TWI633219B - Verfahren zur herstellung eines strukturierten mikrofilamentvliesstoffs - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines strukturierten mikrofilamentvliesstoffs Download PDFInfo
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- TWI633219B TWI633219B TW105124990A TW105124990A TWI633219B TW I633219 B TWI633219 B TW I633219B TW 105124990 A TW105124990 A TW 105124990A TW 105124990 A TW105124990 A TW 105124990A TW I633219 B TWI633219 B TW I633219B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
- D04H1/495—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
- D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H3/011—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/016—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/018—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the shape
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/01—Surface features
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal
- D10B2503/06—Bed linen
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/08—Upholstery, mattresses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
一種用於製造結構化的微絲非織造物的方法,其中將微絲和/或可***成微絲的複合長絲紡織、拉伸成至少一個纖維層並且放線成非織造布;熱預固化非織造布;熱預固化的非織造布用受壓的受壓的介質處理,以便熱預固化至少部分地裂開;將非織造布以平放在提供結構的面上的方式經受用受壓的介質進一步載入,由此獲得結構化的微絲非織造物。 A method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven wherein the microfilaments and/or composite filaments that can be split into microfilaments are woven, drawn into at least one fibrous layer and laid out into a nonwoven fabric; hot precured Non-woven fabric; the heat pre-cured nonwoven fabric is treated with a pressurized pressurized medium such that the thermal pre-curing is at least partially cracked; the nonwoven fabric is subjected to compression in a manner lying flat on the surface providing the structure The medium is further loaded, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven.
Description
本發明涉及紡織品的領域和其應用。 The invention relates to the field of textiles and their use.
本發明尤其涉及一種用於製造結構化的微絲非織造物的方法以及用該方法製造的微絲非織造物和其應用。 More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven, and a microfilament nonwoven produced by the method and uses thereof.
非織造物是由各個纖維構成的紡織面料並且能夠用不同的製造方法、如梳理(幹法成網)、熔融紡絲(紡粘)、熔噴或者還有氣體動力學的非織造布放線(Vlieslegen)(氣流成網)獲得。 Nonwovens are woven fabrics composed of individual fibers and can be produced by different manufacturing methods such as carding (dry-laid), melt-spinning (spunbonding), melt-blown or also aerodynamic nonwovens ( Vlieslegen) (airlaid) obtained.
在熔融紡絲的情況下,聚合的物質在擠出機中被加熱並且借助紡絲泵通過紡絲噴嘴擠壓。聚合物從噴口板作為以熔融形式的線(連續絲)射出,所述線通過氣流冷卻並且從熔融物中延伸。氣流將連續絲輸送到構成為篩子的傳送帶上。通過在篩帶下方進行抽吸,線能夠在形成纖維面料的情況下定型。纖維鋪層的固化能夠通過加熱的輥子(砑光機)、通過蒸汽流或者通過(液壓-)機械的或化學的結合進行。 In the case of melt spinning, the polymerized material is heated in an extruder and extruded through a spinning nozzle by means of a spinning pump. The polymer exits from the nozzle plate as a line (continuous filament) in molten form which is cooled by the gas stream and extends from the melt. The air stream transports the continuous filaments onto a conveyor belt that is constructed as a screen. By drawing under the screen belt, the thread can be shaped in the form of a fiber fabric. The curing of the fiber layup can take place by means of heated rolls (calenders), by steam flow or by (hydraulic-) mechanical or chemical bonding.
非織造物的紡織物理特性能夠經由形成所述非織造物的纖維或長絲的化學特性和紡織物理特性來控制。在此,根據期望的化學特性或物理特性選擇纖維原材料或長絲原材料、例如關於其可染色性、化學抗性、其熱成型性或其吸收能力來選擇。纖維或長絲的模量特性和 力應變特性與材料特性相關,所述材料特性能夠通過結晶度和/或取向度和橫截面幾何形狀的選擇控制,以便影響各個纖維或長絲的抗彎剛度、力吸收或比表面積。 The textile physical properties of the nonwoven can be controlled via the chemical and textile physical properties of the fibers or filaments from which the nonwoven is formed. Here, the fiber raw material or the filament raw material is selected depending on desired chemical properties or physical properties, for example, regarding its dyeability, chemical resistance, thermoformability thereof or its absorption ability. Modulus characteristics of fibers or filaments and The force strain characteristics are related to material properties that can be controlled by the choice of crystallinity and/or degree of orientation and cross-sectional geometry to affect the bending stiffness, force absorption or specific surface area of the individual fibers or filaments.
為了改進視覺、觸覺或使用目的還已知,非織造物設有結構化部。 It is also known for improved visual, tactile or use purposes that the nonwoven is provided with a structuring.
基於人造纖維製造結構化的非織造物是已知的。這些纖維由於其長度短而具有高度的纖維可移動性進而構成整齊的結構化部。然而,使用人造纖維的缺點是:高度的可移動性在洗滌過程的機械作用下導致結構的分解。在工程中通過使用用於粘結的粘合劑克服上述缺點,這對所獲得的面料的紡織性產生不利作用。 The manufacture of structured nonwovens based on rayon is known. These fibers have a high degree of fiber mobility due to their short length to form a neat structuring. However, the disadvantage of using man-made fibers is that a high degree of mobility leads to decomposition of the structure under the mechanical action of the washing process. The above disadvantages are overcome in the engineering by using an adhesive for bonding, which adversely affects the weavability of the obtained fabric.
DE 102008033253 A1描述用於製造結構化的非織造物的方法以及設備,其中將非織造布以平放在給定結構的面上的方式經受用受壓的介質進行載入。其提出:待結構化的非織造布在用受壓的介質載入期間圍繞滾筒的環周引導,其中滾筒的表面具有產生魚骨圖案的表面結構化部。 DE 10 2008 033 253 A1 describes a method and apparatus for producing a structured nonwoven in which the nonwoven is subjected to loading with a pressurized medium in a manner lying flat on the face of a given structure. It is proposed that the nonwoven to be structured is guided around the circumference of the drum during loading with the pressurized medium, wherein the surface of the drum has a surface structuring that produces a fishbone pattern.
該方法的缺點是:非織造物的結構化圖案不非常耐抗並且尤其在機械加荷處理、如多次洗滌或染色過程時受到影響。 A disadvantage of this method is that the structured pattern of the nonwoven is not very resistant and is particularly affected by mechanical loading processes, such as multiple washing or dyeing processes.
從DE 102008061679 A1中已知一種用於預固化由纖維或長絲構成的羅紗的方法,其中利用用於水射流針刺的裝置在底板上運輸羅紗,並且其中用於水射流針刺的裝置以距承載羅紗的底板大的間距定位。 A method for pre-curing a roving consisting of fibers or filaments is known from DE 10 2008 061 679 A1, in which a roving is transported on a base plate by means of a device for water jet needling, and wherein the device for water jet needling is Positioned at a large distance from the bottom plate carrying the roving.
在該公開文獻中描述的非織造物中,結構化圖案也相對 於機械加荷的處理不是非常耐抗的。 In the nonwovens described in the publication, the structured pattern is also relative The handling of mechanical loading is not very resistant.
在此,本發明的所基於的目的在於提供結構化的非織造物,其結構化圖案相對於機械加荷的處理、如多次洗滌或染色過程也是耐抗的。非織造物同時應當提供良好的機械特性、尤其具有令人滿意的使用特性的良好的持續耐洗性,良好的熱生理學舒適性,舒適的觸覺和視覺。 Here, the invention is based on the object of providing a structured nonwoven whose structural pattern is also resistant to mechanical loading, such as multiple washing or dyeing processes. The nonwoven should at the same time provide good mechanical properties, in particular good sustained washability with satisfactory use characteristics, good thermophysiological comfort, comfortable touch and vision.
