TWI761339B - 改良式石膏基板 - Google Patents

改良式石膏基板 Download PDF

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TWI761339B
TWI761339B TW106111446A TW106111446A TWI761339B TW I761339 B TWI761339 B TW I761339B TW 106111446 A TW106111446 A TW 106111446A TW 106111446 A TW106111446 A TW 106111446A TW I761339 B TWI761339 B TW I761339B
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gypsum
weight
board
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瓊斯 尼可拉斯
李察森 亞當
瑞得歐 珍
布魯克斯 羅拉
絲巴克 喬安娜
傑藍 大衛
吉普 尼可拉
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法商聖哥般公司
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Abstract

一種包含石膏基質的板材,其具有以下添加物嵌合於其中:大於石膏1%重量百分比之玻璃纖維、以及大於石膏2.5%重量百分比的合成聚合物黏著劑,玻璃纖維與合成聚合物黏著劑的重量比係至少為1比2,石膏基質中之沙子的含量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-0.5%,石膏基質之纖維素纖維的量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-2%。

Description

改良式石膏基板
本發明係有關於一種石膏材料,特別是一種石膏基板。
譬如為石膏板、聚苯乙烯板、纖維板等輕量級板材為熟知使用於建築物內之隔板,其優點在於輕量以及能快速安裝。
然而,於部份例子中,如此的輕量級板材具有強度不足的缺失,無法支撐配件(譬如為洗碗槽、電視、暖氣、滅火器、書架、或是其他需要附著於板材上的東西),在這樣的例子中,配件的重量可能會導致固定元件(譬如螺絲)被拉出板材,而使得配件會由隔板上掉落。
一般來說,此問題可以藉由膠合板來增加板材的固定強度來加以克服,於此狀況,膠合板係固定於板材相對於配件的另外一側,而可增加維持固定元件(譬如螺絲)的強度,而能穩固地固定配件於板材上。通常膠合板定位於隔板框架內,然後石膏板固定於膠合板,因此其會位於隔板框架之外。
另一方面,也可以增加金屬支撐裝置,包含固定板、通道、帶、或是金屬固定件,如同膠合板的例子,金屬支撐裝置一般位於配件固定之板材的另一側,而可用以穩固地固定用來將配件固定於板材之譬如為固定螺絲的固定元件。
此兩種配置的缺點在於,需要將板材與額外的支撐元件在現場相互固定,進一步來說,當使用金屬支撐裝置來固定於板材,其可能需要許多支撐裝置來固定成套的固定元件,因此,安裝程序會相當耗時與昂貴。
更進一步來說,額外的金屬支撐裝置或是膠合板都會增加格板的重量與厚度,且/或導致於牆板空間的減少;一般說來,膠合板需要於現場裁切尺寸,同樣也會增加安裝的時間,以及導致灰塵彌漫與潛在元件的損壞。
因此,亟須提供一種改良的板材,可穩固維持固定元件與支撐配件,但卻無需增加安裝程序的工時。
譬如世界專利WO2014/188168提出一種包含纖維、以及/或聚合物添加物於石膏泥漿,來增加石膏產品的固定強度。
前述例子可增加石膏板的固定強度,但仍需要額外性能的改良、或能在降低板材重量與/或厚度下來維持其性能;舉例來說,其需要降低板材30-50%之重量以及/或厚度,並能維持固定強度。
出乎意料地發現,於石膏產品內增加不等量之纖維與聚合物添加物將能使石膏的強度大幅的提升,特別是限量的纖維結合入石膏產品內,如此一來聚合物添加物將可以遠高於纖維添加物的量來與石膏產品的結合達成此優點。
因此,於第一方面本發明係提供一種具有石膏基質的板材,石膏基質具有下列添加物嵌合於其內: l 玻璃纖維,總量大於石膏之重量百分比1%; l 合成聚合物黏著劑,總量大於石膏之重量百分比4%; l 玻璃纖維與合成聚合物黏著劑之重量比至少為1比2; 其中石膏基質之沙子的量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-0.5%; 以及石膏基質之纖維素纖維的量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-10%。
較佳者聚合物黏著劑係為聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVA)。
較佳者石膏基質之壓克力樹脂的量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-1%;一般說來石膏基質是不包含有壓克力樹脂。
較佳者,石膏基質之碳酸鈣的量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-5%,更甚者為0-1%;一般說來石膏基質是不包含有碳酸鈣。
一般來說,石膏基質不包含有沙子。
