TWI713292B - 開關調節器 - Google Patents

開關調節器 Download PDF

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TWI713292B
TWI713292B TW106104818A TW106104818A TWI713292B TW I713292 B TWI713292 B TW I713292B TW 106104818 A TW106104818 A TW 106104818A TW 106104818 A TW106104818 A TW 106104818A TW I713292 B TWI713292 B TW I713292B
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comparator
switching regulator
switch
input terminal
voltage
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TW201810904A (zh
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河野明大
後藤克也
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日商艾普凌科有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本發明提供一種開關調節器，抑制比較器切換通常電流動作與低消耗電流動作時的雜訊耦合，以使其穩定地動作。本發明採用下述結構：在比較器的輸入端子設置開關，當切換通常電流動作與低消耗電流動作時，從比較器的輸入端子分離電阻值大的反饋電阻。

Description

開關調節器
本發明是有關於一種開關調節器（switching regulator），尤其是有關於一種在輕負載時削減消耗電流的技術。
電子機器要求低消耗電力。尤其是智慧型手機（smartphone）、行動機器、可穿戴（wearable）機器等是電池（battery）驅動，因此更強烈要求低消耗電力。開關調節器被用作各種電子機器的電壓供給源。對於開關調節器，有如下要求：即使從輸出端子供給至負載的電流從低電流大幅變化為大電流，亦可維持高效率。
圖3是習知的同步整流型開關調節器300的電路圖。開關調節器300包含反饋（feedback）電阻7、比較器10、基準電壓電路12、R-S正反器（flip-flop）13、導通（ON）時間控制電路14、輸出控制電路15、驅動器（driver）電路16及驅動器電路17、比較器18、功率（power）FET（Field Effect Transistor，場效電晶體）2及功率FET 4、電感器（inductor）3以及電容器（condenser）5（例如參照專利文獻1）。
對輸出電壓VOUT進行分壓的反饋電阻7輸出反饋電壓VFB。基準電壓電路12輸出基準電壓VREF。比較器10對反饋電壓VFB與基準電壓VREF進行比較，並輸出設置（set）信號。R-S正反器13在設置端子S收到設置信號時，向輸出端子Q輸出高位準（high level）的信號。導通時間控制電路14在收到輸出端子Q的高位準信號時，在規定時間後向重置（reset）端子R輸出重置信號。R-S正反器13在重置端子R收到重置信號時，向輸出端子Q輸出低位準的信號。 輸出控制電路15根據R-S正反器13的輸出端子Q的輸出信號來產生功率FET 2及功率FET 4的驅動信號。
所述開關調節器300以下述方式動作而實現低消耗電力。 在重負載模式下，功率FET 2及功率FET 4成為開關調節器300中主要消耗電力的部分。因而，開關調節器300藉由減小功率FET 2及功率FET 4的導通電阻值，可實現低消耗電力及高效率。
在輕負載模式下，功率FET 2及功率FET 4的電力消耗變小，因此比較器10等電路造成的電力消耗成為主要的電力損失。因此，降低比較器10等的電力損失成為實現低消耗電力及高效率的有效方法。
