CN111005022B - Method for preparing high-hardness iron-based coating on surface of beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers in synergy mode - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-hardness iron-based coating on surface of beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers in synergy mode Download PDF

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CN111005022B
CN111005022B CN201911414018.5A CN201911414018A CN111005022B CN 111005022 B CN111005022 B CN 111005022B CN 201911414018 A CN201911414018 A CN 201911414018A CN 111005022 B CN111005022 B CN 111005022B
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processing head
iron
beryllium bronze
copper roller
laser spot
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CN111005022A (en
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彭明新
蒋士春
邢月华
唱丽丽
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Nanjing Zhongke Raycham Laser Technology Co Ltd
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Nanjing Zhongke Raycham Laser Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of a beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers in a synergistic manner. According to the method, the laser texturing treatment is firstly carried out, so that the roughness of the surface of the beryllium bronze workpiece can be improved, the absorption of the beryllium bronze workpiece to laser energy is increased, and the step can enable the preheating treatment carried out later to provide the maximum temperature for the surface of the workpiece in the shortest time so as to meet the requirement of the preposed temperature for the cladding processing of the beryllium bronze.

Description

Method for preparing high-hardness iron-based coating on surface of beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers in synergy mode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing of metal materials, in particular to a method for preparing a high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of a beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers in a synergistic manner.
Background
The beryllium bronze workpiece is a copper alloy taking beryllium (Be) as a basic alloy element (the mass fraction of Be is 1.7% -2.5%). Beryllium dissolves in copper to form a solid solution of the seed. The solubility of Be in copper varies greatly with temperature, reaching a maximum solubility of 2.7% at 886 ℃ and only 0.2% at room temperature. The mechanical properties of the beryllium bronze are related to the mass fraction of Be and heat treatment, the content of Be is increased, the strength and the hardness of the beryllium bronze are sharply increased, and the toughness is reduced along with the increase of the content of Be.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cooperatively preparing a high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of a beryllium bronze copper roller by using three lasers.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for cooperatively preparing a high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of a beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers, wherein in the preparation process, three laser spots of a small circle, a square and a large circle are respectively provided by controlling a texturing processing head, a preheating processing head and a cladding processing head to cooperatively work on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller, so that the iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is cladded, and the preparation of the iron-based coating is realized;
the preparation process is a composite process, three processing heads synchronously move towards the cladding direction, the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is roughened by using small circular laser spots, then the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is preheated by using square laser spots, and the iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is cladded by using large circular laser spots after preheating to prepare the iron-based coating.
Furthermore, the large circular laser spot is positioned inside the square laser spot. More preferably, the large circular laser spot is located inside the square laser spot and in the second half of the square laser spot in the cladding direction. So, in the synchronous motion process of three laser beam machining head along cladding direction, carry out the texturing through the small circle facula earlier, carry out quick preheating process to the substrate surface of texturing through the first half section of square facula, reach the biggest temperature requirement in the shortest time, then in the second half section through the compound energy field of big circle facula and square laser facula, realize that the coating melts and covers.
Furthermore, the cladding processing head is perpendicular to the axial surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller, and the preheating processing head and the texturing processing head are distributed on two sides of the cladding processing head.
Further, an angle alpha is formed between the preheating processing head and the texturing processing head and between the preheating processing head and the cladding processing head, wherein alpha is 30-45 degrees.
Further, the used iron-based powder is JG-8 iron-based powder, the particle size of the iron-based powder is 25-53 mu m, and the iron-based powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.11 percent, 17.28 percent of Cr, 0.98 percent of Si, 0.26 percent of Mn, 2.92 percent of Ni, 0.34 percent of Mo and the balance of iron.
Further, the diameter of a small circular laser spot provided by the texturing processing head is 2mm, and the focal length of the small circular laser spot is 300 mm; the length of a square laser spot provided by the preheating processing head is 22mm, the width of the square laser spot is 5mm, and the focal length of the square laser spot is 400 mm; the diameter of the large circular laser spot provided by the cladding processing head is 4.4mm, the collimation of the large circular laser spot is 105mm, the focal length of the large circular laser spot is 300mm, and the large circular laser spot is located inside the square laser spot.
Furthermore, the circle center position of the large circular laser spot is 6mm away from the left width of the square spot, and the circle center position of the small circular laser spot is 3mm away from the right width of the square spot.
