TWI616537B - Method of heat treatment for metal - Google Patents
Method of heat treatment for metal Download PDFInfo
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- TWI616537B TWI616537B TW104138249A TW104138249A TWI616537B TW I616537 B TWI616537 B TW I616537B TW 104138249 A TW104138249 A TW 104138249A TW 104138249 A TW104138249 A TW 104138249A TW I616537 B TWI616537 B TW I616537B
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- shaped metal
- temperature
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
Abstract
一種金屬材熱處理方法，包含：以一加熱治具對一棒狀金屬材加熱至一第一溫度；及以一冷卻裝置對該棒狀金屬材執行一快速冷卻程序，使該棒狀金屬材由該第一溫度快速下降至一第二溫度，該快速冷卻程序具有使該棒狀金屬材降溫之一快速降溫速率，該快速降溫速率的範圍係介於80°C/sec~200℃/sec，藉由上述方法以製作符合特定機械特性之棒狀金屬材。 A method for heat-treating a metal material, comprising: heating a rod-shaped metal material to a first temperature by using a heating fixture; and performing a rapid cooling process on the rod-shaped metal material by a cooling device, so that the rod-shaped metal material is The first temperature rapidly drops to a second temperature, and the rapid cooling program has a rapid cooling rate for cooling the rod-shaped metal material, and the rapid cooling rate ranges from 80 ° C / sec to 200 ° C / sec. The rod-shaped metal material conforming to specific mechanical properties is produced by the above method.
Description
本發明係關於一種金屬材熱處理方法，尤其是一種透過控制冷卻速度以改變金屬材之機械特性的熱處理方法。 The present invention relates to a metal material heat treatment method, and more particularly to a heat treatment method for controlling the cooling rate to change the mechanical properties of the metal material.
在金屬材的加工程序中，熱處理程序可改變金屬材本身的機械特性，以鋼材的熱處理程序為例，當該鋼材被加熱到一特定溫度時，可透過一冷卻裝置對該鋼材進行冷卻，且該冷卻裝置可藉由控制該鋼材的冷卻溫度以改變該鋼材的組織態樣，進而使該鋼材符合特定之剛性或延展性等機械特性。 In the processing procedure of the metal material, the heat treatment procedure can change the mechanical properties of the metal material itself. Taking the heat treatment procedure of the steel material as an example, when the steel material is heated to a specific temperature, the steel material can be cooled by a cooling device, and The cooling device can change the structural state of the steel by controlling the cooling temperature of the steel material, thereby conforming the steel material to mechanical properties such as specific rigidity or ductility.
請參照第1圖所示，其揭示一種熱軋鋼板的製造裝置9，該製造裝置9根據一鋼材S之輸送方向而依序設有一熱軋加工機91、一急速冷卻機組92及一熱循環冷卻機組93，當該鋼材S通過該熱軋加工機91以成型為一預定形狀後，該鋼材S可接著通過該急速冷卻機組92以進行急速冷卻，最後，該鋼材S會進入該熱循環冷卻機組93，該熱循環冷卻機組93可將該鋼材S之溫度控制於一預定溫度，藉此調整該鋼材S之機械特性。關於運用上述製造裝置9之熱處理方法，可參見中華民國公告第I445581號專利案。 Referring to FIG. 1, there is disclosed a manufacturing apparatus 9 for a hot-rolled steel sheet. The manufacturing apparatus 9 is sequentially provided with a hot rolling mill 91, a rapid cooling unit 92, and a heat cycle according to a conveying direction of a steel material S. The cooling unit 93, after the steel material S is formed into a predetermined shape by the hot rolling processing machine 91, the steel material S can then pass through the rapid cooling unit 92 for rapid cooling, and finally, the steel material S enters the thermal cycle cooling. The unit 93, the heat cycle cooling unit 93, controls the temperature of the steel material S to a predetermined temperature, thereby adjusting the mechanical properties of the steel material S. Regarding the heat treatment method using the above-described manufacturing apparatus 9, reference can be made to the Patent No. I445581 of the Republic of China.
惟，該鋼材S的機械特性除了會因為冷卻溫度的差異而改變外，更會因為冷卻速度的不同而有所變化，在習知熱處理程序僅控制冷卻溫度卻忽略冷卻速度的情況下，習知熱處理程序無法使鋼材等金屬材符合特定之機械特性。 However, the mechanical properties of the steel S may vary depending on the difference in cooling temperature, and may vary depending on the cooling rate. Conventional heat treatment procedures only control the cooling temperature but ignore the cooling rate. The heat treatment procedure does not allow metal materials such as steel to conform to specific mechanical properties.
