TWI643904B - Water-based coating agent and gas barrier film - Google Patents

Water-based coating agent and gas barrier film Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI643904B
TWI643904B TW103114782A TW103114782A TWI643904B TW I643904 B TWI643904 B TW I643904B TW 103114782 A TW103114782 A TW 103114782A TW 103114782 A TW103114782 A TW 103114782A TW I643904 B TWI643904 B TW I643904B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
water
film
polyurethane resin
gas barrier
inorganic layered
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TW103114782A
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English (en)
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TW201500454A (zh
Inventor
尾村悠希
神永純一
星沙耶佳
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凸版印刷股份有限公司
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Abstract

本發明之水系被覆劑包含:含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的前述水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、前述水溶性高分子(B)及前述無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率為以下所記載的範圍。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%
水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%
無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%

Description

水系被覆劑及阻氣性薄膜
本發明係關於使用於乾燥食品‧糕點‧麵包‧美味食品等怕潮濕及怕氧的食品、及一次性暖暖包、錠劑‧粉末藥物或敷劑‧貼劑等的醫藥品包裝材料之水系被覆劑及阻氣性薄膜,並且更詳細而言,其係關於使用於需要高阻氣性與可辨識內容物的透明性之包裝領域之水系被覆劑及阻氣性薄膜。
本案係基於2013年4月25日於日本申請的特願2013-093026號而主張優先權,並在此引用其內容。
為了抑制內容物變質及腐敗等並保持食品或醫藥品等的機能及性質,使用於食品及醫藥品等的包裝之包裝材料必須有阻擋水蒸氣、氧、使其他內容物變質的氣體進入的性質(阻氣性)。
因此,以往在此等包裝材料中,設置有由具有阻氣性的材料構成的阻氣層。到目前為止,阻氣層係藉由濺鍍法或蒸鍍法、濕塗法或印刷法等而設置在薄膜或紙等基材上。又,就阻氣層而言,已使用由鋁等金屬構成的金屬箔及金屬蒸鍍膜、聚乙烯醇、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、及聚偏二氯乙烯等的樹脂膜(例如參照專利文獻1~5)。
然而,金屬箔及金屬蒸鍍薄膜雖具有優良的阻氣性,但有因不透明而無法確認內容物、因伸縮性差而在伸長數%後裂痕產生使阻氣性降低、或是在使用後廢棄時必須作為不燃物來處理等種種問題。
又,由聚偏二氯乙烯的樹脂膜構成的阻氣層雖顯示無濕度相依性的良好阻氣性,但在廢棄處理等之際,有能成為戴奧辛等有害物質的來源的可能性,而傾向於厭惡含有氯系物質的包裝材料。
另一方面,由非氯系的聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的樹脂膜構成的阻氣層雖然在低濕度空氣環境下顯示高阻氣性,但是由於有濕度相依性,因此有濕度上升並且阻氣性大為降低的缺點。
又,相較於聚偏二氯乙烯的樹脂膜或低濕度空氣環境下的聚乙烯醇的樹脂膜的阻氣性,其他的阻氣性樹脂膜的阻氣性較差。
為了改善此等樹脂膜的阻氣性,已提出一種將樹脂與無機層狀礦物複合化的樹脂膜。在此經複合化的樹脂膜中,為了使阻氣性提升,必須在膜的內部有序地分布、排列無機層狀礦物。然而,隨著有規則地分布、排列無機層狀礦物,而樹脂膜的凝集力及樹脂膜對基材的密著力會降低,因此要兼具高阻氣性與作為包裝材料的充分密著強度是極為困難的。
對此,已提出一種在前述聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物等與層狀化合物的複合體中添加水系聚胺基甲酸酯而改善前述複合體對基材的密著性之阻氣性薄 膜(例如參照專利文獻6)。然而,此阻氣性薄膜在80%以上的高濕度下的阻氣性不夠充分。
另一方面,已提出一種由胺基甲酸酯基濃度或脲基濃度高的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物構成且對基材的密著性良好、濕度相依性低之阻氣性樹脂積層薄膜(例如參照專利文獻7)。然而,此阻氣性薄膜的阻氣性比前述由聚偏二氯乙烯等構成之樹脂膜還差,作為阻氣性包裝材料的適用範圍相當有限。
此外,阻氣性薄膜在藉由在皮膜側(皮膜上)塗布黏著劑而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜中,要求隨著時間經過而不惡化的層壓強度。
[先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本國特開2001-287294號公報
