TWI652712B - Protective component - Google Patents

Abstract

提供一種保護元件，在將電極引出至外部之路徑中謀求低電阻化，進而使元件整體之額定提升，亦能對應於大電流用途。 Provided is a protective element that reduces the resistance in the path in which the electrode is taken out to the outside, and further increases the rating of the entire device, and can also correspond to a large current application.

其具備：絕緣基板11；發熱體12及第1、第2電極13,14，積層於絕緣基板11；發熱體引出電極15，電性連接於發熱體12；可熔導體16，積層於第1、第2電極13,14與發熱體引出電極15，成為跨第1、第2電極13,14間之電流路徑；以及覆蓋構件17，覆蓋絕緣基板11之表面；於覆蓋構件17，形成有與第1電極13連接且露出至外側之第1外部連接端子21、以及與第2電極14連接且露出至外側之第2外部連接端子22。 The insulating substrate 11 includes a heating element 12 and first and second electrodes 13 and 14 laminated on the insulating substrate 11; the heating element extraction electrode 15 is electrically connected to the heating element 12; and the fusible conductor 16 is laminated on the first layer. The second electrodes 13, 14 and the heating element extraction electrode 15 form a current path between the first and second electrodes 13, 14; and the covering member 17 covers the surface of the insulating substrate 11, and the covering member 17 is formed with The first external connection terminal 21 that is connected to the first electrode 13 and is exposed to the outside, and the second external connection terminal 22 that is connected to the second electrode 14 and exposed to the outside.

Description

保護元件 Protective component

本發明係關於一種於過充電、過放電等異常時阻斷電流路徑之保護元件。本申請係以在日本於2014年4月15日提申之日本專利申請號特願2014-083659為基礎主張優先權者，參照此申請援用於本申請中。 The present invention relates to a protection element that blocks a current path when an abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge occurs. The present application claims priority on the basis of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-083659, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

可充電且反覆利用之二次電池之多數係加工為電池組以提供給使用者。尤其於重量能量密度較高之鋰離子二次電池中，為了確保使用者及電子機器之安全，一般而言，將過充電保護、過放電保護等數個保護電路內置於電池組，具有於特定之情形時阻斷電池組之輸出之功能。 Most of the rechargeable and reusable secondary batteries are processed into battery packs for supply to the user. In particular, in a lithium ion secondary battery having a high weight and energy density, in order to secure the safety of the user and the electronic device, in general, a plurality of protection circuits such as overcharge protection and overdischarge protection are built in the battery pack, and are specific to the battery pack. In this case, the function of blocking the output of the battery pack is blocked.

此種保護元件中，有藉由使用內置於電池組之FET開關進行輸出之導通/斷開(ON/OFF)，而進行電池組之過充電保護或過放電保護動作者。然而，即便於因某些原因而使FET開關短路破壞之情形時，於施加雷電突波(lightning surge)等而流通瞬間性大電流之情形時，或於因電池單元之壽命而使輸出電壓異常降低，或者相反地輸出過大異常電壓之情形時，亦必須保護電池組或電子機器免受起火等事故。因此，為了於如此之可假定之任何異常狀態下，均可安全地阻斷電池單元之輸出，而使用一種保護元件，其具有根據來自外部之訊號而阻斷電流路徑之功能的保險絲元 件所構成。 Among such protection elements, the ON/OFF of the output is performed by using the FET switch built in the battery pack, and the overcharge protection or overdischarge protection of the battery pack is performed. However, even when the FET switch is short-circuited and broken for some reason, when a transient high current flows due to a lightning surge or the like, or the output voltage is abnormal due to the life of the battery unit When reducing or, in the opposite case, outputting an excessive abnormal voltage, it is also necessary to protect the battery pack or the electronic device from accidents such as fire. Therefore, in order to safely block the output of the battery unit in any abnormal state that can be assumed as such, a protection element having a function of blocking the function of the current path according to an external signal is used. The composition of the pieces.

如圖9(A)及圖9(B)所示，作為針對此種鋰離子二次電池等之保護電路之保護元件80，有如下者：橫跨連接於電流路徑上之第1及第2電極81、82間地連接可溶導體83，而形成電流路徑之一部分，藉由過電流引起之自發熱、或設置於保護元件80內部之發熱體84而將該電流路徑上之可熔導體83熔斷。 As shown in FIG. 9(A) and FIG. 9(B), as the protection element 80 for the protection circuit of such a lithium ion secondary battery or the like, there are the following: the first and the second which are connected across the current path. The soluble conductor 83 is connected between the electrodes 81 and 82 to form a portion of the current path, and the self-heating due to overcurrent or the heat generating body 84 disposed inside the protective member 80 causes the fusible conductor 83 on the current path. Fuse.

第1及第2電極81、82，形成於絕緣基板85之表面，透過未圖示之通孔與形成在絕緣基板85背面之外部連接端子81a,82a導通，藉由此等外部連接端子81a,82a構裝於對電路基板之連接端子，而與形成於該電路基板之電流路徑連接。 The first and second electrodes 81 and 82 are formed on the surface of the insulating substrate 85, and are electrically connected to the external connection terminals 81a and 82a formed on the back surface of the insulating substrate 85 through through holes (not shown), whereby the external connection terminals 81a are thereby connected. The 82a is mounted on the connection terminal of the circuit board and connected to the current path formed on the circuit board.

保護元件80中，在藉由可熔導體83過電流引起之自發熱、或發熱體84之通電、發熱而熔融後，藉由液體狀之可熔導體83凝集於第1及第2電極81、82上而阻斷電流路徑。 In the protective element 80, the self-heating by the overcurrent of the soluble conductor 83 or the energization and heat generation of the heating element 84 is melted, and then the liquid-like soluble conductor 83 is aggregated on the first and second electrodes 81, Block 82 and block the current path.

