TWI603353B - Elektromagnetische stellvorrichtung und kombination von elektromagnetischer stellvorrichtung und motorspindel - Google Patents
Elektromagnetische stellvorrichtung und kombination von elektromagnetischer stellvorrichtung und motorspindel Download PDFInfo
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- TWI603353B TWI603353B TW103103989A TW103103989A TWI603353B TW I603353 B TWI603353 B TW I603353B TW 103103989 A TW103103989 A TW 103103989A TW 103103989 A TW103103989 A TW 103103989A TW I603353 B TWI603353 B TW I603353B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
- H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
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- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Description
本發明係有關於一種電磁調整裝置,包含可沿一軸線在殼體中的兩個端位間運動的電樞、至少一磁系統及可連接電源的線圈,該至少一磁系統係用一相對該軸線徑向極化的永磁體連接且與該電樞構成一氣隙系統。本發明亦有關於一種電磁調整裝置與馬達心軸的組合。 The present invention relates to an electromagnetic adjustment apparatus comprising an armature movable between two end positions in a housing along an axis, at least one magnetic system, and a coil connectable to a power source, the at least one magnetic system using a relative The axis radially polarized permanent magnets are connected and form an air gap system with the armature. The invention also relates to a combination of an electromagnetic adjustment device and a motor spindle.
DE 197 12 293 A1揭露一種電磁調整裝置,包含兩個彼此間隔一定距離且各具一激勵線圈的磁系統,該二磁系統之間設有與調整桿固定連接的電樞盤。此電樞盤佈置在兩個反向作用之彈簧之間且可在此等磁系統的作用下運動至兩個操作位置。其中一磁系統分配有沿電樞之運動方向極化的永磁體,其對在一操作位置中處於不帶電狀態的電樞起穩定作用。若要將該電樞保持在另一操作位置,則需對其永久通電。 DE 197 12 293 A1 discloses an electromagnetic adjustment device comprising two magnetic systems spaced apart from one another and each having an excitation coil, between which an armature disk fixedly connected to the adjustment rod is arranged. The armature disk is arranged between two counteracting springs and is movable by these magnetic systems to two operating positions. One of the magnetic systems is assigned a permanent magnet that is polarized in the direction of motion of the armature, which stabilizes the armature in an uncharged state in an operating position. To maintain the armature in another operating position, it is permanently energized.
EP 0 568 028 A1亦揭露一種由一電樞、兩個內極靴、兩個外極靴、兩個永磁體及一線圈構成的電磁線性馬達,其中,電樞與內極靴及外極靴形成一由四個沿軸向可變之磁性氣隙構成的氣隙系統,此等氣隙在中間位置中具有相等大小。在線圈不帶電的中間位置中,此等永磁體對電樞起穩定作用。此等極靴呈半殼形且與此等半殼形永磁體形成兩個固定極化的磁系統。 EP 0 568 028 A1 also discloses an electromagnetic linear motor consisting of an armature, two inner pole pieces, two outer pole pieces, two permanent magnets and a coil, wherein the armature and the inner pole piece and the outer pole piece An air gap system is formed which is formed by four axially variable magnetic air gaps which are of equal size in the intermediate position. These permanent magnets stabilize the armature in an intermediate position where the coil is not charged. These pole pieces are half-shell shaped and form two fixed polarization magnetic systems with these half-shell permanent magnets.
DE 200 00 397 U1亦揭露一種磁體裝置,其具有磁導式外 殼,該外殼中以可軸向運動的方式佈置有鐵心及環繞該鐵心之線圈。線圈兩側設有與此線圈同軸佈置的永磁體,其以其相同的磁極相向佈置。此等永磁體形成兩個磁路,用於將鐵心保持在兩個工作位置。透過沿一或多個電流方向激勵該線圈可使鐵心運動至另一工作位置,鐵心在線圈不帶電時保持於該位置。基於鐵心之圓柱形形狀及永磁體的極化方式,在工作位置中不會有較大的保持力。 DE 200 00 397 U1 also discloses a magnet arrangement which has a magnetically conductive outer a casing in which an iron core and a coil surrounding the core are disposed in an axially movable manner. Permanent magnets arranged coaxially with the coil are arranged on both sides of the coil, which are arranged with their same magnetic poles facing each other. These permanent magnets form two magnetic circuits for holding the core in two working positions. By energizing the coil in one or more current directions, the core can be moved to another working position, and the core remains in this position when the coil is not energized. Based on the cylindrical shape of the core and the polarization of the permanent magnet, there is no large holding force in the working position.