有鑑於此，遂提供一種金屬材熱處理方法，以解決習知熱處理程序無法製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材的問題。 In view of this, 遂 provides a metal material heat treatment method to solve the problem that the conventional heat treatment process cannot produce a metal material that meets specific mechanical properties.
本發明之目的係提供一種金屬材熱處理方法，該金屬材熱處理方法可藉由控制冷卻速度以改變金屬材之機械特性，具有製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材的效果。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a metal material heat treatment method which can have an effect of producing a metal material conforming to a specific mechanical property by controlling a cooling rate to change a mechanical property of a metal material.
為達到前述發明目的，本發明所運用之技術手段包含有：一種金屬材熱處理方法，包含：以一加熱治具對一棒狀金屬材加熱至一第一溫度；及以一冷卻裝置對該棒狀金屬材執行一快速冷卻程序，使該棒狀金屬材由該第一溫度快速下降至一第二溫度，該快速冷卻程序具有使該金屬材降溫之一快速降溫速率，該快速降溫速率的範圍係介於80℃/sec~200℃/sec，其中該冷卻裝置具有一輸送機構及一噴流機構，該輸送機構係該棒狀金屬材進行冷卻時，帶動該棒狀金屬材朝一輸送方向移動，該噴流機構係透過噴射一冷卻液以冷卻該棒狀金屬材，該噴流機構於噴射該冷卻液時具有一快速射流流量及一快速射流壓力，該快速射流流量係介於60L/min~1000L/min，該快速射流壓力係介於70bar~300bar，該冷卻液具有一行進方向，該行進方向與該輸送方向夾有一傾斜角度，該傾斜角度係介於15°~90°。藉由上述方法以控制棒狀金屬材的冷卻速率，達到製作符合特定機械特性之棒狀金屬材的效果。 In order to achieve the foregoing object, the technical means for the present invention comprises: a method for heat-treating a metal material, comprising: heating a rod-shaped metal material to a first temperature by a heating fixture; and applying the cooling device to the rod The rapid cooling process is performed to rapidly lower the rod-shaped metal from the first temperature to a second temperature, the rapid cooling program having a rapid cooling rate for cooling the metal material, the range of the rapid cooling rate The system is in the range of 80 ° C / sec to 200 ° C / sec , wherein the cooling device has a conveying mechanism and a jetting mechanism, and the conveying mechanism drives the rod-shaped metal material to move in a conveying direction when the rod-shaped metal material is cooled. The jetting mechanism cools the rod-shaped metal by spraying a cooling liquid, and the jetting mechanism has a fast jet flow rate and a fast jet pressure when the coolant is sprayed, and the fast jet flow rate is between 60 L/min and 1000. L/min , the rapid jet pressure system is between 70 bar and 300 bar , and the coolant has a traveling direction, and the traveling direction has an inclined angle with the conveying direction, The tilt angle is between 15° and 90°. By the above method, the effect of producing a rod-shaped metal material conforming to a specific mechanical property is achieved by controlling the cooling rate of the rod-shaped metal material.
其中，係以該冷卻裝置對該棒狀金屬材執行一慢速冷卻程序，使該棒狀金屬材由該第二溫度慢速下降至一第三溫度，該慢速冷卻程序具有使該棒狀金屬材降溫之一慢速降溫速率，該慢速降溫速率的範圍係介於50℃/sec~80℃/sec，藉此控制棒狀金屬材的冷卻速率，達到製作符合特定機械特性之棒狀金屬材的效果。 Wherein, the cooling device performs a slow cooling process on the rod-shaped metal material, and the rod-shaped metal material is slowly lowered from the second temperature to a third temperature, and the slow cooling program has the rod shape A slow cooling rate of metal cooling, which ranges from 50 °C/sec to 80 °C/sec , thereby controlling the cooling rate of the rod-shaped metal to achieve a rod shape that meets specific mechanical properties. The effect of metal.
其中，在該慢速冷卻程序中，該噴流機構於噴射該冷卻液時 具有一慢速射流流量，該慢速射流流量係介於20L/min~60L/min，藉此具有以慢速降溫製作符合特定機械特性之棒狀金屬材的效果。 Wherein, in the slow cooling process, the jetting mechanism has a slow jet flow rate when the coolant is sprayed, and the slow jet flow rate is between 20 L/min and 60 L/min , thereby having a slow speed Cooling produces a rod-shaped metal that meets specific mechanical properties.
其中，在該慢速冷卻程序中，該噴流機構所噴射之該冷卻液接觸該棒狀金屬材時具有一慢速射流壓力，該慢速射流壓力係介於30bar~70bar，藉此具有以慢速降溫製作符合特定機械特性之棒狀金屬材的效果。 Wherein, in the slow cooling process, the coolant sprayed by the jet mechanism has a slow jet pressure when contacting the rod-shaped metal material, and the slow jet pressure is between 30 bar and 70 bar , thereby having The effect of making a rod-shaped metal material that meets specific mechanical properties at a slow cooling rate.