[先行技術文獻] [Advanced technical literature]

[專利文獻1]日本特開2010-003665號公報 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-003665

[專利文獻2]日本特開2004-185960號公報 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-185960

[專利文獻3]日本特開2012-003878號公報 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2012-003878

以往，此種保護元件80，多使用於攜帶電話或筆記型電腦之類電流容量較低之用途，可熔導體83具有最大15A左右之電流容量。然而， 鋰離子二次電池之用途近年不斷擴大，亦有研究採用於更大電流之用途、例如電動起子等電動工具或油電混合車、電動車、電動自行車等輸送機器，其一部分已有開始採用。此等用途中，特別是在啟動時等有時會有超過數10A~100A之大電流流通的情形。而被期望有對應此種大電流容量之保護元件之實現。 Conventionally, such a protective element 80 is often used for applications such as a mobile phone or a notebook computer having a low current capacity, and the fusible conductor 83 has a current capacity of up to about 15 A. however, The use of lithium ion secondary batteries has been expanding in recent years, and research has been conducted on applications such as electric tools such as electric screwdrivers or hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and electric bicycles, and some of them have been used. In such applications, there may be cases where a large current of more than 10A to 100A flows, particularly at the time of startup. It is expected that there will be an implementation of a protection element corresponding to such a large current capacity.

為了實現對應大電流容量之保護元件，必須謀求元件整體之額定提升。因此，藉由使可熔導體之剖面積增大等來降低電阻值，以實現所欲之額定的方法較為容易。 In order to realize a protection element corresponding to a large current capacity, it is necessary to achieve a rated increase in the overall component. Therefore, it is easy to reduce the resistance value by increasing the sectional area of the fusible conductor or the like to achieve the desired rating.

此處，如上所述，連接可熔導體之第1、第2電極81,82係透過形成於絕緣基板之通孔與外部連接端子81a,82a及保護電路連接。通孔係藉由印刷導電糊而形成導電層，透過此導電層將第1、第2電極81,82與外部連接端子81a,82a電性連接。 Here, as described above, the first and second electrodes 81 and 82 that connect the fusible conductor are connected to the external connection terminals 81a and 82a and the protection circuit through the through holes formed in the insulating substrate. The via hole is formed by printing a conductive paste to form a conductive layer, and the first and second electrodes 81 and 82 are electrically connected to the external connection terminals 81a and 82a through the conductive layer.

然而，充填於通孔之導電糊，為了實現能印刷之黏度而添加了溶劑成分，藉由燒成使溶劑成分揮發而收縮，而有於通孔內產生空隙等無法形成較厚導電層之情形。又，於導電糊中，為了將金屬粒子間保持為一定形狀，添加了無助於電氣傳導之玻璃成分。 However, the conductive paste filled in the through hole is added with a solvent component in order to achieve a printable viscosity, and the solvent component is volatilized by the firing to shrink, and a void is formed in the through hole, and a thick conductive layer cannot be formed. . Further, in the conductive paste, in order to maintain a constant shape between the metal particles, a glass component which does not contribute to electrical conduction is added.

因此，保護元件80在將第1、第2電極81,82透過通孔引出至外部之過程中電阻會變高，即使能謀求可熔導體之低電阻，亦難以實現元件整體之高額定。 Therefore, the protective element 80 has a high electric resistance during the process of drawing the first and second electrodes 81 and 82 through the through hole, and even if the low resistance of the fusible conductor can be achieved, it is difficult to achieve high rating of the entire device.

又，藉由使大電流流通高電阻化後之第1、第2電極81,82與外部連接端子81a,82a間之電流路徑所致之發熱，亦被擔心會造成電流路徑之破壞、或構裝保護元件80之電路基板之連接電極等對其他周邊機器之熱 影響。 Further, heat generated by a current path between the first and second electrodes 81 and 82 and the external connection terminals 81a and 82a after the high current is increased in resistance is also feared to cause destruction of the current path or structure. The connection electrode of the circuit board on which the protection element 80 is mounted is heated to other peripheral devices influences.

因此，本發明之目的在於，提供一種保護元件，在將第1、第2電極引出至外部之路徑中謀求低電阻化，進而使元件整體之額定提升，亦能對應於大電流用途。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a protective element which can reduce the resistance in the path in which the first and second electrodes are led out to the outside, and further increase the rating of the entire device, and can also be used for a large current application.

為了解決上述之課題，本發明之保護元件，其具備：絕緣基板；發熱體；第1及第2電極，積層於上述絕緣基板；發熱體引出電極，電性連接於上述發熱體；可熔導體，積層於上述第1及第2電極與上述發熱體引出電極，成為跨上述第1及第2電極間之電流路徑；以及覆蓋構件，覆蓋上述絕緣基板之設有上述第1及第2電極之表面；於上述覆蓋構件，形成有與上述第1電極連接且露出至外側之第1外部連接端子、以及與上述第2電極連接且露出至外側之第2外部連接端子。 In order to solve the above problems, the protective element of the present invention includes: an insulating substrate; a heat generating body; first and second electrodes laminated on the insulating substrate; and a heat generating body lead electrode electrically connected to the heat generating body; and a fusible conductor And stacking the first and second electrodes and the heating element extraction electrode to form a current path between the first and second electrodes; and a covering member covering the insulating substrate and providing the first and second electrodes The cover member is formed with a first external connection terminal that is connected to the first electrode and exposed to the outside, and a second external connection terminal that is connected to the second electrode and exposed to the outside.

根據本發明，藉由任意選擇第1、第2外部連接端子之材料或形狀等，即能容易地謀求低電阻。因此，本發明之保護元件，相較於透過通孔引出至外部連接電極之習知保護元件，不會因自可熔導體設於前之第1、第2外部連接端子導致電阻值上升。藉此，保護元件能使跨第1、第2外部連接端子間之電流路徑之額定提升，能對應大電流。 According to the present invention, it is possible to easily achieve low resistance by arbitrarily selecting the material or shape of the first and second external connection terminals. Therefore, the protective element of the present invention does not increase the resistance value due to the conventional first and second external connection terminals from which the self-solidable conductor is provided, compared to the conventional protective element that is led out to the external connection electrode through the through hole. Thereby, the protection element can increase the rating of the current path between the first and second external connection terminals, and can correspond to a large current.