DE 102 07 828 B4揭露一種用於在穩定的端位實現較大保持力的電磁螺線管。此種螺線管由帶兩個軸向間隔一定距離的磁系統的定子構成,該二磁系統各具一用於產生電磁通的激勵繞組。該二磁系統之間設有一電樞,其攜帶一垂直於其運動方向極化且用於在激勵繞組不帶電時永久性保持該電樞的永久磁體機構。該永久磁體機構佈置於該二激勵繞組之間,故其效率受到漏磁通的不利影響。此外,永久磁體機構之通常呈多孔狀的材料可能因電樞之衝擊運動而受損。 DE 102 07 828 B4 discloses an electromagnetic solenoid for achieving a large holding force at a stable end position. Such a solenoid consists of a stator with two magnetic systems spaced axially apart, each having an excitation winding for generating an electromagnetic flux. An armature is disposed between the two magnetic systems that carries a permanent magnet mechanism that is polarized perpendicular to its direction of motion and that is used to permanently retain the armature when the excitation winding is uncharged. The permanent magnet mechanism is disposed between the two excitation windings, so its efficiency is adversely affected by the leakage flux. In addition, the generally porous material of the permanent magnet mechanism may be damaged by the impact movement of the armature.
本發明之目的在於提供一種本文開篇所述類型的電磁調整裝置,其在兩端位中在不用電流激勵的情況下較為穩定且至少在一端位中能吸收較大的保持力。此外,該調整裝置易於製造且製造成本較低。 It is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic adjustment device of the type described in the opening paragraph which is relatively stable in the case of no current excitation at both ends and which absorbs a large holding force at least in one end. Furthermore, the adjustment device is easy to manufacture and has a low manufacturing cost.
本發明用以達成上述目的之解決方案為一種具有申請專利範圍第1項所列特徵的電磁調整裝置。該調整裝置之有利設計方案參閱申請專利範圍第2至9項。 The solution to achieve the above object of the present invention is an electromagnetic adjustment device having the features listed in claim 1 of the patent application. An advantageous design of the adjusting device can be found in items 2 to 9 of the patent application.
根據本發明,該電磁調整裝置包括:殼體,該殼體包含可沿一軸線在該殼體中的兩個端位間運動的電樞,該電樞具有兩個彼此間隔一定距離且與電樞桿固定連接的電樞盤;至少一磁系統,該磁系統包括若干相對該軸線徑向極化的永磁體的一環狀機構,該磁系統以固定在該殼體上的方式佈置在該等電樞盤之間且與該等電樞盤構成具有若干軸向可變之氣 隙的氣隙系統;以及佈置在該二磁系統之間且可連接電源的環狀線圈。該等磁系統及該等氣隙系統採用某種設計方案,使得該電樞可在該線圈不受激勵的情況下僅藉由永磁通量被夾緊在該二端位中的任一端位中,且可在該線圈受到激勵的情況下自任一所處之端位運動至相反的端位。 According to the present invention, the electromagnetic adjustment apparatus includes: a housing including an armature movable between two end positions in the housing along an axis, the armature having two spaced apart from each other and electrically connected An armature disk to which the pivot rod is fixedly coupled; at least one magnetic system including an annular mechanism of a plurality of permanent magnets radially polarized with respect to the axis, the magnetic system being disposed in a manner fixed to the housing Between the armature disks and the armature disks, there are a plurality of axially variable gases a gap air gap system; and an annular coil disposed between the two magnetic systems and connectable to a power source. The magnetic system and the air gap system adopt a design such that the armature can be clamped in either end of the two end positions only by the permanent magnet flux without the coil being excited. And the coil can be moved from any end position to the opposite end position when the coil is energized.
本發明之調整裝置的優點在於,該電樞可由簡單元素製成,該二電樞盤可由磁通傳導材料,如軟磁材料構成,電樞桿可由非磁性材料或非軟磁材料構成。採用此種方式構建之電樞耐衝擊負荷從而延長調整裝置之使用壽命。 An advantage of the adjustment device of the present invention is that the armature can be made of a simple element, which can be constructed of a magnetically conductive material, such as a soft magnetic material, and the armature rod can be constructed of a non-magnetic material or a non-soft magnetic material. The armature impact load constructed in this way extends the service life of the adjustment device.
