TWI658193B - Construction method of semi-underground shelter - Google Patents
Construction method of semi-underground shelter Download PDFInfo
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- TWI658193B TWI658193B TW106130358A TW106130358A TWI658193B TW I658193 B TWI658193 B TW I658193B TW 106130358 A TW106130358 A TW 106130358A TW 106130358 A TW106130358 A TW 106130358A TW I658193 B TWI658193 B TW I658193B
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- formwork
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
一種半地下式避難所包含:安裝於基礎之本體、設於本體外周部之混凝土層,本體包含:具有天井板及圓筒形側板之鐵製箱體、設於箱體地上部之門、相對於箱體內徑、直徑設定於固定範圍內;於側板外表面朝圓周方向設置之數支圓環形狀之中空管;本半地下式避難所建造工法,係在工廠製作本體,以形成洞,於洞底部建構基礎,將本體安裝於基礎,於側板周圍建造模板,灌注、養護混凝土,撤除模板,用土或混凝土填滿間隙。 A semi-underground refuge contains: a main body installed on a foundation and a concrete layer provided on the outer periphery of the main body. The main body includes: an iron box with a patio plate and a cylindrical side plate; a door provided above the box body; The inner diameter and diameter of the box are set within a fixed range; several circular hollow pipes are arranged on the outer surface of the side plate in the circumferential direction; the construction method of this semi-underground refuge is to make the body in the factory to form a hole. Build the foundation at the bottom of the cave, install the body on the foundation, build a formwork around the side slabs, pour and maintain the concrete, remove the formwork, and fill the gap with soil or concrete.
Description
本發明為一種在預估會發生海嘯等災害地區之半地下式避難所。 The present invention is a semi-underground shelter in an area where disasters such as a tsunami are expected to occur.
平成23年(2011年)所發生的東日本大地震,及隨之而來的大海嘯中喪生及失蹤人數,總計高達2萬人以上,且預估今後將發生南海海溝大地震等。舉例來說,依據內閣府發布消息,愛知縣內預測將有約6400人因海嘯而死亡,約1800人因火災而死亡,鄰近的靜岡縣則預測會有超過95000人死亡。近年對於預防地震‧海嘯之觀念日益增強。 The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 (2011), and the number of people killed and missing in the tsunami that followed, totaled more than 20,000 people, and it is estimated that the Great South China Sea Tsunami earthquake will occur in the future. For example, according to a message from the Cabinet Office, about 6,400 people are predicted to have died from the tsunami, about 1,800 people have died from the fire, and neighboring Shizuoka Prefecture has predicted that more than 95,000 people will die. In recent years, the concept of preventing earthquakes and tsunami has been increasing.
為了預先準備今後預估將發生的南海海溝大地震,以自救對策而言,在個人住家對避難所的需求也正在增加。在地震及海嘯發生時用來避難的避難所,目前已有各種發明被提出,包括固定於基礎的方式或浮遊式等。 In order to prepare in advance for the Great South China Sea Tsunami that is expected to occur in the future, as a self-rescue measure, the demand for shelters in individual homes is also increasing. Various shelters have been proposed for shelters in the event of earthquakes and tsunamis, including fixed-to-foundation or floating-type.
固定於基礎的避難所,一般所知為以鐵板和混凝土所構成的複合構造用於避難所本體。 A refuge fixed to a foundation is generally known as a refuge body composed of a composite structure composed of iron plates and concrete.
在專利文獻1所揭示的發明,提供了具有優異耐震性及防水性的地下避難所,於打入地下的數支樁所支撐的耐壓盤上,設有由高強 度混凝土所形成、一體成形的箱形避難所,並以鐵板覆蓋在這個避難所本體的外表面。 The invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 provides an underground shelter with excellent shock resistance and waterproofness. A pressure-resistant disc supported by several piles driving into the ground is provided with a high-strength An integrally formed box-shaped refuge formed by concrete and covered with an iron plate on the outer surface of the refuge body.
前述的專利文獻1係為特開2005-240452號公報。 The aforementioned Patent Document 1 is Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-240452.