其中，該傾斜角度係為45°，藉此維持適當的熱交換，以及在執行該快速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液沖刷該棒狀金屬材表面之氣膜的效果，以及在執行該慢速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液去除該棒狀金屬材表面之銹皮的效果。 Wherein, the inclination angle is 45°, thereby maintaining proper heat exchange, and lifting the effect of the coolant on the gas film on the surface of the rod-shaped metal when performing the rapid cooling process, and performing the slow speed During the cooling process, the effect of the coolant to remove the scale on the surface of the rod-shaped metal material is enhanced.
其中，該輸送機構係於該棒狀金屬材進行冷卻時，在該棒狀金屬材朝該輸送方向移動的狀態下，驅使該棒狀金屬材以平行該輸送方向之軸線而自轉，藉此維持適當的熱交換，以及在執行該快速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液沖刷該棒狀金屬材表面之氣膜的效果，以及在執行該慢速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液去除該棒狀金屬材表面之銹皮的效果。 In the conveying mechanism, when the rod-shaped metal material is cooled, the rod-shaped metal material is driven to rotate in parallel with the axis of the conveying direction while the rod-shaped metal material is moving in the conveying direction, thereby maintaining the rod-shaped metal material in a direction parallel to the conveying direction. Proper heat exchange, and an effect of lifting the coolant to wash the gas film on the surface of the rod-shaped metal when the rapid cooling process is performed, and lifting the coolant to remove the rod metal when performing the slow cooling process The effect of the scale on the surface of the material.
1‧‧‧輸送機構 1‧‧‧Transportation agency
11‧‧‧基座 11‧‧‧Base
111‧‧‧入料端 111‧‧‧ Feeding end
112‧‧‧出料端 112‧‧‧Drawing end
12‧‧‧輥輪 12‧‧‧Roller
121‧‧‧輸送部 121‧‧‧Transportation Department
122‧‧‧轉軸 122‧‧‧ shaft
13‧‧‧驅動馬達 13‧‧‧Drive motor
14‧‧‧傳動單元 14‧‧‧Transmission unit
2‧‧‧噴流機構 2‧‧‧Spray mechanism
21‧‧‧噴頭組 21‧‧‧ nozzle group
211‧‧‧噴嘴 211‧‧‧ nozzle
22‧‧‧支撐架 22‧‧‧Support frame
A1‧‧‧傾斜角度 A1‧‧‧ tilt angle
D1‧‧‧輸送方向 D1‧‧‧ conveying direction
D2‧‧‧軸向方向 D2‧‧‧ axial direction
D3‧‧‧行進方向 D3‧‧‧direction of travel
S‧‧‧金屬材 S‧‧‧Metal
9‧‧‧製造裝置 9‧‧‧ Manufacturing equipment
91‧‧‧熱軋加工機 91‧‧‧ hot rolling machine
92‧‧‧冷卻機組 92‧‧‧Cooling unit
93‧‧‧熱循環冷卻機組 93‧‧‧thermal cycle cooling unit
S‧‧‧鋼材 S‧‧‧Steel
第1圖：習知製造裝置之示意圖。 Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a conventional manufacturing apparatus.
第2圖：本發明金屬材熱處理方法的執行裝置之示意圖。 Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an execution device of the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention.
第3圖：本發明金屬材熱處理方法的執行裝置之示意圖。 Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing an execution device of the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention.
第4圖：本發明金屬材熱處理方法的執行裝置之示意圖。 Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an execution device of the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention.
第5圖：本發明金屬材熱處理方法的執行裝置之示意圖。 Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing an execution device of the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention.
為讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉本發明之較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下：本發明全文所述之「金屬材的溫度」，係指該金屬材於執行 加熱程序或冷卻程序後的表面溫度。 The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; The temperature of the material refers to the execution of the metal The surface temperature after heating or cooling.
請參照第2及3圖所示，其係執行本發明之金屬材熱處理方法的一冷卻裝置的示意圖，該冷卻裝置係用以對一金屬材S執行冷卻作業，其中，該冷卻裝置包含一輸送機構1及一噴流機構2，該噴流機構2係設置於該輸送機構1之一側。 Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, which are schematic views of a cooling device for performing the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention, the cooling device is for performing a cooling operation on a metal material S, wherein the cooling device includes a conveying device. The mechanism 1 and a jet flow mechanism 2 are disposed on one side of the transport mechanism 1.
