TWI764326B - Method of building up economic expensoure data from telemetry data - Google Patents
Method of building up economic expensoure data from telemetry dataInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關於一種建置災害曝險資料之方法,尤其是利用遙測影像產生數位地表模型以及數位高程模型,再由數位地表模型、數位高程模型、遙測影像中萃取建物輪廓,然後針對建物輪廓建置經濟曝險資料屬性,進而完成災害曝險資料的建置。The present invention relates to a method for constructing disaster exposure data, in particular generating a digital surface model and a digital elevation model by using a telemetry image, and then extracting the outline of a building from the digital surface model, the digital elevation model and the telemetry image, and then aiming at the outline of the building. Establish the attributes of economic exposure data, and then complete the establishment of disaster exposure data.
隨著自然環境被人為破壞的程度日益嚴重,使得天然災害對於人們生命、財產的影響也更加激烈。例如,大量燃燒石化燃料導致或加速溫室效應,或臭氧層破洞的形成,更會影響長期的氣候變遷,造成異常降雨,引起颱風、洪水、山崩、土石流、旱災等各類型天然災害。With the increasing degree of man-made destruction of the natural environment, the impact of natural disasters on people's lives and properties has become more intense. For example, the large-scale burning of fossil fuels causes or accelerates the greenhouse effect, or the formation of holes in the ozone layer, which will affect long-term climate change, cause abnormal rainfall, and cause various types of natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, landslides, landslides, and droughts.
近年來,各國政府對於天災已投入相當多的資源以積極防範。不過對於難以預測的天然災害,如地震、海嘯、洪澇等,只能提高新建物的建造規格以加強抵抗能力,但舊建物則抵抗力不足。In recent years, governments around the world have invested considerable resources in active prevention against natural disasters. However, for unpredictable natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, etc., the construction specifications of new buildings can only be improved to strengthen the resistance, but the resistance of old buildings is insufficient.
在習知技術中,為了在發生天然災害後能快速且效率化估計毀損建物的經濟價值,政府單位通常會用既有建物資料進行災損預估以及預先制定重建對策,包含重建所需的各種資源,但這些大量建物資料通常無法即時或頻繁地更新。In the conventional technology, in order to quickly and efficiently estimate the economic value of damaged buildings after a natural disaster occurs, government units usually use existing building data to estimate the damage and formulate reconstruction measures in advance, including various reconstruction needs. resources, but these large amounts of building data are often not updated in real time or frequently.
以地震為例,當建物為輕微或嚴重損毀時,所需的重建措施及經費是非常不同。對於輕微損毀的建物只需適當補強,便可安全的繼續使用居住,所以居民只須短暫搬離即可,且短時間搬遷對於民眾的經濟影響較為輕微,所耗的社會成本也較低。但是對於嚴重損毀的建物,可能拆除、重建,不僅時間相當久,所需的費用及社會成本亦更高,所以政府必須事先評估,並備妥所需資源,並編列經費以因應未來可能面臨的天然巨災事件。因此,若欲較精確地評估建物在地震巨災後的經濟損害程度,即需具有經濟價值訊息的災害曝險資料。Taking an earthquake as an example, when a building is slightly or severely damaged, the required reconstruction measures and costs are very different. Buildings that are slightly damaged only need to be properly reinforced to continue to be used safely. Therefore, residents only need to move out for a short time, and the short-term relocation will have a relatively minor economic impact on the public and a lower social cost. However, for severely damaged buildings, demolition and reconstruction may take a long time, and the required cost and social cost are also higher. Therefore, the government must evaluate in advance, prepare the required resources, and allocate funds to cope with possible future challenges. Natural catastrophe events. Therefore, in order to more accurately assess the degree of economic damage to buildings after an earthquake catastrophe, disaster exposure data with information of economic value is required.