發明所欲解決的課題:專利文獻1所揭示之地下避難所,其混凝土外表面所覆蓋的鐵板,為經常與包含大量水份和氧氣的土壤接觸的狀態,處於容易促進腐蝕的環境。為了防止鐵板腐蝕,必須於鐵板外表面施以防水塗裝等,此為成本提高的主要因素。另外,在將混凝土灌注至構成天井的鐵板與模板之間的間隙時,為了支撐直接承受混凝土重量的模板,必須自地面立起模板支架,因此施工期間變長,工程也變得更加複雜,同時施工成本也提高。上述施工期間長、成本高的避難所,難以推廣至一般家庭。 The problem to be solved by the invention: The underground refuge disclosed in Patent Document 1 has an iron plate covered with a concrete outer surface, which is in a state of being in constant contact with soil containing a large amount of water and oxygen, and is in an environment where corrosion is easily promoted. In order to prevent corrosion of the iron plate, it is necessary to apply waterproof coating on the outer surface of the iron plate, which is a major factor in increasing costs. In addition, when the concrete is poured into the gap between the iron plate and the formwork forming the patio, in order to support the formwork that directly bears the weight of the concrete, the formwork support must be erected from the ground, so the construction period becomes longer and the project becomes more complicated. At the same time, construction costs have also increased. The above-mentioned refuges with long construction period and high cost are difficult to be extended to ordinary families.
本發明的課題,為提供一種施工簡單、成本降低的高強度避難所。 The object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength refuge with simple construction and reduced cost.
為解決上述課題,本發明為半地下式之避難所,其特徵為包含安裝於基礎上的本體,以及設於本體外周部之混凝土層,本體包含:具有天井板及圓筒形側板之鐵製箱體,設於箱體地上部之門,以及相對於箱體內徑、直徑設於指定範圍、於側板外表面朝圓周方向設置之數支圓環形狀中空管。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a semi-underground refuge, which is characterized by including a body mounted on a foundation and a concrete layer provided on the outer periphery of the body. The body includes: iron made of a patio plate and a cylindrical side plate. The box body is a door provided on the upper part of the box body, and a plurality of ring-shaped hollow tubes provided on the outer surface of the side plate in a circumferential direction with respect to the inner diameter and diameter of the box body in a specified range.
採用上述構造,側板上於外表面朝圓周方向設有數支圓環形狀之中空管,因此側板和數支圓環形狀之中空管一起運作,使箱體的強度及鋼性增強。藉此,對於未於側板設置中空管,可使側板的厚度變薄。也就是說,透過使用成本低的中空管,可削減高成本鐵板的重量,因此可 降低成本。 With the above structure, a number of annular hollow pipes are provided on the outer surface of the side plate in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the side plates and several annular hollow pipes operate together to enhance the strength and rigidity of the box. Thereby, if a hollow tube is not provided in a side plate, the thickness of a side plate can be made thin. In other words, by using a low-cost hollow tube, the weight of a high-cost iron plate can be reduced. lower the cost.
地下之土粒子表面及空隙部包含水份及氧氣,形成極容易促進鐵板腐蝕的環境。另外,當將避難所設於接近海岸之處時,受到海水飛沫的影響,也促進地上部鐵板的腐蝕。但是,若採用上述構造,鋼製本體的外周部設有混凝土層,因此鐵板表面因混凝土的鹼性而形成鈍態膜,即使處於存在水份及氧氣等的環境下,亦可以防止鐵板腐蝕。因此,不需要在鐵板外周面施以防水塗裝等處置,可以降低成本。 The surface and voids of the soil particles in the ground contain water and oxygen, forming an environment that is very easy to promote the corrosion of iron plates. In addition, when the shelter is located near the coast, it is affected by the spray of seawater and promotes the corrosion of the iron plates above the ground. However, if the above-mentioned structure is adopted, a concrete layer is provided on the outer periphery of the steel body, so the surface of the iron plate forms a passive film due to the alkalinity of the concrete, and the iron plate can be prevented even in the presence of moisture and oxygen corrosion. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform treatment such as waterproof coating on the outer peripheral surface of the iron plate, which can reduce costs.
另外,採用上述構造的混凝土層,為設於本體外周部,因此於灌注混凝土時所需的模板,僅設於側板外周部即可。藉此,現場施工變得容易,亦可縮短工期。 In addition, since the concrete layer having the above-mentioned structure is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the main body, the formwork required for pouring concrete may be provided only on the outer peripheral portion of the side plate. This makes on-site construction easy and shortens the construction period.
本發明之半地下式避難所中,中空管之地上部間隔,設定為比地下部之間隔狹窄。 In the semi-underground refuge of the present invention, the space above the hollow pipe is set to be narrower than the space below the ground.
採用上述構造,地震力、海嘯所造成的海浪壓力、海嘯漂流物衝撞之衝擊力,地上部比地下部大,在地上部縮小中空管之間隔,因此可確保對外力具有適當的強度及構造。 With the above-mentioned structure, the ground force is larger than the ground part, and the impact force of the tsunami drift pressure caused by the tsunami force, and the impact of the tsunami drifting object is reduced, and the space between the hollow pipes is reduced above the ground part. .