該輸送機構1具有一基座11及數個輥輪12，該基座11具有一入料端111、一出料端112及一輸送方向D1，該輸送方向D1係由該入料端111向該出料端112延伸，該數個輥輪12設置於該基座11，該數個輥輪12各具有一輸送部121，該數個輥輪12之該輸送部121的徑寬，係由該輸送部121的相對二端朝中央漸減，該數個輥輪12之該轉軸122的軸向方向D2與該輸送方向D1彼此不平行且不垂直。此外，該輸送機構1另具有一驅動馬達13，相鄰的二輥輪12之轉軸122以一傳動單元14連接，該驅動馬達13藉由數個該傳動單元14將動力傳遞至該數個輥輪12之轉軸122。 The conveying mechanism 1 has a base 11 and a plurality of rollers 12. The base 11 has a receiving end 111, a discharging end 112 and a conveying direction D1. The conveying direction D1 is directed from the feeding end 111. The discharge end 112 extends, and the plurality of rollers 12 are disposed on the base 11. Each of the plurality of rollers 12 has a conveying portion 121. The diameter of the conveying portion 121 of the plurality of rollers 12 is determined by The opposite ends of the conveying portion 121 are gradually decreased toward the center, and the axial direction D2 of the rotating shaft 122 of the plurality of rollers 12 and the conveying direction D1 are not parallel to each other and are not perpendicular. In addition, the conveying mechanism 1 further has a driving motor 13 , and the rotating shaft 122 of the adjacent two rollers 12 is connected by a transmission unit 14 , and the driving motor 13 transmits power to the plurality of rollers by a plurality of the transmission units 14 . The shaft 122 of the wheel 12.
請參照第4圖所示，在本實施例中，該數個輥輪12之輸送部121具有徑寬變化，該輸送部121之外表面較佳係依線性投影方式形成連續曲面，例如該數個輥輪12之該輸送部121的外表面為一凹曲面。藉由上述設置，當該金屬材S為一棒狀且置於該數個輥輪12之該輸送部121時，在該數個輥輪12依該轉軸122轉動的情況下，該數個輥輪12之該輸送部121可對該金屬材S同時施予一移動作用力及一轉動作用力，不僅可帶動該金屬材S沿該輸送方向D1移動，更可驅使該金屬材S於該輸送部121的凹曲面上進行自轉，具有驅使該金屬材S同時移動及轉動的效果。其中，該數個輥輪12之輸送部121的徑寬變化率在此並不設限，較佳係依該金屬材S之形狀而適度調整。 Referring to FIG. 4, in the embodiment, the conveying portion 121 of the plurality of rollers 12 has a change in the diameter, and the outer surface of the conveying portion 121 preferably forms a continuous curved surface by linear projection, for example, the number The outer surface of the conveying portion 121 of each of the rollers 12 is a concave curved surface. With the above arrangement, when the metal material S is in the shape of a rod and placed on the conveying portion 121 of the plurality of rollers 12, in the case where the plurality of rollers 12 rotate according to the rotating shaft 122, the plurality of rollers The conveying portion 121 of the wheel 12 can simultaneously apply a moving force and a rotating force to the metal material S, which can not only drive the metal material S to move along the conveying direction D1, but also drive the metal material S to the conveying. The concave surface of the portion 121 is rotated, and has an effect of driving the metal material S to simultaneously move and rotate. The rate of change in the diameter of the conveying portion 121 of the plurality of rollers 12 is not limited thereto, and is preferably appropriately adjusted depending on the shape of the metal material S.
請再參照第2及3圖所示，該噴流機構2具有數個噴頭組 21，該數個噴頭組21係設置於該基座11之該入料端111及該出料端112之間。該數個噴頭組21各具有數個噴嘴211，該數個噴嘴211係朝向該數個輥輪12之該輸送部121所輸送之該金屬材S。其中，數個噴嘴211可噴射一冷卻液，該冷卻液可為任何能作熱交換的工作流體，在此並不設限，在本實施例中，該冷卻液係為一液態水。又，該噴流機構2另具有一支撐架22，該數個噴頭組21係設置於該支撐架22，且該支撐架22結合該輸送機構1之該基座11，又，該支撐架22亦可同時作為一冷卻液輸送管件以輸送該冷卻液，且該數個噴頭組21可連通該冷卻液輸送管件，使該冷卻液輸送管件中之該冷卻液能由該數個噴頭組21輸出。 Referring again to Figures 2 and 3, the jet mechanism 2 has a plurality of nozzle groups. 21, the plurality of nozzle groups 21 are disposed between the feeding end 111 of the base 11 and the discharging end 112. Each of the plurality of head groups 21 has a plurality of nozzles 211 that are oriented toward the metal material S conveyed by the conveying portion 121 of the plurality of rollers 12. The plurality of nozzles 211 can spray a coolant, which can be any working fluid capable of heat exchange, and is not limited herein. In the embodiment, the coolant is a liquid water. In addition, the spray mechanism 2 further has a support frame 22, the plurality of spray head sets 21 are disposed on the support frame 22, and the support frame 22 is coupled to the base 11 of the transport mechanism 1, and the support frame 22 is also The coolant can be simultaneously transported as a coolant conveying pipe, and the plurality of nozzle groups 21 can communicate with the coolant conveying pipe, so that the coolant in the coolant conveying pipe can be output by the plurality of nozzle groups 21.