一或多個永磁體以嵌入若干極體之間的方式佈置在該殼體中,從而免受動態負荷的影響。採用此種佈置方案時,該永磁體可由若干環狀佈置的單個磁體構成或者構建為一個環狀磁體。磁體亦可採用敏感的磁體材料,如複合材料,以增大極化值及場強。將永磁體佈置在若干極體之間且鄰接電樞盤,如此可增大未用電流激勵線圈時的保持力。此外,僅使用單獨一個線圈可降低製造成本且縮小體積。 One or more permanent magnets are arranged in the housing in such a way as to be embedded between several pole bodies, so as to be protected from dynamic loads. With such an arrangement, the permanent magnet can be constructed from a plurality of annularly arranged single magnets or as a ring magnet. Magnets can also be made of sensitive magnet materials, such as composite materials, to increase polarization and field strength. The permanent magnet is arranged between the plurality of pole bodies and adjacent to the armature disk, so that the holding force when the coil is not excited by the current can be increased. In addition, using only a single coil reduces manufacturing costs and reduces volume.
根據本發明的一種較佳設計方案,該電樞、該磁系統及該線圈採用旋轉對稱構建方案。亦可採用其他設計方案。可設有兩個磁系統,其包含就該線圈之徑向中線面而言對稱佈置且同向徑向極化之永磁體。 According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the armature, the magnetic system and the coil adopt a rotationally symmetric construction scheme. Other designs are also available. Two magnetic systems may be provided which include permanent magnets that are symmetrically arranged in the radial midline plane of the coil and that are radially polarized in the same direction.
根據本發明所提出的另一方案,該磁體或該等磁體以及該線圈佈置在由軟磁材料構成且具有閉合環之形狀的內極體與外極體之間。該等電樞盤之軸向厚度較佳相等,但亦可不等,以便在該二端位中獲得不同的保持力。 According to another aspect proposed by the present invention, the magnet or the magnets and the coil are disposed between an inner pole body and an outer pole body which are formed of a soft magnetic material and have a closed loop shape. The axial thicknesses of the armature disks are preferably equal, but may also be unequal to achieve different holding forces in the two end positions.
根據本發明所提出的另一方案,至少一電樞盤可呈圓柱形且佈置在該殼體的一單側閉合之圓柱形腔室內,其中,該電樞盤之周邊藉由密封件與該腔室之壁部隔絕。透過此種方式,該腔室與該電樞盤形成一閉合空間,在此情況下,該空間所含有的介質(較佳空氣)在該電樞盤進入 該空間時受到壓縮,使得該電樞在沿該運動方向朝該端位運動的路徑上減速,並對到達該端位加以抑制。實驗意外表明,使用相對較小的空氣體積便足以起到有效抑制電樞衝擊的效果。 According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one armature disk may be cylindrical and disposed in a single-sided closed cylindrical chamber of the housing, wherein the periphery of the armature disk is sealed by the The wall of the chamber is isolated. In this way, the chamber forms a closed space with the armature disk, in which case the medium (preferably air) contained in the space enters the armature disk. The space is compressed such that the armature decelerates in a path that moves toward the end position along the direction of motion and suppresses reaching the end position. Experimental accidents have shown that the use of a relatively small air volume is sufficient to effectively suppress the impact of the armature.
根據本發明,該調整裝置之亦形成該腔室的殼體較佳由非磁性材料構成,以防止發生漏磁通且將該通量集中至該電樞。 According to the invention, the housing of the adjustment device which also forms the chamber is preferably constructed of a non-magnetic material to prevent leakage flux from occurring and to concentrate the flux to the armature.
根據申請專利範圍第10項,本發明之調整裝置的特別有利的應用包括一種與馬達心軸的組合,該馬達心軸在心軸殼體中包含電動馬達及可由該電動馬達旋轉驅動的心軸,該心軸具有用於切削式工件加工工具的工具模座,其中,該心軸構建為空心軸且在其縱向鑽孔中具有一被彈力保持在閉合位置且用於將工具或工具座夾緊的快速夾緊裝置,其中該調整裝置之殼體固設在具有與該心軸同軸定向之軸線的該心軸殼體上,且其中該電樞可與一可在該心軸的縱向鑽孔中軸向移動之挺桿相卡合,該夾緊裝置可在克服該彈力的情況下朝釋放位置運動。 According to claim 10, a particularly advantageous application of the adjustment device of the present invention includes a combination with a motor spindle that includes an electric motor and a spindle that can be rotationally driven by the electric motor in the spindle housing. The mandrel has a tool holder for a cutting workpiece machining tool, wherein the mandrel is constructed as a hollow shaft and has a spring force in its longitudinal bore in a closed position and is used to clamp the tool or tool holder a quick clamping device, wherein the housing of the adjusting device is fixed on the spindle housing having an axis oriented coaxially with the spindle, and wherein the armature is engagable with a longitudinal bore of the spindle The axially movable tappet is engaged, and the clamping device is movable toward the release position against the elastic force.
