TWI661610B - Thin type antenna structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提供一種薄型天線結構,特別是一種整合不同通訊頻段之天線結構,係至少包括:高頻段及低頻段槽孔天線單元、高頻段及低頻段微帶線饋入單元、及高通與低通濾波電路。高頻段及低頻段槽孔天線單元皆包括地平面呈+45度/-45度正交極化領結型槽孔,並透過相應的微帶線饋入單元以耦合饋入方式激發於領結型槽孔兩端。高通與低通濾波電路位於高頻段及低頻段饋入部之間。藉此,形成一種整合高低頻段之多輸入多輸出槽孔天線結構,並可貼附於鐵道車輛之窗邊或架設車頂位置處,以提供鐵道車輛內之通訊設備使用。The invention provides a thin antenna structure, in particular to an antenna structure integrating different communication frequency bands, which at least comprises: a high frequency band and a low frequency band slot antenna unit, a high frequency band and a low frequency band microstrip line feeding unit, and a high pass and a low pass Filter circuit. The high-frequency and low-band slot antenna elements include a +45 degree/-45 degree orthogonal polarization bow-tie slot on the ground plane, and are excited by the corresponding microstrip line feed unit to the bow tie slot through the coupling feed mode. Both ends of the hole. The high pass and low pass filter circuits are located between the high frequency band and the low frequency band feed. Thereby, a multi-input multi-output slot antenna structure integrating high and low frequency bands is formed, and can be attached to the window of the railway vehicle or at the position of the roof to provide communication equipment in the railway vehicle.
Description
本發明是有關於一種天線技術,且特別是有關於一種薄型天線結構。The present invention relates to an antenna technology, and more particularly to a thin antenna structure.
隨著行動網路快速發展,各種大眾運輸(例如,公車、捷運、鐵道車輛等)逐漸結合了聯網功能。而現行鐵道車輛上的Wi-Fi連網服務之回程網路(Backhaul)傳輸需透過***(4G)行動通訊路由器(Router)介接來實現。車廂設備上的射頻(Radio Frequency,RF)天線埠大部份皆採用船槳型外觀之全向性外接天線,使用上需透過空間分集將天線分開,整體建置空間無法縮小。With the rapid development of mobile networks, various mass transits (such as buses, MRTs, railway vehicles, etc.) are gradually combining networking functions. The backhaul transmission of the Wi-Fi networking service on the existing railway vehicles is implemented through the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication router (Router). Most of the radio frequency (RF) antennas on the cabin equipment use an omnidirectional external antenna with a propeller type appearance. The antennas need to be separated by space diversity, and the overall construction space cannot be reduced.
另一方面,為了提升傳輸速度,多數通訊技術逐漸結合多輸入多輸出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)天線技術。然而,現有槽孔天線架構仍偏向單天線系統應用居多。若與實現MIMO天線系統,現有技術通常係利用多組槽孔天線並以空間分集方式錯開擺放,但卻大幅增加設計複雜度與天線本體所佔空間。On the other hand, in order to increase the transmission speed, most communication technologies are gradually combining multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology. However, the existing slot antenna architecture is still biased towards single antenna system applications. If the MIMO antenna system is implemented, the prior art usually uses multiple sets of slot antennas and staggers in a spatial diversity manner, but greatly increases the design complexity and the space occupied by the antenna body.
此外,現有技術有部份採用耦合元件緊鄰槽孔天線或使用多組槽孔單元整合,以獲得較寬共振頻帶。然而,由於這類設計架構應用以手持式終端居多,因此對於工作頻段要求大部分僅以-6dB返回損耗為基準。從能量損耗觀點而言,-6dB返回損耗代表仍有25%能量反射回系統端,無法將能量完整傳遞至天線端,其架構有待優化改良。In addition, some prior art techniques utilize coupling elements in close proximity to the slot antenna or using multiple sets of slot units to achieve a wider resonant frequency band. However, since such design architecture applications are mostly handheld terminals, most of the operating band requirements are based only on -6dB return loss. From the point of view of energy loss, the -6dB return loss means that 25% of the energy is still reflected back to the system end, and the energy cannot be completely transmitted to the antenna end. The architecture needs to be optimized and improved.
有鑑於此,本發明提供一種薄型天線結構,其適用於裝載於任何車輛,並能實現MIMO天線系統,更具有較佳能量損耗表現。In view of this, the present invention provides a thin antenna structure suitable for loading in any vehicle and capable of realizing a MIMO antenna system, and having better energy loss performance.