請參照第5圖所示，該數個噴嘴211之設置方式在此並不設限，該數個噴嘴211可垂直該輸送方向D1而設置，使該數個噴嘴211之冷卻液的行進方向D3垂直該輸送方向D1，或者如本實施例中，該數個噴嘴211係由該出料端112朝該入料端111的方向傾斜設置，藉此使該數個噴嘴211之冷卻液的行進方向D3包含一水平分量及一垂直分量(依圖面而言)，且該冷卻液之行進方向D3的水平分量與該輸送方向D1相反，使該數個噴嘴211所噴出之冷卻液能對沿該輸送方向D1移動之該棒狀金屬材S提供更大的衝擊力，以透過該冷卻液對該金屬材S進行冷卻、或去除該金屬材S表面之氣膜或銹皮，具有順利執行熱處理製程的效果。 Referring to FIG. 5, the manner in which the plurality of nozzles 211 are disposed is not limited thereto. The plurality of nozzles 211 may be disposed perpendicular to the conveying direction D1, so that the traveling direction of the coolant of the plurality of nozzles 211 is D3. The conveying direction D1 is perpendicular, or as in the embodiment, the plurality of nozzles 211 are inclined from the discharging end 112 toward the feeding end 111, thereby causing the traveling direction of the coolant of the plurality of nozzles 211. D3 includes a horizontal component and a vertical component (in terms of the drawing), and the horizontal component of the traveling direction D3 of the coolant is opposite to the conveying direction D1, so that the coolant sprayed by the plurality of nozzles 211 can The rod-shaped metal material S moving in the conveying direction D1 provides a larger impact force to cool the metal material S through the cooling liquid or remove the gas film or scale on the surface of the metal material S, and has a smooth heat treatment process Effect.
本發明之金屬材熱處理方法係包含一加熱步驟及一快速冷卻步驟。 The metal material heat treatment method of the present invention comprises a heating step and a rapid cooling step.
該加熱步驟，係以一加熱治具對該金屬材S加熱至一第一溫度。其中，該金屬材S的種類於此並不設限，且該第一溫度可依該金屬材S的種類及特性不同而靈活調整，在本實施例中，該金屬材S為一鋼材，該第一溫度係介於800℃~1200℃；又，當該金屬材S欲加熱至該第一溫度時，該第一溫度係指該金屬材S的表面溫度。 In the heating step, the metal material S is heated to a first temperature by a heating fixture. The type of the metal material S is not limited thereto, and the first temperature can be flexibly adjusted according to the type and characteristics of the metal material S. In the embodiment, the metal material S is a steel material. The first temperature is between 800 ° C and 1200 ° C; and when the metal S is to be heated to the first temperature, the first temperature is the surface temperature of the metal S.
該快速冷卻步驟，係以該冷卻裝置對該金屬材S執行一快速冷卻程序，使該金屬材S由該第一溫度快速下降至一第二溫度。其中，該快速冷卻程序具有使該金屬材降溫之一快速降溫速率，該快速降溫速率的範圍係介於80℃/sec~200℃/sec。 The rapid cooling step is performed by the cooling device to perform a rapid cooling process on the metal material S, so that the metal material S is rapidly lowered from the first temperature to a second temperature. Wherein, the rapid cooling program has a rapid cooling rate for cooling the metal material, and the rapid cooling rate ranges from 80 ° C/sec to 200 ° C/sec .