既有習知技術的缺點在於無法廣域且快速地針對不同樓高、結構類型、不同屋齡、所在區域的建物提供精確而有效的災損評估,因為新、舊建物的建造年代不同,尚無可用於廣域且效率化的災損評估通則方式,而且建物本身特性也是差異很大,對廣域都會區以現有普查方式更加難以在短時間內全面涵蓋。The disadvantage of the prior art is that it cannot provide accurate and effective disaster damage assessment for buildings with different building heights, structure types, different ages, and regions in a wide area and quickly, because the new and old buildings are constructed in different ages, and the There is no general method for wide-area and efficient disaster damage assessment, and the characteristics of the buildings themselves are also very different. It is more difficult to comprehensively cover the wide-area metropolitan area in a short time by the existing census method.
因此,非常需要一種新穎設計的建置災害曝險資料之方法,利用遙測影像產生數位地表模型以及數位高程模型。再依據數位地表模型、數位高程模型、遙測影像進行建物輪廓之萃取。最後對每一個建物輪廓建置其經濟曝險屬性,進而建置完成整個都市建物的災害曝險資料庫。藉以克服習知技術無法處理廣域、即時、效率化評估整個都會區之巨災建物經濟損失問題。Therefore, there is a great need for a novelly designed method of constructing hazard exposure data using telemetry images to generate digital surface models and digital elevation models. Then, extract the building outline based on the digital surface model, digital elevation model, and telemetry images. Finally, the economic exposure attribute of each building profile is established, and then the disaster exposure database of the entire urban building is established. In order to overcome the problem that conventional technology cannot handle wide-area, real-time and efficient assessment of the economic loss of catastrophic buildings in the entire metropolitan area.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種運用遙測資料建置災害曝險資料之方法,是包含步驟S10、S20以及S30,用以建置災害曝險資料,供政府單位或民間企業進行災害評估、以及衍生之經濟影響評估、保險評估等用途。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing disaster exposure data by using telemetry data, which includes steps S10, S20 and S30 for constructing disaster exposure data for government units or private enterprises to conduct disaster assessment, and derive economic impact assessment, insurance assessment, etc.
首先,本發明實施例的運用遙測資料建置災害曝險資料之方法是由步驟S10開始,主要是利用多幅遙測影像以產生數位地表模型以及數位高程模型,其中遙測影像可包含衛星影像、航空照片以及無人航空器照片的至少其中之一。接著進入步驟S20,利用遙測影像,以及數位地表模型、數位高程模型,進行建物輪廓萃取。最後執行步驟S30,針對該等建物輪廓進行經濟曝險資料建置處理,以建置每個建物的經濟曝險屬性資料,其中經濟曝險屬性資料包括建物使用型態、地上樓層數、有無地下室、結構類型、推估屋齡、建物高度、建物投影面積、總樓地板面積、重建造價、及建物位置資訊等。First, the method for constructing disaster exposure data by using telemetry data according to an embodiment of the present invention starts from step S10, and mainly uses a plurality of telemetry images to generate a digital surface model and a digital elevation model, wherein the telemetry images may include satellite images, aerial Photos and at least one of the photos of unmanned aerial vehicles. Next, step S20 is entered, and the outline of the building is extracted by using the telemetry image, the digital surface model, and the digital elevation model. Finally, step S30 is executed to perform economic exposure data construction processing on the outlines of the buildings, so as to construct the economic exposure attribute data of each building, wherein the economic exposure attribute data includes the building usage type, the number of floors above ground, and whether there is a basement or not. , structure type, estimated house age, building height, building projected area, total floor area, reconstruction price, and building location information.
因此,本發明利用遙測影像先產生數位地表模型以及數位高程模型,再由數位地表模型、數位高程模型、遙測影像中萃取建物輪廓,然後針對建物輪廓建置所需的經濟曝險資料屬性,完成災害曝險資料的建置。Therefore, the present invention uses the telemetry image to first generate the digital surface model and the digital elevation model, and then extracts the building outline from the digital surface model, the digital elevation model, and the telemetry image, and then constructs the required economic exposure data attributes for the building outline. Construction of disaster exposure data.
以下配合圖示及元件符號對本發明之實施方式做更詳細的說明,俾使熟習該項技藝者在研讀本說明書後能據以實施。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and component symbols, so as to enable those skilled in the art to implement them after studying the description.