1‧‧‧保護元件 1‧‧‧Protection components

11‧‧‧絕緣基板 11‧‧‧Insert substrate

12‧‧‧發熱體 12‧‧‧heating body

13‧‧‧第1電極 13‧‧‧1st electrode

14‧‧‧第2電極 14‧‧‧2nd electrode

15‧‧‧發熱體引出電極 15‧‧‧heating body extraction electrode

16‧‧‧可熔導體 16‧‧‧fusible conductor

17‧‧‧覆蓋構件 17‧‧‧ Covering components

18‧‧‧絕緣構件 18‧‧‧Insulating components

19‧‧‧發熱體電極 19‧‧‧Heating body electrode

20‧‧‧助焊劑 20‧‧‧ Flux

21‧‧‧第1外部連接端子 21‧‧‧1st external connection terminal

22‧‧‧第2外部連接端子 22‧‧‧2nd external connection terminal

23‧‧‧第3外部連接端子 23‧‧‧3rd external connection terminal

30‧‧‧電池組 30‧‧‧Battery Pack

31~34‧‧‧電池單元 31~34‧‧‧ battery unit

35‧‧‧電池堆 35‧‧‧Battery stack

36‧‧‧檢測電路 36‧‧‧Detection circuit

37‧‧‧電流控制元件 37‧‧‧ Current control components

40‧‧‧充放電控制電路 40‧‧‧Charge and discharge control circuit

41、42‧‧‧電流控制元件 41, 42‧‧‧ Current control components

43‧‧‧控制部 43‧‧‧Control Department

45‧‧‧充電裝置 45‧‧‧Charging device

圖1係表示適用本發明之保護元件內部之立體圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the inside of a protective member to which the present invention is applied.

圖2係表示適用本發明之保護元件內部之俯視圖。 Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the inside of a protective member to which the present invention is applied.

圖3係表示適用本發明之保護元件之剖面圖。 Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a protective member to which the present invention is applied.

圖4係表示覆蓋構件之立體圖，(A)係表示頂面部側，(B)係表示底面側。 Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing a covering member, wherein (A) shows the top surface side and (B) shows the bottom surface side.

圖5係表示組裝有保護元件之電池組之電路圖。 Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a battery pack in which a protective element is assembled.

圖6係保護元件之電路圖。 Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of a protection element.

圖7係表示適用本發明之其他保護元件之剖面圖。 Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another protective element to which the present invention is applied.

圖8係表示適用本發明之其他保護元件之剖面圖。 Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another protective element to which the present invention is applied.

圖9係表示習知保護元件內部之立體圖，(A)係立體圖，(B)係剖面圖。 Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the inside of a conventional protective element, (A) is a perspective view, and (B) is a cross-sectional view.

以下，一面參照圖式，一面對適用本發明之保護元件進行詳細說明。再者，本發明當然並非僅限定於以下之實施形態，可於不脫離本發明之主旨之範圍內進行各種變更。又，圖式係示意性之圖式，各尺寸之比率等有時與實物不同。具體尺寸等應參考以下之說明而判斷。又，當然包含即便於圖式彼此間相互之尺寸之關係或比率亦不同之部分。 Hereinafter, the protective element to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It is a matter of course that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Moreover, the drawings are schematic drawings, and the ratios of the respective dimensions may be different from the actual ones. The specific dimensions and the like should be judged by referring to the following description. Further, it goes without saying that the relationship or ratio of the dimensions of the drawings differs from each other.

如圖1~圖3所示，適用本發明之保護元件1具備絕緣基板11、積層於絕緣基板11之發熱體12、積層於絕緣基板11之第1、第2電極13,14、電性連接於發熱體12之發熱體引出電極15、從發熱體引出電極15跨至第1、第2電極13,14而積層且成為第1、第2電極13,14間之電流路徑的可熔導體16、以及覆蓋絕緣基板11之設有第1、第2電極13,14之表面之覆蓋構件17。 As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the protective element 1 to which the present invention is applied includes an insulating substrate 11, a heat generating body 12 laminated on the insulating substrate 11, and first and second electrodes 13, 14 laminated on the insulating substrate 11, and electrical connections. The heat-generating body extraction electrode 15 of the heating element 12, and the fusible conductor 16 which is laminated from the heating element extraction electrode 15 to the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 and which is a current path between the first and second electrodes 13, 14 And a covering member 17 that covers the surface of the insulating substrate 11 on which the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 are provided.

絕緣基板11，係使用例如氧化鋁、玻璃陶瓷、莫來石、及氧化鋯等具有絕緣性之構件形成為大致方形。絕緣基板11雖亦可使用其他 玻璃環氧基板、苯酚基板等用於印刷配線基板的材料，但需留意可熔導體17熔斷時之溫度。 The insulating substrate 11 is formed into a substantially square shape using an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramic, mullite, or zirconia. Although the insulating substrate 11 can also be used other A material for printing a wiring board such as a glass epoxy substrate or a phenol substrate, but it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature at which the fusible conductor 17 is blown.

於絕緣基板11之相對向側緣部形成有第1、第2電極13,14。第1、第2電極13,14藉由連接可熔導體16而電性連接。又，第1、第2電極13,14與形成於後述之覆蓋構件17之第1、第2外部連接端子21,22電性連接，透過此第1、第2外部連接端子21,22連接於使用保護元件1之外部電路之電流路徑。第1、第2電極13,14例如能藉由印刷、燒成Ag糊等高熔點金屬糊來形成。 The first and second electrodes 13 and 14 are formed on the opposite side edge portions of the insulating substrate 11. The first and second electrodes 13, 14 are electrically connected by connecting the fusible conductors 16. Further, the first and second electrodes 13, 14 are electrically connected to the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 formed in the covering member 17, which will be described later, and are connected to the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 through The current path of the external circuit of the protection element 1 is used. The first and second electrodes 13 and 14 can be formed, for example, by printing or firing a high melting point metal paste such as Ag paste.