本發明涉及一種用於製造結構化的微絲非織造物的方法,其中: - 將微絲和/或可***成微絲的複合長絲紡織、拉伸成至少一個纖維層並且放線成非織造布;- 熱預固化非織造布; - 熱預固化的非織造布用受壓的介質處理,以便熱預固化至少部分地裂開; - 將非織造布以平放在提供結構的面上的方式經受用受壓的介質進一步載入,由此獲得結構化的微絲非織造物。 The present invention relates to a method for making a structured microfilament nonwoven wherein: - woven, stretched into at least one fibrous layer of microfilaments and/or composite filaments that can be split into microfilaments and laid out into a nonwoven fabric; - a thermally pre-cured nonwoven fabric; - the thermally pre-cured nonwoven is treated with a pressurized medium such that the thermal pre-curing is at least partially cracked; - The nonwoven fabric is further loaded with a compressed medium in a manner lying flat on the face providing the structure, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven.
已發現:用根據本發明的方法能夠製造具有清楚限定的結構化圖案的微絲非織造物,所述結構化圖案相對於機械加荷的處理、如多次洗滌、尤其強加荷的工業熱洗迴圈或染色過程也是耐抗的。非織造物同時顯示出出色的機械特性、尤其具有令人滿意的使用特性的良好的持續耐洗性,良好的熱生理學舒適性,舒適的觸覺和視覺。 It has been found that with the method according to the invention it is possible to produce microfilament nonwovens with clearly defined structured patterns which are treated with respect to mechanical loading, such as multiple washings, especially for intense loading. The loop or dyeing process is also resistant. Nonwovens also exhibit excellent mechanical properties, particularly good washfastness with satisfactory use characteristics, good thermophysiological comfort, comfortable touch and vision.
熱預固化是根據本發明的方法的主要的方法步驟。通過 所述方法步驟,非織造物的纖維能夠漸變地在可以毫無問題地移交給用於用受壓的介質載入的設備之前被穩定化。同時,在非織造物中結合足夠薄弱,使得所述結合能夠以簡單的方式通過用受壓的介質載入再次裂開進而至少按比例是可逆的。由此,能夠避免在結構化的時間點限制纖維可移動性。這是有利的,因為在不可逆的預固化、例如針刺的情況下,纖維可移動性的與之關聯的下降使結構化步驟變難進而無法獲得清晰結構化的圖案。此外,在不可逆的預固化的情況下,纖維設有高的復位力,這附加地對結構化圖案的穩定性和清晰度產生負面作用。由於這些原因,非織造布在本發明的優選的實施方式中不被針刺以預固化,更優選其僅僅被熱預固化。 Thermal pre-curing is the main method step of the method according to the invention. by In the method step, the fibers of the nonwoven can be stabilized before being transferred to the device for loading with the pressurized medium without any problem. At the same time, the bonding in the nonwoven is sufficiently weak that the bonding can be re-split in a simple manner by loading with a pressurized medium and is at least reversible in proportion. Thereby, it is possible to avoid limiting fiber movability at the time of structuring. This is advantageous because, in the case of irreversible pre-curing, such as needling, the associated drop in fiber mobility makes the structuring step difficult and a clear structured pattern cannot be obtained. Furthermore, in the case of irreversible pre-curing, the fibers are provided with a high restoring force, which additionally has a negative effect on the stability and clarity of the structured pattern. For these reasons, the nonwoven fabric is not needled to pre-cure in a preferred embodiment of the invention, and more preferably it is only pre-cured by heat.
與此相反,借助根據本發明的方法來獲得具有清楚限定的結構化圖案的微絲非織造物是可行的,所述結構化圖案此外令人驚訝地展示出相對於機械加荷的處理、如多次洗滌或染色過程而高的穩定性。 In contrast, it is possible to obtain a microfilament nonwoven having a clearly defined structured pattern by means of the method according to the invention, which in addition surprisingly exhibits a treatment with respect to mechanical loading, such as High stability due to multiple washing or dyeing processes.
會推測出:用根據本發明的方法製造的結構化的非織造物的有利的特性至少部分地能夠歸功於非織造布的可逆的熱預固化。熱預固化的另一正面作用在於,所述熱預固化實現運輸以及卷起和開卷進而實現離線的程序控制。此外,可逆的熱預固化也在線上程序控制時是有利的,因為所述熱預固化實現纖維在固化和結構化之間的方法步驟中穩定地保持期望的結構。 It will be presumed that the advantageous properties of the structured nonwoven produced by the process according to the invention can be attributed, at least in part, to the reversible thermal pre-curing of the nonwoven. Another positive effect of thermal pre-curing is that the thermal pre-cure enables transportation and roll-up and unwinding to enable off-line program control. Furthermore, reversible thermal pre-curing is also advantageous in on-line program control because the thermal pre-curing enables the fibers to stably maintain the desired structure during the method steps between curing and structuring.
熱預固化能夠以常用的、本領域技術人員已知的方式和方法、例如借助加熱的砑光機執行。如果包含複合長絲的非織造布用作原材料,那麼使用砑光機的優點是:已經能夠獲得輕度地扯開長絲,這 簡化稍後的***步驟並且可實現高的生產率。 Thermal pre-cure can be carried out in a manner and method which is customary, known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of a heated calender. If a nonwoven fabric comprising composite filaments is used as a raw material, the advantage of using a calender is that it has been possible to obtain a slight tearing of the filaments, which The subsequent splitting steps are simplified and high productivity can be achieved.
使用熱空氣刀、連續流動式乾燥器、例如熱空氣隧道式烘箱或者由熱空氣連續流動的滾筒“通流式乾燥器”已證明為同樣適合的。這些方法的優點是:在預固化期間未發生非織造布的不期望的壓縮並且就預纏繞或夾花(Durchmergeln)而言,預固化能夠避免可圖像上表現為“錯誤的結”,這通常對稍後的結構化過程產生有益作用。 The use of hot air knives, continuous flow dryers, such as hot air tunnel ovens or drum "flow through dryers" which continuously flow from hot air has proven to be equally suitable. The advantage of these methods is that undesired compression of the nonwoven fabric does not occur during pre-cure and, in the case of pre-wound or embossing, the pre-cure can avoid image-like representations of "wrong knots", which It usually has a beneficial effect on the later structuring process.
本領域技術人員能夠根據使用的材料、單位面積重量和期望的固化程度調節非織造布被熱預固化的強度。在例如超過130g/m2的更高的單位面積重量的情況下,借助連續流動加熱執行預固化能夠是有利的,以便確保非織造布例如在砑光機中完全加熱。 Those skilled in the art will be able to adjust the strength of the nonwoven fabric to be thermally pre-cured depending on the materials used, the weight per unit area, and the degree of cure desired. In the case of, for example, a higher basis weight of more than 130 g/m 2 , it can be advantageous to carry out the pre-curing by means of continuous flow heating in order to ensure that the nonwoven is completely heated, for example in a calender.
