TWI586922B - 用於由合成氣發酵法發電的系統 - Google Patents

用於由合成氣發酵法發電的系統 Download PDF

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TWI586922B
TWI586922B TW101112053A TW101112053A TWI586922B TW I586922 B TWI586922 B TW I586922B TW 101112053 A TW101112053 A TW 101112053A TW 101112053 A TW101112053 A TW 101112053A TW I586922 B TWI586922 B TW I586922B
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syngas
high pressure
exhaust
boiler
waste heat
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TW201248085A (en
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彼得Ｓ 貝爾
金 歐克菲米亞
史蒂芬Ｊ 班斯提
格雷姆 帕克
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億諾斯生物有限公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
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    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
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Description

用於由合成氣發酵法發電的系統
本申請案主張美國臨時專利申請案號61/516,667、61/516,704及61/516,646之利益，其全部在2011年4月6日提出，及其全部之全文於此以參考併入本文。
本發明提供一種用於合成氣發酵法發電的系統及方法。更特別的是，提供一種用以從合成氣之氣化及發酵產生高壓蒸氣的方法。
發明背景
微生物可經由氣體基質之發酵從一氧化碳(CO)製造乙醇及其它化合物。經常以合成氣形式將CO提供至發酵作為氣體基質的部分。氣化含碳材料以製造包含一氧化碳與氫的發生爐氣或合成氣體或合成氣在技藝中熟知。典型來說，此氣化方法包括含碳材料之部分氧化或缺氧氧化，其中將次化學計量的氧量供應至該氣化方法以促進一氧化碳之製造。
藉由在技藝中所描述的氣化方法所製造之合成氣可熱而需要在下游加工及隨後發酵前冷卻。包含在氣化裝置中所產生的一氧化碳之熱合成氣在熱交換器或該氣化裝置的下游廢熱鍋爐中冷卻，參見例如美國專利案號6,435,139；美國專利案號7,587,995及美國專利案號7,552,701。回收及使用熱合成氣的此熱成分對方法經濟學來說可非常重要。
發明概要
本發明提供一種有效從合成氣發酵程序產生高壓蒸氣的方法及系統。該方法包括讓具有溫度高於約1400℉的熱合成氣與冷卻的合成氣接觸，以製造一在廢熱鍋爐的注入口處具有溫度1400℉或較低之預冷卻的合成氣。廢熱鍋爐接收該預冷卻的合成氣及有效用於產生廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣及冷卻的合成氣。
本發明提供一種用以從合成氣發酵程序產生高壓蒸氣的系統。該系統包括一廢熱鍋爐，其經配置以接收具有溫度1400℉或較低的合成氣。該廢熱鍋爐有效用於產生廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣及冷卻的合成氣。排氣燃燒器接收來自發酵槽的貧合成氣，及該排氣燃燒器有效用於產生熱排氣燃燒器氣體。排氣鍋爐過熱器接收該熱排氣燃燒器氣體，及該排氣鍋爐過熱器有效用於產生排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣。蒸氣混合器接收及混合該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣與該排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣，以產生結合的高壓蒸氣。