本發明之半地下式避難所中,中空管中之最上部和最下部之中空管,設有朝徑中心方向水平延伸之數個支撐材,設於最上部的支撐材固定於天井板。 In the semi-underground refuge of the present invention, the uppermost and lowermost hollow pipes of the hollow pipes are provided with a plurality of supporting materials extending horizontally toward the center of the diameter, and the upper supporting materials are fixed to the patio board .
用上述構造,中空管中之最上部和最下部之中空管,設有朝徑中心方向水平延伸之數個支撐材,設於最上部之支撐材固定於天井板,因此,天井板和支撐材合力動作,強度及剛性增加另外,增加本體最下部的剖面形狀維持效果。藉此,不需特別補強,即可於天井板上面直接 灌注混凝土,同時更容易將本體設於基礎。 With the above-mentioned structure, the uppermost and lowermost hollow pipes in the hollow pipe are provided with a plurality of supporting materials extending horizontally toward the center of the diameter, and the supporting materials provided at the uppermost portion are fixed to the patio board. Therefore, the patio board and the The supporting material acts together to increase strength and rigidity. In addition, the effect of maintaining the cross-sectional shape of the lowermost part of the body is increased. This way, no special reinforcement is needed, you can directly on the patio board Concrete is poured, and it is easier to set the body on the foundation.
本發明之半地下式避難所中,中空管為以填充材填充內部空間。 In the semi-underground refuge of the present invention, the hollow pipe is used to fill the internal space with a filling material.
當中空管之內部空間充滿空氣時,填充於內部空間之空氣可能會因火燄熱度等,朝混凝土層噴出。此時,混凝土層會因該噴出之空氣而破損。另外,填充於內部空間之空氣,因外氣溫度變化而重複壓縮、膨脹時,中空管也會同時重複壓縮、膨脹。混凝土層會因此重複壓縮、膨脹而劣化。但是,若採用上述構造,存在於內部空間中的空氣,會因填充材之填充而排出,因此不會因火燄熱度等而噴出空氣。另外,亦可抑制混凝土之劣化。再者,藉由中空管和填充材之合力動作,中空管之強度及剛性都將增加。 When the inner space of the hollow tube is filled with air, the air filled in the inner space may be ejected toward the concrete layer due to flame heat and the like. At this time, the concrete layer will be damaged by the blasted air. In addition, when the air filled in the internal space is repeatedly compressed and expanded due to changes in the outside air temperature, the hollow tube is also repeatedly compressed and expanded at the same time. The concrete layer will deteriorate due to repeated compression and expansion. However, if the above-mentioned structure is adopted, the air existing in the internal space is discharged due to the filling of the filler, and therefore, the air is not ejected due to flame heat or the like. In addition, deterioration of concrete can be suppressed. In addition, the strength and rigidity of the hollow tube will increase by the combined action of the hollow tube and the filler.
本發明所述之半地下式避難所中,中空管之剖面呈圓形。 In the semi-underground refuge according to the present invention, the cross section of the hollow tube is circular.
採用上述構造,因中空管之剖面為圓形,精確度提高,且亦使中空管之彎曲加工變得更容易。 With the above structure, since the cross section of the hollow pipe is circular, the accuracy is improved, and the bending process of the hollow pipe is made easier.
本發明於半地下式避難所之建造工法中,具備以下步驟:組合本體的步驟、將填充材填充至中空管內部空間之步驟、形成洞之步驟、於洞底部建造基礎之步驟、將本體安裝於基礎之步驟,於本體側板周圍建造模板之步驟,將混凝土灌注至模板與本體間隙所形成空間之養護步驟,以及撤除模板,以土或混凝土填滿混凝土層和洞之間所形成空間之步驟。 The invention includes the following steps in the construction method of a semi-underground refuge: the step of assembling the body, the step of filling the filling material into the interior space of the hollow tube, the step of forming a hole, the step of building a foundation at the bottom of the hole, The step of installing on the foundation, the step of constructing the formwork around the side plate of the body, the curing step of pouring concrete into the space formed between the formwork and the body, and removing the formwork to fill the space formed between the concrete layer and the hole with soil or concrete step.