發熱體12積層於絕緣基板11表面，被絕緣構件18覆蓋。發熱體12係具有阻抗值較高、會因通電而發熱之導電性之構件，由例如W、Mo、Ru等所構成。能藉由將此等合金或組成物、化合物之粉狀體與樹脂黏結劑等混合，將形成之糊狀物使用網版印刷技術於絕緣基板11上形成圖案，並藉由燒成等方式而形成。又，發熱體12一端連接有發熱體引出電極15，另一端連接有發熱體電極19。 The heating element 12 is laminated on the surface of the insulating substrate 11 and covered by the insulating member 18. The heating element 12 is a member having a high electric resistance value and having heat generated by energization, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. The alloy or the composition, the powder of the compound, the resin binder, and the like can be mixed, and the formed paste can be patterned on the insulating substrate 11 by screen printing, and by firing or the like. form. Further, the heating element 12 is connected to the heating element extraction electrode 15 at one end, and the heating element electrode 19 is connected to the other end.

發熱體引出電極15從發熱體12一端引出至第1、第2電極13,14間，搭載有後述之可熔導體16。又，發熱體電極19形成於絕緣基板11之表面上，與形成於後述之覆蓋構件17之第3外部連接端子23電性連接。發熱體12透過發熱體電極19及第3外部連接端子23與外部電路連接。 The heating element extraction electrode 15 is taken out from one end of the heating element 12 to the first and second electrodes 13 and 14, and a fusible conductor 16 to be described later is mounted. Further, the heating element electrode 19 is formed on the surface of the insulating substrate 11, and is electrically connected to the third external connection terminal 23 formed on the covering member 17 to be described later. The heating element 12 is connected to an external circuit through the heating element electrode 19 and the third external connection terminal 23.

保護元件1以覆蓋發熱體12之方式配置有絕緣構件18，以隔著此絕緣構件18對向於發熱體12之方式配置發熱體引出電極15。能使用例如玻璃作為絕緣構件18。此外，保護元件1，為了將發熱體12之熱以良好效率傳至可熔導體，亦可於發熱體12與絕緣基板11之間積層絕緣構件 18，並將發熱體12設於形成在絕緣基板11之表面之絕緣構件18內部。 The protective element 1 is provided with an insulating member 18 so as to cover the heating element 12, and the heating element extraction electrode 15 is disposed so as to face the heating element 12 via the insulating member 18. For example, glass can be used as the insulating member 18. In addition, the protective element 1 may be laminated with an insulating member between the heating element 12 and the insulating substrate 11 in order to transfer the heat of the heating element 12 to the meltable conductor with good efficiency. 18, and the heating element 12 is provided inside the insulating member 18 formed on the surface of the insulating substrate 11.

可熔導體16能使用會藉由發熱體12之發熱迅速熔斷之任一金屬，例如能非常合適地使用以Sn為主成分之無鉛焊料等低熔點金屬。 As the fusible conductor 16, any metal which is rapidly melted by the heat generation of the heating element 12 can be used. For example, a low melting point metal such as a lead-free solder containing Sn as a main component can be used very suitably.

又，可熔導體16亦可積層低熔點金屬與高熔點金屬來形成。作為低熔點金屬與高熔點金屬之積層構造，雖能舉出例如藉由高熔點金屬鍍敷來覆蓋低熔點金屬箔的構造，但亦可使用其他周知之積層技術、膜形成技術來形成。作為低熔點金屬，較佳為使用以Sn為主成分之無鉛焊料等焊料，作為高熔點金屬，較佳為使用Ag、Cu或以此等為主成分之合金等。藉由含有高熔點金屬與低熔點金屬，將保護元件1回焊構裝之情形，即使回焊溫度超過低熔點金屬層之熔融溫度而低熔點金屬熔融，亦可抑制低熔點金屬往外部流出，能維持可熔導體16之形狀。又，在熔斷時，亦藉由低熔點金屬熔融，熔蝕(焊料沖蝕)高熔點金屬，而能以高熔點金屬之熔點以下之溫度迅速地熔斷。 Further, the fusible conductor 16 may be formed by laminating a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal. The laminated structure of the low-melting-point metal and the high-melting-point metal may be, for example, a structure in which a low-melting-point metal foil is coated by high-melting-point metal plating, but it may be formed by another well-known layering technique or a film forming technique. As the low-melting-point metal, a solder such as a lead-free solder containing Sn as a main component is preferably used, and as the high-melting-point metal, Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing the same as a main component is preferably used. When the protective element 1 is reflowed by containing a high melting point metal and a low melting point metal, even if the reflow temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the low melting point metal layer and the low melting point metal is melted, the low melting point metal can be suppressed from flowing out to the outside. The shape of the fusible conductor 16 can be maintained. Further, at the time of melting, the low melting point metal is melted, and the high melting point metal is ablated (solder erosion), and can be rapidly melted at a temperature lower than the melting point of the high melting point metal.

此外，可熔導體16焊接於發熱體引出電極15及第1電極13及第2電極14。藉此，保護元件1中，透過可熔導體16形成有跨第1、第2電極13,14間之電流路徑。又，此時，藉由將設於下層之低熔點金屬透過無鉛焊料構成，而能使用此低熔點金屬連接於發熱體引出電極15及第1、第2電極13,14。 Further, the fusible conductor 16 is welded to the heating element extraction electrode 15 and the first electrode 13 and the second electrode 14. Thereby, in the protective element 1, a current path across the first and second electrodes 13, 14 is formed through the soluble conductor 16. Further, at this time, by forming the low-melting-point metal provided in the lower layer through the lead-free solder, the low-melting-point metal can be connected to the heating element extraction electrode 15 and the first and second electrodes 13, 14.