請參閱第一圖,本發明實施例運用遙測資料建置災害曝險資料之方法的操作流程示意圖。如第一圖所示,本發明實施例的運用遙測資料建置災害曝險資料之方法是包含依序的步驟S10、S20以及S30,用以建置災害曝險資料,可供政府單位或民間企業進行災害可能損失評估、以及衍生之經濟影響評估、保險評估。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of an operation flow of a method for constructing disaster exposure data by using telemetry data according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the first figure, the method for constructing disaster exposure data by using telemetry data according to an embodiment of the present invention includes sequential steps S10, S20 and S30 for constructing disaster exposure data, which can be used by government units or private individuals The enterprise conducts the assessment of possible losses from disasters, as well as the economic impact assessment and insurance assessment.
首先,本發明實施例的運用遙測資料建置災害曝險資料之方法是由步驟S10開始,主要是利用多個遙測影像以產生數位地表模型(Digital surface model,DSM)以及數位高程模型(Digital elevation model,DEM),其中遙測影像可包含衛星影像、航空照片以及無人航空器(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)照片的至少其中之一。First, the method for constructing disaster exposure data by using telemetry data according to an embodiment of the present invention starts from step S10, and mainly uses a plurality of telemetry images to generate a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital elevation model (Digital elevation model). model, DEM), wherein the telemetry images may include at least one of satellite images, aerial photos and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photos.
接著進入步驟S20,利用數位地表模型(DSM)、數位高程模型(DEM)、及遙測影像,萃取所需的多個建物輪廓(Building footprint)。最後執行步驟S30,針對該等建物輪廓進行經濟曝險資料 (Economic Exposure Data, EED)處理,以建置所需的經濟曝險資料(EED)屬性,其中EED屬性可包括建物使用型態(比如商業、住宅、工業…等)、地上樓層數、有無地下室、結構類型、推估屋齡、建物高度、建物投影面積、總樓地板面積、重建造價、及建物位置資訊(比如坐標、郵遞區號、行政區…等)…等。Next, step S20 is entered, and a plurality of required building footprints are extracted by using the digital surface model (DSM), the digital elevation model (DEM), and the telemetry image. Finally, step S30 is performed to perform Economic Exposure Data (EED) processing on the building outlines, so as to establish the required economic exposure data (EED) attributes, wherein the EED attributes may include building usage types (such as Commercial, residential, industrial, etc.), number of floors above ground, presence or absence of basement, type of structure, estimated age, building height, building projected area, total floor area, reconstruction cost, and building location information (such as coordinates, zip code, Administrative district...etc)...etc.
進一步參考第二圖,本發明方法中步驟S10的詳細操作流程,主要是包含依序的步驟S11、S12、S13。在步驟S11中,對遙測影像進行影像匹配(Image matching)以產生DSM,接著在執行步驟S12時,由地面點進行內插產生DEM,然後在步驟S13中儲存DSM以及DEM以供讀取,比如利用硬碟或記憶體之類的電子儲存媒介。要注意的是,從遙測影像中產生DSM以及DEM的方式是屬於一般常用的習知技術,因而不作詳細解說。Further referring to the second figure, the detailed operation flow of step S10 in the method of the present invention mainly includes steps S11, S12, and S13 in sequence. In step S11, image matching is performed on the telemetry image to generate a DSM, then when step S12 is performed, a DEM is generated by interpolation from the ground points, and then the DSM and DEM are stored in step S13 for reading, such as Use electronic storage media such as hard disks or memory. It should be noted that the method of generating the DSM and DEM from the telemetry image is a commonly used conventional technique, and thus will not be described in detail.
再者如第三圖所示,本發明方法中步驟S20的詳細操作流程,其中步驟S20是包含依序的步驟S21、S22、S23、S24、S25。Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the detailed operation flow of step S20 in the method of the present invention, wherein step S20 includes steps S21, S22, S23, S24, and S25 in sequence.