採用上述構造,因具備以下步驟:形成洞之步驟、組合本體的步驟、將填充材填充至中空管內部空間之步驟、於洞底部建造基礎之 步驟、將本體安裝於基礎之步驟,於本體側板周圍建造模板之步驟,將混凝土灌注至模板與本體間隙所形成空間之養護步驟,以及撤除模板,以土或混凝土填滿混凝土層和洞之間所形成空間之步驟,現場施工變得容易,亦可縮短工期。 The above structure is adopted because it has the following steps: a step of forming a hole, a step of assembling the body, a step of filling a filling material into the inner space of the hollow tube, and a foundation of the foundation at the bottom of the hole Steps: the step of installing the body on the foundation, the step of constructing a formwork around the side plate of the body, the step of injecting concrete into the space formed by the gap between the formwork and the body, and removing the formwork to fill the space between the concrete layer and the hole with soil or concrete The steps of the formed space make construction on site easy and shorten the construction period.
1‧‧‧半地下式避難所 1‧‧‧ Semi-underground refuge
100‧‧‧本體 100‧‧‧ Ontology
2‧‧‧箱體 2‧‧‧ box
3、3L、3U‧‧‧中空管 3, 3L, 3U‧‧‧ hollow tube
3a‧‧‧內部空間 3a‧‧‧Internal space
3b‧‧‧灰泥(填充材) 3b‧ Plaster (filling material)
4‧‧‧混凝土層 4‧‧‧ concrete layer
5‧‧‧門 5‧‧‧ gate
6L、6U‧‧‧支撐材 6L, 6U‧‧‧ support material
8‧‧‧開口 8‧‧‧ opening
10‧‧‧基礎 10‧‧‧ basic
21‧‧‧側板 21‧‧‧Side
22‧‧‧天井板 22‧‧‧ Patio Board
23‧‧‧底板 23‧‧‧ floor
A‧‧‧箱體的內徑 Inside diameter of A‧‧‧box
C‧‧‧中空管的內徑 C‧‧‧Inner diameter of hollow tube
F‧‧‧地上部 F‧‧‧ Above ground
S‧‧‧地下部 S‧‧‧ underground
T‧‧‧模板 T‧‧‧Template
H‧‧‧洞 H‧‧‧hole
第1圖為本發明實施型態之半地下式避難所之剖面圖。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a semi-underground shelter in an embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖為表示本發明實施型態之半地下式避難所門之固定構造之平面說明圖。 Fig. 2 is a plan explanatory view showing a fixed structure of a semi-underground refuge door according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖為本發明實施型態之半地下式避難所最上部之中空管,和最下部之中空管之側面圖及剖面圖。 FIG. 3 is a side view and a cross-sectional view of the uppermost hollow tube and the lowermost hollow tube of the semi-underground refuge according to the embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖為本發明實施型態之設有模板狀態之本體正面圖。 FIG. 4 is a front view of a body provided with a template state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
說明本發明實施型態之半地下式避難所1。本半地下式避難所1,包含:基礎10、安裝於基礎10之本體100、設於本體100外周部之混凝土層4。以下詳細說明。 A semi-underground shelter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. This semi-underground refuge 1 includes a foundation 10, a body 100 installed on the foundation 10, and a concrete layer 4 provided on the outer periphery of the body 100. This is explained in detail below.
如第1圖所示,基礎10設於地下,安裝於基礎10之本體100,由地上部F和地下部S所構成。將地面挖掘至指定深度,形成洞H,於該洞H之底面灌注混凝土,即可將基礎10設於地下。基礎10以呈平坦且水平為理想,可使本體100之安裝作業變得更容易。 As shown in FIG. 1, the foundation 10 is installed underground, and the main body 100 installed on the foundation 10 is composed of the upper part F and the lower part S. Dig the ground to a specified depth to form a hole H, and pour concrete into the bottom of the hole H to set the foundation 10 underground. The foundation 10 is preferably flat and horizontal, which can make the installation work of the main body 100 easier.
本體100,為對地震力、海嘯所引起之海浪壓力、海嘯漂流物之衝撞所造成之衝擊力等,兼具耐受強度,包含:鐵製之箱體2、 設於地上部F之門5,以及於側板21外表面朝圓周方向設置之數個圓環形狀之中空管。 The main body 100 is resistant to earthquake forces, sea wave pressure caused by tsunami, and impact force caused by the collision of tsunami drifting objects, etc., and includes: an iron box 2, The door 5 is provided on the ground part F, and a plurality of annular hollow pipes are provided on the outer surface of the side plate 21 in the circumferential direction.