本發明的薄型天線結構,其包括介電基板、第一槽孔天線單元、第一饋入端、第二饋入端、第一饋入單元、及第二饋入單元。介電基板包括本體、位於本體上表層之金屬面、及位於本體下表層之饋入面。第一槽孔天線單元位於金屬面上,並包括第一領結(Bow-tie)型槽孔及第二領結型槽孔。第二領結型槽孔之中軸線與第一領結型槽孔之中軸線正交,且第一及第二領結型槽孔之中心點重疊。第一饋入單元位於饋入面,並包括第一頭饋入件及二第一尾饋入件。第一頭饋入件之一端連接第一饋入端。這二第一尾饋入件分別由第一頭饋入件延伸至第一領結型槽孔二端。第二饋入單元位於饋入面,並包括第二頭饋入件及二第二尾饋入件。第二頭饋入件之一端連接第二饋入端。這二第二尾饋入件分別由第二頭饋入件延伸至第二領結型槽孔二端。The thin antenna structure of the present invention comprises a dielectric substrate, a first slot antenna unit, a first feed end, a second feed end, a first feed unit, and a second feed unit. The dielectric substrate includes a body, a metal surface on a surface layer of the body, and a feed surface on a lower surface of the body. The first slot antenna unit is located on the metal surface and includes a first bow-tie type slot and a second bow tie type slot. The central axis of the second bow tie type slot is orthogonal to the central axis of the first bow tie type slot, and the center points of the first and second bow tie type slots overlap. The first feeding unit is located at the feeding surface and includes a first head feeding member and two first tail feeding members. One end of the first feedthrough is coupled to the first feed end. The two first tail feed members are respectively extended from the first head feed member to the two ends of the first bow tie type slot. The second feeding unit is located on the feeding surface and includes a second head feeding member and two second tail feeding members. One end of the second feedthrough is connected to the second feed end. The two second tail feed members are respectively extended from the second head feed member to the two ends of the second bow tie type slot.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的介電基板之本體具有一側邊,此側邊與第一領結型槽孔之中垂線之間夾角為+45度,且此側邊與第二領結型槽孔之中垂線之間夾角為-45度。In an embodiment of the invention, the body of the dielectric substrate has a side edge, and the angle between the side edge and the vertical line of the first bow-tie type slot is +45 degrees, and the side edge and the second bow tie type The angle between the vertical lines in the slot is -45 degrees.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的第一頭饋入件另一端與第一領結型槽孔之中垂線垂直,而第二頭饋入件另一端與第二領結型槽孔之中垂線垂直。In an embodiment of the invention, the other end of the first head feeding member is perpendicular to the vertical line of the first bow-tie type slot, and the other end of the second head feeding member is perpendicular to the vertical line of the second bow-tie type slot. .
在本發明一實施例中,上述各第一尾饋入件包括第一前延伸部,且這二第一尾饋入件的第一前延伸部與第一領結型槽孔之中垂線平行並與第一頭饋入件形成T形接合(T-junction)。In an embodiment of the invention, each of the first tail feedthroughs includes a first front extension, and the first front extensions of the two first tail feedthroughs are parallel to the vertical line of the first bowtie type slot Forming a T-junction with the first head feedthrough.
在本發明一實施例中,上述各第二尾饋入件包括第二前延伸部,且這二第一尾饋入件的第二前延伸部與第二領結型槽孔之中垂線平行並與第二頭饋入件形成T形接合。In an embodiment of the invention, each of the second tail feedthroughs includes a second front extension, and the second front extensions of the two first tail feedthroughs are parallel to the vertical line of the second bow tie slot Forming a T-shaped engagement with the second feedthrough.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的其中一個第二尾饋入件包括第一後延伸部由第二前延伸部一端垂直延伸而出、第二後延伸部由第一後延伸部延伸方向繼續延伸、以及微帶金屬片其二端連接第一及第二後延伸部,且微帶金屬片位於第二尾饋入件下方,使第一饋入單元與第二饋入單元不接觸。In an embodiment of the invention, one of the second tail feedthroughs includes a first rear extension extending vertically from one end of the second front extension, and a second rear extension extending from the first rear extension. The extension and the microstrip metal piece have two ends connected to the first and second rear extensions, and the microstrip metal piece is located below the second tail feed piece, so that the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit do not contact.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的第一饋入單元以耦合饋入方式將能量激發於第一領結型槽孔二端,而第二饋入單元以耦合饋入方式將能量激發於第二領結型槽孔二端。In an embodiment of the invention, the first feeding unit excites energy to the two ends of the first bow-tie slot by coupling feeding, and the second feeding unit excites energy to the second by coupling feeding. The bow tie type has two ends.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的薄型天線結構更包括第二槽孔天線單元、第三饋入單元及第四饋入單元。第二槽化天線單元位於金屬面上,與第一槽化天線之間有間隔,並包括第三領結型槽孔及第四領結型槽孔。而第四領結型槽孔之中軸線與第三領結型槽孔之中軸線正交,且第三及第四領結型槽孔之中心點重疊。第三饋入單元位於饋入面,並包括第三頭饋入件及二第三尾饋入件。第三頭饋入件一端連接第一饋入端。而二第三尾饋入件分別由第三頭饋入件延伸至第三領結型槽孔二端。第四饋入單元位於饋入面,並包括第四頭饋入件及二第四尾饋入件。第四頭饋入件一端連接第二饋入端。而二第四尾饋入件分別由第四頭饋入件延伸至第四領結型槽孔二端。In an embodiment of the invention, the thin antenna structure further includes a second slot antenna unit, a third feed unit, and a fourth feed unit. The second trough antenna unit is located on the metal surface and spaced apart from the first trough antenna, and includes a third bowtie type slot and a fourth bow tie type slot. The central axis of the fourth bow tie slot is orthogonal to the central axis of the third bow tie slot, and the center points of the third and fourth bow tie slots overlap. The third feeding unit is located on the feeding surface and includes a third head feeding member and two third tail feeding members. One end of the third feedthrough is connected to the first feed end. The two third tail feed members are respectively extended from the third feed member to the two ends of the third bow tie slot. The fourth feeding unit is located at the feeding surface and includes a fourth head feeding member and two fourth tail feeding members. One end of the fourth feedthrough is connected to the second feed end. The second and fourth tail feed members are respectively extended from the fourth head feed member to the two ends of the fourth bow tie type slot.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的薄型天線結構更包括第一及第二高通與低通濾波電路。第一高通與低通濾波電路設於第一饋入單元及第三饋入單元之間。第二高通與低通濾波電路設於第而饋入單元及第四饋入單元之間。In an embodiment of the invention, the thin antenna structure further includes first and second high pass and low pass filter circuits. The first high pass and low pass filter circuit is disposed between the first feed unit and the third feed unit. The second high pass and low pass filter circuit is disposed between the first feed unit and the fourth feed unit.