此外，保護元件1為了防止可熔導體16之氧化及提升可熔導體16熔融時之濕潤性而於可熔導體16上塗布有助焊劑20。 Further, the protective element 1 is coated with the flux 20 on the fusible conductor 16 in order to prevent oxidation of the fusible conductor 16 and to improve the wettability of the fusible conductor 16 when it is melted.

[覆蓋構件] [covering member]

其次，說明覆蓋絕緣基板11表面之覆蓋構件17。圖4(A)係表示覆蓋構 件17之頂面側之立體圖，圖4(B)係表示覆蓋構件17之底面側之立體圖。覆蓋構件17係保護內部且將第1、第2電極13,14連接於外部電路者，藉由工程塑膠等來形成。 Next, the covering member 17 covering the surface of the insulating substrate 11 will be described. Figure 4 (A) shows the cover structure A perspective view of the top side of the member 17, and Fig. 4(B) is a perspective view showing the bottom side of the covering member 17. The cover member 17 is formed by protecting the inside and connecting the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 to an external circuit, and is formed of engineering plastic or the like.

如圖4(A)(B)所示，覆蓋構件17具有連接於絕緣基板11之表面上之側面部17a與頂面部17b。又，覆蓋構件17形成有與第1電極13連接且露出至外側之第1外部連接端子21及與第2電極14連接且露出至外側之第2外部連接端子22。 As shown in FIGS. 4(A) and (B), the covering member 17 has a side surface portion 17a and a top surface portion 17b which are connected to the surface of the insulating substrate 11. Further, the cover member 17 is formed with a first external connection terminal 21 that is connected to the first electrode 13 and exposed to the outside, and a second external connection terminal 22 that is connected to the second electrode 14 and exposed to the outside.

第1、第2外部連接端子21,22，與第1、第2電極13,14連接且連接於構裝保護元件1之電路基板之連接電極。藉此，保護元件1中，透過可熔導體16連接之跨第1及第2電極間之電流路徑組裝至外部電路之電流路徑上。 The first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 are connected to the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 and are connected to the connection electrode of the circuit board on which the protective element 1 is mounted. Thereby, in the protective element 1, the current path between the first and second electrodes connected through the soluble conductor 16 is assembled to the current path of the external circuit.

第1、第2外部連接端子21,22，由金屬柱或金屬板等具有導電性之材料構成，藉由嵌入成形等與覆蓋構件17一體成形。第1外部連接端子21，如圖3、圖4所示，一端作為與引出至覆蓋構件17之頂面部17b側之外部電路之連接電極連接之端子部21a，另一端作為與面對覆蓋構件17內部之第1電極13連接之連接部21b。同樣地，第2外部連接端子22，一端作為與引出至覆蓋構件17之頂面部17b側之外部電路之連接電極連接之端子部22a，另一端作為與面對覆蓋構件17內部之第2電極14連接之連接部22b。 The first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 are made of a conductive material such as a metal post or a metal plate, and are integrally molded with the covering member 17 by insert molding or the like. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first external connection terminal 21 has one end as a terminal portion 21a connected to a connection electrode of an external circuit drawn to the side of the top surface portion 17b of the covering member 17, and the other end as a facing cover member 17 The connection portion 21b to which the first first electrode 13 is connected. Similarly, the second external connection terminal 22 has one end as a terminal portion 22a that is connected to a connection electrode that is led to an external circuit on the side of the top surface portion 17b of the covering member 17, and the other end serves as a second electrode 14 that faces the inside of the covering member 17. The connecting portion 22b is connected.

覆蓋構件17藉由搭載於絕緣基板11之表面上，第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之各連接部21b,22b位於第1、第2電極13,14上。又，連接部21b,22b與第1、第2電極13,14透過焊料等導電性接著材料導通連 接。藉此，保護元件1中，透過可熔導體16連接之跨第1及第2電極間之電流路徑透過第1、第2外部連接端子21,22被引出至外部。 The cover member 17 is mounted on the surface of the insulating substrate 11, and the connection portions 21b and 22b of the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 are positioned on the first and second electrodes 13, 14. Further, the connecting portions 21b and 22b and the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 are electrically connected to each other via a conductive material such as solder. Pick up. Thereby, in the protective element 1, the current path between the first and second electrodes connected through the soluble conductor 16 is transmitted to the outside through the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22.

此處，使用金屬柱或金屬板導電材料形成之第1、第2外部連接端子21,22能藉由任意選擇材料或形狀等來容易地謀求低電阻化。是以，保護元件1，相較於透過通孔引出至外部連接電極之習知保護元件，不會因自可熔導體16設於前之第1、第2外部連接端子21,22導致電阻值上升。 Here, the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 formed of a metal post or a metal plate conductive material can be easily reduced in resistance by arbitrarily selecting a material or a shape. Therefore, the protective element 1 does not cause a resistance value due to the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 provided from the front of the fusible conductor 16 as compared with the conventional protective element which is led out to the external connection electrode through the through hole. rise.

藉此，保護元件1能使跨第1、第2外部連接端子21,22間之電流路徑之額定提升，能對應大電流。亦即，保護元件1，即使係作為HEV或EV等之動力源使用之鋰離子二次電池等之大電流用途，第1、第2外部連接端子21,22間之導通電阻亦能充分降低至能對應額定提升之程度。 Thereby, the protective element 1 can raise the rated value of the current path between the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22, and can correspond to a large current. In other words, even if the protective element 1 is used for a large current such as a lithium ion secondary battery used as a power source such as an HEV or an EV, the on-resistance between the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 can be sufficiently reduced to Can correspond to the degree of rated lifting.

又，保護元件1中，第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之各端子部21a,22a被引出至覆蓋構件17之頂面部17b側，藉此能將覆蓋構件17之頂面部17b側作為對電路基板之構裝面。 Further, in the protective element 1, the terminal portions 21a, 22a of the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 are led out to the side of the top surface portion 17b of the covering member 17, whereby the top surface portion 17b side of the covering member 17 can be used as the side The mounting surface of the circuit board.