箱體2由底板23、天井板22,以及圓筒形之側板21所構成。箱體2之內徑A以1.4m~3m為理想。另外,地上部F之高度例示為140cm、地下部S之高度例示為140cm。在此製作成小規模之半地下式避難所,使得僅使用小型建設機械、於短期間內設置於狹小地區內一事變得可能。其結果,可促進對一般家庭之普及。 The box body 2 is composed of a bottom plate 23, a patio plate 22, and a cylindrical side plate 21. The inner diameter A of the box 2 is preferably 1.4m ~ 3m. In addition, the height of the ground part F is exemplified as 140 cm, and the height of the ground part S is exemplified as 140 cm. The construction of a small-scale semi-underground shelter made it possible to use a small construction machine and install it in a small area within a short period of time. As a result, it can promote the spread to ordinary households.
箱體2之板厚度,以2.0mm~6.0mm為理想,例示為2.7mm、3mm、4mm。如以下所述,透過適切地配設中空管3及支撐材6U、6L,可獲得相當於板厚9mm之強度。 The plate thickness of the box 2 is preferably 2.0 mm to 6.0 mm, and is exemplified as 2.7 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm. As described below, by appropriately disposing the hollow tube 3 and the supporting materials 6U and 6L, a strength equivalent to a plate thickness of 9 mm can be obtained.
數支中空管3,為朝側板21之外表面圓周方向,嵌合於圓環形狀之狀態而設置。另外,側板21和中空管3,為以距離適當間隔焊接以固定。藉此,側板21和中空管3為合力動作,可提高強度及剛性。中空管3之直徑B,為可以高精確度加工彎曲成圓環形狀,且尺寸為可嵌合於箱體2之外表面,也就是說,箱體2之內徑A以1000分之16到1000分之35之範圍為理想。如圖2所示,箱體2之內徑A,較將中空管3彎曲加工之圓環內徑C小,差距為箱體2之厚度。 A plurality of hollow tubes 3 are provided in a state of being fitted into a ring shape toward the circumferential direction of the outer surface of the side plate 21. The side plate 21 and the hollow pipe 3 are fixed by welding at an appropriate distance. Thereby, the side plate 21 and the hollow tube 3 operate in a combined force, and the strength and rigidity can be improved. The diameter B of the hollow pipe 3 can be bent into a ring shape with high accuracy, and the size can be fitted on the outer surface of the box 2, that is, the inner diameter A of the box 2 is 16/1000 The range to 35/1000 is ideal. As shown in FIG. 2, the inner diameter A of the box 2 is smaller than the inner diameter C of the ring formed by bending the hollow tube 3, and the gap is the thickness of the box 2.
中空管3為一般構造用碳鋼鋼管,例如以JIS G3444 STK500、直徑48.6mm、厚度2.40mm、前鍍規格熱浸鍍鋅規格(JIS H-8641,JIS H-9124)為理想。另外,剖面不限於圓形,亦可為角形。 The hollow pipe 3 is a carbon steel pipe for general structure. For example, it is preferably JIS G3444 STK500, a diameter of 48.6 mm, a thickness of 2.40 mm, and a hot-dip galvanizing specification (JIS H-8641, JIS H-9124). In addition, the cross section is not limited to a circular shape, and may be an angular shape.
地上部F的中空管3之間隔,設定為較地下部S的中空管 3之間隔狹窄。作用於半地下式避難所1之負重,為地震力、海嘯之海浪壓力、海嘯漂流物衝撞之衝擊力。地震力為在地下較小、越接近地表則越大。僅有地上部F直接承受海嘯所造成的海浪壓力,海浪壓力不會作用於地下部。海嘯漂流物衝撞所造成的衝擊力,也是一樣。也就是說,地上部F比起地下部S有較大的負重。負重比地下部S大的地上部F,其中空管3之間隔,設為比地下部S中空管3之間隔狹窄,以使側板21之厚度維持較薄。如上述適當地設定中空管3之間隔,可更加降低成本。 The interval between the hollow pipes 3 above the ground F is set to the hollow pipes below the ground S The interval between 3 is narrow. The load acting on the semi-underground refuge 1 is the seismic force, the wave pressure of the tsunami, and the impact force of the tsunami drift. Seismic force is smaller in the ground and closer to the surface. Only above ground level F directly bears the wave pressure caused by the tsunami, and the wave pressure will not act on the ground level. The impact force caused by the tsunami drift is also the same. That is to say, the ground level F has a larger load than the ground level S. The above-ground part F having a larger load than the below-ground part S, in which the interval between the empty tubes 3 is set to be narrower than the interval between the underground tubes S, so that the thickness of the side plate 21 is kept thin. By appropriately setting the interval between the hollow pipes 3 as described above, the cost can be further reduced.