採用本發明之組合後,毋需佈置昂貴且缺陷甚多之採用氣動能或液壓能驅動方式的調整裝置,此等調整裝置通常用來操縱馬達心軸中的工具夾緊裝置。利用本發明之調整裝置能在體積適宜且重量可接受的同時實現足以擠壓此類工具夾緊裝置之彈簧夾緊元件且將該夾緊裝置釋放的調整力。利用本發明之裝置還能借助永磁體產生將工具夾緊裝置保持在釋放位置所需的保持力,因此,唯有在需要將工具夾緊裝置釋放及返回夾緊位置時方對線圈進行短時操縱。 With the combination of the present invention, it is not necessary to arrange an adjustment device that is expensive and has many drawbacks, which are pneumatically or hydraulically driven, and such adjustment devices are typically used to manipulate the tool clamping device in the motor spindle. With the adjustment device of the invention it is possible to achieve an adjustment force sufficient to squeeze the spring clamping element of such a tool clamping device and release the clamping device, while being suitable in volume and weight. With the device according to the invention, the holding force required to hold the tool clamping device in the release position can also be produced by means of permanent magnets, so that the coil can only be short-lived when the tool clamping device needs to be released and returned to the clamping position. Manipulation.
因此,本發明之組合實現了僅需要驅動能,即電流來將工具夾緊及鬆開以及對用於實施加工過程的工具進行驅動的馬達心軸。 Thus, the combination of the present invention achieves a motor spindle that requires only drive energy, i.e., current to clamp and loosen the tool, and to drive the tool used to carry out the machining process.
如該實施例所述,該調整裝置可直接安裝於馬達心軸上。但本發明亦不排除藉由機械傳遞系統(如推拉索)或液壓傳遞系統將調整運動或調整力傳遞給馬達心軸的實施方案。液壓傳遞系統有利於減輕馬達心 軸的重量。 As described in this embodiment, the adjustment device can be mounted directly to the motor spindle. However, the present invention does not exclude embodiments in which the adjustment or adjustment force is transmitted to the motor spindle by a mechanical transfer system such as a push-pull cable or a hydraulic transfer system. Hydraulic transfer system helps to reduce the motor core The weight of the shaft.
1‧‧‧殼體 1‧‧‧shell
2‧‧‧鑽孔 2‧‧‧Drilling
3‧‧‧殼體底部 3‧‧‧Bottom of the casing
4‧‧‧罩蓋 4‧‧‧ Cover
5‧‧‧電樞 5‧‧‧ Armature
6‧‧‧電樞桿 6‧‧‧Electrical rod
7‧‧‧電樞盤 7‧‧‧ armature disk
8‧‧‧電樞盤 8‧‧‧ armature disk
9‧‧‧滑動襯套 9‧‧‧Sliding bushing
10‧‧‧極體,內極體 10‧‧‧ polar body, inner body
11‧‧‧極體,外極體 11‧‧‧ polar body, outer body
12‧‧‧線圈 12‧‧‧ coil
13‧‧‧永磁體 13‧‧‧ permanent magnet
14‧‧‧永磁體 14‧‧‧ permanent magnet
16‧‧‧腔室 16‧‧‧ chamber
17‧‧‧密封環,密封件 17‧‧‧Seal ring, seal
20‧‧‧調整裝置 20‧‧‧Adjustment device
21‧‧‧馬達心軸 21‧‧‧Motor spindle
22‧‧‧心軸殼體 22‧‧‧ mandrel housing
23‧‧‧定子繞組 23‧‧‧ stator winding
24‧‧‧滾動軸承 24‧‧‧ rolling bearings
25‧‧‧心軸 25‧‧‧ mandrel
26‧‧‧轉子 26‧‧‧Rotor
27‧‧‧縱向鑽孔 27‧‧‧ longitudinal drilling
28‧‧‧錐形鑽孔 28‧‧‧Conical drilling
29‧‧‧工具錐體 29‧‧‧Tool cone
30‧‧‧工具座 30‧‧‧tool holder
31‧‧‧快速夾緊裝置,夾緊裝置 31‧‧‧Quick clamping device, clamping device
32‧‧‧挺桿 32‧‧‧Tungsten
33‧‧‧夾銷 33‧‧‧ pin
34‧‧‧碟簧 34‧‧ ‧ disc spring
35‧‧‧頭部 35‧‧‧ head
36‧‧‧止動環 36‧‧‧stop ring
F‧‧‧箭頭,作用力 F‧‧‧ arrows, force
L1‧‧‧氣隙 L1‧‧‧ air gap
L2‧‧‧氣隙 L2‧‧‧ air gap
圖1為本發明之電磁調整裝置的橫截面圖;圖2為線圈帶電時,沿第一方向產生調整力之場力線的示意圖;圖3為線圈不帶電時且處於圖2所示之永磁保持位置時之場力線的示意圖;圖4為線圈反向通電時,沿第二方向產生調整力之場力線的示意圖;及圖5為設有本發明之調整裝置的馬達心軸的橫截面圖。 1 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic adjusting device of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a field force line for generating an adjusting force in a first direction when the coil is charged; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the coil being uncharged and in the case shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of the field force line when the magnetic holding position; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the field force line generating the adjusting force in the second direction when the coil is reversely energized; and FIG. 5 is a motor spindle provided with the adjusting device of the present invention. Cross-sectional view.