[專利文獻2]日本國特開平11-165369號公報
[專利文獻3]日本國特開平6-93133號公報
[專利文獻4]日本國特開平9-150484號公報
[專利文獻5]日本國專利第3764109號公報
[專利文獻6]日本國專利第3351208號公報
[專利文獻7]日本國專利第4434907號公報
本發明係鑒於上述情況而成者,其目的在於提供一種阻氣性薄膜,其在高濕度空氣環境下的阻氣性 優良,並具有長時間作為包裝用材料的充分密著強度及膜凝集強度,而且層壓強度的惡化小。
有關本發明之第1態樣之水系被覆劑包含:含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的前述水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、前述水溶性高分子(B)及前述無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率為以下所記載的範圍。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%
水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%
無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%
在本發明之第1態樣中,前述水溶性高分子(B)較佳為皂化度為95%以上的聚乙烯醇樹脂。
在本發明之第1態樣中,前述無機層狀礦物(C)較佳為水膨潤性合成雲母。
有關本發明之第2態樣之阻氣性薄膜具備:由塑膠材料構成的基材薄膜;與形成於前述基材薄膜的一面或兩面上且以含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)為主要構成成分之皮膜,前述皮膜中所占的前述水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、前述水溶性高分子(B)及前述無機層狀礦物(C)的比率為以下的範圍。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%
水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%
無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%
在本發明之第2態樣中,前述水溶性高分子(B)較佳為皂化度為95%以上的聚乙烯醇樹脂。
在本發明之第2態樣中,前述無機層狀礦物(C)較佳為水膨潤性合成雲母。
有關本發明之第1態樣之水系被覆劑係包含水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分且將此等構成成分的固體含量摻合比率調整至指定範圍內之水系被覆劑。藉此能夠將包含水系被覆劑的皮膜作成在高濕度空氣環境下的阻氣性優良且皮膜對基材的密著性及皮膜的凝集力亦長時間良好之皮膜。藉由將前述具有皮膜之阻氣性薄膜作為包裝用材料來使用,能夠提高內容物的品質保持性並作為各式各樣的包裝用材料而活用。
有關本發明之第2態樣之阻氣性薄膜具有以水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)為主要構成成分之皮膜。而且藉由將此等構成成分的固體含量摻合比率調整至指定範圍內,能夠作成在高濕度空氣環境下的阻氣性優良、皮膜對基材的密著性及皮膜的凝集力亦長時間良好的阻氣性薄膜。藉此將黏著劑塗布於皮膜側(皮膜上),而能夠使貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜的層壓強度的惡化變小。藉由將前述積層薄 膜作為包裝用材料來使用,能夠提高內容物的品質保持性並作為各式各樣的包裝用材料而活用。
[實施發明之形態]
針對本發明之第1實施形態之水系被覆劑及本發明之第2實施形態之阻氣性薄膜的實施形態進行說明。還有,本實施形態是為了更清楚理解發明的宗旨所作的具體說明,除非另有規定,其並未限制本發明。
「水系被覆劑」
本發明之第1實施形態之水系被覆劑包含含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率為以下所記載之範圍。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%
水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%
無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%
[水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)]
就構成水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(陰離子自乳化型聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂)的酸基而言,可列舉羧基及磺酸基等。
酸基係可位於聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的末端或側鏈上, 但以至少位於側鏈上為佳。此酸基通常能夠以中和劑(鹼)進行中和而與鹼形成鹽。還有,酸基能夠與構成水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的多胺化合物的胺基(亞胺基或三級氮原子)鍵結。
聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的酸價係可在能賦予水溶性或水分散性的範圍內選擇,但較佳為5~100mgKOH/g,更佳為10~70mgKOH/g,特佳為15~60mgKOH/g。
又,從阻氣性的觀點來看,聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的胺基甲酸酯基及脲基(尿素基)的合計濃度較佳為15質量%以上,更佳為20~60質量%。