較佳者,石膏基質之纖維素的量相對於石膏之重量百分比落於0-1.5%,更甚者為0-1%;一般說來石膏基質是不包含有纖維素;其中所謂的纖維素(cellulosic fibre)係指包含有木質粒子(譬如為木屑或細鋸木顆粒)內所包含的纖維、以及木材中不受天然黏著劑束縛的纖維。因此,為了避免此疑慮,存在於石膏基質之木質粒子的量相對於石膏量之重量百分比落於0-2%,較佳者為落於0-1.5%重量百分比,更甚者為落於0-1%重量百分比。
較佳者,嵌合於石膏基質之添加物的總重量小於石膏基質之石膏的重量,換句話說,以重量而言,石膏為板材中最主要的元件。
較佳者,聚合物黏著劑量相對於石膏的重量百分比大於3.5%、較佳者為大於4%、更甚者為大於5%,其可發現添加物中的聚合物黏著劑可以持續增進機械性能,其至少需達到25%重量百分比,因此,考量相對高單價的合成聚合物黏著劑,其量相對於石膏較佳者為重量百分比25%或是更低。
嵌於石膏基質之玻璃纖維係為原先添加於石膏泥漿,用來形成板材,因此其會散佈於石膏基質內,較佳者為均勻分佈。
較佳者玻璃纖維的總量相對於石膏大於重量百分比1.5%,然而,過量的玻璃纖維將會提高成型板材的難度(譬如由於會形成空隙);進一步來說,考量纖維的存在會增加切割與折斷來分離板材所需要的力,因此,玻璃纖維的總量較佳者為相對石膏小於6%重量百分比。
較佳者,玻璃纖維之長度範圍為3-10毫米。
較佳者,玻璃纖維之平均半徑範圍為5-10微米。
較佳者,玻璃纖維與聚合物黏著劑的重量比為至少2.5份黏著劑對1份纖維、較佳者為3份黏著劑對1份纖維,更甚者為4份黏著劑對1份纖維。
於部份的實施例,板材可不包含有澱粉;於其他實施例中,板材包含有合成聚合物與澱粉,澱粉的量低於合成聚合物的量,較佳者為相對合成聚合物小於5%重量百分比,更甚者為3%。
一般來說,石膏基質並不包含有玻璃纖維以外的任何纖維,然而,於一些例子中,石膏基質包含有非玻璃纖維,非玻璃纖維的平均長度係至少為玻璃纖維之50%,甚至為至少80%。
一般說來,面板於其一側或兩側提供有飾面,譬如為包含有纖維素或玻璃纖維的紙質飾面,另外,飾面也可提供部份或是全面嵌於板材表面的軟墊,譬如可為玻璃纖維軟墊。
利用包含有合成聚合物而非澱粉來增強板材強度,可具有一個或一個以上之下列優點: l 生產過程中乾燥較為快速,進而增加製造速率; l 成品板材於溼度變化較不易有尺寸上的變化。
較佳者,板材的厚度範圍係為6-20毫米,更甚者為10-16毫米。
較佳者,板材的密度範圍為每平方公尺600-1400公斤,更甚者為每平方公尺700-1200公斤。
於第二方面,本發明提供一種上述第一方面之板材的製造方法,包含有係包含下列步驟:提供灰泥泥漿,其包含有玻璃纖維、以及合成聚合物黏著劑,並允許泥漿固化, 其中灰泥中之石灰含量落於0-0.5%重量百分比的範圍; 以及更進一步於提供灰泥泥漿的步驟更包含添加水於灰泥的步驟,水的量小於灰泥重量之兩倍。
一般說來,泥漿蓋略不包含有石膏。
較佳者,添加於灰泥之水的量小於灰泥重量之1.5倍。
由本發明第二方面之製造方法所製備之板材,包含有一個或是一個以上第一方面所提供之板材的特徵。
現在將僅通過示例的方式描述本發明。
石膏灰泥板可根據下列方法而藉由石膏泥漿來製備: 1. 將聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVA)添加於水中來形成懸浮液體; 2. 將玻璃纖維混入懸浮液體中; 3. 添加灰泥於懸浮液體中來形成泥漿; 4. 將泥漿於Kenwood攪拌器(RTM)內以最小速度維持10秒來進行混合; 5. 增加速度使泥漿在進行混合20秒; 6. 將泥漿塗佈於成型表面來形成板材; 7. 板材於160℃乾燥一小時,並接續於40℃的環境下乾燥直到達到預定的恒重; 8. 板材於23℃、相對溼度50%的環境進行調整,直到達到預定的恒重。
泥漿的組成與板材的密度詳見於下面表一。
聚醋酸乙烯酯添加於泥漿中來形成懸浮液體,聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVA)的添加量揭示於表一為懸浮液體中包含的聚醋酸乙烯酯的量,而不是添加於泥漿的懸浮總量。表一
Figure 106111446-A0304-0001
螺旋拉伸試驗
螺旋拉伸試驗於23℃、相對溼度50%的條件下,由100*100平方毫米的樣品來測試,以50毫米的單螺紋木螺釘使用扭力螺絲起子來刺入樣品中,螺釘穿過定位於樣品表面之金屬負載轉移元件,金屬負載轉移元件具有配置於螺絲頭與樣品表面之第一部份、以及咬合於測試機的第二部份,而使允許沿著螺釘軸向之負載施加於螺釘上。
接著樣品固定於維克式(Zwick)萬用測試機,預壓10牛頓的力沿著螺釘軸向施加於螺釘,接續負載以螺絲頭每分鐘10毫米的固定速度來增加,直到拉出為止。
修改拉伸試驗
修改拉伸試驗與螺旋拉伸試驗具有相同的標準,但是增加額外步驟,於使用扭力螺絲起子將螺釘***樣品後、除去螺釘並再使用扭力螺絲起子***相同位置。
疲勞試驗
疲勞試驗與螺旋拉伸試驗具有相同的標準,但是增加額外步驟,於施加10牛頓的預壓於螺釘以及設定螺絲頭每分鐘10毫米的速度之間,以螺絲頭每分鐘10毫米的速度施加100次介於10-300牛頓之間的負載循環。
手動扭力試驗
手動扭力試驗 於23℃、相對溼度50%的條件下,由100*100平方毫米的樣品來測試,以50毫米的單螺紋木螺釘使用螺釘槍來刺入樣品中,螺釘穿過定位於樣品表面之金屬墊片。
螺釘槍設定為螺釘刺入樣品後,會使其螺釘頭凸出10毫米,螺釘接著以手動扭力螺絲起子來轉動,直到讀取到扭力急遽增加,而螺釘頭接觸到樣品。使用手動螺絲起子,螺釘接著被轉動1/8圈,然後紀錄下所讀取的扭力值後將其歸零,此程序會一直進行,直到達到最大扭力後的至少1.5圈,然後最大扭力會被加以紀錄。
此機械試驗的結果紀錄於表二,括弧內的數字表示樣品測試的數量。
表二
Figure 106111446-A0304-0002
:無

