可針對欲加工之材料，同步實現預熱、熱源擴大並且提升積層製造產品的品質。據此利用彈性可控制輸入之雷射加工頭，有效增加光斑尺寸，促使融覆粉末材料進入到熔池中時能更有效的提升得料率，藉由均勻穩定溫度分佈之特性，使該融覆塗層具有較高均勻性生產品質。To sum up, the synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device of this case can be applied to the multilayer manufacturing auxiliary system. By adding multiple laser beams outside the laser tool head in the laser processing system to achieve laser beam splitting Segment activation and laser spot size expansion. When the main laser beam is turned on and scanning moves, it can simultaneously realize preheating, expansion of heat source and improve the quality of laminated products for the material to be processed. According to this, the laser processing head with flexible controllable input can effectively increase the spot size, and promote the melting of powder materials into the molten pool to more effectively increase the material yield. The uniform and stable temperature distribution characteristics make the melting The coating has high uniformity production quality.

以上所述者，僅為本創作之較佳實施例而已，並非用以限定本創作之權利範圍；故在不脫離本創作之均等範圍下所做之變化、修飾或替換相同功能之元件，仍皆應涵蓋於本創作之專利範圍內。The above are only the preferred embodiments of this creation, and are not used to limit the scope of rights of this creation; therefore, changes, modifications, or replacements of elements with the same functions made without departing from the equal scope of this creation are still All should be covered in the scope of the patent of this creation.

1:融覆頭本體 10:主雷射束 101:主光斑 2:支架 20:輔助雷射束 201:次光斑 30:粉末流道 301:融覆粉末 302:熔池 303:融覆塗層 40:融覆光斑 5:基座 9:待加工物1: Melting head body 10: Main laser beam 101: Main spot 2: bracket 20: auxiliary laser beam 201: secondary spot 30: powder runner 301: Melting powder 302: Weld Pool 303: Melting coating 40: Melting spot 5: Pedestal 9: Object to be processed

第1圖，為本創作較佳實施例之作動示意圖。第2圖，為本創作另一較佳實施例之作動示意圖。第3圖，為本創作又一較佳實施例之作動示意圖。第4圖，為本創作較佳實施例之裝置示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the action of a preferred embodiment of creation. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the action of another preferred embodiment of the creation. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the action of another preferred embodiment of the creation. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a device for creating a preferred embodiment.

1:融覆頭本體 1: Melting head body

10:主雷射束 10: Main laser beam

2:支架 2: bracket

20:輔助雷射束 20: auxiliary laser beam

30:粉末流道 30: powder runner

5:基座 5: Pedestal

Claims

一種同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，供以針對一待加工物進行雷射融覆加工，包含：一融覆頭本體，設有一主雷射束而用以形成一主光斑；複數個支架，係分別設置有一輔助雷射束，該等支架係環繞設置於該融覆頭本體之側邊，而使該等輔助雷射束環繞該主雷射束設置，且該等輔助雷射束用以形成一次光斑；其中，該主光斑與該次光斑疊合後形成一融覆光斑；一粉末流道，設於該主雷射束之一側，且該粉末流道提供一融覆粉末至該融覆光斑中而形成一熔池；及一基座，供以置放該待加工物，其中該融覆頭本體與該等支架係可相對該基座同步移動。 A synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device for laser thawing processing of an object to be processed, including: A fusion head body is provided with a main laser beam to form a main spot; A plurality of brackets are respectively provided with an auxiliary laser beam, and the brackets are arranged around the side of the fusion head body, so that the auxiliary laser beams are arranged around the main laser beam, and the auxiliary laser beams are arranged around the main laser beam. The beam is used to form a primary spot; wherein the main spot and the secondary spot are superimposed to form a fusion spot; A powder flow channel arranged on one side of the main laser beam, and the powder flow channel provides a fusion powder to the fusion spot to form a molten pool; and A base for placing the object to be processed, wherein the fusion head body and the brackets can move synchronously relative to the base.

如請求項1所述之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，其中，該等輔助雷射束係等距間隔設置。The synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary laser beams are arranged at equal intervals.

如請求項2所述之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，其中，該次光斑係接續於該主光斑週緣而疊合形成該融覆光斑。The synchronous multi-beam laser fusion device according to claim 2, wherein the secondary spot is connected to the periphery of the main spot and overlaps to form the fusion spot.

如請求項3所述之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，其中，該融覆粉末係相對該融覆光斑為非對稱式側送粉模式進行融覆。The synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device according to claim 3, wherein the fused powder is fused in an asymmetrical side powder feeding mode with respect to the fusion spot.

如請求項3所述之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，其中，該融覆粉末係相對該融覆光斑為對稱式同軸送粉模式進行融覆。The synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device according to claim 3, wherein the fused powder is fused in a symmetrical coaxial powder feeding mode relative to the fusion spot.

如請求項1~5其中任一項所述之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，其中，該等支架係可移動後分別相對該基座形成60~80度之夾角。The synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the brackets are movable and form an angle of 60 to 80 degrees with respect to the base.

如請求項6所述之同步式多光束雷射融覆裝置，其中，該等支架係可移動後分別與該基座形成100~180mm之間距。The synchronous multi-beam laser thawing device according to claim 6, wherein the brackets are movable and form a distance of 100 to 180 mm from the base.