還有,胺基甲酸酯基濃度及脲基濃度是指將胺基甲酸酯基的分子量(59g/當量)或脲基的分子量(一級胺基(胺基):58/g當量、二級胺基(亞胺基):57g/當量)除以聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的重覆構成單元的分子量而得到的值。
還有,使用混合物作為聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂時,胺基甲酸酯基濃度及脲基濃度係以反應成分的供料基準、即各成分的使用比例為基準而計算出。
聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂係以至少具有剛性單元(以烴環構成的單元)與短鏈單元(例如:以烴鏈構成的單元)為佳。亦即,聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的重覆構成單元係以源自聚異氰酸酯成分、多羥酸成分、以及多元醇成分及鏈延長劑成分之中的至少一種(尤其是至少為聚異氰酸酯成分)並含有烴環(芳香族及/或非芳香族烴環)為佳。
聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的重覆構成單元中之以烴環構成的單元的比例較佳為10~70質量%,更佳為15~65質量% ,特佳為20~60質量%。
聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的數量平均分子量可適當地選擇,但較佳為800~1,000,000,更佳為800~200,000,再更佳為800~100,000。
為提高阻氣性,聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂可為結晶性。
又,聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的玻璃轉移點較佳為100℃以上(例如:100~200℃左右),更佳為110℃以上(例如:110~180℃左右),再更佳為120℃以上(例如:120~150℃左右)。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)係以在含有中和劑且上述聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂溶解或是分散在水性介質中的狀態下形成為佳。
就水性介質而言,可列舉水、水溶性溶媒、親水性溶媒、或是此等的混合溶媒,較佳為水或含有水為主成分的水性溶媒。
就親水性溶媒而言,可列舉例如:乙醇及異丙醇等醇類;丙酮及甲基乙基酮等酮類;四氫呋喃等醚類;賽路蘇類;卡必醇類;乙腈等腈類等。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)可為在水性介質中溶解上述聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的水溶液或在水性介質中分散上述聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的水分散體中的任一個形態。
在水分散體中,分散粒子(聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂粒子)的平均粒徑並沒有特殊的限定,較佳為20~500nm,更佳為25~300nm,特佳為30~200nm。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的製造方法並沒有特殊的限定,可使用丙酮法、預聚物法等一般的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的水性化技術。
又,在胺基甲酸酯化反應中,可視需要地使用胺系觸媒、錫系觸媒、鉛系觸媒等的胺基甲酸酯化觸媒。
例如:藉由在丙酮等酮類、四氫呋喃等醚類及乙腈等腈類等不活性有機溶媒中,使聚異氰酸酯化合物與多羥酸、視需要地與多元醇成分及鏈延長劑成分中的至少一種反應,而可調製水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)。更具體而言,在不活性有機溶媒(尤其是不活性有機溶媒中的親水性或水溶性的有機溶媒)中,使聚異氰酸酯化合物、多羥酸與多元醇成分反應而生成在末端具有異氰酸酯基之預聚物。接著,以中和劑中和前述預聚物並溶解或分散於水性介質後,藉由添加鏈延長劑成分使其反應且去除有機溶媒,而可調製水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)。
在水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)中,藉由使作為交聯劑的多胺化合物與聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的酸基鍵結而顯現阻氣性。
還有,多胺化合物與聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂的酸基的鍵結可為離子鍵(例如:三級胺基與羧基的離子鍵等),亦可為共價鍵(例如:醯胺鍵等)。
因此,就多胺化合物而言,可使用具有選自包含1級胺基、2級胺基及3級胺基之群組中的2種以上的鹼性氮原子的各種多胺類。
就構成水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的多胺化 合物而言,只要是與酸基鍵結且能夠提升阻氣性者,則沒有特殊的限定,可使用各種的化合物。
就多胺化合物而言,以使用胺價為100~1900mgKOH/g的多胺為佳,以使用胺價為150~1900mgKOH/g(例如:200~1700mgKOH/g)的多胺為更佳,以使用胺價為200~1900mgKOH/g(例如:300~1500mgKOH/g)的多胺為特佳。多胺化合物的胺價可為300~1900mgKOH/g左右。
[水溶性高分子(B)]
水溶性高分子(B)為在常溫下可完全溶解於水中或是可微分散於水中的高分子。