此種保護元件1，由於係於絕緣基板11之表面側設有第1、第2電極13,14、發熱體12、可熔導體16等，且連接有形成有第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之覆蓋構件17，覆蓋構件17之頂面部17b作為對電路基板之構裝面，因此不需要對絕緣基板11之背面進行外部連接電極等之加工，能簡化製程。 In the protective element 1, the first and second electrodes 13, 14 and the heat generating body 12, the fusible conductor 16 and the like are provided on the surface side of the insulating substrate 11, and the first and second external connection terminals are connected to each other. Since the covering member 17 of 21, 22 and the top surface portion 17b of the covering member 17 serve as a mounting surface for the circuit board, it is not necessary to perform processing such as external connection of the back surface of the insulating substrate 11, and the process can be simplified.

此外，覆蓋構件17形成有與發熱體電極19連接之第3外部連接端子23。第3外部連接端子23亦與上述之第1、第2外部連接端子21,22同樣地，由金屬柱或金屬板等具有導電性之材料構成，藉由嵌入成形等 與覆蓋構件17一體成形。又，第3外部連接端子23，一端作為與引出至覆蓋構件17之頂面部17b側之外部電路之連接電極連接之端子部23a，另一端作為與面對覆蓋構件17內部之發熱體電極19連接之連接部23b。 Further, the cover member 17 is formed with a third external connection terminal 23 connected to the heating element electrode 19. Similarly to the above-described first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22, the third external connection terminal 23 is made of a conductive material such as a metal post or a metal plate, and is formed by insert molding or the like. It is integrally formed with the covering member 17. Further, the third external connection terminal 23 has one end as a terminal portion 23a connected to a connection electrode of an external circuit drawn to the side of the top surface portion 17b of the covering member 17, and the other end as a connection to the heat generating body electrode 19 facing the inside of the covering member 17. The connecting portion 23b.

又，第3外部連接端子23形成於與設有第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之側面相鄰之側面，如圖4所示，亦可分別設於相對向之側面。保護元件1中，第1、第2電極13,14及第1、第2外部連接端子21,22形成於對稱位置，且與發熱體電極19之位置對應地，兩個第3外部連接端子23形成於對稱位置，藉此不論第1、第2外部連接端子之方向或第3外部連接端子23之方向為何均能搭載覆蓋構件17。 Further, the third external connection terminal 23 is formed on a side surface adjacent to the side surface on which the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 are provided, and may be provided on the opposite side faces as shown in FIG. In the protective element 1, the first and second electrodes 13, 14 and the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 are formed at symmetrical positions, and the two third external connection terminals 23 correspond to the positions of the heating element electrodes 19. The cover member 17 can be mounted regardless of the direction of the first and second external connection terminals or the direction of the third external connection terminal 23 in the symmetrical position.

[第1、第2外部連接端子之合成電阻值] [Composite resistance value of the first and second external connection terminals]

保護元件1較佳為，第1外部連接端子21與第2外部連接端子22之合成電阻值較第1、第2電極13,14間之導通電阻值低。藉此，保護元件1，其額定主要取決於可熔導體16本身之電阻值，不會因第1、第2外部連接端子21,22而受影響。亦即，保護元件1，電流額定可依據可熔導體16之電阻值來決定，能保證所欲之電阻值，且在超過額定電流時能藉由自體發熱來熔斷電流路徑。 Preferably, the protection element 1 has a combined resistance value between the first external connection terminal 21 and the second external connection terminal 22 that is lower than the on-resistance value between the first and second electrodes 13 and 14. Thereby, the protection element 1 is rated mainly depending on the resistance value of the soluble conductor 16 itself, and is not affected by the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22. That is, the protection element 1, the current rating can be determined according to the resistance value of the fusible conductor 16, which can ensure the desired resistance value, and can fuse the current path by self-heating when the rated current is exceeded.

第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之電阻值能從材料或形狀、尺寸來求出。又，保護元件1能從跨第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之電阻值求出元件整體之全電阻值，從此全電阻值與已知之第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之合成電阻之差來求出第1、第2電極13,14間之導通電組。又，保護元件1，可測定第1、第2電極13,14間之電阻，從與元件整體之全電阻值之差求出第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之合成電阻。 The resistance values of the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 can be obtained from materials, shapes, and sizes. Further, the protective element 1 can determine the total resistance value of the entire element from the resistance values across the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22, and the total resistance value and the known first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 The conduction group between the first and second electrodes 13 and 14 was obtained by the difference between the combined resistances. Further, the protective element 1 can measure the electric resistance between the first and second electrodes 13 and 14, and obtain the combined resistance of the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 from the difference between the total resistance values of the entire elements.

[第1、第2外部連接端子與可熔導體之直接連接] [Direct connection between the first and second external connection terminals and the fusible conductor]

此外，保護元件1中，亦可藉由覆蓋構件17搭載於絕緣基板11之表面，使第1、第2外部連接端子21,22與可熔導體16直接連接。保護元件1，藉由不透過第1、第2電極13,14而將第1、第2外部連接端子21,22與可熔導體16直接連接，能謀求更低電阻化。 Further, in the protective element 1, the cover member 17 may be mounted on the surface of the insulating substrate 11, and the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 may be directly connected to the soluble conductor 16. The protective element 1 can directly connect the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 to the fusible conductor 16 without transmitting the first and second electrodes 13 and 14, thereby achieving lower resistance.

[電池電路] [battery circuit]

如圖5所示，此種保護元件1例如被組裝至鋰離子二次電池之電池組30內之電路而使用。電池組30例如具有由合計4個鋰離子二次電池之電池單元31~34所構成之電池堆35。 As shown in FIG. 5, such a protective element 1 is used, for example, by being assembled into a circuit in a battery pack 30 of a lithium ion secondary battery. The battery pack 30 has, for example, a battery stack 35 composed of battery cells 31 to 34 of a total of four lithium ion secondary batteries.