下面結合若干實施例對本發明進行詳細說明。 The invention will now be described in detail in connection with a number of embodiments.
圖1所示電磁調整裝置包括圓筒形殼體1,其具有沿一軸線延伸之圓柱形鑽孔2,該鑽孔的一末端被殼體底部3封閉,另一末端被固設在殼體1上的罩蓋4封閉。殼體1中設有以可沿該軸線運動之方式佈置的電樞5,其由電樞桿6以及與其固定連接且彼此間隔一定距離佈置的電樞盤7、8組成。電樞桿6穿過罩蓋4中的鑽孔2且可在該鑽孔中移動。電樞盤7、8具有用於將其支承於滑動襯套9中的平行側面及圓柱形側面積,該等滑動襯套係佈置於殼體1的鑽孔2中。 The electromagnetic adjustment device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylindrical casing 1 having a cylindrical bore 2 extending along an axis, one end of which is closed by the bottom 3 of the casing and the other end is fixed to the casing The cover 4 on 1 is closed. The housing 1 is provided with an armature 5 arranged in a movable manner along this axis, which consists of an armature rod 6 and armature discs 7, 8 fixedly connected thereto and arranged at a distance from each other. The armature rod 6 passes through the bore 2 in the cover 4 and is movable in the bore. The armature discs 7, 8 have parallel side and cylindrical side areas for supporting them in the sliding bushing 9, which are arranged in the bore 2 of the housing 1.
在該等電樞盤7、8之間的中間空間內設有環狀之內極體10以及與其間隔一定徑向距離的環狀之外極體11。在該二極體10、11之間的環形空間內設有具有至少一繞組的線圈12,在該線圈12的兩端各設一永磁體13、14。該二永磁體13、14以相同的方向徑向極化,故皆橫向於電樞5之運動方向極化,且該二永磁體與極體10、11及電樞盤7、8構成兩個磁系統。永磁體13、14圍繞極體10環狀佈置且可構建為環狀磁體或者構建為同 向極化之單個磁體的機構。極體10、11與永磁體13、14固定相連,外極體11借助支撐於殼體底部3及罩蓋4上的滑動襯套9軸向固定於殼體1中。 An annular inner pole body 10 and an annular outer pole body 11 spaced apart from each other by a radial distance are provided in an intermediate space between the armature disks 7, 8. A coil 12 having at least one winding is disposed in the annular space between the diodes 10, 11, and a permanent magnet 13, 14 is disposed at each end of the coil 12. The two permanent magnets 13 and 14 are radially polarized in the same direction, so they are polarized transversely to the direction of movement of the armature 5, and the two permanent magnets and the pole bodies 10, 11 and the armature disks 7 and 8 form two. Magnetic system. The permanent magnets 13 , 14 are arranged annularly around the pole body 10 and can be constructed as a ring magnet or constructed as the same A mechanism for a single magnet that is polarized. The pole bodies 10, 11 are fixedly connected to the permanent magnets 13, 14, and the outer pole body 11 is axially fixed in the casing 1 by means of a sliding bushing 9 supported on the bottom 3 of the casing and the cover 4.
上述永磁體13、14係關於線圈12對稱佈置,作為替代方案,該等永磁體亦可並排佈置在線圈12的一端且較佳位於鄰接電樞盤7的一端,該等永磁體亦可由單獨一個具相應強度之永磁體,如環狀磁體構成。 The permanent magnets 13, 14 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the coil 12. Alternatively, the permanent magnets may be arranged side by side at one end of the coil 12 and preferably at one end adjacent to the armature disk 7, and the permanent magnets may also be separated by a single one. A permanent magnet having a corresponding strength, such as a ring magnet.