更詳言之，該冷卻裝置之該噴流機構2係透過噴射該冷卻液以執行該快速冷卻程序，在該快速冷卻程序中，該噴流機構2的每一個該噴嘴211於噴射該冷卻液時具有一快速射流流量，該快速射流流量係介於60L/min~1000L/min，該噴流機構2所噴射之該冷卻液接觸該金屬材S時具有一快速射流壓力，該快速射流壓力係介於70bar~300bar。藉由上述實施方式，不僅可透過大量的冷卻流體以提升熱交換效果，進而調整該金屬材S的機械特性，更可藉由高壓冷卻流體衝擊該金屬材S之表面，以沖刷該金屬材S於該加熱步驟中所產生的氣膜，進而具有以快速降溫製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材S的效果，以及具有維持該金屬材S表面完整性的效果。 More specifically, the jetting mechanism 2 of the cooling device performs the rapid cooling process by injecting the cooling liquid, in which each nozzle 211 of the jet mechanism 2 has a spray when the coolant is sprayed. a rapid jet flow rate of 60 L/min to 1000 L/min , the coolant sprayed by the jet mechanism 2 having a rapid jet pressure when contacting the metal material S, the fast jet pressure system From 70 bar to 300 bar . According to the above embodiment, not only a large amount of cooling fluid can be transmitted to enhance the heat exchange effect, but also the mechanical properties of the metal material S can be adjusted, and the surface of the metal material S can be impacted by the high-pressure cooling fluid to wash the metal material S. The gas film produced in this heating step, in turn, has the effect of producing a metal material S conforming to a specific mechanical property by rapid cooling, and has an effect of maintaining the surface integrity of the metal material S.
又，該第二溫度可依該金屬材S的種類及特性不同而靈活調整，於此並不設限，在本實施例中，當該金屬材S為該鋼材時，該第二溫度係為該鋼材之一相變化臨界溫度。藉由該快速冷卻步驟使該鋼材以特定之冷卻速率冷卻至該相變化臨界溫度，可調整該鋼材的機械特性，進而具有製作符合特定機械特性之鋼材的效果。 Moreover, the second temperature can be flexibly adjusted according to the type and characteristics of the metal material S, and is not limited thereto. In the embodiment, when the metal material S is the steel material, the second temperature system is One phase of the steel changes the critical temperature. By the rapid cooling step, the steel is cooled to a critical temperature of the phase change at a specific cooling rate, and the mechanical properties of the steel can be adjusted to have the effect of producing a steel material that conforms to specific mechanical properties.
又，本發明之金屬材熱處理方法在執行該快速冷卻步驟後，可另執行一慢速冷卻步驟。該慢速冷卻步驟，係以該冷卻裝置對該金屬材S執行一慢速冷卻程序，使該金屬材S由該第二溫度慢速下降至一第三溫度。其中，該慢速冷卻程序具有使該金屬材S降溫之一慢速降溫速率，該慢速降溫速率的範圍係介於50℃/sec~80℃/sec。 Further, the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention may further perform a slow cooling step after performing the rapid cooling step. The slow cooling step is performed by the cooling device to perform a slow cooling process on the metal material S, so that the metal material S is slowly lowered from the second temperature to a third temperature. Wherein, the slow cooling program has a slow cooling rate for lowering the metal material S, and the slow cooling rate ranges from 50 ° C/sec to 80 ° C/sec .
更詳言之，該冷卻裝置之該噴流機構2係透過噴射該冷卻液 以執行該慢速冷卻程序，在該慢速冷卻程序中，該噴流機構2的每一個該噴嘴211於噴射該冷卻液時具有一慢速射流流量，該慢速射流流量係介於20L/min~60L/min，該噴流機構2所噴射之該冷卻液接觸該金屬材S時具有一慢速射流壓力，該慢速射流壓力係介於30bar~70bar，且該第三溫度可依該金屬材S的種類及特性不同而靈活調整，於此並不設限。藉由上述設置，不僅可透過較少量的冷卻流體以減緩熱交換效果，進而調整該金屬材S的機械特性，更可藉由適當壓力的冷卻流體衝擊該金屬材S之表面，以去除該金屬材S表面之銹皮，進而具有以慢速降溫製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材S的效果，以及具有去除金屬材S表面之銹皮的效果。 More specifically, the jetting mechanism 2 of the cooling device performs the slow cooling process by injecting the cooling liquid, in which the nozzle 211 of the jetting mechanism 2 is sprayed with the cooling liquid. The method has a slow jet flow rate of 20 L/min to 60 L/min , and the coolant sprayed by the jet mechanism 2 has a slow jet pressure when contacting the metal material S. The slow jet pressure system is between 30 bar and 70 bar , and the third temperature can be flexibly adjusted according to the type and characteristics of the metal material S, and is not limited thereto. With the above arrangement, not only a relatively small amount of cooling fluid can be transmitted to slow down the heat exchange effect, but also the mechanical properties of the metal material S can be adjusted, and the surface of the metal material S can be impacted by a suitable pressure cooling fluid to remove the The scale of the surface of the metal material S has an effect of producing a metal material S conforming to a specific mechanical property at a slow temperature drop, and an effect of removing the scale of the surface of the metal material S.