在本發明一實施例中,上述的第一或第二高通與低通濾波電路包括低通電容、與低通電容串聯的低通電感、高通電感、與高通電感串聯的高通電容、及高通並聯電容。而低通電容及電感用以連接第一或第二饋入單元,且高通電感、電容及並聯電容用以連接第三或第四饋入單元。In an embodiment of the invention, the first or second high-pass and low-pass filter circuit includes a low-pass capacitor, a low-pass inductor connected in series with the low-pass capacitor, a high-pass inductor, a high-pass capacitor connected in series with the high-pass inductor, and a high-pass parallel capacitance. The low-pass capacitor and the inductor are used to connect the first or second feed unit, and the high-pass inductor, capacitor and shunt capacitor are used to connect the third or fourth feed unit.
基於上述,本發明實施例透過極化分集方式,以中心點正交極化槽孔天線方式實現,可有效縮小天線所需空間,並有助於提升多天線系統隔離度。為避免饋入埠彼此接觸影響阻抗特性,特別使用一分二T-Junction微帶線耦合饋入至領結型槽孔兩端,整體架構簡單且具對稱性,因此容易確保極化純度,有助於降低天線相關性。此外,高低頻段正交槽孔天線獨立設計,並整合高通與低通濾波電路,以減少高低頻段阻抗特性牽絆影響,可滿足於4G 900MHz/1800MHz/2600MHz之操作頻帶內-10dB返回損耗規格。藉此,可整合天線外罩而安裝於鐵道車輛車頂。或者,藉由薄型外觀,而安裝於鐵道車輛兩側資訊看板處或窗邊。Based on the above, the embodiment of the present invention implements the polarization diversity method and implements the center point orthogonal polarization slot antenna method, which can effectively reduce the space required by the antenna and help improve the isolation of the multi-antenna system. In order to avoid the influence of the feeding 埠 contact with each other, the two-T-Junction microstrip line coupling is fed to both ends of the bow-tie slot. The overall structure is simple and symmetrical, so it is easy to ensure polarization purity. To reduce antenna correlation. In addition, the high and low frequency orthogonal slot antennas are independently designed and integrated with high-pass and low-pass filter circuits to reduce the impedance characteristics of the high and low frequency bands, which can meet the -10dB return loss specification in the operating band of 4G 900MHz/1800MHz/2600MHz. Thereby, the antenna cover can be integrated and mounted on the roof of the railway vehicle. Or, by a thin appearance, it is installed on the information board at either side of the railway vehicle or at the window.
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。The above described features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
圖1A及1B是依據本發明第一實施例之薄型天線結構1的示意圖。請同時參照圖1A及1B,薄型天線結構1包括介電基板11、槽孔天線單元122、饋入端161,162、及饋入單元131,132。1A and 1B are schematic views of a thin antenna structure 1 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. 1A and 1B, the thin antenna structure 1 includes a dielectric substrate 11, a slot antenna unit 122, feed terminals 161, 162, and feed units 131, 132.
介電基板11包括本體、位於本體上表層(以圖1B所示)之金屬面12、及位於本體下表層(以圖1A所示)之饋入面13。The dielectric substrate 11 includes a body, a metal surface 12 on the surface of the body (shown in FIG. 1B), and a feed surface 13 on the lower surface of the body (shown in FIG. 1A).
槽孔天線單元122位於金屬面12上,並包括領結(Bow-tie)型槽孔1221,1222,以增加工作頻寬。領結型槽孔1221係由槽孔邊1221A~1221C及1221D~1221F形成之二相對且對稱的三角形所構成,而領結型槽孔1222則係由槽孔邊1222A~1221C及1222D~1222F形成之二相對且對稱的三角形所構成。這二領結型槽孔1221,1222的形狀大致相等,且其中垂線(垂直穿過相對的兩槽孔邊1221B與1221E、1222B與122E的法線)正交,領結型槽孔1221,1222之中心點並重疊,以形成十字形狀。此外,領結型槽孔1221之中垂線與介電基板11本體的底側邊(如圖1A所示最底側邊,與地平面平行)之間的夾角為+45度,領結型槽孔1222之中垂線與介電基板11本體的底側邊之間的為-45度。The slot antenna unit 122 is located on the metal face 12 and includes Bow-tie shaped slots 1221, 1222 to increase the operating bandwidth. The bow tie slot 1221 is formed by two opposite and symmetrical triangles formed by the slot sides 1221A~1221C and 1221D~1221F, and the bow tie slot 1222 is formed by the slot sides 1222A~1221C and 1222D~1222F. Consisting of relatively symmetrical triangles. The two bow-tie slots 1221, 1222 are substantially equal in shape, and wherein the vertical lines (perpendicularly perpendicular to the normals of the opposite slot sides 1221B and 1221E, 1222B and 122E) are orthogonal to the center of the bow-tie slots 1221, 1222 Point and overlap to form a cross shape. In addition, the angle between the vertical line of the bow-tie slot 1221 and the bottom side of the body of the dielectric substrate 11 (the bottommost side shown in FIG. 1A, parallel to the ground plane) is +45 degrees, and the bow-tie slot 1222 The middle vertical line is -45 degrees between the bottom side of the body of the dielectric substrate 11.
饋入端161,162分別連接射頻(RF)同軸線,其位置大致相對位於金屬面12兩側。The feed ends 161, 162 are respectively connected to radio frequency (RF) coaxial lines, which are located substantially opposite to each other on the metal surface 12.