就水溶性高分子(B)而言,只要是能夠侵入、配位(嵌入)至後述無機層狀礦物(C)的單晶層間的化合物,則沒有特殊的限定,可列舉例如:聚乙烯醇及其衍生物、羧基甲基纖維素及羥基乙基纖維素等纖維素衍生物、氧化澱粉、醚化澱粉及糊精等澱粉類、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚丙烯酸及聚甲基丙烯酸或其酯、鹽類及該等的共聚物、磺基間苯二甲酸等含有極性基的共聚合聚酯、聚甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯及其共聚物等乙烯系聚合物、胺基甲酸酯系高分子、或是此等的各種聚合物的羧基等官能基經改質的聚合物等。
水溶性高分子(B)較佳為皂化度為95%以上的聚乙烯醇樹脂,聚乙烯醇樹脂的皂化度或聚合度越高,就有吸濕膨潤性越低的傾向,當皂化度為95%以上時,容易得到足夠的阻氣性。
又,在本實施形態中,水溶性高分子(B)的至少1種可為聚乙烯醇系聚合物及其衍生物,其亦可使用皂化度為95%以上且聚合度為400以上的聚乙烯醇樹脂。
聚乙烯醇樹脂的聚合度為400以上時,能夠得到阻氣性及膜凝集強度更優良的薄膜。
[無機層狀礦物(C)]
無機層狀礦物(C)係極薄的單晶層重疊形成1個層狀粒子之無機化合物。
就無機層狀礦物(C)而言,較佳為在水中膨潤和裂解者,在此等之中,特別適合使用對水具有膨潤性的黏土化合物。更具體而言,其為在極薄的單晶層間與水配位且具有吸收和膨潤的性質之黏土化合物,一般而言,其為Si4+對O2-配位而構成四面體結構的層、與Al3+、Mg2+、Fe2+及Fe3+等對O2-及OH-配位而構成八面體結構的層以1對1或是2對1的方式鍵結並堆疊形成層狀結構之化合物。此黏土化合物可為天然的物質,亦可為經合成的物質。
就無機層狀礦物(C)的代表性化合物而言,可列舉葉狀矽酸鹽礦物等含水矽酸鹽,例如:禾樂石(halloysite)、高嶺石、安德石(endellite)、狄克石(dickite)及珍珠高嶺石等高嶺石族黏土礦物;葉蛇紋石(antigorite)及纖蛇紋石(chrysotile)等葉蛇紋石族黏土礦物;微晶高嶺石(montmorillonite)、鋁膨潤石(beidellite)、鐵膨潤石(nontronite)、鎂膨潤石(saponite)、鋰膨潤石(hectorite)、鋅膨潤石(sauconite)及矽鎂石(stevensite)等 膨潤石族黏土礦物;蛭石等蛭石族黏土礦物;白雲母及金雲母等雲母;珍珠雲母、四矽酸雲母(tetra silicic mica)及鋰鎂雲母等雲母或雲母族黏土礦物等。
此等無機層狀礦物(C)係可使用1種或組合2種以上來使用。
在此等無機層狀礦物(C)之中,特佳為微晶高嶺石等膨潤石族黏土礦物、水膨潤性雲母等雲母族黏土礦物。
從縱橫比高則薄膜的阻擋性就優良的觀點來看,無機層狀礦物(C)的大小係以平均粒徑10μm以下、厚度500nm以下為佳。在無機層狀礦物(C)之中,係以至少1種為平均粒徑1~10μm、厚度10~100nm的水膨潤性合成雲母為特佳。
若使用水膨潤性的合成雲母作為無機層狀礦物(C),則由於水膨潤性的合成雲母與水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)及水溶性高分子(B)的相溶性高,其不純物比天然系的雲母還少,因此不會引起源自不純物的阻氣性的降低及膜凝集力的降低。又,水膨潤性的合成雲母因為在結晶結構內具有氟原子,所以亦有助於將包含水系被覆劑的皮膜的阻氣性的濕度相依性壓低,與其他的水膨潤性無機層狀礦物相比,因具有高縱橫比,所以迷宮效果更有效地顯現出來,特別是有助於包含水系被覆劑的皮膜的高阻氣性顯現。
本實施形態之水系被覆劑係前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的前述水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、前述水溶性高分子(B)及前述無機層狀礦物(C)的固體 含量摻合比率為以下所記載的範圍。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%
水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%
無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%
在本實施形態之水系被覆劑中,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的摻合比率為5~60質量%,較佳為5~55質量%,更佳為5~50質量%,特佳為5~45質量%。
水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的固體含量摻合比率若少於5質量%,則包含水系被覆劑的皮膜對基材薄膜的濕潤性及密著性會不足。
另一方面,水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)的固體含量摻合比率若超過60質量%,則引起包含水系被覆劑的皮膜之隨時間經過的膜凝集強度的降低。
在本實施形態之水系被覆劑中,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水溶性高分子(B)的摻合比率為25~80質量%,較佳為30~80質量%,更佳為30~75質量%,特佳為35~75質量%。
水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水溶性高分子(B)的固體含量摻合比率若少於25質量%,則作為包含水系被覆劑的皮膜的凝集強度會隨著時間的經過而降低。另一方面,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水溶性高分子(B)的固體含量摻合比率若超過80質量%,則皮膜對基材薄膜的濕潤性及密著性會不足。
在本實施形態之水系被覆劑中,認為藉由使前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水溶性高分子(B)的固體含量摻合比率變多,能夠增加前述水溶性高分子(B)配位(嵌入)於無機層狀礦物(C)的單晶層間的比例。推測藉此能夠得到層壓強度隨時間經過的惡化少的阻氣性薄膜。