在步驟S21中,讀取所儲存的DSM以及DEM,接著進入步驟S22,利用DSM以及DEM以產生物件高度模型(Object height model,OHM),主要是由DSM減去DEM而獲得。In step S21, the stored DSM and DEM are read, and then proceed to step S22, where the DSM and the DEM are used to generate an object height model (OHM), which is mainly obtained by subtracting the DEM from the DSM.
在步驟S23中,進行濾除處理,主要是濾除道路及植生區等非建物區,產生無須濾除之建物區域。理論上,未被濾除之區域即為建物,後續步驟將對無須濾除的建物區域進行處理。In step S23, a filtering process is performed, mainly to filter out non-building areas such as roads and vegetation areas, so as to generate building areas that do not need to be filtered out. In theory, the unfiltered area is the building, and the subsequent steps will process the area of the building that does not need to be filtered.
在步驟S24中,利用OHM及遙測影像,依據物件之高度及土地使用類別,先後進行多次分割(Segmentation)、合併(Merge object)動作,藉以分階段萃取各類的建物物件(Building object),比如高樓層物件、中樓層物件、低樓層物件、低樓層之工業建築物件等。In step S24, using OHM and telemetry images, according to the height of the object and the land use type, successively perform multiple segmentation (Segmentation) and merge (Merge object) actions, so as to extract various types of building objects (Building objects) in stages, Such as high-rise objects, middle-level objects, low-level objects, low-level industrial building objects, etc.
在步驟S25中,對建物物件的輪廓進行修飾,因而得到最終之建物輪廓。In step S25, the outline of the building object is modified to obtain the final building outline.
進一步參考第四圖,本發明方法中步驟S30的詳細操作流程,係包含依序的步驟S31、S32、S33、S34、S35,藉以自動化填入而建置每個建物的EED屬性。一般而言,EED屬性可涵蓋建物使用型態(比如商業、住宅、工業、公共用途…等區域)、地上樓層數、有無地下室、結構類型、推估屋齡、建物高度、建物投影面積、總樓地板面積、重建造價、及建物位置資訊(如坐標、郵遞區號、行政區…等)等。Further referring to FIG. 4 , the detailed operation flow of step S30 in the method of the present invention includes sequential steps S31 , S32 , S33 , S34 , and S35 , so as to automatically fill in the EED attribute of each building. In general, EED attributes can cover the type of building use (such as commercial, residential, industrial, public use, etc.), the number of floors above ground, the presence or absence of basements, the type of structure, the estimated age of the building, the height of the building, the projected area of the building, the total Floor area, reconstruction cost, and building location information (such as coordinates, zip code, administrative area, etc.), etc.
再者,本發明可利用現調資料、公開資料等的相關資料經統計歸納出一般性之規則後,再依循此規則而自動填入所需的建物EED屬性。Furthermore, the present invention can automatically fill in the required building EED attributes according to the rules after the general rules can be summarized by statistics using relevant data such as current survey data and public data.
具體而言,在步驟S31中標示建物使用型態,而由於建物使用型態與土地使用分區具有相關性;因此,土地使用分區圖是建立EED之重要資料,其中土地使用分區圖可由政府機關或相關民間企業取得。此外,為避免過於繁雜的土地使用分區類別,所以在歸納EED之建物使用型態時,必須先使用簡化後之土地使用分區資料,而本發明是將原始的土地使用分區圖經簡化後分類為住宅區10、商業區20、工業區30、公共使用區40,如第五圖所示的簡化後之土地使用分區圖。換言之,步驟S31是標示建物使用型態為住宅建物、商業建物、工業建物以及公共使用建物的其中之一。Specifically, in step S31, the building use type is marked, and since the building use type is related to the land use zoning; therefore, the land use zoning map is an important data for establishing EED, wherein the land use zoning map can be obtained by government agencies or Obtained from relevant private enterprises. In addition, in order to avoid overly complicated land use zoning categories, the simplified land use zoning data must be used first when summarizing the building use patterns of the EED, and the present invention is to classify the original land use zoning map into
在步驟S32中,計算地上樓層數,主要是由DSM減去DEM而賦予每棟建物的高度,亦即物件高度模型,接著將建物的高度經特定的換算方式而換算為地上樓層數。此換算方式是將建物高度除以建物的單一樓層高度,而建物的單一樓層高度是針對不同的建物使用型態以及建物為低樓層建物或高樓層建物而個別預先設定。不過要注意的是,低樓層建物、高樓層建物的判斷高度是可依據地區的不同而適度彈性改變。In step S32, the number of floors above ground is calculated, mainly by subtracting DSM from DSM to give the height of each building, that is, the object height model, and then converting the height of the building into the number of floors above ground by a specific conversion method. The conversion method is to divide the building height by the single floor height of the building, and the single floor height of the building is individually preset for different building usage types and whether the building is a low-rise building or a high-rise building. However, it should be noted that the judgment height of low-rise buildings and high-rise buildings can be adjusted flexibly according to different regions.