饋入單元131,132位於饋入面13,並透過微帶線實作。饋入單元131包括頭饋入件1313與二尾饋入件1311,1312。頭饋入件1313之一端連接饋入端161,而其另一端與領結型槽孔1221中垂線垂直。尾饋入件1311包括與上述頭饋入件1313另一端垂直的前延伸部1311A、及與前延伸部1311A垂直延伸而出的後延伸部1311B。尾饋入件1311跨過領結型槽孔1221之槽孔邊1221A,且其部分位置與領結型槽孔1221重疊。尾饋入件1312包括與上述頭饋入件1313另一端垂直的前延伸部1312A、後延伸部1312B由前延伸部1312A一端垂直延伸而出、後延伸部1312C由後延伸部1312B延伸方向繼續延伸、以及微帶金屬片1312D其二端以導通孔152連接後延伸部1312B,1312C(如圖1C所示A-A之局部放大)。尾饋入件1312並跨過領結型槽孔1221之槽孔邊1221D,且其部分位置與領結型槽孔1221重疊。此外,前延伸部1311A,1312A與領結型槽孔1221之中垂線平行,並與頭饋入件1313形成T型接合。換言之,饋入單元131係由一分二T型接合饋入網路所組成。而饋入單元131末端線寬大致為50歐姆特性阻抗,並利用遞減傳輸線(Tapered Transmission Line)至100歐姆特性阻抗,最後後延伸部1311B,1312B兩端再並聯成50歐姆特性阻抗,使電流自饋入端161饋入後,經由饋入單元131傳遞,並以耦合饋入方式將能量之發於領結型槽孔1221兩端。The feed units 131, 132 are located on the feed face 13 and are implemented by the microstrip line. The feed unit 131 includes a head feed member 1313 and two tail feed members 1311, 1312. One end of the head feedthrough 1313 is connected to the feed end 161, and the other end thereof is perpendicular to the vertical line in the bow tie slot 1221. The tail feedthrough 1311 includes a front extension 1311A perpendicular to the other end of the head feedthrough 1313 and a rear extension 1311B extending perpendicularly to the front extension 1311A. The tail feedthrough 1311 spans the slot edge 1221A of the bowtie slot 1221 and is partially overlapped with the bowtie slot 1221. The tail feedthrough 1312 includes a front extension 1312A perpendicular to the other end of the head feedthrough 1313, a rear extension 1312B extending vertically from one end of the front extension 1312A, and a rear extension 1312C extending from the extension of the rear extension 1312B. And the microstrip metal piece 1312D has two ends connected by a via hole 152 to the rear extension portions 1312B, 1312C (partially enlarged by AA as shown in FIG. 1C). The tail feed member 1312 spans the slot edge 1221D of the bow tie slot 1221 and is partially overlapped with the bow tie slot 1221. Further, the front extensions 1311A, 1312A are parallel to the vertical line in the bowtie type slot 1221 and form a T-junction with the head feedthrough 1313. In other words, the feed unit 131 is composed of a one-two-two-junction feed-in network. The feed unit 131 has a line width of approximately 50 ohms characteristic impedance, and utilizes a tapered transmission line to a 100 ohm characteristic impedance. Finally, the rear extensions 1311B and 1312B are further connected in parallel to form a 50 ohm characteristic impedance, so that the current is self-contained. After the feeding end 161 is fed in, it is transmitted through the feeding unit 131, and energy is applied to both ends of the bow-tie type slot 1221 by coupling feeding.
另一方面,饋入單元132包括頭饋入件1323與二尾饋入件1321,1322。頭饋入件1323之一端連接饋入端162,而其另一端與領結型槽孔1222中垂線垂直。尾饋入件1321包括與上述頭饋入件1323另一端垂直的前延伸部1321A、及與前延伸部1321A垂直延伸而出的後延伸部1321B。後延伸部1311B的位置與領結型槽孔1222重疊。尾饋入件1312包括與上述頭饋入件1323另一端垂直的前延伸部1322A、及後延伸部1322B由前延伸部1312A一端垂直延伸而出。此外,前延伸部1321A,1322A與領結型槽孔1222之中垂線平行,並與頭饋入件1323形成T型接合。換言之,饋入單元131同樣係由一分二T型接合饋入網路所組成,使電流自饋入端162饋入後,經由饋入單元132傳遞,並以耦合饋入方式將能量之發於領結型槽孔1222兩端。而值得注意的是,請參照圖1C,由於饋入單元131,132之交界處透過饋入部131之尾饋入件1312局部斷開,並以微帶金屬片1312D延續斷開處,以形成完整傳輸路徑,從而避免饋入單元131,132的兩T型接合微帶線接觸(即,饋入單元131,132不接觸)而影響天線效能。饋入單元131,132所形成的兩T型接合正交設置。On the other hand, the feed unit 132 includes a head feed member 1323 and two tail feed members 1321, 1322. One end of the head feedthrough 1323 is coupled to the feed end 162 and the other end thereof is perpendicular to the vertical line in the bow tie slot 1222. The tail feedthrough 1321 includes a front extension 1321A that is perpendicular to the other end of the head feed 1323, and a rear extension 1321B that extends perpendicularly to the front extension 1321A. The position of the rear extension portion 1311B overlaps with the bowtie type slot 1222. The tail feedthrough 1312 includes a front extension 1322A that is perpendicular to the other end of the head feedthrough 1323, and a rear extension 1322B that extends perpendicularly from one end of the front extension 1312A. In addition, the front extensions 1321A, 1322A are parallel to the vertical line in the bowtie slot 1222 and form a T-junction with the head feedthrough 1323. In other words, the feeding unit 131 is also composed of a one-two T-type joint feeding network, and the current is fed from the feeding end 162, transmitted through the feeding unit 132, and the energy is sent by the coupling feeding method. At both ends of the bow tie slot 1222. It should be noted that, referring to FIG. 1C, the junction of the feeding units 131, 132 is partially broken through the feed member 1312 of the feeding portion 131, and the broken portion is continued with the microstrip metal piece 1312D to form a complete transmission path. Thereby, the two T-junction microstrip line contacts of the feeding units 131, 132 are avoided (ie, the feeding units 131, 132 are not in contact) to affect the antenna performance. The two T-junctions formed by the feed units 131, 132 are arranged orthogonally.