在每個電樞盤7、8與相鄰之永磁體13、14及極體10、11之相鄰一側之間分別設有一氣隙系統的一軸向可變的氣隙L1、L2,其中,每個氣隙L1、L2皆分配有一磁系統。 An axially variable air gap L1, L2 of an air gap system is disposed between each armature disk 7, 8 and an adjacent side of the adjacent permanent magnets 13, 14 and the pole bodies 10, 11, Each of the air gaps L1, L2 is assigned a magnetic system.
該二極體10、11及該等電樞盤7、8皆由磁通傳導性能良好的材料,特別是由軟磁材料構成。電樞桿6同樣可由磁通傳導材料構成,但較佳由非磁性材料構成以防止發生漏磁通。殼體1、罩蓋4及滑動襯套9同樣由非磁性材料構成。 The diodes 10, 11 and the armature disks 7, 8 are all made of a material having good magnetic flux transmission properties, in particular, a soft magnetic material. The armature rod 6 can also be constructed of a magnetic flux conducting material, but is preferably constructed of a non-magnetic material to prevent leakage flux from occurring. The casing 1, the cover 4 and the sliding bushing 9 are also made of a non-magnetic material.
與殼體底部3相鄰的電樞盤7佈置在由殼體1及環繞該電樞盤之滑動襯套9所構成的腔室16內,該電樞盤藉由密封環17與滑動襯套9隔絕。採用該方案後,當電樞盤7朝殼體底部3運動時,處於殼體底部3與電樞盤7之間的空氣受到壓縮。藉此便能有效抑制到達該對電樞5朝殼體底部3之運動加以限制的端位。 An armature disk 7 adjacent to the bottom 3 of the housing is disposed in a chamber 16 formed by the housing 1 and a sliding bushing 9 surrounding the armature disk, the armature disk being sealed by a sealing ring 17 and a sliding bushing 9 isolated. With this solution, when the armature disk 7 moves toward the bottom 3 of the casing, the air between the casing bottom 3 and the armature disk 7 is compressed. Thereby, the end position which restricts the movement of the pair of armatures 5 toward the bottom 3 of the casing can be effectively suppressed.
上述電磁調整裝置中,電樞5可在其兩個端位中被永磁體13、14的磁力以相對較大的作用力保持住。電樞5之具有相等大小之氣隙L1、L2的中間位置處於不穩定狀態。為使電樞5朝一端位或另一端位運動而用電流短時激勵該線圈12,其中,電流方向決定電樞運動方向。 In the above electromagnetic adjusting device, the armature 5 can be held by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13, 14 in its two end positions with a relatively large force. The intermediate position of the armatures 5 having equal sizes of air gaps L1, L2 is in an unstable state. In order to move the armature 5 toward one end or the other end, the coil 12 is excited with a short current, wherein the direction of the current determines the direction of movement of the armature.
圖2至4為該磁通在該調整裝置的不同工作狀態下的場力線。圖中係繪示磁通傳導部件的軸向半截面圖。 2 to 4 show the field lines of the magnetic flux in different operating states of the adjusting device. The figure shows an axial half-section of the flux conducting component.
圖2所示示例中,以某個方向的電流激勵該線圈12,使得該電流產生一與永磁體14之磁場同向的線圈場。該二場互為補充且引發一 較強的電磁通,該電磁通以被永磁體13轉向的方式經由電樞盤7傳導。永磁體13之場在此過程中有所削弱,但同樣仍能產生作用力。因此,電樞5沿箭頭F方向被施加一強作用力,該電樞在其作用下朝右端位運動。 In the example shown in Figure 2, the coil 12 is energized with a current in a direction such that the current produces a coil field that is in the same direction as the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 14. The two games complement each other and trigger one A strong electromagnetic flux that is conducted via the armature disk 7 in a manner that is steered by the permanent magnets 13. The field of the permanent magnets 13 is weakened during this process, but it still produces force. Therefore, the armature 5 is applied with a strong force in the direction of the arrow F, and the armature moves to the right end position under its action.
圖3為電樞5在線圈12之去激勵完畢後的右端位。此時不再因線圈場而有所削弱之永磁體13產生較強的場,該場將電樞盤7包含在內並用作用力F將電樞5保持在該端位。永磁體13之場還因永磁體14的一部分場而增強。永磁體14之被右電樞盤8傳導的通量因此時較大的氣隙L2而顯著削弱,因而幾乎不起作用。 Figure 3 shows the right end of the armature 5 after the de-energization of the coil 12. The permanent magnet 13 which is no longer weakened by the coil field at this time generates a strong field which contains the armature disk 7 and holds the armature 5 at the end position by the force F. The field of the permanent magnets 13 is also enhanced by a portion of the field of the permanent magnets 14. The flux of the permanent magnet 14 conducted by the right armature disk 8 is thus significantly weakened by the larger air gap L2 and thus hardly acts.