在步驟S33中,依據地下室有無判斷原則而標示建物是否具有地下室。地下室有無判斷原則的具體作法是蒐集該地區或城市的相關建築法規資料以當作判斷建物有無地下室之規則,比如相關建築法規已明確規定超過一定高度的建物必須設置地下室。或者,如果無任何相關建築法規資料可供參考,則地下室有無判斷原則是參考地真(現調)資料以進行統計分析,並歸納出可用以判斷住宅區、商業區、工業區、公共使用區的建物是否具有地下室的判斷依據。因此,在地上樓層數超過預設的地下室判斷樓層數時,將建物標示為有地下室;反之,在地上樓層數不超過預設的地下室判斷樓層數時,將建物標示為無地下室。In step S33, whether the building has a basement is marked according to the principle of determining whether there is a basement. The specific method of judging whether there is a basement is to collect the relevant building regulations of the area or city as a rule to judge whether a building has a basement. For example, the relevant building regulations have clearly stipulated that a building exceeding a certain height must be equipped with a basement. Or, if there is no relevant building code data for reference, the principle of judging whether the basement is available or not is to refer to the ground truth (currently surveyed) data for statistical analysis, and summarizes that can be used to judge residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas, and public use areas. The basis for judging whether the building has a basement. Therefore, when the number of above-ground floors exceeds the preset number of floors in the basement judgment, the building is marked as having a basement; on the contrary, when the number of above-ground floors does not exceed the preset number of floors in the basement judgment, the building is marked as without a basement.
在步驟S34中,判斷並標示建物的結構類型,主要是依據建物使用型態及地上樓層數進行結構類型判斷,比如木造、鋼筋混凝土(即RC)、RC加強磚造、鋼構等,且依地區不同而有不同的結構類型。不過要注意的是,結構類型的判斷是依據地區的不同而適度彈性改變。In step S34, the structure type of the building is judged and marked, mainly based on the use type of the building and the number of floors above ground to judge the structure type, such as wood, reinforced concrete (ie RC), RC reinforced brick, steel, etc., and according to Different regions have different types of structures. However, it should be noted that the judgment of structure type is moderately elastically changed according to different regions.
建物的結構類型與用途、造價等因素相關,各國的建築法規僅能做一般的安全標準規定。此外,也可藉歸納該地區或城市的建築結構類型而達成,其中較方便且可靠的做法是運用地真(現調)資料來統計歸納各結構類型,並依住宅、商業、公共使用、工業區等進行不同樓高對應結構類型數量的統計分析,藉以歸納出該地區或城市的結構類型之一般判斷通則。The structure type of the building is related to the use, cost and other factors. The building regulations of various countries can only provide general safety standards. In addition, it can also be achieved by summarizing the types of building structures in the area or city. A more convenient and reliable way is to use ground truth (currently surveyed) data to statistically summarize each structure type, and classify them according to residential, commercial, public use, industrial Statistical analysis of the number of structural types corresponding to different building heights in districts, etc., in order to summarize the general rules for judging the structural types of the area or city.