在本實施形態之水系被覆劑中,前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的無機層狀礦物(C)的摻合比率為8~20質量%,較佳為8~18質量%,更佳為10~18質量%,特佳為10~15質量%。
水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率若少於8質量%,則包含水系被覆劑的皮膜無法得到足夠的阻氣性。另一方面,水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率若超過20質量%,則包含水系被覆劑的皮膜對基材薄膜的密著性、及其皮膜的凝集強度會隨著時間的經過而降低。
固體含量摻合比率於指定範圍外且皮膜的凝集強度、皮膜對基材的密著強度隨時間經過而降低時,藉由對皮膜側(皮膜上)塗布黏著劑而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜會隨時間經過而使層壓強度逐漸惡化。
又,本實施形態之水系被覆劑若添加水溶性或水分散性的反應性硬化劑,則可進一步提升基材密著性、膜凝集強度及耐水與耐溶劑性。
就反應性硬化劑而言,可列舉例如:水分散性(水溶 性)聚異氰酸酯、水分散性(水溶性)碳二醯亞胺、水溶性環氧化合物、水分散性(水溶性)唑啶酮化合物及水溶性吖環丙烷系化合物等。
再者,只要在不損害阻氣性或作為包裝用積層薄膜的強度的範圍內,本實施形態之水系被覆劑亦可含有各種添加劑。
就添加劑而言,可列舉例如:抗氧化劑、耐候劑、熱穩定劑、潤滑劑、晶核劑、紫外線吸收劑、塑化劑、抗靜電劑、著色劑、填料、界面活性劑及矽烷偶合劑等。
就溶媒而言,本實施形態之水系被覆劑亦可含有以水為主而溶解於水中或是均勻地於水中混合的溶媒。
就溶媒而言,可列舉例如:甲醇、乙醇及異丙醇等醇類;丙酮及甲基乙基酮等酮類;四氫呋喃等醚類;賽路蘇類;卡必醇類;及乙腈等腈類等。
又,本實施形態之水系被覆劑由於含有水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分,而且前述水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率係水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%、水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%、無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%,因此不包含在廢棄時可成為有害物質來源者。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)與一般的聚胺基 甲酸酯樹脂不同,因為其剛性分子骨架而有阻氣性,且與一般的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂相同,乾燥皮膜不溶於水,因此成為濕度相依性低的阻氣性皮膜。然而,水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)單質的阻氣性遠比聚偏二氯乙烯樹脂等的還差。因此,藉由添加無機層狀礦物(C),而隨著其添加量使阻氣性提升,得到與聚偏二氯乙烯樹脂同等以上的阻氣性。然而,隨著無機層狀礦物(C)的添加量增加,皮膜的凝集力會急遽地變弱,無法維持作為包裝用積層薄膜的密著強度。
又,複合化水溶性高分子(B)(例如:聚乙烯醇樹脂等)與水膨潤性無機層狀礦物(C)之阻氣性皮膜從以前就廣為人知,但皮膜的凝集力及皮膜對基材的密著強度還是會下降,因此必須加入交聯成分。
然而,交聯成分的添加會使阻氣性變高,但會妨礙均一的分子排列,已複合化水溶性高分子(B)與水膨潤性無機層狀礦物(C)之皮膜在高濕度空氣環境下的高阻氣性與充分的密著強度的兼備變得極為困難。
此外,阻氣性薄膜在藉由在皮膜側(皮膜上)塗布黏著劑而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜中,要求隨時間經過也不惡化的層壓強度。
本實施形態之水系被覆劑含有水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分,藉由將此等構成成分的固體含量摻合比率調整至指定範圍內,而能夠經過長時間還兼具包含水系被覆劑的皮膜在高濕度空氣環境下的高阻氣性、與作 為包裝用積層薄膜的足夠密著強度(膜凝集力)。
又,本實施形態之包含水系被覆劑的皮膜在高濕度空氣環境下的阻氣性優良,皮膜對基材的密著性及皮膜的凝集力亦良好,在藉由在皮膜側(皮膜上)塗布黏著劑而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜中由於層壓強度的降低少,因此藉由使用前述具有皮膜的阻氣性薄膜作為包裝用材料,而能夠提高內容物的品質保持性並作為各式各樣的包裝用材料而活用。
再者,本實施形態之水系被覆劑能夠減少在廢棄時有害物質的產生。
「阻氣性薄膜」
本發明之第2實施形態之阻氣性薄膜具備:由塑膠材料構成的基材薄膜;與形成於基材薄膜的一面或兩面上且以含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)為主要構成成分之皮膜,皮膜中所占的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)的比率為以下的範圍。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%
水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%
無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%
關於作為本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜的構成成分之皮膜中的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)的說明係與上述「水系被覆劑」中的說明相同。