Further, in the preparation process, the power of the texturing processing head is 4000w, the power of the preheating processing head is 2900w, the power of the cladding processing head is 2600w, and the scanning speed of a laser beam is 10 mm/s; the powder feeding speed is 1.0r/min, the argon protection flow is 40L/min, the powder feeding gas carrying amount is 6.7L/min, the single-channel width is 4.4mm, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
Further, in the preparation process, a laser used by the texturing processing head is LDF10000-100, an optical fiber used by the texturing processing head is 1000 μm, a laser used by the preheating processing head is LDF10000-100, and an optical fiber used by the preheating processing head is 1000 μm; the laser used by the cladding processing head is LDF4000-60, and the used optical fiber is 600 μm.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the presently disclosed subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between three laser processing heads and a beryllium bronze roller workpiece in the process of preparing a high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of a beryllium bronze roller.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship of three laser spots used in the process of preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze roller.
Fig. 3a and 3b are gold phase diagrams of coatings obtained by adopting a common cladding process.
Fig. 4 is a metallographic image of a coating obtained by the cladding process of the present patent.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
The laser cladding technology has the characteristics of controllable and rapid solidification of a heat source, high bonding strength, tissue refinement and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, chemical engineering, molds, machinery, steel and the like. However, the laser cladding process still has some problems, wherein the main problems include defects such as air holes, cracks, coarse columnar grains and the like in the cladding layer and large residual stress generated by rapid thermal quenching in the laser cladding process. The current solutions to these defects mainly include the reduction of these problems by adding some special alloy elements or rare earth oxides, or by optimizing the laser cladding process and preheating and post-heating, but the above measures have no breakthrough progress to eliminate cracks, pores and residual stress of the laser cladding layer.
The key point of preparing the iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze by using the laser cladding process is that the laser power is controlled, and if the power is too low, copper on the surface of a workpiece cannot be melted and cannot form metallurgical bonding; and too high laser power can cause excessive melting of copper on the surface of a workpiece, so that the brightness of a molten pool is increased, smoke and splash can be increased, and the quality of a cladding layer is finally influenced. The second key point is that laser cladding processing of beryllium bronze needs to be carried out at a certain temperature, which needs to be carried out by a preposed preheating treatment, but the common laser preheating can not enable the surface of a workpiece to reach the temperature meeting the requirement within a specified time.
The invention provides a method for cooperatively preparing an iron-based coating on the surface of a beryllium bronze copper roller by using three lasers, which is shown in the combined drawings of fig. 1-2.
The method comprises the following steps of performing laser texturing treatment on the surface of a beryllium bronze workpiece, wherein the roughness of the surface of the beryllium bronze workpiece can be improved through the laser texturing treatment, and the absorption of the beryllium bronze workpiece to laser energy is increased.
In the process of cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using three lasers, three laser spots of small circle, square and large circle are respectively provided by controlling a texturing processing head, a preheating processing head and a cladding processing head to cooperatively work on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller, and the iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is cladded to realize the preparation of the iron-based coating;
the preparation process is a composite process, three processing heads synchronously move towards the cladding direction, the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is roughened by using small circular laser spots, then the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is preheated by using square laser spots, and the iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is cladded by using large circular laser spots after preheating to prepare the iron-based coating.
Further, the large circular laser spot is located inside the square laser spot. More preferably, the large circular laser spot is located inside the square laser spot and in the second half of the square laser spot in the cladding direction. So, in the synchronous motion process of three laser beam machining head along cladding direction, carry out the texturing through the small circle facula earlier, carry out quick preheating process to the substrate surface of texturing through the first half section of square facula, reach the biggest temperature requirement in the shortest time, then in the second half section through the compound energy field of big circle facula and square laser facula, realize that the coating melts and covers.
It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present invention described above and below, the large circular laser spot and the small circular laser spot are relative, meaning that they have a relative size relationship.
Meanwhile, in combination with the purpose of the invention, the small circular laser spot provided by the texturing processing head aims to irradiate the surface of the roller after being focused by the laser beam with high energy and high repetition frequency of the small circular laser spot to preheat and strengthen, and the focused point is incident to the surface of the roller to form a tiny molten pool. Preferably, the side blowing device can apply auxiliary gas with certain pressure and flow to the micro molten pool, so that the melt in the molten pool can be accumulated to the edge of the molten pool as much as possible to form a circular arc boss (peak value number), and the phenomena of residual stress concentration, toughness reduction and the like can be effectively avoided. Meanwhile, in the subsequent cladding forming process, the surface micro-pits (formed by the bosses) also have the functions of oil storage and cooling, and can also contain metal chips generated in the forming process, thereby reducing the scratches on the surface of the formed metal chips and improving the quality of workpieces.