此外,饋入單元131,132的形狀及大小也係影響天線效能的因素(例如,圖1A所示兩距離D1, D2分別係兩後延伸部1321B,1322B之間距、及後延伸部1321B的距離,以饋入單元132為例,且因形狀對稱使饋入單元131可參照),較佳實施例可參考表(1)的範圍,然其數值仍可能會因薄型天線結構1部分部件之改變而調整: 表(1) 距離D1 距離D2 18-34mm 18-34mm In addition, the shape and size of the feeding units 131, 132 are also factors affecting the performance of the antenna (for example, the two distances D1, D2 shown in FIG. 1A are the distance between the two rear extensions 1321B, 1322B, and the rear extension 1321B, respectively. The feeding unit 132 is taken as an example, and the feeding unit 131 can be referred to because of the shape symmetry. The preferred embodiment can refer to the range of the table (1), but the value may still be adjusted due to the change of part of the thin antenna structure 1. : Table 1) Distance D1 Distance D2 18-34mm 18-34mm
而為了整合多頻段,第一實施例的薄型天線結構1還能加以變化。請參照圖2A係依據本發明第二實施例的薄型天線結構2的示意圖。薄型天線結構2包括介電基板21、槽孔天線單元221,222、高頻與低頻濾波電路241,242、饋入端261,262、及饋入單元231,232,233,234。In order to integrate the multi-band, the thin antenna structure 1 of the first embodiment can be changed. 2A is a schematic view of a thin antenna structure 2 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. The thin antenna structure 2 includes a dielectric substrate 21, slot antenna units 221, 222, high frequency and low frequency filter circuits 241, 242, feed terminals 261, 262, and feed units 231, 232, 233, 234.
介電基板21包括本體、金屬面22、及饋入面23,其詳細說明可參照圖1A及1B關於介電基板11之說明,於此不再贅述。The dielectric substrate 21 includes a body, a metal surface 22, and a feed surface 23. For a detailed description, reference may be made to the description of the dielectric substrate 11 with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, and details are not described herein again.
槽孔天線單元221,222位於金屬面22上,並分別包括領結型槽孔2211,2211,2221,2222。槽孔天線單元221,222的形狀結構大致相同,且其詳細說明可參照圖1A及1B關於槽孔天線單元122之說明,於此不再贅述。值得說明的是,槽孔天線單元221,222可分別實現於高頻段、及低頻段,以符合長期演進(LTE) 900MHz/1800MHz/2600MHz之操作頻帶,實現多頻段天線結構。The slot antenna elements 221, 222 are located on the metal face 22 and include bowtie slots 2211, 2211, 2221, 2222, respectively. The slot antenna elements 221, 222 have substantially the same shape and structure, and the detailed description thereof can be referred to the slot antenna unit 122 in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and details are not described herein again. It should be noted that the slot antenna units 221, 222 can be implemented in the high frequency band and the low frequency band respectively, in order to comply with the operating band of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) 900 MHz/1800 MHz/2600 MHz, and realize the multi-band antenna structure.
饋入端261,262分別連接射頻(RF)同軸線,其位置大致相對位於金屬面22兩側。The feed ends 261, 262 are respectively connected to radio frequency (RF) coaxial lines, which are located substantially opposite to each other on the metal surface 22.
饋入單元231,232,233,234位於饋入面23,並透過微帶線實作,而其詳細說明可參照圖1A及1B關於饋入單元131,132之說明,於此不再贅述。而電流經饋入單元231,232,233,234傳遞皆會一分二方式(T型接合)而分別以耦合饋入方式將能量之發於領結型槽孔2221,2222,2211,2212兩端。請接著參照圖2B所示B-B之局部放大,相似地,饋入單元231,232之交界處,透過饋入單元231局部斷開並以微帶金屬片231A透過導通孔252連接,使饋入單元231,232不接觸;請參照圖2C所示C-C之局部放大,相似地,饋入單元233,234之交界處,透過饋入單元234局部斷開並以微帶金屬片234A透過導通孔251連接,使饋入單元233,234不接觸,因此不會影響高、低頻段的天線效能。The feed units 231, 232, 233, 234 are located on the feed surface 23 and are implemented by the microstrip line. For detailed description, reference may be made to the description of the feed units 131, 132 with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, and details are not described herein. The current is transmitted through the feeding units 231, 232, 233, 234 in a one-two manner (T-junction), and the energy is respectively sent to the ends of the bow-tie slots 2221, 2222, 2211, 2212 by the coupling feeding method. Referring to the partial enlargement of BB shown in FIG. 2B, similarly, the junction of the feeding units 231, 232 is partially disconnected through the feeding unit 231 and connected through the via hole 252 through the microstrip metal piece 231A, so that the feeding units 231, 232 are not Contact; please refer to the partial amplification of CC shown in FIG. 2C. Similarly, at the junction of the feeding units 233, 234, the feeding unit 234 is partially disconnected and connected by the microstrip metal piece 234A through the through hole 251, so that the feeding unit 233, 234 No contact, so it will not affect the antenna performance of high and low frequency bands.