隨非織造布的熱預固化之後,所述非織造布用受壓的介質處理。為此,非織造布能夠毫無問題地移交給用於用受壓的介質載入的設備。這是可行的,因為通過熱預固化能夠給予如上述的非織造布足夠的穩定性。 After thermal pre-curing of the nonwoven, the nonwoven is treated with a pressurized medium. To this end, the nonwoven fabric can be handed over to the apparatus for loading with the pressurized medium without problems. This is possible because the sufficient stability of the nonwoven fabric as described above can be imparted by thermal pre-curing.
該處理用於將熱預固化至少部分地裂開。由此能夠避免在結構化的時間點限制纖維可移動性。這如上述那樣是有利的,因為由此,非織造布在緊接著的結構化步驟中能夠設有清晰結構化的圖案。 This treatment is used to at least partially rupture the thermal pre-curing. This makes it possible to avoid limiting fiber movability at the point of time of structuring. This is advantageous as described above, since the nonwoven fabric can thus be provided with a clearly structured pattern in the subsequent structuring step.
裂開的程度在此能夠以本領域技術人員已知的方式,例如通過調節壓力或處理持續時間來調整。原則上,證實為適當的是:執行非織造布的處理,使得在結構化時,熱預固化物完全地或幾乎完全地裂開。實際的試驗因此得出:預固化物的裂開越完全,那麼圖案就越清晰。雖然如此,能夠適當的是:預固化物僅部分地裂開,例如以便獲得 更強固化的非織造物。 The extent of the rupture can be adjusted here in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example by adjusting the pressure or the duration of the treatment. In principle, it has proven to be expedient to carry out the treatment of the nonwoven fabric such that, upon structuring, the hot pre-cured material ruptures completely or almost completely. The actual test thus concluded that the more complete the cracking of the pre-cured material, the clearer the pattern. Nevertheless, it can be appropriate that the pre-cured material is only partially cracked, for example in order to obtain A stronger cured nonwoven.
不同的介質能夠用作受壓的介質。使用水是尤其簡單且成本低的。為了用水載入,能夠使用用於水射流固化的常用的裝置。 Different media can be used as a pressurized medium. The use of water is especially simple and low cost. For loading with water, conventional devices for water jet curing can be used.
載入壓力的調節能夠根據所使用的材料和熱預固化裂開的期望的程度改變。通常,200bar至300bar範圍中的壓力證明為有利的。 The adjustment of the loading pressure can vary depending on the materials used and the desired degree of thermal pre-cracking. Generally, pressures in the range of 200 to 300 bar prove to be advantageous.
通過用受壓的介質載入,能夠根據所選擇的原材料和所調節的方法條件發生附加地進行不同的其他過程、如纖維的交織和/或***、纖維分離、壓縮。適宜地,非織造布在用受壓的介質載入期間圍繞滾筒的、尤其砑光機輥子的環周引導。在此,非織造布能夠平放在提供結構的面上或者也能夠平放在不提供結構的面上。 By loading with a pressurized medium, it is possible to additionally perform different other processes, such as interlacing and/or splitting of fibers, fiber separation, compression, depending on the selected raw material and the adjusted process conditions. Suitably, the nonwoven fabric is guided around the circumference of the drum, in particular the calender roll, during loading with the pressurized medium. Here, the nonwoven fabric can be placed flat on the face providing the structure or can also be placed flat on the face which does not provide the structure.
為了非織造布的結構化,根據本發明,將非織造布以平放在提供結構的面上的方式經受用受壓的介質進一步載入,由此獲得結構化的微絲非織造物。結構化圖案在此能夠構成是二維的。然而,尤其效果顯著的是:圖案構成是三維的。 For the structuring of the nonwoven fabric, in accordance with the present invention, the nonwoven fabric is subjected to further loading with a pressurized medium in a manner lying flat on the face providing the structure, thereby obtaining a structured microfilament nonwoven. The structured pattern can here be constructed in two dimensions. However, it is particularly effective that the pattern composition is three-dimensional.
有利地,兩種根據本發明的、用受壓的介質進行的處理都能夠在相同的裝置中、例如在用於水射流針刺的常用的裝置中進行。載體元件的載體表面能夠起到提供結構的面的作用,並且為了該目的而具有凸起。凸起在此構成為,使得所述凸起表現期望的圖案的負像。 Advantageously, both treatments according to the invention with a pressurized medium can be carried out in the same device, for example in a conventional device for water jet needling. The carrier surface of the carrier element can function as a face providing the structure and has a projection for this purpose. The projections are formed here such that the projections represent a negative image of the desired pattern.
以有利的方式,載體表面附加地具有穿孔作為引流開口。通過用受壓的介質載入非織造布,非織造布的纖維的至少一部分能夠通過液體從凸起向下沖洗,由此在非織造布中產生期望的圖案,其中所述纖維在用液體載入時被安置在凸起上。 In an advantageous manner, the carrier surface additionally has perforations as drainage openings. By loading the nonwoven with a compressed medium, at least a portion of the fibers of the nonwoven can be rinsed down from the projections by the liquid, thereby creating a desired pattern in the nonwoven, wherein the fibers are loaded with liquid The entrance is placed on the bulge.
在本發明的優選的實施方式中,載體元件構成為優選穿孔的滾筒。在該實施方式中,待結構化的非織造布適宜地在用受壓的介質載入期間在結構化的帶上並且尤其圍繞滾筒的環周引導。由此,尤其簡單且合理的程序控制是可行的。 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier element is formed as a preferably perforated drum. In this embodiment, the nonwoven fabric to be structured is suitably guided on the structured belt during the loading with the pressurized medium and in particular around the circumference of the drum. Thus, particularly simple and reasonable program control is possible.
除非織造布的結構化之外,也能夠發生其他過程,如熱預固化的進一步裂開、纖維的交織和/或起氈、壓縮、纖維分離。只要非織造布包含複合長絲,那麼其***就適宜地在這些方法步驟期間中進行。 Other processes, such as further cracking of the thermal pre-cure, interlacing of the fibers, and/or felting, compression, fiber separation, can occur unless the woven fabric is structured. As long as the nonwoven comprises composite filaments, its splitting is suitably carried out during these process steps.
用根據本發明的方法,通過變化載體表面上的凸起的形狀,能夠製造具有不同圖案的非織造物。因此,凸起例如能夠構成是點狀的、環狀的、條紋狀的、線狀的、波浪狀的、菱形的。圖案的圖形的設計方案同樣是可考慮的,由此能夠對非織造物配設圖像,所述圖像與紙張中已知的浮水印類似。如果在非織造物中形成穿孔,那麼載體表面能夠具有帶有多邊形的、圓形的、半圓形的或橢圓形的橫截面形狀的凸起。 With the method according to the invention, nonwovens having different patterns can be produced by varying the shape of the projections on the surface of the carrier. Therefore, the projections can be formed, for example, in a dot shape, a ring shape, a stripe shape, a linear shape, a wave shape, or a rhombus shape. A design of the pattern of the pattern is also conceivable, whereby an image can be assigned to the nonwoven, which is similar to the known watermark in paper. If a perforation is formed in the nonwoven, the surface of the carrier can have a projection with a polygonal, circular, semi-circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape.
引入的結構化圖案的類型能夠根據期望的視覺來選擇。因此,非織造物例如能夠設有波浪圖案、魚骨圖案、小塊圖案或紡織品圖案、如平紋織物、斜紋織物、緞紋織物(Atlasgewebe)、雙層織物和/或提花圖案。同樣可考慮非織造物設有穿孔。 The type of structured pattern introduced can be selected according to the desired vision. Thus, the nonwoven can, for example, be provided with a wave pattern, a fishbone pattern, a patchwork pattern or a textile pattern, such as a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, a double layer fabric and/or a jacquard pattern. It is also conceivable for the nonwoven to be provided with perforations.