電池組30具備：電池堆35；充放電控制電路40，其對電池堆35之充放電進行控制；適用本發明之保護元件1，其於電池堆35之異常時阻斷充電；檢測電路36，其檢測各電池單元31~34之電壓；及電流控制元件37，其根據檢測電路36之檢測結果而控制保護元件1之動作。 The battery pack 30 includes a battery stack 35, a charge and discharge control circuit 40 for controlling charging and discharging of the battery stack 35, and a protective element 1 of the present invention, which blocks charging when the battery stack 35 is abnormal; the detecting circuit 36, It detects the voltage of each of the battery cells 31 to 34; and a current control component 37 that controls the operation of the protection component 1 based on the detection result of the detection circuit 36.

電池堆35係串聯連接有需要用以保護以免受過充電及過放電狀態傷害之控制之電池單元31~34，經由電池組30之正極端子30a、負極端子30b，而可裝卸地連接於充電裝置45，且被施加來自充電裝置45之充電電壓。將藉由充電裝置45而充電之電池組30之正極端子30a、負極端子30b連接於以電池而動作之電子機器，藉此可使該電子機器動作。 The battery stack 35 is connected in series with battery cells 31 to 34 that are required to be protected from overcharge and overdischarge conditions, and are detachably connected to the charging device 45 via the positive terminal 30a and the negative terminal 30b of the battery pack 30. And the charging voltage from the charging device 45 is applied. The positive electrode terminal 30a and the negative electrode terminal 30b of the battery pack 30 charged by the charging device 45 are connected to an electronic device that operates with a battery, whereby the electronic device can be operated.

充放電控制電路40具備串聯連接於自電池堆35向充電裝置45流通之電流路徑之2個電流控制元件41、42、及控制該等電流控制元件41、42之動作之控制部43。電流控制元件41、42例如由場效電晶體(Field Effect Transistor)(以下，稱為FET)構成，藉由控制部43而對閘極電壓進 行控制，藉此對電池堆35之電流路徑之導通與阻斷進行控制。控制部43自充電裝置45接受電力供給而動作，根據檢測電路36之檢測結果，於電池堆35過放電或過充電時，以阻斷電流路徑之方式，控制電流控制元件41、42之動作。 The charge and discharge control circuit 40 includes two current control elements 41 and 42 connected in series to a current path flowing from the battery stack 35 to the charging device 45, and a control unit 43 that controls the operations of the current control elements 41 and 42. The current control elements 41 and 42 are constituted, for example, by a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as an FET), and the gate voltage is advanced by the control unit 43. Line control is used to control the conduction and blocking of the current path of the stack 35. The control unit 43 operates by receiving power supply from the charging device 45, and controls the operation of the current control elements 41 and 42 so as to block the current path when the battery stack 35 is over-discharged or overcharged based on the detection result of the detection circuit 36.

保護元件1例如連接於電池堆35與充放電控制電路40之間之充放電電流路徑上，其動作由電流控制元件37控制。 The protection element 1 is connected, for example, to a charge and discharge current path between the battery stack 35 and the charge and discharge control circuit 40, and its operation is controlled by the current control element 37.

檢測電路36與各電池單元31~34連接，檢測各電池單元31~34之電壓值，將各電壓值供給至充放電控制電路40之控制部43。又，檢測電路36於任一個電池單元31~34成為過充電電壓或過放電電壓時輸出控制電流控制元件37之控制訊號。 The detection circuit 36 is connected to each of the battery cells 31 to 34, detects the voltage values of the battery cells 31 to 34, and supplies the respective voltage values to the control unit 43 of the charge and discharge control circuit 40. Further, the detection circuit 36 outputs a control signal for controlling the current control element 37 when any one of the battery cells 31 to 34 becomes an overcharge voltage or an overdischarge voltage.

電流控制元件37例如由FET所構成，根據自檢測電路36輸出之檢測訊號，於電池單元31~34之電壓值成為超過既定之過放電或過充電狀態之電壓時，使保護元件1動作，以無關電流控制元件41、42之開關動作地阻斷電池堆35之充放電電流路徑之方式進行控制。 The current control element 37 is composed of, for example, an FET. When the voltage value of the battery cells 31 to 34 is a voltage exceeding a predetermined overdischarge or overcharge state, the protection element 1 is operated based on the detection signal output from the detection circuit 36. Control is performed in such a manner that the switching of the current control elements 41, 42 is operative to block the charge and discharge current path of the battery stack 35.

於由如以上之構成所構成之電池組30中，適用本發明之保護元件1具有如圖6所示之電路構成。即，保護元件1係由可熔導體16及發熱體12所構成之電路構成，該可熔導體16係經由發熱體引出電極15而串聯連接，該發熱體12係利用經由可熔導體16之連接點通電使之發熱而將可熔導體16熔融。又，保護元件1中，例如，可熔導體16串聯連接於充放電電流路徑上，發熱體12透過與發熱體電極19連接之第3外部連接端子23而與電流控制元件37連接。保護元件1之第1電極13經由設於覆蓋構件17之第1外部連接端子21而連接於電池堆35側。又，保護元件1之第 2電極14經由設於覆蓋構件17之第2外部連接端子22而連接於正極端子30a側。 In the battery pack 30 constructed as described above, the protective element 1 to which the present invention is applied has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. In other words, the protective element 1 is composed of a circuit including a fusible conductor 16 and a heating element 12, and the fusible conductor 16 is connected in series via the heating element extraction electrode 15, and the heating element 12 is connected via the fusible conductor 16. The spot is energized to generate heat to melt the fusible conductor 16. Further, in the protective element 1, for example, the fusible conductor 16 is connected in series to the charge and discharge current path, and the heat generating body 12 is connected to the current control element 37 through the third external connection terminal 23 connected to the heat generating body electrode 19. The first electrode 13 of the protective element 1 is connected to the battery stack 35 side via a first external connection terminal 21 provided on the cover member 17. Also, the protection element 1 The 2 electrode 14 is connected to the positive electrode terminal 30a side via the second external connection terminal 22 provided in the cover member 17.