在作為本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜的構成成分之皮膜中,水溶性高分子(B)較佳為皂化度為95%以上的聚乙烯醇樹脂。
又,在作為本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜的構成成分之皮膜中,無機層狀礦物(C)較佳為水膨潤性合成雲母。
水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)若少於5質量%,則皮膜與基材薄膜的濕潤性及密著性會不足。另一方面,水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)若超過60質量%,則會引起與皮膜的基材薄膜之隨時間經過的密著強度的下降。
水溶性高分子(B)若少於25質量%,則作為皮膜的凝集強度會隨著時間的經過而降低。另一方面,水溶性高分子(B)若超過80質量%,則皮膜與基材薄膜的濕潤性及密著性會不足。又,水溶性高分子(B)若超過80質量%,則高濕度空氣環境下的皮膜的阻氣性會降低。
無機層狀礦物(C)若少於8質量%,則皮膜無法得到足夠的阻氣性。另一方面,無機層狀礦物(C)若超過20質量%,則皮膜對基材薄膜的密著性及其皮膜的凝集強度會隨著時間的經過而降低。
固體含量摻合比率在指定範圍外,皮膜的凝集強度、皮膜對基材的密著強度因時間經過而下降時,在藉由在皮膜側(皮膜上)進行乾燥積層加工而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜中,因時間經過而層壓強度會逐漸惡化。
[由塑膠材料構成的基材薄膜]
就由塑膠材料構成的基材薄膜而言,可列舉例如:由聚乙烯、聚丙烯及丙烯-乙烯共聚物等聚C2-10等的烯 烴系樹脂;聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯及聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯等聚酯系樹脂;耐綸6及耐綸66的脂肪族系聚醯胺、聚間苯二甲基己二醯胺等芳香族聚醯胺等聚醯胺系樹脂;聚苯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯醇、及乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物等乙烯系樹脂;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及聚丙烯腈等(甲基)丙烯酸系單體的均聚物或共聚物等丙烯酸系樹脂;賽珞凡等構成的薄膜。此等樹脂係可使用1種或組合2種以上來使用。
就基材薄膜而言,可使用以單一樹脂構成的單層薄膜及使用多種樹脂之單層或積層薄膜。又,亦可使用在其他基材(金屬、木材、紙、陶瓷等)上積層此等樹脂的積層基材。
在此等之中,就基材薄膜而言,可適當地使用聚烯烴系樹脂薄膜(尤其是聚丙烯薄膜等)、聚酯系樹脂薄膜(尤其是聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯系樹脂薄膜)、及聚醯胺系樹脂薄膜(尤其是耐綸薄膜)等。
基材薄膜可為未延伸薄膜,亦可為單軸延伸配向薄膜或雙軸延伸配向薄膜,亦可為經表面處理(電暈放電處理等)、表塗(anchor coat)或底塗處理之薄膜。再者,基材薄膜可為積層多種樹脂或金屬等的積層薄膜。
又,基材薄膜係藉由在進行塗布的面(形成皮膜的面)上施加電暈處理、低溫電漿處理等,而得到對被覆劑的良好濕潤性與對皮膜的接著強度。
基材薄膜的厚度並沒有特殊的限定,在考慮作為包裝材料的適合性或其他皮膜的積層適合性的同時 ,根據價格及用途而適當地選擇。基材薄膜的厚度在實用上為3~200μm,較佳為5~120μm,更佳為10~100μm。
再者,本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜可視需要地具有印刷層、表塗(anchor coat)層、保護膜(overcoat)層、遮光層、黏著劑層及熱封層等。
以水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)為主要構成成分之皮膜係藉由周知的濕式塗布方法而在基材薄膜上塗布至少含有水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分的被覆劑後,乾燥去除溶媒成分而形成。
就被覆劑而言,可使用例如:上述第1實施形態之水系被覆劑。
就濕式塗布方法而言,可使用輥塗布法、凹版塗布法、逆塗法、模頭塗布法、網版印刷及噴灑塗布法等。
使用此等濕式塗布方法,在基材薄膜的一面或兩面上塗布被覆劑。
就乾燥被覆劑的方法而言,可使用熱風乾燥、熱輥乾燥及紅外線照射等周知的乾燥方法。
形成在基材薄膜上的乾燥皮膜的厚度係可根據所要求的阻氣性來進行設定。形成在基材薄膜上的乾燥皮膜的厚度較佳為0.1~5μm,更佳為0.2~2μm。
乾燥皮膜的厚度若小於0.1μm,則難以得到足夠的阻 氣性。另一方面,乾燥皮膜的厚度若超過5μm,則不僅難以設置均一的塗膜面,並導致乾燥負荷增大、製造成本增大而不佳。
本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜只要是在不損及作為阻氣性及包裝用積層薄膜的強度的範圍內,亦可包含各種添加劑。
就添加劑而言,可列舉例如:聚異氰酸酯、碳二醯亞胺、環氧化合物、唑啶酮化合物、及吖環丙烷系化合物等的反應性硬化劑、抗氧化劑、耐候劑、熱穩定劑、潤滑劑、晶核劑、紫外線吸收劑、塑化劑、抗靜電劑、著色劑、填料、界面活性劑及矽烷偶合劑等。
又,本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜係藉由積層可熱封的熱黏連層,而能夠因熱封形成可密封的阻氣性包裝用積層薄膜。
在本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜中,能夠使用聚胺基甲酸酯系、聚酯系及聚醚系等周知的黏著劑,並以周知的乾燥積層法、擠壓積層法等來積層可熱封的熱黏連層。