在該方法步驟中,不同的介質並且優選水也能夠用作受壓的介質。 In this method step, different media and preferably water can also be used as the pressurized medium.
載入壓力的調節能夠根據使用的材料和期望的結構化結果改變。通常在200巴至300巴的範圍中的壓力已證明為適宜的。 The adjustment of the loading pressure can vary depending on the materials used and the desired structuring results. Pressures typically in the range of 200 to 300 bar have proven to be suitable.
如上述那樣,載體表面有利地具有穿孔作為引流開口以移除用於載入的介質。然而,替選地和/或附加地,介質也能夠在單獨的方法步驟中移除。 As mentioned above, the carrier surface advantageously has perforations as drainage openings to remove the medium for loading. Alternatively, and/or additionally, the medium can also be removed in a separate method step.
在用受壓的介質載入時,即使在熱預固化的裂開的範圍中或在結構化的範圍中,那麼如本領域技術人員已知的那樣,微絲能夠彼此交織並且固化。 When loaded with a pressurized medium, the microfilaments can interweave and solidify one another, as is known to those skilled in the art, even in the range of cracking of the thermal pre-curing or in the range of structuring.
微絲的特徵在於小於1分特的非常小的中等的纖度。使用微絲有的優點是:由於長絲的小的抗彎剛度,能夠實現尤其清楚限定的結構化圖案,以及結構化的非織造物的繼續加工是尤其簡單的。 Microfilaments are characterized by very small medium deniers of less than 1 dtex. The use of microfilaments has the advantage that, due to the low bending stiffness of the filaments, a particularly clearly defined structured pattern can be achieved, and that the continued processing of the structured nonwoven is particularly simple.
在本發明的優選的實施方式中,微絲具有在0.1分特和0.5分特之間並且尤其0.15分特至0.3分特之間的纖度。已發現:在這些纖度範圍中能夠實現結構化部的良好的穩定性(長絲的滑動抗性),並且結構化部不趨向於萎縮。使用例如0.05分特至0.3分特的還更細的纖度能夠引起結構化部的還更好的穩定性,然而,由於微絲的越來越變小的抗彎剛度,在此也提高三維結構至萎縮的趨向。 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microfilaments have a titer between 0.1 dtex and 0.5 dtex and especially between 0.15 dtex and 0.3 dtex. It has been found that good stability of the structuring (sliding resistance of the filaments) can be achieved in these denier ranges, and that the structuring does not tend to shrink. The use of still finer deniers, for example from 0.05 dtex to 0.3 dtex, can lead to better stability of the structuring part, however, due to the increasingly smaller bending stiffness of the microfilaments, the three-dimensional structure is also increased here. To the trend of shrinking.
根據本發明,術語長絲理解為不同於人造纖維而具有理論上無限長度的纖維。使用長絲相對于人造纖維有利的優點是:由其製造的非織造物的機械強度:隨著纖維長度的增加,與其他纖維的摩擦點(或結合點)的數量提高。短的纖維因此具有更少的摩擦點,在紡織品負載時,纖維能夠容易移動並且容易從紡織品抽出。 According to the invention, the term filament is understood to mean a fiber of theoretically infinite length which is different from rayon. The advantage of using filaments relative to rayon is the mechanical strength of the nonwoven produced therefrom: as the length of the fiber increases, the number of friction points (or joints) with other fibers increases. Short fibers therefore have fewer points of friction, and the fibers can be easily moved and easily extracted from the textile when the textile is loaded.
隨著纖維長度增加,滑動抗性和必需的力也隨著摩擦點(或結合點)的數量而提高,以便從複合結構抽出纖維。在纖維長度非 常大的情況下,這完全不再是成功的,使得僅能夠通過扯斷纖維發生紡織品的破壞。 As the fiber length increases, the sliding resistance and the necessary force also increase with the number of friction points (or bonding points) to extract the fibers from the composite structure. Non-fiber length In the case of Changda, this is no longer a success at all, so that the destruction of the textile can only occur by breaking the fibers.
用於構成微絲和/或複合長絲的材料能夠根據由所述材料製成的結構化的非織造物的期望的特性選擇。對於根據本發明的方法重要是:長絲是至少按比例可熱固化。這是有利的,因為因此能夠放棄纖維的化學結合或針刺或預交織。 The materials used to form the microfilaments and/or composite filaments can be selected based on the desired properties of the structured nonwoven made from the materials. It is important for the method according to the invention that the filaments are heat curable at least in proportion. This is advantageous because it is therefore possible to dispense with the chemical bonding of the fibers or the needling or pre-interlacing.
微絲和/或複合長絲已證明適合極其不同的使用目的,所述微絲和/或複合長絲包括熱塑性聚合物、如聚烯烴、尤其聚乙烯和/或由熱塑性聚合物、尤其上述熱塑性聚合物構成。 Microfilaments and/or composite filaments have proven to be suitable for very different purposes of use, said microfilaments and/or composite filaments comprising a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and/or from a thermoplastic polymer, in particular a thermoplastic as described above. Polymer composition.
為了能夠工業安全地執行熱預固化而有利的是:微絲和/或複合長絲具有至少兩種不同的聚合物,所述聚合物的熔點相差至少10℃、例如10℃至30℃、更優選至少15℃,例如15℃至25℃並且尤其至少20℃,例如20℃至25℃,例如為PET(256℃)和PA6(225℃)。在此對於上述方法有利的是:所使用的聚合物是不相容的、不可混合的並且進而也不可彼此粘合。 In order to be able to carry out thermal pre-curing industrially safely, it is advantageous if the microfilaments and/or composite filaments have at least two different polymers which differ in melting point by at least 10 ° C, for example from 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more It is preferably at least 15 ° C, for example 15 ° C to 25 ° C and especially at least 20 ° C, such as 20 ° C to 25 ° C, such as PET (256 ° C) and PA 6 (225 ° C). It is advantageous here for the above-mentioned method that the polymers used are incompatible, non-mixable and, in turn, not bondable to one another.
為了實現充足程度的熱預固化,還有利的是,熱塑性聚合物在非織造布中的份額占至少20重量%、優選25重量%至100重量%、還優選40重量%至100重量%、更優選50重量%至100重量%、更優選60重量%至100重量%、更優選70重量%至100重量%、更優選80重量%至100重量%並且尤其90重量%至100重量%。 In order to achieve a sufficient degree of thermal pre-cure, it is also advantageous if the proportion of thermoplastic polymer in the nonwoven comprises at least 20% by weight, preferably from 25% to 100% by weight, still more preferably from 40% to 100% by weight, more It is preferably 50% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably 60% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 80% by weight to 100% by weight and especially 90% by weight to 100% by weight.
為了實現充分地影響微絲而有利的是,以這種種類和數量使用微絲和/或複合長絲並且必要時調節***程度,使得微絲的份額按 非織造物的總重量計占至少70重量%、優選70重量%至100重量%,並且尤其大約100重量%。 In order to achieve a sufficient effect on the microfilaments, it is advantageous to use the microfilaments and/or composite filaments in this kind and amount and to adjust the degree of splitting if necessary so that the fraction of microfilaments is The total weight of the nonwoven comprises at least 70% by weight, preferably from 70% to 100% by weight, and especially about 100% by weight.