在另一個觀點中，提供一種用以從合成氣發酵程序產生高壓蒸氣的方法。該方法包括在氣化器中燃燒含碳材料以形成一具有溫度高於約1400℉的熱合成氣，及預冷卻該合成氣以產生一在廢熱鍋爐的注入口處具有平均溫度1400℉或較低之預冷卻的合成氣。廢熱鍋爐接收該預冷卻的合成氣及有效用於產生廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣與冷卻的合成氣。發酵槽接收冷卻的合成氣。排氣燃燒器接收來自發 酵槽的排出口之貧合成氣，及該排氣燃燒器有效用於產生熱排氣鍋爐氣體。排氣鍋爐過熱器接收該熱排氣燃燒器氣體與廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣，及產生結合的高壓蒸氣。
圖式簡單說明
將從下列圖形中更明瞭本方法的上述及其它觀點、數個觀點之特徵及優點。
第1圖係一系統的總覽，其包括一廢熱鍋爐及排氣鍋爐。
第2A圖及第2B圖闡明另一個觀點的廢熱鍋爐系統。
第3圖闡明另一個觀點的排氣鍋爐系統。
第4圖係另一個觀點的系統之總覽，其包括一廢熱鍋爐及排氣鍋爐。
相應的參考符號遍及數個描繪圖指示出相應的構件。熟練的人士將察知在圖形中的元件係為了簡易及清楚地闡明，其不必呈比例繪製。例如，在圖形中，某些元件的尺寸可相對於其它元件過大以幫助改善了解本方法及裝置的多個觀點。同樣地，經常不描出在商業可行的觀點中有用或需要之常見但是充分了解的元件，以幫助不妨礙地觀看這些不同觀點。
較佳實施例之詳細說明
下列描述不欲以限制性觀念採用，而是僅用於描述出範例性具體實例之一般原理的目的。本發明之範圍應該參照申請專利範圍而決定。
於此所描述的方法及系統有效地將在合成氣的氣化及發酵期間所產生之熱轉移進高壓蒸氣中用以產生電能。該方法及系統提供過多超過整體系統所需要之電能。
定義
除非其它方面有所定義，否則遍及本揭示的此專利說明書所使用之下列用語皆如下所定義及可包括下列所定義的定義之單或複數形式：修飾任何量的用語"約"指為在真實世界條件中(例如，在實驗室、中型試驗工廠或製造設施中)所遭遇到的量之變量。例如，在混合物中所使用的成份或度量之量或定量當由"約"所修飾時，其包括典型在製造工廠或實驗室的實驗條件下測量時所使用的變量及關心程度。例如，產物組分的量當由"約"修飾時，其包括在工廠或實驗室的多重實驗批次間之變量及在分析方法中固有的變量。不論是否由"約"所修飾，該等量皆包括那些量的同等物。於本文所描述及由"約"所修飾的任何定量亦可使用在本揭示中，如未由"約"修飾的量般。
如於本文中所使用，"含碳材料"指為富碳材料，諸如煤及石化製品。但是，在此專利說明書中，含碳材料包括任何碳材料，不論是呈固體、液體、氣體或漿狀態。在可視為含碳材料的許多項目當中，本揭示考慮到：含碳材料、含碳液體產物、含碳工業再循環液體、含碳都市固體廢棄物(MSW或msw)、含碳城鎮廢棄物、含碳農業材料、含碳林業材料、含碳木質廢棄物、含碳建築材料、含碳植 物材料、含碳工業廢棄物、含碳發酵廢棄物、含碳石化副產品、含碳醇生產副產品、含碳煤、輪胎、塑膠、廢塑料、焦爐焦油、纖維軟物質(fibersoft)、木質素、黑液、聚合物、廢棄聚合物、聚對酞酸乙二酯(PETA)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、污水淤泥、動物廢棄物、莊稼殘渣、能源作物、森林加工殘餘物、木材加工殘餘物、家畜廢棄物、家禽廢棄物、食物加工殘餘物、發酵過程廢棄物、乙醇副產品、穀渣、用過的微生物或其組合。
用語"纖維軟物質(fibersoft)"或"纖維軟物質(Fibersoft)"或"纖維軟物質(fibrosoft)"或"纖維軟物質(fibrousoft)"意謂著由於多種物質的軟化及濃縮所產生之含碳材料型式；在實施例中，含碳材料係經由多種物質的蒸氣熱壓而製造。在另一個實施例中，該纖維軟物質可包括蒸氣熱壓產生自纖維糊狀材料的城市、工業、商業、醫療廢棄物。
用語"都市固體廢棄物"或"MSW"或"msw"意謂著包含家用、商業、工業及/或殘餘廢棄物的廢棄物。
用語"合成氣"或"合成氣體"意謂著合成氣體，其係一提供給包含不同量的一氧化碳及氫之氣體混合物的名稱。製造方法的實施例包括天然氣或烴之蒸氣重組以產生氫、煤之氣化及在某些型式的廢棄物轉能源氣化設施中。該名稱來自其作為在產生合成天然氣(SNG)時的中間物及用於製造氨或甲醇的用途。合成氣可燃燒及經常使用作為燃料來源或作為用於其它化學物質之製造的中間物。
在一個觀點中，含碳材料之氣化提供合成氣。氣化包括生物質在限制性供應氧下之部分燃燒。所產生的氣體包括CO及H2。在此觀點中，合成氣將包含至少約20莫耳%的CO，在一個觀點中，約20至約100莫耳%的CO，在另一個觀點中，約30至約90莫耳%的CO，在另一個觀點中，約40至約80莫耳%的CO，及在另一個觀點中，約50至約70莫耳%的CO。該合成氣將具有CO/CO2比率至少約0.75。序號61/516,667、61/516,704及61/516,646描述出合適的氣化方法及裝置之某些實施例(美國序號61/516,667、61/516,704及61/516,646，其全部皆在2011年4月6日提出，及其全部皆以參考之方式併入本文)。離開該氣化器的合成氣將具有溫度高於約1400℉，及在另一個觀點中，至少約1400℉至約3500℉。該氣化方法對焦油之破壞有效。