圖4為為使電樞5反向運動而用反向電流激勵該線圈12時的磁通曲線。在此情況下,該線圈場將永磁體13之場增強,將永磁體14之場削弱,且永磁體14將線圈12與永磁體13之共同通量導往電樞盤8,使得電樞5朝左端位運動。此種運動過程中,腔室16所產生之抑制效果特別有效。 4 is a magnetic flux curve when the coil 12 is excited by a reverse current for the reverse movement of the armature 5. In this case, the coil field enhances the field of the permanent magnets 13, weakens the field of the permanent magnets 14, and the permanent magnets 14 direct the common flux of the coils 12 and the permanent magnets 13 to the armature disk 8, so that the armature 5 Move to the left. The suppression effect produced by the chamber 16 during this movement is particularly effective.
上述電磁調整裝置特別適用於操縱馬達心軸的工具夾緊裝置。圖5為一電磁調整裝置20與一馬達心軸21相組合的一種機構。馬達心軸21由多組件式心軸殼體22、定子繞組23及藉由若干滾動軸承24支承且具有轉子26的心軸25構成。心軸25上設有連續式縱向鑽孔27,該縱向鑽孔之在本圖中的下端與用於容置工具錐體29的錐形鑽孔28連通。該工具錐體29可直接安裝於加工工具上,亦可如圖所示安裝於工具座30上。縱向鑽孔27中以可軸向移動的方式設有快速夾緊裝置31以及與其固定連接且可軸向移動的挺桿32。快速夾緊裝置31與固設在工具錐體29上的夾銷33進行共同作用。在圖示的夾緊位置中,夾銷33被快速夾緊裝置31形狀配合地包圍且在預拉緊之碟簧34的作用下被拉入心軸25,從而將工具錐體29夾緊在錐形鑽孔28中。碟簧34佈置在挺桿32上,其一側沿軸向支撐在挺桿32之頭部35上,另一側支撐在抵靠縱向鑽孔27中之凸肩的止動環36上。 The electromagnetic adjustment device described above is particularly suitable for use with a tool clamping device that operates a motor spindle. Figure 5 is a mechanism in which an electromagnetic adjustment device 20 is combined with a motor spindle 21. The motor spindle 21 is composed of a multi-component spindle housing 22, a stator winding 23, and a spindle 25 supported by a plurality of rolling bearings 24 and having a rotor 26. The mandrel 25 is provided with a continuous longitudinal bore 27 which communicates with the tapered bore 28 for receiving the tool cone 29 at the lower end in the figure. The tool cone 29 can be mounted directly to the tooling tool or can be mounted to the tool holder 30 as shown. In the longitudinal bore 27, a quick-clamping device 31 and a tappet 32 fixedly connected thereto and axially movable are provided in an axially movable manner. The quick clamping device 31 cooperates with a pin 33 fixed to the tool cone 29. In the illustrated clamping position, the pin 33 is form-fitted by the quick-clamping device 31 and pulled into the mandrel 25 by the pre-tensioned disc spring 34, thereby clamping the tool cone 29 Conical borehole 28. The disc spring 34 is disposed on the tappet 32 with one side axially supported on the head 35 of the tappet 32 and the other side supported on a stop ring 36 that abuts the shoulder in the longitudinal bore 27.