原則上能夠考慮:非織造物也具有非微絲的其他纖維。然而,在這種情況下有利的是:其他纖維的份額不調節得過高,因為纖維相對於提供結構的面的順從性(Anschmiegsamkeit)隨著纖維纖度提高而減小。在該背景下,假如存在,具有超過1分特的纖度的其他纖維的份額根據本發明優選為最高25重量%、更優選最高10重量%並且尤其不存在其他纖維。 In principle it can be considered that the nonwoven also has other fibers which are not microfilaments. In this case, however, it is advantageous if the proportion of the other fibers is not adjusted too high, since the compliance of the fibers with respect to the surface providing the structure decreases as the fiber titer increases. In this context, if present, the proportion of other fibers having a denier of more than 1 dtex is preferably up to 25% by weight, more preferably up to 10% by weight and in particular no other fibers, according to the invention.
根據本發明,優選地,非織造布基於可***成微絲的複合長絲來製造。尤其地,在非織造布中的複合長絲的份額優選調節到超過70重量%、更優選超過80重量%、更優選超過90重量%並且更優選超過95重量%。複合長絲由至少兩種基本長絲構成,並且能夠通過用受壓的介質載入、例如水射流針刺,如本領域技術人員已知的那樣,***成微絲並且固化。 According to the present invention, preferably, the nonwoven fabric is produced based on composite filaments that can be split into microfilaments. In particular, the proportion of composite filaments in the nonwoven fabric is preferably adjusted to more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 80% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight and more preferably more than 95% by weight. The composite filaments are composed of at least two basic filaments and can be split into microfilaments and cured by being loaded with a pressurized medium, such as a water jet, as known to those skilled in the art.
在此,通過***獲得的微絲具有小於1分特,優選在0.1分特和0.5分特之間並且尤其0.15分特至0.3分特的纖度。已發現:在這些纖度範圍中能夠實現結構化部的良好的穩定性(長絲的滑動抗性)並且結構化部不趨向至萎縮。如上述那樣,使用例如0.05分特至0.3分特的更細的纖度也是可行的。 Here, the microfilament obtained by the split has a titer of less than 1 dtex, preferably between 0.1 dtex and 0.5 dtex and especially 0.15 dtex to 0.3 dtex. It has been found that good stability of the structuring (sliding resistance of the filaments) can be achieved in these denier ranges and that the structuring does not tend to shrink. As described above, it is also possible to use a finer fineness of, for example, 0.05 dtex to 0.3 dtex.
複合長絲用作原材料來製造微絲的優點是:由所述複合長絲產生的微絲的纖度能夠以簡單的方式通過改變包含在複合長絲中的微絲的數量來調節。在此,複合長絲的纖度能夠保持恒定,這在過程方 面是有利的。 The advantage of using composite filaments as raw materials for making microfilaments is that the fineness of the microfilaments produced by the composite filaments can be adjusted in a simple manner by varying the number of microfilaments contained in the composite filaments. Here, the fineness of the composite filament can be kept constant, which is in the process side. The surface is beneficial.
使用複合長絲的另外的優點是:非織造物製造能夠無需使用溶劑、化學接合劑且能夠以最小的過程步驟來執行。因為在結構化時也能夠放棄使用溶劑,因此可行的是,有利地以對環境極無害的且成本低的方式執行根據本發明的方法。因此可行的是:用根據本發明的非織造物來滿足生態紡織標準100、1級產品等級的要求。 An additional advantage of using composite filaments is that nonwoven manufacturing can be performed without the use of solvents, chemical cements, and with minimal process steps. Since the use of the solvent can also be dispensed with during structuring, it is possible to advantageously carry out the method according to the invention in a manner that is extremely harmless to the environment and cost-effective. It is therefore feasible to use the nonwoven according to the invention to meet the requirements of the eco-textile standard 100, 1 product grade.
使用複合長絲的另外的優點是:所述複合長絲能夠以簡單的方式通過用受壓的介質載入,在熱預固化的裂開和/或結構化期間***並且固化。在此,***程度有利地調節到超過70重量%、更優選超過80重量%、更優選超過90重量%並且更優選超過95重量%。 An additional advantage of using composite filaments is that the composite filaments can be split and cured during the cracking and/or structuring of the thermal pre-curing by loading with a pressurized medium in a simple manner. Here, the degree of splitting is advantageously adjusted to more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 80% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight and more preferably more than 95% by weight.
在本發明的實施方式中,非織造布在熱預固化之後被卷起,必要時被臨時存儲,並且提供用於繼續加工(離線的程序控制)。然而,直接隨熱預固化之後,執行用受壓的介質進行的處理(線上的程序控制)同樣是可考慮的。 In an embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven fabric is rolled up after thermal pre-cure, temporarily stored if necessary, and provided for continued processing (offline program control). However, after direct pre-curing with heat, performing the processing with the pressurized medium (program control on the line) is also conceivable.
微絲和作為原材料用於製造微絲的複合長絲能夠通過本領域技術人員已知的方式和方法製造。尤其熔融紡絲(紡粘)是適合的方法。 Microfilaments and composite filaments used as raw materials for the manufacture of microfilaments can be made by methods and methods known to those skilled in the art. In particular, melt spinning (spunbonding) is a suitable method.
為了製造微絲和/或複合長絲,聚合物質能夠在壓力下,例如在擠出機中加熱並且通過雙組分噴嘴或多組分噴嘴擠壓,其中產生連續絲。在從擠出機噴嘴射出之後,連續絲能夠延伸並且借助動態的放線方法在傳送帶上在形成纖維層的情況下以沿橫向方向轉向的方式定位。連續絲的沿橫向方向轉向的定位的優點是:由此提高非織造物的機 械特性的各向同性。 To produce microfilaments and/or composite filaments, the polymeric mass can be heated under pressure, such as in an extruder, and extruded through a two-component nozzle or multi-component nozzle, wherein a continuous filament is produced. After exiting from the extruder nozzle, the continuous filaments can be extended and positioned by means of a dynamic pay-off method on the conveyor belt in the case of forming a fibrous layer in a transverse direction. The advantage of the positioning of the continuous filaments in the transverse direction is that the machine for increasing the nonwoven is thereby The isotropy of mechanical properties.
複合長絲能夠具有對於製造裂纖維已知的極其不同的橫截面,例如具有柳丁狀的或也稱為“餡餅(Pie)”的多區段結構的橫截面,其中區段能夠包含不同的、交替不相容的聚合物。 The composite filaments can have extremely different cross sections known for the manufacture of split fibers, such as cross sections of a multi-segment structure having a willow shape or also referred to as "Pie", wherein the segments can contain different , alternating incompatible polymers.
在此,纖維的餡餅式設置例如能夠具有2個、4個、8個、16個、24個、32個區段或者64個區段,使得複合長絲相應地由2條、4條、8條、16條、24條、32條或64條微絲構成。空心餡餅結構同樣是適合的,所述空心餡餅結構也能夠具有非對稱軸向伸展的空腔。餡餅結構、尤其空心餡餅結構尤其能夠容易地被***。 In this case, the pie-shaped arrangement of the fibers can have, for example, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 segments, so that the composite filaments are correspondingly 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 microfilaments. A hollow pie structure is also suitable, and the hollow pie structure can also have an asymmetrical axially extending cavity. The pie structure, in particular the hollow pie structure, can in particular be easily split.
在此,微絲能夠在橫截面中構成是n邊形的,或多葉片的。 Here, the microwires can be formed in the cross section to be n-sided or multi-bladed.
