EP2973618A2 - Electromagnetic actuating device and combination of electromagnetic actuating device and motor spindle - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuating device and combination of electromagnetic actuating device and motor spindleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2973618A2 EP2973618A2 EP14711708.9A EP14711708A EP2973618A2 EP 2973618 A2 EP2973618 A2 EP 2973618A2 EP 14711708 A EP14711708 A EP 14711708A EP 2973618 A2 EP2973618 A2 EP 2973618A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- coil
- housing
- adjusting device
- spindle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000004508 polar body Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
- H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device having an armature movable along an axis in a housing between two end positions, at least one magnet system which is connected by means of a permanent magnet polarized radially to the axis and forms an air gap system with the armature, and with one a power source connectable coil.
- the invention also relates to a combination of an electromagnetic actuator and a motor spindle.
- DE 197 12 293 A1 discloses an electromagnetically operating actuating device with two magnet systems which are spaced apart from one another and each have an exciter coil, between which an armature disk fixedly connected to a stator is arranged.
- the armature disk is located between two oppositely acting springs and is movable by the magnet systems in two switching positions.
- a permanent magnet polarized in the direction of movement of the armature, which stabilizes the armature in the energized state in a switching position. If the armature is to be held in the other switching position, permanent energization is required.
- EP 0 568 028 A1 discloses an electromagnetic linear motor comprising an armature, two inner pole shoes, two outer pole shoes, two permanent magnets and a coil, the armature with the inner pole shoes and the outer pole shoes having an air gap system of four in the axial direction forms variable magnetic air gaps, which are the same size in the middle position.
- the permanent magnets stabilize the armature with the electroless coil in the middle position.
- the pole shoes are formed in a half-shell shape and form with the half-shell-shaped permanent magnet two fixed magnet systems.
- a magnetic device which has a magnetically conductive outer housing, in which axially movable an iron core and a coil surrounding the iron core are arranged.
- the permanent magnets form two magnetic circuits, through which the iron core can be held in two working positions. By energizing the coil in one or the other current direction of the iron core can be moved to the other working position in which it remains in the current de-energized coil.
- the cylindrical shape of the iron core and the polarization of the permanent magnets can not expect high holding forces in the working positions.
- An electromagnetic solenoid for achieving high holding forces in the stable end positions is known from DE 102 07 828 B4. It consists of a stator with two axially spaced magnet systems, each having an excitation winding for generating an electromagnetic flux. Between the two magnet systems, an armature is guided, which carries a polarized perpendicular to its direction of permanent magnet assembly for permanent retention of the armature without energization of the field winding.
- the permanent magnet arrangement is in this case between the two exciter windings, whereby their effectiveness is impaired as a result of leakage flux.
- the most brittle material of the permanent magnet assembly may suffer from jerky movement of the armature.
- the invention has for its object to provide an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned above, which is stable in both end positions without excitement with power and can accommodate high holding forces at least in one end position.
- the actuator should continue to be simple and inexpensive to produce. This object is achieved by an electromagnetic actuator with the features specified in claim 1.
- Advantageous embodiments of the adjusting device are specified in claims 2 to 9.
- the electromagnetic actuating device comprises a housing having an armature movable along an axis in the housing between two end positions, comprising two armature disks spaced apart from each other with an armature shaft, and at least one annular array of radial poles to the axis - Magnetized permanent magnet comprehensive system that is fixed to the housing between the armature discs and forms an air gap system with axially variable air gaps with these, and further arranged between the two magnet systems, connectable to a power source, annular coil.
- the magnet systems and the air gap systems are in this case designed so that the armature without excitation of the coil in each of the two end positions can only be retained by permanent magnetic flux and is movable by excitation of the coil from a respectively occupied end position in the opposite end position.
- the adjusting device according to the invention has the advantage that the armature of simple elements, the two armature discs of magnetic flux conductive, eg soft magnetic material and the armature shaft, which may consist of non-magnetic or soft magnetic material, can be produced. A trained in this way anchor is insensitive to shock loads, thus ensuring a long life of the actuator.
- Dre permanent magnet may consist in this arrangement of annularly arranged individual magnets or be formed in the form of a ring magnet.
- magnets can be made of sensitive Magnetic materials, such as composites, can be used, which allow high polarization values and field strengths.
- the arrangement of the permanent magnets between polar bodies and immediately adjacent the armature discs allows high holding forces when the coil is not energized. Furthermore, the use of only one coil contributes to low manufacturing costs and small size.
- the armature, the magnet system and the coil are rotationally symmetrical.