與第一實施例另一不同之處還有,薄型天線結構2設有高通與低通濾波電路241,242分別位於饋入單元231及233之間、及饋入單元232及234之間。請參照圖3係高通與低通濾波電路241,242的示意圖及等效電路。高通與低通濾波電路241為5顆被動元件所組成之射頻電路,其包括:低通電容2411、與低通電容2411串聯的低通電感2412、高通並聯電容2413、與高通並聯電容2413並聯的高通電感2414、及與高通電感2414串聯的高通電容2415;低通電容2411與低通電感2412用以連接低頻段的微帶線饋入部231,而高通並聯電容2413、高通電感2414、及高通電容1415用以連接高頻段的微帶饋入單元232。高通與低通濾波電路242亦為5顆被動元件所組成之射頻電路,其包括:低通電容2421、與低通電容2421串聯的低通電感2422、高通並聯電容2423、與高通並聯電容2423並聯的高通電感2424、及與高通電感2414串聯的高通電容2425;低通電容2421與低通電感2422用以連接低頻段的微帶線饋入單元232,而高通並聯電容2423、高通電感2424、及高通電容2425用以連接高頻段的微帶饋入部234。二高通與低通濾波電路241,242的等效電路如圖左方所示電路圖,而相關被動元件值包括:低通電容C low之值介於1~3pF、低通電感L low之值介於12~15nH、高通並聯電容C par之值介於0.5~2pF、高通電感L high之值介於3~5nH,且高通電容C high之值介於1~3pF,並藉由元件值調整可優化高通與低通濾波電路241,242之頻率響應。 Another difference from the first embodiment is that the thin antenna structure 2 is provided with high-pass and low-pass filter circuits 241, 242 between the feed units 231 and 233 and between the feed units 232 and 234, respectively. Please refer to FIG. 3 for a schematic diagram and an equivalent circuit of the high pass and low pass filter circuits 241, 242. The high-pass and low-pass filter circuit 241 is a radio frequency circuit composed of five passive components, including: a low-pass capacitor 2411, a low-pass inductor 2412 connected in series with the low-pass capacitor 2411, a high-pass shunt capacitor 2413, and a high-pass shunt capacitor 2413 in parallel. The high-pass inductor 2414 and the high-pass capacitor 2415 in series with the high-pass inductor 2414; the low-pass capacitor 2411 and the low-pass inductor 2412 are used to connect the low-band microstrip line feed portion 231, and the high-pass shunt capacitor 2413, the high-pass inductor 2414, and the high-pass capacitor The 1415 is used to connect the microstrip feed unit 232 of the high frequency band. The high-pass and low-pass filter circuit 242 is also a radio frequency circuit composed of five passive components, including: a low-pass capacitor 2421, a low-pass inductor 2422 connected in series with the low-pass capacitor 2421, a high-pass shunt capacitor 2423, and a high-pass shunt capacitor 2423. The high-pass inductor 2424 and the high-pass capacitor 2425 connected in series with the high-pass inductor 2414; the low-pass capacitor 2421 and the low-pass inductor 2422 are used to connect the low-band microstrip line feed unit 232, and the high-pass shunt capacitor 2423, the high-pass inductor 2424, and The high pass capacitor 2425 is used to connect the microstrip feed portion 234 of the high frequency band. The equivalent circuit of the two high-pass and low-pass filter circuits 241, 242 is shown in the circuit diagram shown on the left, and the related passive component values include: the value of the low-pass capacitor C low is between 1 and 3 pF, and the value of the low-pass inductor L low is between 12 ~15nH, high-pass shunt capacitor C par value is between 0.5~2pF, high-pass inductor L high is between 3~5nH, and high-pass capacitor C high is between 1~3pF, and Qualcomm can be optimized by component value adjustment The frequency response is with the low pass filter circuits 241, 242.
由於在低頻段路徑上可觀察到高頻段訊號在此路徑上有較高的阻抗值;反之,在高頻段路徑上也可觀察到低頻段訊號在此路徑上有較高的阻抗值,因此高低頻段在整合上,彼此電流訊號僅會朝向各自的傳輸線路徑分佈,並不會造成互相干擾影響。圖4為高通與低通濾波電路241,242之電性分析結果,可以觀察到低通與高通電路各自所產生的***損失(Insert Loss)約1~1.5dB,而整合後的反射係數(Reflection Coefficient)可小於-10dB以下,皆可符合電路設計需求。Since the high-band signal can be observed on the low-band path, there is a higher impedance value on the path; on the other hand, the low-band signal can be observed to have a higher impedance value on the path in the high-band path, so the level is high. In the integration of the frequency bands, the current signals will only be distributed to the respective transmission line paths without causing mutual interference. 4 is an electrical analysis result of the high-pass and low-pass filter circuits 241, 242. It can be observed that the insertion loss (Insert Loss) generated by the low-pass and high-pass circuits is about 1 to 1.5 dB, and the reflection coefficient (Reflection Coefficient) after integration is observed. Can be less than -10dB, can meet the circuit design needs.
圖5為多頻段天線結構之天線反射係數對頻率關係圖,以約-10dB反射係數來定義操作頻帶皆可涵蓋LTE900MHz/1800MHz/2600MHz,低頻段與高頻段天線隔離度約可小於13dB與20dB以下,此多頻段天線結構屬2Tx-2Rx多天線系統,因此可應用於多輸入多輸出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)通訊系統上。而圖6A、圖6B與圖6C為多頻段天線結構在900MHz、1800MHz與2600MHz觀測頻率下,45度與135度切面之場型與量測角度關係圖,可以觀察到在900MHz、1800MHz與2600MHz操作頻率下,於45度與135度切面之天線增益值介於2~3dBi。Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the multi-band antenna structure and the frequency. The operating band defined by the reflection coefficient of about -10 dB can cover LTE 900 MHz/1800 MHz/2600 MHz, and the isolation of the low-band and high-band antennas can be less than 13 dB and less than 20 dB. The multi-band antenna structure is a 2Tx-2Rx multi-antenna system, so it can be applied to a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication system. 6A, 6B and 6C are the relationship between the field type and the measurement angle of the 45-degree and 135-degree sections of the multi-band antenna structure at 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2600MHz. It can be observed to operate at 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2600MHz. At the frequency, the antenna gain values at the 45 degree and 135 degree sections are between 2 and 3 dBi.