在本發明的優選的實施方式中,複合長絲包括不同的長絲,所述長絲包含至少兩種優選不相容的、熱塑性的聚合物。由此能夠實現尤其簡單的***並且同時獲得多組分非織造物。 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite filaments comprise different filaments comprising at least two preferably incompatible, thermoplastic polymers. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly simple splitting and at the same time to obtain a multicomponent nonwoven.
不相容的聚合物應理解為如下聚合物,所述聚合物以組合的方式產生不粘合的、僅有條件地粘合的或難於粘合的配對。這種複合長絲具有***成微絲的良好的***性並且引起強度與單位面積重量的適宜的比例。使用不相容的聚合物的另外的優點是:在熱預固化時實現的粘接在緊接著用受壓的介質處理時能夠更容易裂開,並且由於由此實現的提高的纖維可移動性引起非織造物的可結構化性的改進。 Incompatible polymers are understood to mean polymers which, in combination, produce a non-bonded, conditionally bonded or difficult to bond pair. Such composite filaments have good splitting properties that split into microfilaments and cause a suitable ratio of strength to basis weight. A further advantage of using incompatible polymers is that the bonding achieved during thermal pre-curing can be more easily cracked immediately after treatment with a pressurized medium, and due to the improved fiber mobility achieved thereby It causes an improvement in the structurability of the nonwoven.
在本發明的根據本發明的實施方式中,有利的是:微絲包括至少兩種、由不同的不相容的聚合物構成的微絲,其中在所述實施方式中,非織造布已經包含微絲。 In an embodiment of the invention according to the invention, it is advantageous if the microfilament comprises at least two microfilaments composed of different incompatible polymers, wherein in the embodiment the nonwoven has been included Microfilament.
複合長絲優選包含至少一種不相容的聚合物對。優選聚烯烴、聚酯、聚醯胺和/或聚氨酯以這種組合的方式用作不相容的聚合物對,使得產生不粘合的、僅有條件地粘合或難於粘合的配對。當***具有這些配對的複合長絲比在僅由所使用的聚合物中的一種構成的複合長絲中更簡單時,才存在僅有條件地粘合的配對或難於粘合的配對。 The composite filaments preferably comprise at least one incompatible polymer pair. Preferably, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamines and/or polyurethanes are used in such a combination as incompatible polymer pairs such that a non-bonded, conditionally bonded or difficult to bond pair is produced. When splitting a composite filament having these pairs is simpler than in a composite filament composed of only one of the polymers used, there is a pair that is only conditionally bonded or difficult to bond.
使用的聚合物對尤其優選選自:具有至少一種聚烯烴和/或至少一種聚醯胺,優選具有聚乙烯、如聚丙烯/聚乙烯、聚醯胺6/聚乙烯或聚對苯二甲酸二乙酯/聚乙烯,或具有聚丙烯,如聚丙烯/聚乙烯、聚醯胺6/聚丙烯或聚對苯二甲酸二乙酯/聚丙烯的聚合物對。 The polymer pair used is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of: having at least one polyolefin and/or at least one polyamine, preferably having a polyethylene, such as polypropylene/polyethylene, polyamine 6/polyethylene or polyterephthalic acid. Ethyl acetate/polyethylene, or a polymer pair having a polypropylene such as polypropylene/polyethylene, polyamine 6/polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene.
更尤其優選的是具有至少一種聚酯和/或至少一種聚醯胺的聚合物對。 More particularly preferred are polymer pairs having at least one polyester and/or at least one polyamine.
具有至少一種聚醯胺或具有至少一種聚對苯二甲酸二乙酯的聚合物對由於其有條件的粘結性而優選地被使用,並且具有至少一種聚烯烴的聚合物對由於其困難的粘結性而被尤其優選地使用。 A polymer having at least one polyamine or having at least one polyethylene terephthalate is preferably used because of its conditional adhesion, and a polymer pair having at least one polyolefin is difficult due to its It is especially preferably used for adhesion.
聚酯,優選聚對苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚乳酸和/或聚對苯二甲酸二丁酯一方,聚醯胺,優選聚醯胺6、聚醯胺66、聚醯胺46另一方,必要時以與一個或多個其他與上述組分不相容的聚合物,優選選自聚烯烴的聚合物組合已證明為是尤其適宜的。該組合具有出色的可***性。更尤其優選的是由聚對苯二甲酸二乙酯和聚醯胺6構成的或由聚對苯二甲酸二乙酯和聚醯胺66構成的組合。 Polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid and/or polybutylene terephthalate, polyamine, preferably polyamine 6, polyamine 66, polyamine 46, It has proven to be particularly suitable if necessary in combination with one or more other polymers which are incompatible with the abovementioned components, preferably polymers selected from polyolefins. This combination has excellent cleavability. More particularly preferred is a combination of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamido 6 or a combination of polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 66.
用於製造微絲和/或複合長絲的聚合物能夠包含至少一種添加劑,所述添加劑選自:顏料、抗靜電劑、抗微生物劑如銅、銀、金, 或150ppm至10重量%的量的親水性添加劑或疏水性添加劑。在所使用的聚合物中使用上述添加劑允許匹配客戶具體的要求。 The polymer used to make the microfilaments and/or composite filaments can comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, antistatic agents, antimicrobial agents such as copper, silver, gold, Or a hydrophilic additive or a hydrophobic additive in an amount of from 150 ppm to 10% by weight. The use of the above additives in the polymers used allows matching to the specific requirements of the customer.
可考慮表面的抗靜電裝備,以及其設有護理物質。同樣可以考慮:對非織造物後學配備親水的、疏水的或抗靜電的紡絲浸漬劑,以及其設有護理物質。也可考慮的是:用於表面改性的添加劑已經在連續絲產生時輸入到擠出機中。在物料染色時也不需要事後的染色,因為顏料能夠在連續絲產生時已經引入到擠出機中。 Antistatic equipment for the surface can be considered, as well as with a care substance. It is also conceivable to equip the nonwoven with a hydrophilic, hydrophobic or antistatic spinning impregnating agent and to provide a care substance. It is also conceivable that the additives for surface modification have been fed into the extruder during the production of continuous filaments. It is also not necessary to dye after the dyeing of the material, since the pigment can already be introduced into the extruder at the time of continuous filament production.
此外,非織造物能夠經受化學類型的結合或精化,例如抗起球處理、親水化、抗靜電處理、用於改進耐火強度和/或用於改變觸覺特性或光澤的處理,機械類型的處理或在轉臂(Tumbler)中處理和/或用於改變外觀如顏色或印花的處理。 Furthermore, the nonwoven can withstand chemical type bonding or refining, such as anti-pilling treatment, hydrophilization, antistatic treatment, treatment for improving fire resistance and/or for changing tactile properties or gloss, mechanical type treatment Or processed in a tumbler and/or used to change the appearance of a color or print.
此外,本發明涉及一種能夠用根據本發明的方法製造的、結構化的非織造物。如上述那樣,非織造物的特徵尤其在於,其結構化圖案被非常清晰刻畫輪廓,並且此外相對於機械加荷的處理、如多次洗滌或染色過程也是耐抗的。因此能夠確定:例如根據本發明的非織造物經過根據DIN EN ISO 6330在90℃下家用洗滌迴圈30次之後也仍具有可良好視覺和/或觸覺識別的結構化圖案。 Furthermore, the invention relates to a structured nonwoven which can be produced by the method according to the invention. As mentioned above, the nonwoven is characterized in particular in that its structured pattern is very clearly contoured and is also resistant to mechanical loading, such as multiple washing or dyeing processes. It can thus be determined that, for example, the nonwoven according to the invention still has a structured pattern which is well visually and/or tactilely recognized after 30 times of home washing loops at 90° C. according to DIN EN ISO 6330.