又，本發明之金屬材熱處理方法在執行該加熱步驟後，可另執行一溫度維持步驟，再執行該快速冷卻步驟。該溫度維持步驟，係在該金屬材S加熱至該第一溫度後，使該金屬材S於一預定時間內維持該第一溫度，在本實施例中，當該金屬材S為鋼材且加熱至800℃~1200℃時，維持該第一溫度之該預定時間係為10min~60min。藉由上述步驟，可調整該鋼材的機械特性，進而具有製作符合特定機械特性之鋼材的效果。 Further, the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention may further perform a temperature maintaining step after performing the heating step, and then perform the rapid cooling step. The temperature maintaining step is such that after the metal material S is heated to the first temperature, the metal material S is maintained at the first temperature for a predetermined time. In the embodiment, when the metal material S is a steel material and heated When the temperature is from 800 ° C to 1200 ° C , the predetermined time for maintaining the first temperature is 10 min to 60 min . By the above steps, the mechanical properties of the steel material can be adjusted, and the effect of producing a steel material conforming to a specific mechanical property can be obtained.
請再參照第2、3圖所示，另，在本發明之冷卻裝置中，該噴流機構2之該數個噴頭組21可根據該快速冷卻程序及慢速冷卻程序而對應噴射該冷卻液，且較佳如第2圖所示，靠近該入料端111之該噴流機構2的該數個噴頭組21係用以執行該快速冷卻程序，靠近該出料端112之該噴流機構2的該數個噴頭組21係用以執行該慢速冷卻程序，使透過該輸送機構1輸送之該金屬材S能依序執行該快速冷卻程序及該慢速冷卻程序，進而在連續執行快速降溫及慢速降溫的情況下，達到製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材S的效果。 Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 again, in the cooling device of the present invention, the plurality of nozzle groups 21 of the jet flow mechanism 2 can correspondingly spray the coolant according to the rapid cooling program and the slow cooling program. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of nozzle groups 21 of the jetting mechanism 2 adjacent to the feeding end 111 are configured to perform the rapid cooling process, and the jetting mechanism 2 adjacent to the discharging end 112 The plurality of nozzle groups 21 are configured to perform the slow cooling process, so that the metal material S conveyed through the conveying mechanism 1 can sequentially execute the rapid cooling program and the slow cooling program, thereby continuously performing rapid cooling and slowing. In the case of rapid temperature drop, the effect of producing a metal material S conforming to a specific mechanical property is achieved.
請再參照第5圖所示，再者，在執行該快速冷卻程序及該慢速冷卻程序時，該輸送機構1係帶動該金屬材S朝該輸送方向D1移動， 該噴流機構2係以該行進方向D3噴射該冷卻液，且該行進方向D3與該輸送方向D1夾有一傾斜角度A1，該傾斜角度A1係介於15°~90°，在本實施例中，較佳係為45°。藉由上述設置，不僅能使該冷卻液與該金屬材S維持適當的熱交換效果，更能在執行該快速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液沖刷該金屬材S表面之氣膜的效果，以及在執行該慢速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液去除該金屬材S表面之銹皮的效果。 Referring to FIG. 5 again, when the rapid cooling program and the slow cooling program are executed, the conveying mechanism 1 drives the metal material S to move in the conveying direction D1. The jetting mechanism 2 sprays the cooling liquid in the traveling direction D3, and the traveling direction D3 has an inclination angle A1 with the conveying direction D1, and the inclination angle A1 is between 15° and 90°. In this embodiment, It is preferably 45°. With the above arrangement, not only the cooling liquid and the metal material S can maintain an appropriate heat exchange effect, but also the effect of the coolant on the gas film on the surface of the metal material S can be improved when the rapid cooling process is performed, and When the slow cooling process is performed, the effect of removing the scale of the surface of the metal material S by the coolant is increased.
進一步而言，在本發明之冷卻裝置的結構下，在執行該快速冷卻程序及該慢速冷卻程序時，若該金屬材S之形狀為一棒狀，該輸送機構1之輥輪12不僅可帶動棒狀之金屬材S沿該輸送方向D1移動，更可透過該輸送部121的凹曲面，驅使棒狀之該金屬材S以平行該輸送方向D1之軸線而自轉，藉此使該冷卻液能更均勻的接觸該金屬材S，不僅能使該冷卻液與該金屬材S維持適當的熱交換效果，更能在執行該快速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液沖刷該金屬材S表面之氣膜的效果，以及在執行該慢速冷卻程序時，提升該冷卻液去除該金屬材S表面之銹皮的效果。 Further, in the structure of the cooling device of the present invention, when the rapid cooling program and the slow cooling program are executed, if the shape of the metal material S is a rod shape, the roller 12 of the conveying mechanism 1 can be used not only The rod-shaped metal material S moves along the conveying direction D1, and is further permeable to the concave curved surface of the conveying portion 121 to drive the rod-shaped metal material S to rotate in parallel with the axis of the conveying direction D1, thereby making the coolant The more uniform contact with the metal material S can not only maintain the proper heat exchange effect between the coolant and the metal material S, but also enhance the gas flushing the surface of the metal material S when the rapid cooling process is performed. The effect of the film, and the effect of removing the scale of the surface of the metal material S by the coolant when the slow cooling process is performed.