本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜具有以水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)為主要構成成分之皮膜,藉由將此等構成成分的固體含量摻合比率調整至指定範圍內,而在高濕度空氣環境下的阻氣性優良,且皮膜對基材的密著性及皮膜的凝集力亦長時間良好。再者,本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜在藉由在皮膜側(皮膜上)塗布黏著劑而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜中由於層壓強度的惡化小,因此藉由使用作為包裝用材 料,而能夠提高內容物的品質保持性並作為各式各樣的包裝用材料而活用。
又,本實施形態之阻氣性薄膜能夠減少在廢棄時有害物質的產生。
[實施例]
以下藉由實施例及比較例進一步具體說明本發明,惟本發明並非限於以下實施例。
[製造例]
混合45.5g的間苯二甲基二異氰酸酯(m-xylylene diisocyanate)(以下有時記載為「mXDI」)、93.9g的1,3-雙(異氰酸基甲基)環己烷(1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane)(以下有時記載為「氫化XDI」)、24.8g的乙二醇、13.4g的二羥甲基丙酸及80.2g的作為溶劑之甲基乙基酮,在氮氣環境下使其於70℃反應5小時,調製含羧基之胺基甲酸酯預聚物溶液。
接著,於40℃使用9.6g的三乙胺中和此含羧基之胺基甲酸酯預聚物溶液。
藉由均質分散機(homodisper)而使此含羧基之胺基甲酸酯預聚物溶液分散於624.8g的水中,以21.1g的2-[(2-胺基乙基)胺基]乙醇進行鏈伸長反應,藉由餾出甲基乙基酮而得到固體含量25質量%、平均粒徑90nm、酸價26.9mgKOH/g的水分散型的具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂。
接著,使用γ-(2-胺基乙基)胺基丙基甲基二甲氧基矽烷(胺價544mgKOH/g)作為多胺化合物,以酸基與鹼性氮 原子的莫耳比為1/1的比率進行混合,得到製造例1的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂。
[實施例1~24]
使用製造例的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(製造例1)、三井化學公司製的聚胺基甲酸酯分散體TAKELAC WPB-341、或三井化學公司製的聚胺基甲酸酯分散體TAKELAC WPB-363作為含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)(以下有時稱為成分(A))。
使用以下所示的3種聚乙烯醇樹脂及羧基甲基纖維素(CMC)作為水溶性高分子(B)(以下有時稱為成分(B))。
KURARAY公司製Poval PVA-105(皂化度98~99%、聚合度500)
KURARAY公司製Poval PVA-110(皂化度98~99%、聚合度1100)
KURARAY公司製Poval PVA-117(皂化度98~99%、聚合度1700)
使用水膨潤性合成雲母2種(CO-OP CHEMICAL公司製Somasif MEB-3、TOPY工業公司製NTS-5)、鈉膨潤石(TOPY工業公司製NHT-solB2)及精製微晶高嶺石(KUNIMINE工業公司製Kunipia-F)作為無機層狀礦物(C)(以下有時稱為成分(C))。
將成分(A)、成分(B)及成分(C)以表1~2所示的固體含量摻合比率進行摻合,於80℃進行加熱、混合後,冷卻至室溫,以溶媒中的10質量%為異丙醇、最終的固體 含量濃度為9%的方式,使用去離子水與異丙醇進行稀釋,而調製混合物。在塗布之前將表1~2記載的硬化劑(三井化學公司製水溶性聚異氰酸酯TAKENATE WD-725、TAKENATE WD-730)添加至前述混合物中來調製實施例1~24的水系被覆劑。
[比較例1~4]
使用DIC公司製聚酯聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂水溶液HYDRAN HW350及第一工業製藥公司製聚醚聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂水溶液Estrane H-38作為一般的水溶性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂來代替成分(A)。
使用KURARAY公司製聚乙烯醇樹脂Poval PVA-117(皂化度98~99%、聚合度1700)作為成分(B)。
使用水膨潤性合成雲母(CO-OP CHEMICAL公司製Somasif MEB-3)作為成分(C)。
將成分(A)、成分(B)及成分(C)以表3所示的固體含量摻合比率進行摻合,於80℃進行加熱、混合後,冷卻至室溫,以溶媒中的10%為異丙醇、最終的固體含量濃度為9%的方式,使用去離子水與異丙醇進行稀釋,而調製混合物。在塗布之前將表3記載的硬化劑(三井化學公司製水溶性聚異氰酸酯TAKENATE WD-725)添加至前述混合物中來調製比較例1~4的水系被覆劑。
[比較例5~18]
使用製造例的水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(製造例1)及三井化學公司製的聚胺基甲酸酯分散體TAKELAC WPB-341作為成分(A)。
使用KURARAY公司製聚乙烯醇樹脂Poval PVA-110(皂化度98~99%、聚合度1000)及羧基甲基纖維素(CMC)作為成分(B)。
使用水膨潤性合成雲母(CO-OP CHEMICAL公司製Somasif MEB-3)及精製微晶高嶺石(KUNIMINE工業公司製Kunipia-F)作為成分(C)。
將成分(A)、成分(B)及成分(C)以表3所示的固體含量摻合比率進行摻合,於80℃進行加熱、混合後,冷卻至室溫,以溶媒中的10%為異丙醇、最終的固體含量濃度為9%的方式,使用去離子水與異丙醇進行稀釋,而調製混合物。關於比較例7~9、13~18,係在塗布之前將表3記載的硬化劑(三井化學公司製水溶性聚異氰酸酯TAKENATE WD-725)添加至前述混合物中來調製比較例5~18的水系被覆劑。