例如，比較器18對電感器3一端的電壓與GND端子的電壓進行比較，當電壓關係發生逆轉時，向比較器10輸出檢測信號。比較器10接收比較器18的檢測信號，而轉變為減小動作電流的低消耗電流動作。 [現有技術文獻] [專利文獻]
專利文獻1：美國專利第8970199號說明書 [發明所欲解決之問題]
例如，比較器10在通常動作時一般會消耗數μA級（order）至數十μA級的電流，為了在負載電流為1 μA以下或數μA的輕負載模式的情況下維持高效率，必須將消耗電流抑制為1 μA以下。而且，反饋電阻7必須將電阻值設為數MΩ～數百MΩ，以削減消耗電流。
此處，在反饋電阻7的電阻值為數MΩ～數百MΩ的情況下，當為了進行低消耗電流動作而將比較器10的動作電流切換為小的電流時，反饋電阻7所連接的比較器10的輸入端子的反饋電壓VFB容易因雜訊耦合（noise coupling）而發生變動。進而，由於反饋電阻7的電阻值大，因此變動的反饋電壓VFB恢復至正常的電壓需要長時間。因而存在下述問題：作為開關調節器，動作裕度（margin）下降或者產生誤動作。
[解決問題之手段] 為了解決習知的問題，本發明的開關調節器採用了如下所述的結構。 一種開關調節器，包括： 反饋電阻，輸出反饋電壓； 基準電壓電路，產生基準電壓；以及 比較器，第一輸入端子連接有所述反饋電阻的輸出端子，第二輸入端子連接有所述基準電壓電路的輸出端子，對所述反饋電壓與所述基準電壓進行比較， 所述開關調節器根據所述比較器輸出的信號，對連接於電壓輸入端子與輸出端子之間的功率場效電晶體進行控制，以輸出所需的電壓，所述開關調節器的特徵在於包括： 輕負載模式檢測電路，檢測輕負載模式； 第一開關，設於所述反饋電阻的輸出端子與所述第一輸入端子之間；以及 第二開關，設於所述第一輸入端子與所述第二輸入端子之間， 當所述比較器根據所述輕負載模式檢測電路的檢測信號而切換動作電流時，所述第一開關斷開，所述第二開關導通。 [發明的效果]
根據本發明的開關調節器，在比較器的輸入端子設有開關，當切換通常電流動作與低消耗電流動作時，從比較器的輸入端子分離電阻值大的反饋電阻，因此可抑制雜訊耦合，從而可抑制開關調節器的誤動作。
圖1是本發明的實施形態的開關調節器100的電路圖。 本實施形態的開關調節器100具備反饋電阻7、開關8及開關9、比較器10、電容器11、基準電壓電路12、R-S正反器13、導通時間控制電路14、輸出控制電路15、驅動器電路16及驅動器電路17、作為高側（high side）開關元件的功率FET 2、作為低側（low side）開關元件的功率FET 4、電感器3以及電容器5。
反饋電阻7對輸出端子OUT的輸出電壓VOUT進行分壓而輸出反饋電壓VFB。基準電壓電路12輸出基準電壓VREF。比較器10對反饋電壓VFB與基準電壓VREF進行比較，並輸出檢測信號。R-S正反器13在設置端子S收到設置信號時，向輸出端子Q輸出高位準的信號。導通時間控制電路14收到輸出端子Q的高位準的信號時，在規定時間後向重置端子R輸出重置信號。R-S正反器13在重置端子R收到重置信號時，向輸出端子Q輸出低位準的信號。輸出控制電路15根據R-S正反器13的輸出端子Q的輸出信號來產生功率FET 2及功率FET 4的驅動信號。比較器18對電感器3一端的電壓與GND端子的電壓進行比較，當電壓關係發生逆轉時，向比較器10輸出檢測信號。比較器10接收比較器18的檢測信號而轉變為減小動作電流的低消耗電流動作。
接下來，對開關8及開關9進行說明。 開關8連接於反饋電阻7的輸出端子與比較器10的反相輸入端子之間。開關9連接於比較器10的反相輸入端子與非反相輸入端子之間。
當開關調節器100在重負載模式下進行動作時，開關8導通，開關9斷開。在此開關8及開關9的狀態下，開關調節器100成為與一般的開關調節器同樣的電路結構。並且，比較器10以通常的動作電流進行動作。
此處，當開關調節器100由重負載模式變為輕負載模式時，比較器10接收比較器18的檢測信號而轉變為減小動作電流的低消耗電流動作。例如，在使通常的動作電流流經比較器10的第一定電流源、與流經比較器10的電流較第一定電流源少的第二定電流源之間切換。