Claims (12)

  1. 一板材,具有一石膏基質,該石膏基質具有下列添加物嵌合於其內:一玻璃纖維,總量大於該石膏之重量百分比1%且小於該石膏之重量百分比6%;一合成聚合物黏著劑,總量大於該石膏之重量百分比2.5%且小於該石膏之重量百分比25%;該玻璃纖維與該合成聚合物黏著劑之重量比至少為1比2;其中該石膏基質之沙子的量相對於該石膏之重量百分比為0-0.5%;以及該石膏基質之纖維素纖維的量相對於該石膏之重量百分比為0-2%。
  2. 如請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該板材於至少一側係提供一飾面。
  3. 如請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該聚合物黏著劑係為聚醋酸乙烯酯。
  4. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該石膏基質之壓克力樹脂的量相對於石膏之重量百分比為0-1%。
  5. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該石膏基質之碳酸鈣的量相對於石膏之重量百分比為0-1%。
  6. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中嵌合於該石膏基質內之該添加物的總重量係小於該石膏基質之該石膏的重量。
  7. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該聚合物黏著劑的量大於石膏量之3.5%重量百分比。
  8. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該玻璃纖維之長度範圍係為3-10毫米。
  9. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該玻璃纖維之平均半徑範圍係為5-10微米。
  10. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該玻璃纖維與該合成聚合物黏著劑之重量比至少為1比3。
  11. 如前述請求項第1項所述之板材,其中該板材基本上不含澱粉、或是澱粉量相對於該合成聚合物黏著劑小於5%重量百分比。
  12. 一種製造如請求項第1-11項中之任一項所述之板材的方法,係包含下列步驟:提供一灰泥泥漿,包含有玻璃纖維、以及一合成聚合物黏著劑,並允許該泥漿固化,其中該灰泥中之石灰含量落於0-0.5%重量百分比的範圍;以及其中該灰泥泥漿更包含添加水於該灰泥的步驟,該水的量係小於該灰泥重量之兩倍。
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