Referring to fig. 1, the cladding processing head is perpendicular to the axial surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller, and the preheating processing head and the texturing processing head are distributed on two sides of the cladding processing head. Furthermore, an angle alpha is formed between the preheating processing head and the texturing processing head and between the preheating processing head and the cladding processing head, wherein alpha is 30-45 degrees, so that the influence on cladding quality caused by mutual interference among the processing heads is avoided as far as possible.
It is more preferable to keep the laser beam scanning speeds of the three processing heads uniform during the preparation.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in more detail with reference to specific examples.
In the embodiment, a beryllium bronze copper roller with the diameter of 840mm is used as a base material, the total weight is 8 tons, and the laser cladding powder is JG-8 powder with the particle size: 25-53 μm, and the mass percentage composition is as follows: c: 0.11 percent, 17.28 percent of Cr, 0.98 percent of Si, 0.26 percent of Mn, 2.92 percent of Ni, 0.34 percent of Mo and the balance of iron.
The diameter of a small circular laser spot provided by the texturing processing head is 2mm, and the focal length of the small circular laser spot is 300 mm; the length of a square laser spot provided by the preheating processing head is 22mm, the width of the square laser spot is 5mm, and the focal length of the square laser spot is 400 mm; the diameter of the large circular laser spot provided by the cladding processing head is 4.4mm, the collimation of the large circular laser spot is 105mm, the focal length of the large circular laser spot is 300mm, and the large circular laser spot is located inside the square laser spot.
As shown in FIG. 2, the circle center of the large circular laser spot is located at a position 6mm away from the left width of the square spot, and the circle center of the small circular laser spot is located at a position 3mm away from the right width of the square spot.
In the preparation process, the power of the texturing processing head is controlled to be 4000w, the power of the preheating processing head is 2900w, the power of the cladding processing head is 2600w, and the scanning speed of a laser beam is 10 mm/s; the powder feeding speed is 1.0r/min, the argon protection flow is 40L/min, the powder feeding gas carrying amount is 6.7L/min, the single-channel width is 4.4mm, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
Furthermore, in the preparation process, a laser used by the texturing processing head is LDF10000-100, an optical fiber used by the texturing processing head is 1000 μm, a laser used by the preheating processing head is LDF10000-100, and an optical fiber used by the preheating processing head is 1000 μm; the laser used by the cladding processing head is LDF4000-60, and the used optical fiber is 600 μm.
The platform used for processing is a combination of a 7M cast iron platform and a 60KUKA robot, the powder feeding pipe is a glass pipe with the inner diameter of 1.5mm, and the powder feeding height is 40 mm.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an exemplary process for preparing an iron-based coating on a beryllium bronze copper roller according to the present invention is as follows:
1. fixing and clamping a beryllium bronze copper roller on a clamp in advance, cleaning the surface of the copper roller by using alcohol, and waiting for drying;
2. turning on the laser, adjusting to output to guide red light, and operating the robot to adjust the texturing processing head, the preheating laser head and the cladding laser head to the processing position, so that the laser spot position is as shown in fig. 2;
3. adjusting the positions and angles of the three processing heads, wherein the angle alpha of the installation included angle shown in figure 1 is 30 degrees, so that the three processing heads do not interfere with each other in the cladding processing process;
4. inputting machining parameters of a machining head: the laser of the cladding processing head adopts the following technological parameters: the laser power is 4000W, and the scanning speed of a laser beam is 10 mm/s; the technological parameters adopted by the laser for preheating the machining head are as follows: the laser power is 2900W, and the scanning speed of the laser beam is 10 mm/s; the laser of the cladding processing head adopts the following technological parameters: the laser power is 2600W, the scanning speed of a laser beam is 10mm/s, and the diameter of a light spot is 4.4 mm;
the flow rate of protective gas argon is 40L/min; the feeding amount is 10mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 50 percent;
5. after the setting is finished, the powder feeder is opened, the powder feeding speed is adjusted to 1.0r/min, and the powder feeding and gas carrying capacity is adjusted to 6.7L/min. Starting a laser and a robot to enable three laser heads to work synchronously to perform laser scanning, moving the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller base material synchronously along the cladding direction as described above, performing texturing processing on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using small circular laser spots, then preheating the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using square laser spots, performing cladding processing on iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using large circular laser spots after preheating, and preparing an iron-based coating; and carrying out laser cladding processing along a preset path, and finally completing the processing within 58.1 hours.