中空管3之內部空間3a,填充灰泥3b(填充材),形成內部空間3a之空氣排出之狀態。當中空管3之內部空間3a充滿空氣時,填充的空氣可能會因火燄熱度等而朝混凝土層4噴出。此時,混凝土層4會因此噴出之空氣而破損。另外,當填充於內部空間3a之空氣,因外氣溫度變化而重複壓縮、膨脹,中空管3也會同時重複壓縮、膨脹。混凝土層4會因此重複壓縮、膨脹而劣化。因此,混凝土層4因中空管3之內部空間3a填充灰泥3b,而可防止因噴出之空氣造成損傷,同時亦可抑止劣化。另外,中空管3和灰泥3b合力動作,使中空管3之強度及剛性增加。另外,在本發明實施型態中雖使用灰泥作為填充材,但亦可使用混凝土漿。 The inner space 3a of the hollow tube 3 is filled with stucco 3b (filling material) to form a state in which the air in the inner space 3a is exhausted. When the internal space 3a of the hollow pipe 3 is filled with air, the filled air may be ejected toward the concrete layer 4 due to flame heat or the like. At this time, the concrete layer 4 may be damaged due to the emitted air. In addition, when the air filled in the internal space 3a is repeatedly compressed and expanded due to changes in the outside air temperature, the hollow tube 3 is also repeatedly compressed and expanded simultaneously. As a result, the concrete layer 4 is deteriorated by repeated compression and expansion. Therefore, the concrete layer 4 is filled with the plaster 3b because the inner space 3a of the hollow tube 3 is filled, so that damage caused by the ejected air can be prevented, and degradation can be suppressed at the same time. In addition, the combined action of the hollow tube 3 and the plaster 3b increases the strength and rigidity of the hollow tube 3. In addition, although mortar is used as the filler in the embodiment of the present invention, concrete slurry may be used.
支撐材6U用來補強天井板22,如第3圖所示,6支支撐材6U,於最上部之中空管3U之周方向均等配設並固定,同時朝徑中心方向水平延伸,於中空管3U中心部相互固定。另外,與天井板22以適當間隔焊接並固定。也就是說,天井板22透過與支撐材6U合力動作,獲得指定的強度及剛性。藉此,可抑制灌注混凝土時之天井板22之 變形,不需加以特別補強,即可於天井板22之上面直接灌注混凝土。 The support material 6U is used to reinforce the patio board 22. As shown in FIG. 3, the six support materials 6U are evenly arranged and fixed in the circumferential direction of the uppermost hollow tube 3U, and at the same time, extend horizontally toward the center of the diameter, and in the middle The central portions of the empty tubes 3U are fixed to each other. In addition, it is welded and fixed to the patio board 22 at appropriate intervals. That is, the patio board 22 operates in conjunction with the supporting material 6U to obtain a predetermined strength and rigidity. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the Deformation can be directly poured into the patio slab 22 without special reinforcement.
支撐材6L,用來抑制本體100之變形,使得將本體100安裝於基礎10變得更容易。因其與支撐6U之構造幾乎相同,因此省略說明。 The supporting material 6L is used to suppress the deformation of the main body 100 and make it easier to mount the main body 100 on the foundation 10. Since it is almost the same as the structure supporting the 6U, the description is omitted.
支撐材6U、6L以通用之型鋼為理想。 The supporting materials 6U and 6L are ideal for general-purpose steel.
混凝土層4為用來保護本體100,不因火燄熱度、腐蝕環境及海嘯漂流物衝撞而受損,設於本體100之外周部。混凝土層4之厚度以15cm~30cm為理想。 The concrete layer 4 is used to protect the main body 100 from being damaged by flame heat, a corrosive environment, and a tsunami drift, and is provided on the outer periphery of the main body 100. The thickness of the concrete layer 4 is preferably 15 cm to 30 cm.
當本體100外周部未設有混凝土層4之狀態下,因火燄熱度使本體100超出指定的溫度時,構成本體100之鐵板等之剛性會降低、並嚴重變形。若設置混凝土層4,可抑制箱體2之溫度上昇,同時以混凝土層4固定本體100。其結果,可抑制本體100之變形。 When the concrete layer 4 is not provided on the outer peripheral portion of the main body 100, the rigidity of iron plates and the like constituting the main body 100 will be reduced and severely deformed when the main body 100 exceeds the specified temperature due to flame heat. If the concrete layer 4 is provided, the temperature rise of the box body 2 can be suppressed, and the main body 100 can be fixed by the concrete layer 4 at the same time. As a result, deformation of the main body 100 can be suppressed.