為證明本發明之金屬材熱處理方法具有製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材的效果，以下係以徑寬為60mm之棒狀鋼材(SCM440)執行上述步驟，並將相關機械特性整理如下：
以上二表係將四組SCM440棒狀鋼材胚料加熱至1100℃(第一溫度)，接著持溫一段時間後，以一胚料輸送速度輸送上述四組SCM440棒狀鋼材胚料，再以射流流量為1000L/min、射流壓力為120bar，控制上述四組SCM440棒狀鋼材胚料冷卻至麻田散鐵生成溫度(Ms)(第二溫度)所得到的機械性質，其中，編號為S1-1之胚料係持溫30min，S1-2係持溫35min，S1-3係持溫15min，S1-4係持溫20min；S1-1之胚料輸送速度為5M/min，S1-2、S1-3及S1-4之胚料輸送速度皆為7M/min；A與B分別代表同一胚料上兩個相異的取樣點，該深度係指由該棒狀鋼材之表面朝軸心延伸之距離。由該表一及表二可知，當以SCM440之棒狀鋼材執行本發明之熱處理方法時，可有效地將該棒狀鋼材的機械強度(拉抗強度及降伏強度)提升40%以上，以及將該棒狀鋼材的硬度提升20%以上，上述實驗數據可證明本發明之金屬材熱處理方法可達到製作符合特定機械特性之金屬 材S的效果。 In the above two tables, four sets of SCM440 rod-shaped steel billets are heated to 1100 ° C (first temperature), and then the temperature is maintained for a period of time, the four sets of SCM440 rod-shaped steel billets are transported at a billet conveying speed, and then jetted. The flow rate is 1000 L/min, the jet pressure is 120 bar, and the mechanical properties obtained by cooling the above four sets of SCM440 bar-shaped steel billets to the temperature (Ms) (second temperature) of the granulated iron are controlled, wherein the number is S1-1. The embryo system holds the temperature for 30 min, the S1-2 system holds the temperature for 35 min, the S1-3 system holds the temperature for 15 min, the S1-4 system holds the temperature for 20 min, and the S1-1 has a feed rate of 5 M/min, S1-2, S1- The feed rate of the blanks of 3 and S1-4 is 7M/min; A and B respectively represent two different sampling points on the same blank, which refers to the distance from the surface of the rod-shaped steel to the axis. . It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that when the heat treatment method of the present invention is performed on the rod-shaped steel material of SCM440, the mechanical strength (pull strength and the strength of the tensile strength) of the rod-shaped steel material can be effectively increased by 40% or more, and The hardness of the rod-shaped steel material is increased by more than 20%, and the above experimental data can prove that the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention can achieve the production of metal conforming to specific mechanical properties. The effect of the material S.
綜上所述，本發明之金屬材熱處理方法，係使該金屬材S以特定之冷卻速率進行冷卻，進而控制該金屬材S的組織變化，達到製作符合特定機械特性之金屬材S的效果。 As described above, in the metal material heat treatment method of the present invention, the metal material S is cooled at a specific cooling rate, and the structure change of the metal material S is controlled to achieve the effect of producing the metal material S conforming to specific mechanical properties.
雖然本發明已利用上述較佳實施例揭示，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍之內，相對上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬本發明所保護之技術範疇，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments described above, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the invention is protected, and therefore the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
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| TW104138249A TWI616537B (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | Method of heat treatment for metal |
| US14/980,237 US20170145539A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-12-28 | Method of Heat Treatment of a Metal Material |
| CN201610235592.4A CN106755947A (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-04-15 | Heat treatment method for metal material |
| DE102016113325.6A DE102016113325B4 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-07-20 | Process for the heat treatment of metal |
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| CN108099253A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-01 | 中国平煤神马集团开封炭素有限公司 | A kind of graphite electrode continuous uniform cooling device |
| IT201900011559A1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-12 | Danieli Off Mecc | HIGH PRODUCTIVITY STEEL BAR HARDENING PLANT, HARDENING MACHINE AND RELATIVE METHOD FOR HARDENING STEEL BARS |
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| CN106755947A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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| TW201718879A (en) | 2017-06-01 |
| DE102016113325B4 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
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