當比較器18輸出檢測信號時，首先，開關8斷開，開關9導通。因而，比較器10分離反相輸入端子與反饋電阻7的連接，而連接反相輸入端子與非反相輸入端子之間。接下來，比較器10轉變為減小動作電流的低消耗電流動作。隨後，開關8導通，開關9斷開，開關調節器恢復為通常的電路結構。
此時，亦可在比較器10的目標節點達到所需的動作點後，或者接近其電壓後，切換開關8及開關9。或者，亦可使用定時器（timer）電路等，以所需的時機來依序進行所述動作。 而且，開關調節器100由輕負載模式變為重負載模式時，亦同樣在切換開關8及開關9的連接後切換比較器10的動作電流。
如以上所說明般，比較器10在通常電流動作與低消耗電流動作切換時，分離反相輸入端子與反饋電阻7的連接，因此反相輸入端子不會受到雜訊耦合的影響。因而，可抑制開關調節器的誤動作。
而且，比較器10藉由開關9來連接反相輸入端子與非反相輸入端子，從而成為基準電壓VREF。一般而言，基準電壓電路12由於輸出阻抗（impedance）低，因此相對於雜訊耦合具有強耐性。即使在基準電壓電路12的輸出阻抗高的情況下，藉由追加電容器11，亦可確保低阻抗，從而可相對於雜訊耦合具有強耐性。
另外，本實施形態的說明中，使用同步整流型的開關調節器100進行了說明，但只要適用於檢測輕負載模式而切換動作電流的比較器即可，因此並不限定於開關調節器的結構。例如，亦可為圖2所示的開關調節器200，該開關調節器200具備三角波產生電路21、誤差放大器22、基準電壓電路23、比較器24以及肖特基二極體（Schottky diode）25。
2、4‧‧‧功率FET3‧‧‧電感器5、11‧‧‧電容器7‧‧‧反饋電阻8、9‧‧‧開關10、18、24‧‧‧比較器12、23‧‧‧基準電壓電路13‧‧‧R-S正反器14‧‧‧導通時間控制電路15‧‧‧輸出控制電路16、17‧‧‧驅動器電路21‧‧‧三角波產生電路22‧‧‧誤差放大器25‧‧‧肖特基二極體100、200、300‧‧‧開關調節器OUT、Q‧‧‧輸出端子R‧‧‧重置端子S‧‧‧設置端子VFB‧‧‧反饋電壓VREF‧‧‧基準電壓
圖1是表示本發明的實施形態的開關調節器的電路圖。 圖2是表示本實施形態的開關調節器的另一例的電路圖。 圖3是表示習知的同步整流型的開關調節器的電路圖。
2、4‧‧‧功率FET
3‧‧‧電感器
5、11‧‧‧電容器
7‧‧‧反饋電阻
8、9‧‧‧開關
10、18‧‧‧比較器
12‧‧‧基準電壓電路
13‧‧‧R-S正反器
14‧‧‧導通時間控制電路
15‧‧‧輸出控制電路
16、17‧‧‧驅動器電路
100‧‧‧開關調節器
OUT、Q‧‧‧輸出端子
R‧‧‧重置端子
S‧‧‧設置端子
VFB‧‧‧反饋電壓
VREF‧‧‧基準電壓

Claims (3)

  1. 一種開關調節器，包括：反饋電阻，輸出反饋電壓；基準電壓電路，產生基準電壓；以及比較器，第一輸入端子連接有所述反饋電阻的輸出端子，第二輸入端子連接有所述基準電壓電路的輸出端子，對所述反饋電壓與所述基準電壓進行比較，所述開關調節器根據所述比較器輸出的信號，對連接於電壓輸入端子與輸出端子之間的功率場效電晶體進行控制，以輸出所需的電壓，所述開關調節器的特徵在於包括：輕負載模式檢測電路，檢測輕負載模式；第一開關，設於所述反饋電阻的輸出端子與所述第一輸入端子之間；以及第二開關，設於所述第一輸入端子與所述第二輸入端子之間，當所述比較器根據所述輕負載模式檢測電路的檢測信號而切換動作電流時，所述第一開關斷開，所述第二開關導通。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的開關調節器，其中所述輕負載模式檢測電路根據與所述開關調節器的輸出端子連接的電壓來檢測所述輕負載模式。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的開關調節器，其中所述輕負載模式檢測電路根據所述比較器的輸出端子的信號來檢測所述輕負載模式。
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