使用凹板塗布機,將實施例1~24及比較例1~18的水系被覆劑塗布在Toray公司製雙軸延伸聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜P-60(厚度12μm、PET)或是三井化學Tohcello公司製雙軸延伸聚丙烯薄膜U-1(厚度20μm、OPP)的電暈處理面上,使得乾燥時塗布量成為1g/m,使其通過90℃的烘箱10秒而進行乾燥,得到實施例1~24及比較例1~18的阻氣性薄膜。
[評定]
(氧氣阻擋性)
針對實施例1~24及比較例1~18的阻氣性薄膜,使用氧氣穿透率測定裝置(MOCON公司製OXTRAN-2/20) ,在20℃、濕度80%的空氣環境下測定氧氣阻擋性,將結果顯示於表1~3。
(層壓強度)
藉由在實施例1~24及比較例1~18的阻氣性薄膜的塗布面側(塗布面上)進行乾燥積層加工,透過聚酯胺基甲酸酯系黏著劑(三井化學公司製TAKELAC A-525/三井化學公司製TAKENATE A-52)積層厚度30μm的未延伸聚丙烯薄膜(三井化學Tohcello公司製CPP GLC),在40℃養生(老化)48小時,得到積層薄膜。
將此積層薄膜切成15mm寬的條狀,利用拉伸試驗機以300mm/分鐘的速度使阻氣性薄膜以90°剝離,測定層壓強度。將結果顯示於表1~3。
(在40℃、濕度75%的條件下之2個月後層壓強度)
藉由在實施例1~24及比較例1~18的阻氣性薄膜的塗布面側(塗布面上)進行乾燥積層加工,透過聚酯胺基甲酸酯系黏著劑(三井化學公司製TAKELAC A-525/三井化學公司製TAKENATE A-52)積層厚度30μm的未延伸聚丙烯薄膜(三井化學Tohcello公司製CPP GLC),在40℃養生(老化)48小時,得到積層薄膜。進一步將此積層薄膜在40℃、濕度75%的條件下的恆溫槽保管2個月。
將此積層薄膜切成15mm寬的條狀,利用拉伸試驗機以300mm/分鐘的速度使阻氣性薄膜以90°剝離,測定層壓強度。將結果顯示於表1~3。
從表3的結果來看,比較例1~4的阻氣性薄膜由於使用未含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物的水性聚胺基甲酸酯,因此水性聚胺基甲酸酯的阻氣性低,在20℃、濕度80%的空氣環境下的氧氣穿透率的值為20cm3/(m2‧24h‧atm)以上,不能說是有充分的氧氣阻擋性。
從表3的結果來看,比較例5~12的阻氣性薄膜在有成分(A)、成分(B)、成分(C)中任一成分不存在的情況下,會導致氧氣穿透率或是層壓強度的其中一者大大地變差。
從表3的結果來看,在比較例13~18的阻氣性薄膜中,由於成分(A)、成分(B)、成分(C)中任一成分的摻合比在本實施形態之範圍外,因此導致氧氣穿透率或是層壓強度的其中一者變差。
另一方面,從表1~2的結果來看,在實施例1~24的阻氣性薄膜中,成分(A)、成分(B)、成分(C)係以本實施形態中指定的固體含量摻合比率進行摻合,在20℃、濕度80%的空氣環境下的氧氣穿透率的值為10cm3/(m2‧24h‧atm)以下時,具有良好的氧氣阻擋性。再者,實施例1~24的阻氣性薄膜即便在40℃、75%RH的空氣環境下保管2個月後,還是會維持著1.0N/15mm以上的層壓強度,並維持足夠的強度作為一般流通條件的包裝材料。
[產業上之可利用性]
本發明之阻氣性薄膜能夠兼具在高濕度空氣環境下的高阻氣性以及對基材的充分密著強度與皮膜的 凝集強度。又,本發明之阻氣性薄膜在藉由對皮膜側(皮膜上)塗布黏著劑而貼合其他薄膜的積層薄膜中,即便在高濕度空氣環境下長時間保管,隨著時間經過所造成的層壓強度的惡化亦小,因此能夠作為各種包裝材料而在各種領域中利用。本發明之阻氣性薄膜在利用作為包裝材料的情況下,經過長時間後還是能夠安定地保持內容物的品質。再者,本發明之阻氣性積層體能夠減少在廢棄時有害物質的產生。

Claims (4)

  1. 一種水系被覆劑,其包含含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)作為主要構成成分,該水系被覆劑的總固體含量中所占的該水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、該水溶性高分子(B)及該無機層狀礦物(C)的固體含量摻合比率為以下所記載的範圍:水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%、水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%、無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%;該水溶性高分子(B)為羧基甲基纖維素、或皂化度為95%以上且聚合度為400~1700的聚乙烯醇樹脂。
  2. 如請求項1之水系被覆劑,其中該無機層狀礦物(C)為水膨潤性合成雲母。
  3. 一種阻氣性薄膜,其具備由塑膠材料構成的基材薄膜;與形成於該基材薄膜的一面或兩面上且以含有具有酸基的聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂與多胺化合物之水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、水溶性高分子(B)及無機層狀礦物(C)為主要構成成分之皮膜,該皮膜中所占的該水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)、該水溶性高分子(B)及該無機層狀礦物(C)的比率為以下的範圍:水性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(A)5~60質量%、水溶性高分子(B)25~80質量%、無機層狀礦物(C)8~20質量%;該水溶性高分子(B)為羧基甲基纖維素、或皂化度為95%以上且聚合度為400~1700的聚乙烯醇樹脂。
  4. 如請求項3之阻氣性薄膜,其中該無機層狀礦物(C)為水膨潤性合成雲母。
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