調整裝置20與圖1所示調整裝置大致相同,故採用相同的元件符號。調整裝置20借助罩蓋4固設在心軸殼體22之遠離工具座30的末端。電樞桿6之伸出罩蓋4的末端卡入位於心軸25中的縱向鑽孔27,且在電樞5返回殼體1之回縮位置中,該末端之端面以極小的距離與挺桿32之頭部35相對佈置。同樣就徑向而言,電樞桿6之該末端與縱向鑽孔27之壁部間存在間隙,使得電樞桿6不會被在加工過程中進行旋轉的心軸25及連同該心軸一起旋轉的頭部35接觸到。在調整裝置20的該位置中,工具座30被快速夾緊裝置31藉由碟簧34之作用力夾緊。在線圈12未被由永磁體14與電樞盤8所構成之磁系統激勵的情況下,該電樞5係保持在該回縮位置。 The adjusting device 20 is substantially the same as the adjusting device shown in Fig. 1, and therefore the same component symbols are used. The adjustment device 20 is fixed to the end of the spindle housing 22 remote from the tool holder 30 by means of a cover 4 . The end of the extension cover 4 of the armature rod 6 snaps into the longitudinal bore 27 in the mandrel 25, and in the retracted position of the armature 5 back to the housing 1, the end face of the end is at a very small distance The heads 35 of the rods 32 are arranged opposite each other. Also in the radial direction, there is a gap between the end of the armature rod 6 and the wall of the longitudinal bore 27 so that the armature rod 6 is not to be rotated by the mandrel 25 during machining and together with the mandrel The rotating head 35 is in contact. In this position of the adjustment device 20, the tool holder 30 is clamped by the quick clamping device 31 by the force of the disc spring 34. In the case where the coil 12 is not energized by the magnetic system constituted by the permanent magnet 14 and the armature disk 8, the armature 5 is held in the retracted position.
需要更換固設有工具之工具座30時,在心軸25停止運轉後,用某個電流激勵該線圈12,在該電流的作用下,電樞桿6朝進一步伸出殼體1的位置運動(參閱圖2)。在此過程中,電樞桿6與挺桿32之頭部35發生接觸,並在反向於碟簧34之作用力方向上將挺桿32及快速夾緊裝置31壓向下方,直至夾銷33被快速夾緊裝置31釋放且工具錐體29被鬆開。透過此種方式便能手動或自動地取下工具座30及固設於其上的工具。 When it is necessary to replace the tool holder 30 to which the tool is fixed, after the mandrel 25 is stopped, the coil 12 is excited by a current, and under the action of the current, the armature rod 6 moves toward the position further protruding from the casing 1 ( See Figure 2). During this process, the armature rod 6 comes into contact with the head 35 of the tappet 32, and presses the tappet 32 and the quick-clamping device 31 downward in the direction opposite to the force of the disc spring 34 until the pin is pinned. 33 is released by the quick clamp 31 and the tool cone 29 is released. In this way, the tool holder 30 and the tool attached thereto can be manually or automatically removed.
快速夾緊裝置31釋放後,線圈12不帶電,快速夾緊裝置31之釋放位置在線圈未受激勵的情況下僅藉由永磁體13、14在反向於碟簧34之作用力方向上被保持住(參閱圖2)。 After the quick clamping device 31 is released, the coil 12 is uncharged, and the release position of the quick clamping device 31 is only by the permanent magnets 13, 14 in the direction opposite to the force of the disc spring 34 when the coil is not energized. Hold it (see Figure 2).
將新的工具***心軸25之錐形鑽孔28後,為將工具夾緊而對線圈12進行反向激勵,如圖3所示,電樞5返回殼體1。其中,新工具之夾銷33在碟簧34的作用下被夾緊裝置31卡住並夾緊在心軸25的錐形鑽孔28中。 After inserting a new tool into the tapered bore 28 of the mandrel 25, the coil 12 is reversely energized to clamp the tool, as shown in Figure 3, the armature 5 is returned to the housing 1. Among them, the pin 33 of the new tool is caught by the clamping device 31 by the disc spring 34 and clamped in the tapered bore 28 of the mandrel 25.
1‧‧‧殼體 1‧‧‧shell
2‧‧‧鑽孔 2‧‧‧Drilling
3‧‧‧殼體底部 3‧‧‧Bottom of the casing
4‧‧‧罩蓋 4‧‧‧ Cover
5‧‧‧電樞 5‧‧‧ Armature
6‧‧‧電樞桿 6‧‧‧Electrical rod
7‧‧‧電樞盤 7‧‧‧ armature disk
8‧‧‧電樞盤 8‧‧‧ armature disk
9‧‧‧滑動襯套 9‧‧‧Sliding bushing
10‧‧‧極體,內極體 10‧‧‧ polar body, inner body
11‧‧‧極體,外極體 11‧‧‧ polar body, outer body
12‧‧‧線圈 12‧‧‧ coil
13‧‧‧永磁體 13‧‧‧ permanent magnet
14‧‧‧永磁體 14‧‧‧ permanent magnet
16‧‧‧腔室 16‧‧‧ chamber
17‧‧‧密封環,密封件 17‧‧‧Seal ring, seal
L1‧‧‧氣隙 L1‧‧‧ air gap
L2‧‧‧氣隙 L2‧‧‧ air gap
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TW201443942A (en) | 2014-11-16 |
ES2635624T3 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
EP2973618A2 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2973618B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
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