本發明實施例之薄型天線架構1,2可用於連接4G路由器設備,一般4G路由器設備可做為鐵道車輛內Wi-Fi回程網路(Backhaul)傳輸媒介用途。因此,強化4G路由器RF效能即可改善對地面基地台傳輸品質,也進而滿足Wi-Fi設備回程網路傳輸效能最佳化。The thin antenna architecture 1, 2 of the embodiment of the present invention can be used to connect 4G router devices, and the general 4G router device can be used as a transmission medium for a Wi-Fi backhaul network (Backhaul) in a railway vehicle. Therefore, enhancing the RF performance of the 4G router can improve the transmission quality of the ground base station, and further optimize the transmission performance of the Wi-Fi equipment backhaul network.
如圖7所示,本發明實施例可進一步整合天線外罩並安裝於鐵道車輛T之車頂空間,薄型天線結構2作為4G路由器R的天線模組,並由Wi-Fi分享器W提供網路服務,而行動通訊訊號傳遞至地面基地台以作為Wi-Fi回程網路。對於非隧道路段而言,天線安裝於車頂空間不易有遮蔽問題,車對地傳輸路徑皆以直視傳播為主,以確保車內4G路由器設備在每一個服務細胞下傳輸品質。藉此,使用者可將聯網設備連線至Wi-Fi分享器W,並經由4G路由器R連線至網際網路。As shown in FIG. 7, the embodiment of the present invention can further integrate the antenna cover and install it in the roof space of the railway vehicle T. The thin antenna structure 2 serves as an antenna module of the 4G router R, and is provided by the Wi-Fi sharer W. The service, and the mobile communication signal is transmitted to the ground base station as a Wi-Fi backhaul network. For non-tunnel sections, the antenna is not easy to be shielded when installed in the roof space. The vehicle-to-ground transmission path is mainly based on direct-view propagation to ensure the quality of the 4G router equipment in the vehicle under each service cell. In this way, the user can connect the networked device to the Wi-Fi sharer W and connect to the Internet via the 4G router R.
另外,請參照圖8,因本發明實施例之薄型天線架構1,2具薄型外觀,可安裝於鐵道車輛T2東西側資訊看板處或窗邊,並透過一分二功分器(對應到薄型天線架構1,2之T型接合結構)將東西兩側之2Tx-2Rx MIMO天線單元(對應到薄型天線架構2之二槽孔天線單元221,222)以不同極化排列組合。此種做法對於隧道段通訊而言,可將電波訊號延伸至東西側,與隧道段東西側所放置之洩波電纜達到較佳傳輸效能,滿足鐵道車輛T2從非隧道段進入隧道區傳輸品質一致性。In addition, referring to FIG. 8 , the thin antenna structure 1 and 2 of the embodiment of the present invention have a thin appearance and can be installed at the information board or the window side of the east and west sides of the railway vehicle T2, and pass through a splitter and splitter (corresponding to the thin type) The T-junction structure of the antenna architecture 1, 2) combines 2Tx-2Rx MIMO antenna elements on both sides of the east and west (corresponding to the two slot antenna elements 221, 222 of the thin antenna architecture 2) in different polarization arrangements. In this way, for tunnel segment communication, the wave signal can be extended to the east and west sides, and the bleeder cable placed on the east and west sides of the tunnel segment can achieve better transmission efficiency, and the transmission quality of the railway vehicle T2 entering the tunnel area from the non-tunnel segment is consistent. Sex.
一般而言,若將天線放置於車頂位置,當進入隧道區內,由於隧道區內洩波電纜緊鄰車體,對於車頂天線與洩波電纜無線傳輸會存在較大車體繞射損失。因此,若可同時因應兩種場域進行不同天線佈建方式(車頂(圖7)和窗邊(圖8)),達到不同通訊環境下天線切換選擇,對提升車廂內Wi-Fi設備回程網路傳輸品質有相當大助益,在大幅改善車對地傳輸瓶頸情況之下,必定可以有效提升車廂內乘客Wi-Fi連網品質與優質使用者體驗。Generally speaking, if the antenna is placed at the roof position, when entering the tunnel area, since the bleeder cable in the tunnel area is adjacent to the vehicle body, there is a large vehicle body diffraction loss for the wireless transmission of the roof antenna and the bleeder cable. Therefore, if different antenna deployment modes (the roof (Fig. 7) and the window edge (Fig. 8)) can be performed simultaneously for the two fields, the antenna switching selection in different communication environments can be achieved, and the Wi-Fi device backhaul can be improved in the vehicle compartment. The quality of network transmission is quite helpful. Under the condition of greatly improving the bottleneck of vehicle-to-ground transmission, it is sure to effectively improve the Wi-Fi networking quality and quality user experience of passengers in the cabin.