此外,非織造物由於微絲也在單位面積重量小的情況下顯示出良好的機械特性,經受得住機械嚴苛的染色過程(噴染)的結構化、具有令人滿意的使用特性的良好的持續耐洗性、良好的熱生理學舒適性、高的細度、密度、出色的清洗功效、高的輕質性、消音特性以及舒適的觸覺和視覺。 In addition, the nonwoven exhibits good mechanical properties due to the small weight per unit area of the microfilament, is structurally resistant to mechanically severe dyeing processes (spraying), and has good satisfactory use characteristics. Continuous washability, good thermophysiological comfort, high fineness, density, excellent cleaning efficiency, high light weight, sound-absorbing properties and comfortable touch and vision.
相對於不執行預固化的非織造物,根據本發明的非織造物的特徵在於:結構化部被非常清洗地壓印。因此,在穿孔作為結構化圖案時例如應識別出:這些穿孔基本上不含覆蓋孔的或跨接孔的纖維。令人驚訝地,當熱預固化在壓印之前完全裂開時,那麼也關於會觀察到該效果。在本發明的優選的實施方式中,根據本發明的非織造物不存在針刺和/或通過接合劑固化。 The nonwoven according to the invention is characterized in that the structuring is embossed very cleanly with respect to the nonwoven which does not perform pre-curing. Thus, when perforations are used as structured patterns, it should be recognized, for example, that the perforations are substantially free of fibers that cover the apertures or span the apertures. Surprisingly, when thermal pre-cure is completely split before embossing, then this effect is also observed. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven according to the invention is free of needling and/or curing by a bonding agent.
此外,相對於後續的熱引入的結構化部,非織造物能夠設有結構化圖案,所述結構化圖案不相對于非織造物的殘餘物硬化。與鈕扣孔的硬化類似地,纖維通過該結構化過程也不被破壞,而是未受損的長絲僅被推動到孔結構的邊緣處並且在那彼此糾纏。由此,所述纖維也能夠完全地繼續有助於紡織品的機械強度。非織造物能夠具有極其不同的結構化部,例如波浪圖案、魚骨圖案、羅紋或紡織品圖案、如平紋、斜紋、緞子圖案(Altas-)、雙層織物和/或提花圖案和/或穿孔。 Furthermore, the nonwoven can be provided with a structured pattern that does not harden relative to the residue of the nonwoven, relative to the subsequent thermally introduced structuring. Similar to the hardening of the buttonholes, the fibers are not destroyed by this structuring process, but the undamaged filaments are only pushed to the edges of the pore structure and entangled there. Thereby, the fibers can also continue to contribute to the mechanical strength of the textile. Nonwovens can have extremely different structuring portions, such as wavy patterns, fishbone patterns, ribs or textile patterns, such as plain, twill, satin-patterns (Altas-), double-layer fabrics and/or jacquard patterns and/or perforations.
根據本發明,優選地,非織造物具有至少部分地***成微絲的且彼此交織的複合長絲,所述微絲具有小於1分特,優選在0.1分特和0.5分特之間並且尤其0.15分特至0.3分特的中等纖度。在此,***的微絲的份額按非織造物的總重量計占優選至少70重量%,優選70重量%至100重量%,並且尤其大約100重量%。 According to the invention, preferably, the nonwoven has composite filaments which are at least partially split into microfilaments and interwoven with one another, said microfilaments having less than 1 dtex, preferably between 0.1 dtex and 0.5 dtex and especially Medium denier of 0.15 dtex to 0.3 dtex. In this case, the proportion of split microfilaments is preferably at least 70% by weight, preferably from 70% to 100% by weight, and especially about 100% by weight, based on the total weight of the nonwoven.
如上述那樣,非織造物優選具有微絲和/或至少部分***的複合長絲,所述複合長絲包含熱塑性聚合物、如聚烯烴、尤其聚乙烯和/或由熱塑性聚合物、尤其上述熱塑性聚合物構成。 As mentioned above, the nonwoven preferably has microfilaments and/or at least partially split composite filaments comprising a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and/or from a thermoplastic polymer, in particular a thermoplastic as described above. Polymer composition.
如上述那樣,微絲和/或至少部分***的複合長絲以有利 的方式包含不同的、交替不相容的聚合物。優選地,如上述那樣,微絲和/或複合長絲包括至少兩種不相容的聚合物。 As described above, the microfilaments and/or at least partially split composite filaments are advantageous The way contains different, alternating incompatible polymers. Preferably, as described above, the microfilaments and/or composite filaments comprise at least two incompatible polymers.
同樣有利的是:在非織造物中熱塑性聚合物的份額為至少20重量%,優選25重量%至100重量%、更優選40重量%至100重量%、更優選50重量%至100重量%、更優選60重量%至100重量%、更優選70重量%至100重量%、更優選80重量%至100重量%並且尤其90重量%至100重量%。 It is likewise advantageous if the proportion of thermoplastic polymer in the nonwoven is at least 20% by weight, preferably from 25% to 100% by weight, more preferably from 40% to 100% by weight, more preferably from 50% to 100% by weight, It is more preferably 60% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 70% by weight to 100% by weight, still more preferably 80% by weight to 100% by weight and especially 90% by weight to 100% by weight.
在本發明的優選的實施方式中,非織造物的單位面積重量小於50g/m2,例如20g/m2至50g/m2、更優選20g/m2至40g/m2並且尤其25g/m2至35g/m2。根據本發明,根據DIN EN 29073測量單位面積重量。 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven has a basis weight of less than 50 g/m 2 , such as from 20 g/m 2 to 50 g/m 2 , more preferably from 20 g/m 2 to 40 g/m 2 and especially 25 g/m. 2 to 35 g/m 2 . According to the invention, the basis weight is measured in accordance with DIN EN 29073.
在這種超輕的類別中,結構化圖案尤其能夠對微絲的分佈的均勻性產生正面作用並且簡化加工。這可實現製造三維的結構化的非織造物,所述非織造物比出自其他製造方法的類似使用特性的輕重量的布料明顯更輕。此外,由於微絲的密度和細度,儘管其單位面積重量小,但該非織造物提供期望的出色的清洗功效。 In this ultra-light category, the structured pattern is particularly capable of positively affecting the uniformity of the distribution of the microfilaments and simplifies processing. This enables the manufacture of three-dimensional structured nonwovens that are significantly lighter than light weight fabrics of similar use characteristics from other manufacturing methods. Furthermore, due to the density and fineness of the microfilaments, the nonwoven provides the desired excellent cleaning efficacy despite its small basis weight.
在本發明的另一優選的實施方式中,非織造物的單位面積重量超過50g/m2,例如50g/m2至130g/m2、更優選70g/m2至120g/m2、更優選80g/m2至110g/m2。在這種中等輕質的類別中能夠製造非織造物,其中三維的結構化部能夠再調整織物的手感和外觀。由此例如能夠製造毛巾,所述毛巾不僅是緊密的、輕的和有效的並且所述毛巾也提供消費者熟悉的紡織品外觀。 In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven has a basis weight of more than 50 g/m 2 , such as from 50 g/m 2 to 130 g/m 2 , more preferably from 70 g/m 2 to 120 g/m 2 , more preferably 80 g/m 2 to 110 g/m 2 . Nonwovens can be made in this medium lightweight category where the three dimensional structuring can re-adjust the feel and appearance of the fabric. Thus, for example, a towel can be produced which is not only compact, light and effective and the towel also provides a textile appearance that is familiar to the consumer.