- two magnet systems may be provided with respect to the radial center plane of the coil symmetrically arranged and the same direction radially polarized permanent magnet.
- the magnet or magnets and the coil between inner and outer pole bodies of soft magnetic material are arranged, which have the form of closed rings.
- the axial thickness of the armature discs is preferably the same, but may also be different in order to achieve different holding forces in the two end bearings.
- At least one anchor plate can be cylindrical and arranged in a closed on one side, cylindrical chamber of the housing, wherein the armature disc is sealed at its periphery relative to the wall of the chamber by means of a seal.
- the chamber forms an enclosed space with the armature disk, so that the medium contained in the space, preferably air, is compressed upon penetration of the armature disk into the room and the anchor on the way to the end position following this movement direction delays and reaching the end position dampens. It has surprisingly been found that a relatively small air volume is already sufficient to effect an effective damping of the anchor stop.
- the housing of the actuator, which also forms the chamber, according to the invention preferably consists of a non-magnetic material in order to avoid a dispersion of the magnetic flux and to concentrate the flux on the armature.
- a particularly advantageous use of the adjusting device according to the invention comprises according to claim 10 a combination with a motor spindle, which contains in a spindle housing an electric motor and a rotatably driven by this spindle with a tool holder for a tool for machining workpiece machining, wherein the spindle as a hollow shaft is formed and in its longitudinal bore a held by spring force in a closed position quick release device for clamping a tool or a tool holder, wherein the housing of the adjusting device is fixed to the spindle housing with coaxial with the spindle aligned axis, and wherein the armature with a longitudinal bore in the Spindle axially displaceable plunger engage and can move the clamping device overcoming the spring force in a release position.
- the combination according to the invention can be costly and often regarded as disadvantageous, driven by pneumatic or hydraulic power actuators eliminated, which are now common for operating tool clamping devices in motor spindles.
- the adjusting device according to the invention can be achieved with a suitable size and acceptable weight sufficiently high actuating forces to press the spring tension sets of such tool clamping devices together and to solve the tensioning device.
- the holding forces required for holding the tool clamping device in the release position can be generated by means of the permanent magnets so that the spool must be actuated briefly only to release the tool clamping device and to return to the clamping position.
- the combination according to the invention thus enables motor spindles which require only one drive energy, namely electrical current, for clamping and relaxing the tool and for driving the tool for carrying out machining operations.
- the adjusting device can, as the embodiment shows, be mounted directly on the motor spindle.
- the invention also includes embodiments in which the actuating movement and actuating force are controlled by a mechanical transmission system, e.g. Pull-pressure cable, or transmitted by a hydraulic transmission system to the motor spindle. The latter may be advantageous to keep the weight of the motor spindle small.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of the field lines when the coil is energized to generate a force in a first direction
- Figure 3 is a representation of the field lines in the current-de-energized coil
- Figure 4 permanent magnetically held position according to Figure 2,
- Figure 4 is a representation of the field lines at reversely energized coil for generating a force in a second direction,
- Figure 5 shows a cross section through one with an adjusting device according to the
- Invention provided motor spindle.
- the electromagnetic actuator shown in Figure 1 comprises a cup-shaped housing 1 with an axis extending along a cylindrical bore 2, which at one end by a housing bottom 3 and at other end is closed by a cover 4 attached to the housing 1.
- the armature shaft 6 extends through a bore 2 in the lid 4 and is guided in this.
- the armature discs 7, 8 have parallel side surfaces and cylindrical outer surfaces, with which they are mounted in slide bushings 9, which are arranged in the bore 2 of the housing 1.
- an inner, annular pole body 10 and at a radial distance from this an outer, annular polar body 1 1 are arranged.
- an outer, annular polar body 1 1 In the annular space between the two pole bodies 10, 1 1 is a coil having at least one coil 12 and on both sides of the coil 12 each have a permanent magnet 13, 14.
- the two permanent magnets 13, 14 are radially in the same direction and thus transverse to the direction of movement of the armature 5 polarized and form with the polar bodies 10, 1 1 and the armature discs 7, 8 two magnet systems.
- the permanent magnets 13, 14 are arranged annularly around the pole body 10 and can be designed as ring magnets or as an arrangement of the same direction polarized individual magnet.
- the polar body 10, 1 1 and the permanent magnets 13, 14 are fixedly connected to each other and the outer pole body 1 1 is axially fixed in the housing 1 by means of sliding bushes 9, which are supported on the housing bottom 3 and on the cover 4.