綜上所述,本發明實施例利用正交極化槽孔天線,以有效縮小天線所需空間,並有助於提升多天線系統隔離度。使用一分二T-Junction微帶線耦合饋入至領結型槽孔兩端,整體架構簡單且具對稱性,更確保極化純度,有助於降低天線相關性。本發明實施例高低頻段正交槽孔天線獨立設計,並整合高通與低通濾波電路單元,以減少高低頻段阻抗特性牽絆影響,可滿足於LTE900MHz/1800MHz/2600MHz之操作頻帶內-10dB返回損耗規格。本發明天線架構可用於連接4G路由器設備,強化4G路由器RF效能即可改善對地面基地台傳輸品質。此外,本發明實施例具薄型外觀,故還能進一步整合於諸如鐵道車輛、公車等運輸工具上(車頂空間或貼窗設計)。In summary, the embodiment of the present invention utilizes an orthogonally polarized slot antenna to effectively reduce the space required by the antenna and to improve the isolation of the multi-antenna system. The one-two T-Junction microstrip line is coupled to both ends of the bowtie type slot, and the overall structure is simple and symmetrical, which ensures polarization purity and helps to reduce antenna correlation. In the embodiment of the invention, the high and low frequency orthogonal slot antennas are independently designed, and the high-pass and low-pass filter circuit units are integrated to reduce the impedance characteristics of the high and low frequency bands, and can satisfy the -10 dB return loss in the operating band of LTE 900 MHz/1800 MHz/2600 MHz. specification. The antenna architecture of the present invention can be used to connect 4G router devices, and the RF performance of the 4G router can be enhanced to improve the transmission quality of the ground base station. In addition, the embodiment of the present invention has a thin appearance and can be further integrated into a transportation vehicle such as a railway vehicle or a bus (a roof space or a window design).
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any one of ordinary skill in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
1、2‧‧‧薄型天線架構1, 2‧‧‧ Thin Antenna Architecture
11、21‧‧‧介電基板11, 21‧‧‧ dielectric substrate
12、22‧‧‧金屬面12, 22‧‧‧Metal surface
13、23‧‧‧饋入面13, 23‧‧‧Feeding
122、221、222‧‧‧槽孔天線單元122, 221, 222‧‧‧ slot antenna unit
1221、1222、2211、2212、2221、2222‧‧‧領結型槽孔1221, 1222, 2211, 2212, 2221, 2222‧‧‧ bow tie slots
1221A~1221C、1221D~1221F、1222A~1221C、1222D~1222F‧‧‧槽孔邊1221A~1221C, 1221D~1221F, 1222A~1221C, 1222D~1222F‧‧‧ slot side
131、132、231、232、233、234‧‧‧饋入單元131, 132, 231, 232, 233, 234‧‧‧ feed units
1311、1312、1321、1322‧‧‧尾饋入件1331, 1312, 1321, 1322‧‧‧ tail feeds
1311A、1312A、1321A、1322A‧‧‧前延伸部1311A, 1312A, 1321A, 1322A‧‧‧ Front extension
1311B、1312B、1312C、1321B、1322B‧‧‧後延伸部1311B, 1312B, 1312C, 1321B, 1322B‧‧‧ rear extension
1312D、231A、234A‧‧‧微帶金屬片1312D, 231A, 234A‧‧‧ microstrip metal sheet
1313、1323‧‧‧頭饋入件1313, 1323‧‧‧ head feeds
152、251、252‧‧‧導通孔152, 251, 252‧‧‧ vias
161、162、261、262‧‧‧饋入端161, 162, 261, 262‧‧ ‧ feed end
241、242‧‧‧高通與低通濾波電路241, 242‧‧‧ high-pass and low-pass filter circuits
2411、2421、Clow‧‧‧低通電容2411, 2421, C low ‧‧‧ low-pass capacitor
2412、2422、Llow‧‧‧低通電感2412, 2422, L low ‧‧‧ low pass inductor
2413、2423、Cpar‧‧‧高通並聯電容2413, 2423, C par ‧‧‧ high-pass shunt capacitor
2414、2424、Lhigh‧‧‧高通電感2414, 2424, L high ‧‧‧ high pass inductor
2415、2425、Chigh‧‧‧高通電容2415, 2425, C high ‧‧‧ high pass capacitor
D1、D2‧‧‧距離D1, D2‧‧‧ distance
R‧‧‧4G路由器R‧‧‧4G router
W‧‧‧Wi-Fi分享器W‧‧ Wi-Fi sharing device
T、T2‧‧‧鐵道車輛T, T2‧‧‧ railway vehicles
圖1A-1B是依據本發明第一實施例之薄型天線結構的示意圖。 圖1C是圖1A-1B中A-A之局部放大圖。 圖2A是依據本發明第二實施例之薄型天線結構的示意圖。 圖2B是圖2A中B-B之局部放大圖。 圖2C是圖2A中C-C之局部放大圖。 圖3是依據本發明第二實施例之高通與低通濾波電路的示意圖及等效電路。 圖4是本發明第二實施例之高通與低通濾波電路之反射損失圖。 圖5是本發明第二實施例之頻率響應圖。 圖6A-6C是本發明第二實施例之平面輻射場型圖。 圖7是一範例說明天線設置於鐵道車輛車頂側。 圖8是另一範例說明天線設置於鐵道車輛內部。1A-1B are schematic views of a thin antenna structure in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1C is a partial enlarged view of A-A of Figures 1A-1B. 2A is a schematic view showing the structure of a thin antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2B is a partial enlarged view of B-B of Fig. 2A. Figure 2C is a partial enlarged view of C-C of Figure 2A. 3 is a schematic diagram and an equivalent circuit of a high pass and low pass filter circuit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a graph showing the reflection loss of the high pass and low pass filter circuits of the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a frequency response diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention. 6A-6C are plan views of a planar radiation pattern of a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an antenna disposed on a roof side of a railway vehicle. Figure 8 is another illustration of an antenna disposed inside a railway vehicle.
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