因地中之土粒子表面及空隙部包含水份及氧氣,形成極容易促進鐵板腐蝕之環境。另外,於接近海岸之處設置半地下式避難所1時,受到海水之飛沫影響,也促進鐵板之腐蝕。但是若於外周部設置混凝土層4,透過混凝土層4之鹼性,鐵板表面形成鈍態膜,即使處於水份、氧氣及氯存在之環境下,亦可抑制鐵板腐蝕。 Because the surface of the soil particles and the voids in the ground contain water and oxygen, an environment that easily promotes corrosion of iron plates is formed. In addition, when a semi-underground refuge 1 is installed near the coast, it is affected by the spray of seawater and promotes the corrosion of iron plates. However, if a concrete layer 4 is provided on the outer periphery and the alkali of the concrete layer 4 is penetrated, a passive state film is formed on the surface of the iron plate, and the corrosion of the iron plate can be suppressed even in the environment where moisture, oxygen and chlorine are present.
另外,因為由混凝土層4直接承受海嘯漂流物,設於混凝土層4內部側之本體100,其所受衝擊之影響即趨緩。 In addition, because the concrete layer 4 directly receives the tsunami drift, the body 100 provided on the inner side of the concrete layer 4 will be less affected by the impact.
混凝土層4以無筋混凝土為理想,這樣可省略現場施工之配筋作業,並可縮短工期。 The concrete layer 4 is ideally made of unreinforced concrete, so that the reinforcement work on site can be omitted, and the construction period can be shortened.
門5設於地上部F,如第2圖所示,焊接於箱體2及中空 管3之開口8。門5為1道或2道門之構造,兼具水密性及耐衝擊性。 The door 5 is installed on the ground floor F, and is welded to the box 2 and the hollow as shown in FIG. 2 The opening 8 of the tube 3. The door 5 has a structure of one or two doors, and has both water tightness and impact resistance.
說明半地下式避難所1之建造方法。 The construction method of the semi-underground shelter 1 will be described.
本體100為在設備齊全的工廠製作。製作工程如下所示。 The body 100 is manufactured in a fully equipped factory. The production process is shown below.
將數支中空管3外嵌於側板21,配設於固定的位置後,焊接21,以固定位置。又,設於最上部及最下部之中空管3U、3L之支撐材6U、6L,***側板21之上端部及下端部所形成之凹部(省略圖示)。 Several hollow tubes 3 are externally embedded in the side plate 21 and arranged at a fixed position, and then welded 21 to fix the position. In addition, the supporting materials 6U and 6L provided in the uppermost and lowermost hollow pipes 3U and 3L are inserted into recessed portions (not shown) formed at the upper and lower end portions of the side plate 21.
將底板23及天井板22安裝於側板21之上端部及下端部,焊接於側板21及支撐材6U及6L,以固定位置。 The bottom plate 23 and the patio plate 22 are installed on the upper and lower ends of the side plate 21, and welded to the side plate 21 and the supporting materials 6U and 6L to fix the position.
又,在本發明實施型態中,於中空管3U、3L外側設置天井板22、底板23,但亦可於天井板22、底板23之外側設置中空管3U、3L。另外,亦可省略底板23。 Moreover, in the embodiment of the present invention, the patio plates 22 and the bottom plate 23 are provided outside the hollow tubes 3U and 3L, but the hollow tubes 3U and 3L may be provided outside the patio plates 22 and the bottom plate 23. The base plate 23 may be omitted.
於箱體2和中空管3設置開口8,如第2圖所示,將門5焊接於開口8以固定。又,亦可預先形成開口8。 An opening 8 is provided in the box body 2 and the hollow pipe 3, and as shown in FIG. 2, the door 5 is welded to the opening 8 to be fixed. The opening 8 may be formed in advance.
於中空管3形成:用來注入灰泥3b的注入孔(省略圖示)、將填充於內部空間3a之空氣抽出、同時用來確認灰泥3b之填充狀況之確認孔(省略圖示)。確認孔為距離固定間隔設置數個。由注入孔注入灰泥3b,由確認孔排出灰泥3b,以確認灰泥3b之填充。又,灰泥3b之填充亦可在施工現場進行。 Formed in the hollow tube 3: an injection hole (not shown) for injecting the plaster 3b, an air hole for extracting the air filled in the internal space 3a, and a confirmation hole (not shown) for confirming the filling condition of the plaster 3b . Confirm that there are several holes at a fixed interval. The plaster 3b is injected through the injection hole, and the plaster 3b is discharged through the confirmation hole to confirm the filling of the plaster 3b. In addition, the filling of the plaster 3b may be performed at the construction site.