本發明的另一主題是根據本發明的微絲非織造物作為清 潔布、毛巾、衛生巾、床上用品、裝潢材料、襯裡布的應用。 Another subject of the invention is a microfilament nonwoven according to the invention as a clear Cleaning cloth, towels, sanitary napkins, bedding, upholstery, lining applications.
在下文中根據實例詳細闡述本發明。 The invention is explained in detail below on the basis of examples.
圖1,為用根據本發明的方法製造的穿孔的微絲非織造物之照片。 Figure 1 is a photograph of a perforated microfilament nonwoven made by the method according to the present invention.
借助2個擠出機熔融70%的PET和30%的PA6並且聚集在用於雙組分長絲的紡絲噴嘴,共同以連續的PIE16長絲形式擠出,並且在大約3500m/min下伸展至在未***狀態下大約2.4分特的纖度,並且放線到放線帶上成為37g/m2的羅紗。通過從上方一直穿過放線帶的羅紗載入氣流來穩定羅紗,必要時還加熱所述氣流,所述氣流再次從下方被抽走。在僅幾釐米的自由下垂的情況下,將羅紗引入砑光機中,所述砑光機以33daN/cm的線壓力和兩個輥子150℃的溫度來控制。熱預固化的非織造物被卷起,因此能夠***作(可卷起和可開卷)並且輸送給水射流加固設備的其他位置處。 70% PET and 30% PA6 were melted by means of 2 extruders and gathered in a spinning nozzle for bicomponent filaments, which were extruded together in the form of continuous PIE16 filaments and stretched at approximately 3500 m/min. To a fineness of about 2.4 dtex in the unsplit state, and put it on the pay line to become a yarn of 37 g/m 2 . The roving is stabilized by loading the airflow through the roving of the take-up belt from above, and if necessary, also heating the air stream, which is again withdrawn from below. In the case of free drooping of only a few centimeters, the roving was introduced into a calender, which was controlled at a line pressure of 33 daN/cm and a temperature of 150 ° C of two rolls. The thermally pre-cured nonwoven is rolled up and can therefore be handled (rollable and unrollable) and delivered to other locations of the water jet reinforcement device.
在借助4個滾筒控制的水射流固化的情況下,以下步驟同時進行:使預固化物裂開、雙組分長絲***成聚醯胺和聚酯區段、長絲緊貼到被抽吸的濕式滾筒結構上,並且長絲在水射流和底板(篩筒)之間的渦流的流動中糾纏。 In the case of solidification with the aid of 4 drum-controlled water jets, the following steps are carried out simultaneously: splitting the pre-cure, splitting the bicomponent filaments into polyamine and polyester segments, and adhering the filaments to the suction The wet roller structure is structured and the filaments are entangled in the flow of eddy currents between the water jet and the bottom plate (sieve cylinder).
在實驗裝置中,細的網眼結構、即盡可能平滑的篩筒對於前三個通道顯示為是有利的,而第四個篩筒是提供結構的。前三個通道在交替地載入側部(ABA)的情況下適度地移動:提供結構的篩筒載 入相同側(BB)上的至少兩個通道和載入高壓。隨後,通過連續抽吸式乾燥器乾燥並且在低的拉力(交織壓力)下纏繞成筒。 In the experimental setup, a fine mesh structure, i.e., a screen cylinder that is as smooth as possible, is shown to be advantageous for the first three channels, while the fourth screen cylinder is structurally provided. The first three channels are moderately moved with alternating loading of the side (ABA): the screen is provided with the structure Enter at least two channels on the same side (BB) and load high voltage. Subsequently, it is dried by a continuous suction dryer and wound into a cylinder under a low tensile force (interlacing pressure).
在製造方法的該第二階段中,取決於7%-15%的寬度的結構,添加物品,並且單位面積重量也增加了7%-10%。在具體情況下,從在步驟1中熱預固化之後的37g/m2增加到在水射流固化和乾燥之後的40g/m2。 In this second stage of the manufacturing process, depending on the structure of 7% to 15% of the width, the article is added and the basis weight is also increased by 7% to 10%. In the specific case, it was increased from 37 g/m 2 after the thermal pre-curing in the step 1 to 40 g/m 2 after the water jet was solidified and dried.
產品因此能夠在噴射中經受住分散染色並且保持其結構化。 The product is thus able to withstand the dispersion dyeing in the spray and keep it structured.
在圖1中示出用根據本發明的方法製造的穿孔的微絲非織造物。能夠明顯識別出:引入的穿孔部具有非常明確限界的邊緣並且僅由非常少的纖維穿過。 A perforated microfilament nonwoven made by the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. It can be clearly recognized that the introduced perforations have very well defined edges and are only passed through by very few fibers.
Claims (22)
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DE102015010129.3A DE102015010129A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-10 | Process for the preparation of a structured microfilament nonwoven fabric |
??102015010129.3 | 2015-08-10 |
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EP (1) | EP3334857A1 (en) |
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CN109563662B (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2020-08-28 | 博爱德国有限公司 | System and method for making polylactic acid nonwoven fabrics |
US11441251B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2022-09-13 | Fitesa Germany Gmbh | Nonwoven fabrics comprising polylactic acid having improved strength and toughness |
EP3618790A1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-03-11 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Shaped nonwoven fabrics and articles including the same |
US10577722B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2020-03-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for making a shaped nonwoven |
JP7062700B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2022-05-06 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | Molded non-woven fabric |
CN113473955B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2023-03-28 | 宝洁公司 | Shaped nonwoven fabric exhibiting high visual resolution |
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CN101205002A (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2008-06-25 | 东华大学 | SMS many component compound packing material and producing method with same |
DE102008061679A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-17 | Fleissner Gmbh | Preconsolidating nap of fibers and/or filaments by water jet needling to give non-woven, uses increased spacing between needling device and nap support to avoid damage to nap |
DE102008033253A1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Fleissner Gmbh | Producing a structured non-woven fabric, comprises impacting the non-woven that rests on a surface giving a structure with a medium such as water or vapor standing under pressure, and guiding the non-woven to be structured to a drum |
DE202011004335U1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-03-26 | Trützschler Nonwovens Gmbh | Device for solidifying a textile product by means of hot gases |
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2015
- 2015-08-10 DE DE102015010129.3A patent/DE102015010129A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-07-15 US US15/747,444 patent/US20180245252A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-07-15 WO PCT/EP2016/066857 patent/WO2017025271A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-07-15 CN CN201680042884.4A patent/CN107849765A/en active Pending
- 2016-07-15 EP EP16738810.7A patent/EP3334857A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO1998023804A1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Entangled nonwoven fabrics and methods for forming the same |
DE19846857C1 (en) * | 1998-10-12 | 2000-03-02 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Perforated non-woven for top sheet of nappies comprises microfibers with different hydrophobic properties fibrillated from sectored bicomponent filaments |
DE102010050657A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-10 | Trützschler Nonwovens Gmbh | Nonwoven fabric useful for hygiene products, preferably diapers, comprises thermally spun filaments, which are solidified by action of hydraulic radiation, comprising splittable polymer combination of two components |
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EP3334857A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
WO2017025271A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
CN107849765A (en) | 2018-03-27 |
US20180245252A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
TW201706473A (en) | 2017-02-16 |
DE102015010129A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
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