用語"發酵"、"發酵程序"或"發酵反應"及其類似用語想要包括該程序的生長階段及產物生物合成階段二者。在一個觀點中，發酵指為CO轉換成醇。
高壓蒸氣系統
第1圖闡明一種用以產生高壓蒸氣的系統。如顯示在第1圖中，該方法及系統藉由摻合離開氣化器(無顯示)的熱合成氣110與再循環冷卻的合成氣提供一摻合的合成氣120。再循環冷卻的合成氣140接觸在離開氣化器後的熱合成氣110。該再循環冷卻的合成氣140在該熱合成氣離開氣化器後及在該摻合的合成氣120輸入廢熱鍋爐100前之位置處接觸該熱合成氣110。在此觀點中，該再循環冷卻的 合成氣140具有溫度約350℉至約450℉。導管或輸送管將該再循環冷卻的合成氣140傳遞至熱合成氣110。該再循環冷卻的合成氣140之傳遞提供約0.1至約20的再循環冷卻合成氣140對熱合成氣之比率。在其它觀點中，再循環冷卻的合成氣對熱合成氣之比率可包括約1至約15，約1至約10，約1至約5，約1至約4，約1至約3，約1至約2，及約1至約1。
該摻合的合成氣120具有平均溫度約1400℉或較低，在另一個觀點中，約600℉至約1400℉，在另一個觀點中，約750℉至約1400℉，在另一個觀點中，約600℉至約1400℉，在另一個觀點中，約750℉至約1200℉，在另一個觀點中，約750℉至約900℉，在另一個觀點中，約750℉至約825℉，及在另一個觀點中，約600℉至約900℉。該摻合的合成氣120在輸入廢熱鍋爐100前到達這些溫度。在此觀點中，熱電耦測量在輸入廢熱鍋爐100前於廢熱鍋爐的注入口處之溫度。該熱電耦可配置在穿越注入口直徑的任何位置處。
如於本文中所使用，"平均溫度"指為使用已知方法來決定穿越直徑的多個溫度，然後以平均表示出那些多個溫度度量。在一個觀點中，可使用電腦模型來提供平均溫度。在其它觀點中，可使用配備用於此測量的溫度計、紅外線檢測及其類似物進行多個溫度測量。
如於本文中所使用，用語"焦油"包括(不限於)氣體焦油、液體焦油、固體焦油、焦油形成物質或其混合物，其 通常包含烴及其衍生物。大量熟知可使用來測量焦油的焦油測量方法存在。一大族群的技術包括以與偵測器耦合之液或氣相色層分析法為基礎的分析方法。在測量焦油的情況中，最常用的偵測器係火焰離子化偵測器(FID)及質譜儀。另一族群的技術包括光譜方法，其包括偵測及分析光譜。此例如有紅外線、紫外線(UV)或發光光譜儀、及LIBS(雷射感應破裂光譜法(Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy))技術。另一種用來監視燃燒氣體的技術為FTIR(傅立葉(Fourier)轉換紅外線)紅外線光譜儀。各種各樣的文件提到此技術，諸如例如WO 2006015660、WO 03060480及美國專利案號5,984,998。
有存在其它已知允許連續監視焦油的電子方法。這些技術包括具有電化學電池的偵測器及具有半導體的感應器。多種重量技術亦可使用於焦油測量。在一個觀點中，焦油的量可表示如為碳的相等ppm。在此觀點中，該烴可為苯或醇，諸如甲醇。在此觀點中，焦油濃度當量或焦油當量最佳與如為苯的相等ppm(莫耳濃度)相應。在該氣化裝置的輸出處及該合成氣之任何實質上冷卻的上游處測量該焦油濃度係有用。
如進一步顯示在第1圖中，該方法及系統將摻合的合成氣120提供至廢熱鍋爐100。該廢熱鍋爐100可為任何已知型式有效用於從摻合的合成氣120提供熱傳遞的廢熱鍋爐。在此觀點中，該廢熱鍋爐100接收水/蒸氣160及該廢熱鍋爐有效用於提供冷卻的合成氣130及廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸 氣170。在此觀點中，該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣170具有壓力約50 psig至約950 psig。該方法及系統包括將來自廢熱鍋爐100之冷卻的合成氣130的一部分再循環140至該熱合成氣110。發酵槽接收冷卻的合成氣130，其不再循環150。
排氣燃燒器200接收來自發酵槽的貧合成氣210或廢氣。貧合成氣210典型將具有CO/CO2比率小於約1.0，在另一個觀點中，約0.01至約1.0，在另一個觀點中，約0.01至約0.5，及在另一個觀點中，約0.01至約0.1。在發酵槽中低CO轉換的事件中，該貧合成氣可具有較高的CO濃度。在此觀點中，該貧合成氣210或廢氣可具有多於約0.1的CO/CO2莫耳比率。該排氣燃燒器200燃燒該貧合成氣210。將空氣220傳遞至排氣燃燒器200可提高燃燒。排氣燃燒器200可包括在技藝中已知的那些之任何一種。該排氣燃燒器200提供熱排氣燃燒器氣體230。在此觀點中，該排氣燃燒器氣體具有溫度約1500℉至約3000℉。