在步驟S35中,推估建物的屋齡。因為屋齡對於都會區防災意義在於可推估房屋建造年代符合哪個時期所用的耐震法規之比例關係。一般,屋齡愈久的建物是用較早期的耐震法規,通常亦即耐震能力較為不足,受地震災害風險相對也較高。此外,可依此地真資料進行統計分析屋齡與建物樓層數之關係,整體而言樓層數越高,一般其屋齡有越年輕之趨勢。因此,可將各樓高逐次統計後,便可歸納出屋齡與樓層數之比例關係而當作判斷通則,所以可由建物的樓層數依據判斷通則而推估建物的屋齡。此外,亦可由建物物件大小、位置、高度、其他資訊來衍生計算推估經濟曝險EED之其他屬性,如建物投影面積、總樓地板面積、重建造價、及建物位置資訊(如坐標、郵遞區號、行政區…等)等。In step S35, the age of the building is estimated. The significance of the age of the house for disaster prevention in the metropolitan area lies in the proportional relationship of the earthquake resistance regulations used to estimate the age of the house in which it was built. In general, buildings with older buildings use earlier earthquake-resistant regulations, which usually means less earthquake-resistant capacity and higher risk of earthquake disasters. In addition, the relationship between the age of the house and the number of floors of the building can be statistically analyzed based on the ground truth data. Generally speaking, the higher the number of floors, the younger the age of the house. Therefore, after the height of each building can be counted one by one, the proportional relationship between the age of the building and the number of floors can be summed up as a general rule for judging. In addition, other attributes of the estimated economic exposure EED can also be derived from the size, location, height, and other information of the building object, such as the projected area of the building, the total floor area, the reconstruction cost, and the location information of the building (such as coordinates, zip code) , administrative districts, etc.) etc.
綜合而言,本發明的特點主要在於遙測影像產生數位地表模型以及數位高程模型,再由數位地表模型、數位高程模型、遙測影像中萃取建物輪廓,然後,針對建物輪廓建置所需的經濟曝險資料屬性而完成災害曝險資料的建置驟。To sum up, the main feature of the present invention is that the digital surface model and the digital elevation model are generated from the telemetry image, and then the building outline is extracted from the digital surface model, the digital elevation model, and the telemetry image, and then the economic exposure required for the construction of the building outline is achieved. According to the attributes of the risk data, the construction steps of the disaster exposure data are completed.
以上所述者僅為用以解釋本發明之較佳實施例,並非企圖據以對本發明做任何形式上之限制,是以,凡有在相同之發明精神下所作有關本發明之任何修飾或變更,皆仍應包括在本發明意圖保護之範疇。The above descriptions are only used to explain the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Therefore, any modification or change of the present invention should be made within the same spirit of the invention. , all should still be included in the scope of the intended protection of the present invention.
S10、S20、S30步驟
S11、S12、S13步驟
S21、S22、S23、S24、S25步驟
S31、S32、S33、S34、S35步驟
10住宅區
20商業區
30工業區
40公共使用區
Steps S10, S20, S30
Steps S11, S12, S13
Steps S21, S22, S23, S24, S25
Steps S31, S32, S33, S34,
第一圖顯示本發明實施例運用遙測資料建置災害曝險資料之方法的操作流程示意圖。 第二圖顯示本發明方法中步驟S10的詳細操作流程。 第三圖顯示本發明方法中步驟S20的詳細操作流程。 第四圖顯示本發明方法中步驟S30的詳細操作流程。 第五圖顯示本發明方法中簡化後之土地使用分區圖的示意。 The first figure shows a schematic diagram of an operation flow of a method for constructing disaster exposure data by using telemetry data according to an embodiment of the present invention. The second figure shows the detailed operation flow of step S10 in the method of the present invention. The third figure shows the detailed operation flow of step S20 in the method of the present invention. The fourth figure shows the detailed operation flow of step S30 in the method of the present invention. Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a simplified land use zoning map in the method of the present invention.
S10、S20、S30步驟Steps S10, S20, S30
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CN104898183A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-09 | 杭州辰青和业科技有限公司 | Modeling evaluation method for urban heavy rain inundation |
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