- the coil 12 may also adjacent to one another on one side of the coil 12, preferably the armature disc 7, arranged or formed by a single permanent magnet corresponding strength, such as a ring magnet.
- each air gap L1, L2 is associated with a magnetic system.
- the two pole bodies 10, 11 and the armature disks 7, 8 consist of a magnetic flux which conducts well, in particular soft magnetic material.
- the armature shaft 6 may also be made of magnetic flux conductive material, but preferably it consists of non-magnetic material to counteract a scattering of the flow.
- the housing 1, the cover 4 and the sliding bushes 9 are also made of non-magnetic material.
- the armature disk 7 adjacent to the housing bottom 3 is arranged in a chamber 16 formed by the housing 1 and the sliding bushings 9 surrounding it and is sealed off from the sliding bushes 9 by a sealing ring 17.
- a sealing ring 17 the air which is located between the housing bottom 3 and the armature disk 7, compressed when the armature disk 7 moves in the direction of the housing bottom 3.
- the achievement of the movement of the armature 5 in the direction of the housing bottom 3 limiting end position is effectively damped.
- the armature 5 can be held in its two end positions by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 13, 14 with a comparatively high force.
- the center position of the armature 5 with equal air gaps L1, L2 is unstable.
- the coil 12 is briefly energized with a current, wherein the current direction determines the direction of the armature movement.
- FIG. 2 to 4 show the field lines of the magnetic flux at different operating states of the adjusting device. Shown here is in each case half the axial section of the magnetic flux conducting parts.
- the coil 12 is energized with a current of such a direction that it generates a coil field which is in the same direction as the field of the permanent magnet 14. Both fields complement each other and cause a strong electromagnetic flux, which is guided by the permanent magnet 13 deflected over the armature disk 7.
- the field of the permanent magnet 13 is weakened here, but is also still force generating effective.
- On the armature 5 thereby acts a strong force in the direction of the arrow F, through which the armature is moved to the right end position.
- FIG. 3 shows the right-hand end position of the armature 5 after the coil 12 has been excited.
- the permanent magnet which is no longer weakened by the coil field, is shown in FIG.
- the field of the permanent magnet 13 is additionally reinforced by a part of the field of the permanent magnet 14.
- the guided by the right armature disc 8 flow of the permanent magnet 14 is greatly weakened by the here large air gap L2 and therefore hardly effective.
- Figure 4 shows the course of the magnetic flux upon energization of the coil 12 with a current of reverse direction to move the armature 5 in the opposite direction.
- the coil field amplifies the field of the permanent magnet 13 and weakens the field of the permanent magnet
- the permanent magnet 14 and the permanent magnet 14 directs the common flow of coil 12 and permanent magnet 13 to the armature disc 8, so that the armature 5 is moved to the left end position. During this movement, the damping caused by the chamber 16 is particularly effective.
- FIG. 5 shows such an application in which an electromagnetic actuating device 20 is combined with a motor spindle 21.
- the motor spindle 21 consists of a multi-part spindle housing 22, a stator winding
- the spindle 25 is provided with a continuous longitudinal bore 27, which opens at the lower end in the drawing in a conical bore 28 for receiving a tool cone 29.
- the tool cone 29 can either be attached directly to a machining tool or, as shown in the drawing, to a tool holder 30.
- In the longitudinal bore 27 is axially slidably mounted a quick-release device 31 and a fixedly connected to this plunger 32 axially displaceable.
- the quick-action clamping device 31 cooperates with a clamping pin 33, which is fastened to the tool cone 29.
- the clamping pin 33 In the clamping position shown in the drawing, the clamping pin 33 is positively embraced by the quick release device 31 and pulled by the force of biased disc springs 34 in the spindle 25, whereby the tool cone 29 is clamped in the conical bore 28.
- the plate springs 34 are arranged on the plunger 32 and are supported in the axial direction on the head 35 of the plunger 32 on the one hand and on a stop ring 36 on the other hand, which bears against a shoulder in the longitudinal bore 27.
- the adjusting device 20 substantially corresponds to the adjusting device shown in Figure 1 and is therefore provided with the same reference numerals.
- the adjusting device 20 is attached to the side facing away from the tool holder 30 end of the spindle housing 22 by means of the cover 4.
- the protruding from the lid 4 end of the armature shaft 6 engages in the longitudinal bore 27 in the spindle 25 and is located in the retracted into the housing 1 position of the armature 5 with its end face the head 35 of the plunger 32 with a small distance. Also radially between the end of the armature shaft 6 and the wall of the longitudinal bore 27 a game exists, so that the armature shaft 6 is not touched by the rotating during machining operations spindle 25 and the rotating head 35 with this.