6. And turning off the laser, and waiting for the workpiece to be naturally cooled and taken down.
In the cladding process according to the foregoing embodiment, in the process of synchronous movement of the three laser processing heads along the cladding direction, the texturing is performed by the small circular spot, the rapid preheating is performed on the textured substrate surface by the first half section of the square spot, the maximum temperature requirement is reached in the shortest time, and then the cladding of the coating is realized by the composite energy field of the large circular spot and the square laser spot by the second half section.
Thus, the iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is prepared in a three-laser synergistic mode. As can be seen from the comparison of fig. 3a to 3b and fig. 4, when the iron-based coating is prepared on the surface of the beryllium bronze workpiece by using the conventional cladding process, as shown in fig. 3a, the bonding between the coating and the substrate is poor, or even completely impossible. The coating prepared by the common cladding process as shown in fig. 3b has multiple pores inside, which seriously affects the quality of the coating and leads the coating not to reach the industrial application standard. When the iron-based coating is prepared on the surface of the beryllium bronze workpiece by adopting the three-laser cooperation (laser spot cooperation) cladding process, the metallographic graph of the prepared coating is shown in the attached figure 4. It can be seen that metallurgical bonding is formed between the coating and the base material, and meanwhile, the coating is basically free of defects such as air holes and the like, so that the industrial application standard of the coating is met.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The method for preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing the cooperation of three lasers is characterized in that in the preparation process, three laser spots of a small circle, a square and a large circle are respectively provided by controlling a texturing processing head, a preheating processing head and a cladding processing head to cooperatively work on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller, and the iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is cladded to realize the preparation of the iron-based coating;
the preparation process is a composite process, three processing heads synchronously move towards the cladding direction, the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is roughened by using small circular laser spots, then the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is preheated by using square laser spots, and the iron-based powder on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller is cladded by using large circular laser spots after preheating to prepare an iron-based coating;
the used iron-based powder is JG-8 iron-based powder, the particle size of the iron-based powder is 25-53 mu m, and the iron-based powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.11 percent of Cr, 17.28 percent of Cr, 0.98 percent of Si, 0.26 percent of Mn, 2.92 percent of Ni, 0.34 percent of Mo and the balance of iron;
the diameter of a small circular laser spot provided by the texturing processing head is 2mm, and the focal length of the small circular laser spot is 300 mm; the length of a square laser spot provided by the preheating processing head is 22mm, the width of the square laser spot is 5mm, and the focal length of the square laser spot is 400 mm; the diameter of the large circular laser spot provided by the cladding processing head is 4.4mm, the collimation of the large circular laser spot is 105mm, the focal length of the large circular laser spot is 300mm, and the large circular laser spot is located inside the square laser spot.
2. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the large circular laser spot is positioned inside the square laser spot.
3. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using three lasers as claimed in claim 2, wherein the large circular laser spot is positioned inside the square laser spot and in the back half section of the square laser spot in the cladding direction.
4. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using the three lasers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cladding processing head is perpendicular to the axial surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller, and the preheating processing head and the texturing processing head are distributed on two sides of the cladding processing head.
5. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using the three lasers as claimed in claim 4, wherein an angle α is formed between a preheating processing head and a texturing processing head and between a cladding processing head, wherein the angle α is 30-45 °.
6. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by utilizing three lasers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circle center of the large circular laser spot is located at a position 6mm from the left width of the square spot, and the circle center of the small circular spot is located at a position 3mm from the right width of the square spot.
7. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using the three lasers as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the preparation process, the power of a texturing processing head is 4000w, the power of a preheating processing head is 2900w, the power of a cladding processing head is 2600w, and the scanning speeds of laser beams are 10 mm/s; the powder feeding speed is 1.0r/min, the argon protection flow is 40L/min, the powder feeding gas carrying amount is 6.7L/min, the single-channel width is 4.4mm, and the lap joint rate is 50%.
8. The method for cooperatively preparing the high-hardness iron-based coating on the surface of the beryllium bronze copper roller by using the three lasers as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation process, the laser used by the texturing processing head is LDF10000-100, the optical fiber used by the texturing processing head is 1000 μm, the laser used by the preheating processing head is LDF10000-100, and the optical fiber used by the texturing processing head is 1000 μm; the laser used by the cladding processing head is LDF4000-60, and the used optical fiber is 600 μm.
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CN108456879A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-08-28 华中科技大学 A kind of method of laser-auxiliary thermal source high efficiency composition cladding and hardening rail

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