現場施工過程如下所示。 The site construction process is shown below.
以人力挖掘或使用小型挖土機挖掘至指定的深度,形成洞 H(參照第4圖)。一邊確認斜面是否穩定,一邊慎重地進行挖掘作業。挖掘完畢後,進行底部壓實,整平底面不平,以求平坦化。又,當確認有水湧出等情況發生時,可與底部鋪設碎石,追加壓實作業。 Digging by manpower or using a small excavator to a specified depth to form a hole H (see Figure 4). While checking whether the slope is stable, excavate carefully. After the excavation is completed, the bottom is compacted to flatten the bottom surface for flattening. In addition, when it is confirmed that water gushing occurs, it is possible to lay crushed stones on the bottom and perform additional compaction.
透過於底部灌注‧養護混凝土,建造基礎10。為考慮後續工程容易進行,最好盡量確保基礎10上面呈水平狀態。 The foundation 10 is constructed by pouring and curing concrete at the bottom. In order to consider that the subsequent projects are easy to carry out, it is best to ensure that the foundation 10 is horizontal as far as possible.
將在工廠製作之本體100運入安裝現場,以小型起重機吊下,暫時固定於基礎10來安裝。 The main body 100 produced in the factory is brought into the installation site, and is suspended by a small crane, and temporarily fixed to the foundation 10 for installation.
使用分離器(省略圖示),於確保與側板21距離指定間隔之狀態下,僅於側板21周圍建造模板T。側板21及天井板22之功能,是用來當作灌注混凝土時之內側模板,因此不需於模板T內側設置新的模板。另外,天井板22受支撐材6U補強,因此即使直接承受混凝土重量,亦可抑制變形,可確保指定的強度。也就是說,於灌注混凝土時,支撐發揮模板功能之天井板22,因此不需要於本體100內部設置模板。如此即不需要內側模板,以及設於本體100內部、用來補強天井板22所設模板支架,可降低成本及縮短現場工期。 Using a separator (not shown), a template T is built around the side plate 21 while ensuring a specified distance from the side plate 21. The function of the side plate 21 and the patio plate 22 is to be used as the inner formwork when pouring concrete, so there is no need to set a new formwork inside the formwork T. In addition, the patio slab 22 is reinforced by the 6U support material, so that even if it directly bears the weight of the concrete, the deformation can be suppressed, and the specified strength can be ensured. That is to say, when the concrete is poured, the patio board 22 functioning as a formwork is supported, so there is no need to provide a formwork inside the body 100. In this way, the inner formwork is not required, and the formwork support provided in the body 100 to reinforce the patio board 22 can reduce costs and shorten the construction period on site.
將混凝土灌注至模板T和本體100之間所形成的空間。又,將混凝土自天井板22灌注至指定高度。灌注混凝土後,以養護步驟蓋住天井板22上之混凝土灌注面,加以養護。 Concrete is poured into the space formed between the formwork T and the body 100. The concrete is poured from the patio slab 22 to a predetermined height. After the concrete is poured, the concrete pouring surface on the patio board 22 is covered by a curing step for curing.
撤除模板T,用土或混凝土將混凝土層4和洞H之間所形成的空間填滿。填回時所使用的土,亦可使用施工現場所產生的土。 The formwork T is removed, and the space formed between the concrete layer 4 and the hole H is filled with soil or concrete. The soil used for backfilling can also be the soil produced at the construction site.
本發明可適用於避難所等避難設施,產業利用價格相當高。 The invention can be applied to evacuation facilities such as refuges, and the industrial utilization price is quite high.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5397297A (en) * | 1977-02-05 | 1978-08-25 | Tetsuo Sawada | Disaster preventing device |
JP2005232845A (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-02 | Fusao Sakano | Evacuation facility |
JP2007297898A (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-15 | Nihon Shelter System Co Ltd | Underground shelter and method for forming bearing partition wall of underground shelter |
JP2014111873A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-06-19 | Kazutaka Kojima | Tsunami evacuation underground shelter |
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2017
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- 2017-08-30 WO PCT/JP2017/031177 patent/WO2018047696A1/en active Application Filing
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5397297A (en) * | 1977-02-05 | 1978-08-25 | Tetsuo Sawada | Disaster preventing device |
JP2005232845A (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-02 | Fusao Sakano | Evacuation facility |
JP2007297898A (en) * | 2006-05-01 | 2007-11-15 | Nihon Shelter System Co Ltd | Underground shelter and method for forming bearing partition wall of underground shelter |
JP2014111873A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-06-19 | Kazutaka Kojima | Tsunami evacuation underground shelter |
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