- the tool holder 30 is tensioned by the adjusting jig 31 by means of the force of the disc springs 34.
- the armature 5 is without excitation of the coil 12 by the magnetic system of Perma- Magnetic magnet 14 and armature disc 8 held in the retracted position.
- the coil 12 is energized with a current through which, as shown in FIG. 2, the armature shaft 6 moves into the position moved out of the housing 1 becomes.
- the armature shaft 6 comes here with the head 35 of the plunger 32 into contact and presses against the force of the disc springs 34, the plunger 32 with the Schnellspannvor- direction 31 far enough down that the clamping pin 33 released from the quick release device 31 and the tool cone 29 is released , The tool holder 30 and the attached tool can be removed in this way by hand or automatically.
- the coil 12 After releasing the quick-release device 31, the coil 12 is de-energized and held the release position of the quick-release device 31 without energizing the coil alone by the permanent magnets 13, 14, as shown in Figure 2, against the force of the disc springs 34.
- the spool 12 After inserting the new tool in the tapered bore 28 of the spindle 25, the spool 12 is excited inversely for clamping a new tool and, as shown in Figure 3, the armature 5 is moved back into the housing 1. With the aid of the disc springs 34, the clamping pin 33 of the new tool is gripped by the clamping device 31 and clamped in the conical bore 28 of the spindle 25.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013102400.9A DE102013102400B4 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2013-03-11 | Electromagnetic actuator and combination of electromagnetic actuator and motor spindle |
PCT/EP2014/054545 WO2014139926A2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-03-10 | Electromagnetic actuating device and combination of electromagnetic actuating device and motor spindle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2973618A2 true EP2973618A2 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2973618B1 EP2973618B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
Family
ID=50343749
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14711708.9A Active EP2973618B1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-03-10 | Electromagnetic actuating device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2973618B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013102400B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2635624T3 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI603353B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014139926A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105655086A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-06-08 | 焦作市华鹰机电技术有限公司 | Bilateral normal electromagnetic actuator with high performance |
JP7393125B2 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2023-12-06 | フスコ オートモーティブ ホールディングス エル・エル・シー | Bistable solenoid with intermediate states |
FR3089314B1 (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-02-26 | Moving Magnet Tech | ADJUSTABLE EFFORT DEVICE |
DE102019000135A1 (en) * | 2019-01-13 | 2020-07-16 | LONG-TIME-LINER Conture Make up GmbH | Linear drive for pigmentation devices |
DE102020109120B4 (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2022-02-03 | Alfred Jäger GmbH | Electromagnetic actuator and its use |
WO2023241760A1 (en) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-21 | Alfred Jäger GmbH | Magnetic actuating device |
DE102022114839A1 (en) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-14 | Alfred Jäger GmbH | Magnetic actuator |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4214284A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Schneider Co Optische Werke | ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR MOTOR |
DE19712293A1 (en) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-10-01 | Binder Magnete | Electromagnetic actuator |
DE19958888A1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-13 | Sheng Chih Sheng | Bidirectional electro magnetic linear actuator for valve, has armature located in exciting coil with permanent magnets for providing holding force at end sections |
DE10123270B4 (en) * | 2001-05-12 | 2010-12-30 | Andreas Maier Gmbh & Co. Kg | Clamping device with driven retractable nipple |
DE20114466U1 (en) * | 2001-09-01 | 2002-01-03 | Eto Magnetic Kg | Electromagnetic actuator |
DE10207828B4 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2004-10-07 | Technische Universität Dresden | Electromagnetic solenoid |
FR2884349B1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2007-05-18 | Moving Magnet Tech Mmt | BITABLE POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH QUICK ACTUATION |
DE102011001866A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-11 | Mag Ias Gmbh | Workpiece clamping device and machine tool |
-
2013
- 2013-03-11 DE DE102013102400.9A patent/DE102013102400B4/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-02-07 TW TW103103989A patent/TWI603353B/en active
- 2014-03-10 EP EP14711708.9A patent/EP2973618B1/en active Active
- 2014-03-10 WO PCT/EP2014/054545 patent/WO2014139926A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-10 ES ES14711708.9T patent/ES2635624T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014139926A2 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
DE102013102400B4 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
DE102013102400A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
WO2014139926A3 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
TWI603353B (en) | 2017-10-21 |
TW201443942A (en) | 2014-11-16 |
ES2635624T3 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
EP2973618B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
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