由此種電路構成所構成之保護元件1藉由利用發熱體12之發熱將可熔導體16熔斷，而可確實地阻斷電池組30之電流路徑。 The protective element 1 constituted by such a circuit configuration can fuse the current path of the battery unit 30 by the heat generated by the heat generating body 12 to melt the soluble conductor 16.

此外，本發明之保護元件並不限定於用於鋰離子二次電池之電池組之情形，當然亦可應用於必須根據電氣訊號阻斷電流路徑之各種用途。 Further, the protective element of the present invention is not limited to the case of a battery pack for a lithium ion secondary battery, and can of course be applied to various uses in which a current path must be blocked according to an electrical signal.

[其他實施形態1] [Other Embodiment 1]

此外，如圖7所示，保護元件1中，亦可將第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之各端子部21a,22a從覆蓋構件17之側面部17a引出至與頂面部17b相反側，並將絕緣基板11之背面側作為對電路基板之構裝面。在圖7所示之構成中亦同樣地，保護元件1由於係於絕緣基板11之表面側設有第1、第2電極13,14、發熱體12、可熔導體16等，且連接有形成有第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之覆蓋構件17，因此不需要對絕緣基板11之背面進行外部連接電極等之加工，能簡化製程。 Further, as shown in Fig. 7, in the protective element 1, the terminal portions 21a, 22a of the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 may be led out from the side surface portion 17a of the covering member 17 to the side opposite to the top surface portion 17b. The back side of the insulating substrate 11 is used as a mounting surface for the circuit board. Similarly, in the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the protective element 1 is provided with the first and second electrodes 13, 14 and the heat generating body 12, the fusible conductor 16 and the like on the surface side of the insulating substrate 11, and is connected to each other. Since the cover member 17 of the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 is provided, it is not necessary to perform external connection of the electrodes or the like on the back surface of the insulating substrate 11, and the process can be simplified.

[其他實施形態2] [Other Embodiment 2]

又，如圖8所示，保護元件1中，亦可將第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之各端子部21a,22a從覆蓋構件17之側面部17a引出至側方，並藉由表面構裝以外之方法使之與外部電路連接。在圖8所示之構成中亦同樣地，保護元件1由於係於絕緣基板11之表面側設有第1、第2電極13,14、發熱體12、可熔導體16等，且連接有形成有第1、第2外部連接端子21,22之覆蓋構件17，因此不需要對絕緣基板11之背面進行外部連接電極等之加工， 能簡化製程。 Further, as shown in FIG. 8, in the protective element 1, the terminal portions 21a, 22a of the first and second external connection terminals 21, 22 may be led out from the side surface portion 17a of the covering member 17 to the side. A method other than the surface structure is connected to an external circuit. Similarly, in the configuration shown in FIG. 8, the protective element 1 is provided with the first and second electrodes 13, 14, the heating element 12, the fusible conductor 16, and the like on the surface side of the insulating substrate 11, and is connected to each other. Since the cover member 17 of the first and second external connection terminals 21 and 22 is provided, it is not necessary to process the external connection electrode or the like on the back surface of the insulating substrate 11. Can simplify the process.

Claims (6)

一種保護元件，其具備：絕緣基板；發熱體；第1及第2電極，積層於上述絕緣基板；發熱體引出電極，電性連接於上述發熱體；可熔導體，積層於上述第1及第2電極與上述發熱體引出電極，成為跨上述第1及第2電極間之電流路徑；以及覆蓋構件，覆蓋上述絕緣基板之設有上述第1及第2電極之表面；於上述覆蓋構件，形成有與上述第1電極連接且露出至外側之第1外部連接端子、以及與上述第2電極連接且露出至外側之第2外部連接端子。 A protective element comprising: an insulating substrate; a heating element; first and second electrodes laminated on the insulating substrate; a heating element extraction electrode electrically connected to the heating element; and a fusible conductor laminated on the first and second a second electrode and the heating element extraction electrode are a current path between the first and second electrodes; and a covering member covers a surface of the insulating substrate on which the first and second electrodes are provided; and the covering member is formed There are a first external connection terminal that is connected to the first electrode and exposed to the outside, and a second external connection terminal that is connected to the second electrode and exposed to the outside. 如申請專利範圍第1項之保護元件，其中，上述第1、第2外部連接端子被引出至上述覆蓋構件之頂面側；將上述覆蓋構件之上述頂面作為對電路基板之構裝面。 The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the first and second external connection terminals are led out to a top surface side of the covering member; and the top surface of the covering member is a mounting surface of the circuit board. 如申請專利範圍第1項之保護元件，其中，上述第1、第2外部連接端子被引出至與上述覆蓋構件之頂面相反側；將上述覆蓋構件之背面側作為對電路基板之構裝面。 The protective element according to claim 1, wherein the first and second external connection terminals are led out to a side opposite to a top surface of the covering member; and the back side of the covering member is used as a mounting surface of the circuit board. . 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之保護元件，其中，上述第1、第2外部連接端子係與上述可熔導體直接連接。 The protective element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second external connection terminals are directly connected to the fusible conductor. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之保護元件，其中，上述第1、第2外部連接端子之合成電阻值較上述第1、第2電極間之電流路徑之電 阻值低。 The protection element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the combined resistance value of the first and second external connection terminals is higher than the current path between the first and second electrodes The resistance is low. 如申請專利範圍第4項之保護元件，其中，上述第1、第2外部連接端子之合成電阻值較上述第1、第2電極間之電流路徑之電阻值低。 The protective element according to claim 4, wherein the combined resistance value of the first and second external connection terminals is lower than the resistance value of the current path between the first and second electrodes.