排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收熱排氣燃燒器氣體230。排氣鍋爐過熱器可包括在技藝中已知的那些之任何一種。該排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收水/蒸氣310及該排氣鍋爐過熱器300提供冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體320與排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330。在此觀點中，該排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330具有壓力約600 psig至約950 psig，及在另一個觀點中，約875 psig至約925 psig。在蒸氣摻合器180中結合該排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330與該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣170。該蒸氣摻合器180提供具有壓力約600 psig至約950 psig之結合的高壓蒸氣400，及在另一 個觀點中，約875 psig至約925 psig。該結合的高壓蒸氣400使用來產生電能。可使用高壓蒸氣來發電的設備之實施例包括在技藝中已知的那些，例如，蒸氣渦輪機。在此觀點中，將蒸氣壓力從約600 psig增加至約900 psig將產生淨電能效益。
在另一個觀點中，該系統可在廢熱鍋爐100與蒸氣摻合器180間，及在排氣鍋爐過熱器300與蒸氣摻合器180間包括蒸汽鼓(無顯示)。
另一種廢熱鍋爐組態顯示在第2A圖中。此觀點包括廢熱鍋爐100及廢熱鍋爐預熱器101(亦指為節熱器)二者。如顯示在第2A圖中，該方法及系統藉由摻合離開氣化器(無顯示)的熱合成氣110與再循環冷卻的合成氣140提供摻合的合成氣120。如於本文中所描述，含碳材料之氣化可提供合成氣。該合成氣將包含至少約20莫耳%的CO，及將具有溫度高於約1400℉。廢熱鍋爐100提供半冷卻的合成氣125。在此觀點中，該半冷卻的合成氣125具有溫度約500℉至約750℉。
廢熱鍋爐預熱器101接收該半冷卻的合成氣125。該廢熱鍋爐預熱器101接收水/蒸氣160及提供冷卻的合成氣130及預熱的水/蒸氣165。該方法及系統包括將來自廢熱鍋爐預熱器101之冷卻的合成氣130的一部分再循環140至熱合成氣110。發酵槽接收不再循環150之冷卻的合成氣130。廢熱鍋爐100接收來自廢熱鍋爐預熱器101之預熱的水/蒸氣165。廢熱鍋爐100有效用於提供冷卻的合成氣130 與廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣170。
在如顯示於第2B圖的另一個觀點中，該方法及系統包括將來自廢熱鍋爐100之半冷卻的合成氣125的一部分再循環至熱合成氣110。廢熱鍋爐預熱器101接收不再循環126之半冷卻的合成氣的一部分。在另一個觀點中，顯示在第2A及2B圖中的組態可包括蒸汽鼓(無顯示)。可配置一蒸汽鼓以接收預熱的水/蒸氣165。
第3圖闡明另一種排氣鍋爐過熱器系統組態。在此觀點中，排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收熱排氣燃燒器氣體230。排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收預熱的蒸氣312及提供排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330與半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體322。在此觀點中，排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330具有壓力約600 psig至約950 psig，及半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體322具有溫度約2000℉至約2500℉。在一個觀點中，排氣鍋爐蒸氣產生器301接收半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體322。排氣鍋爐蒸氣產生器301接收預熱的水/蒸氣311及提供預熱的蒸氣312與半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體321。在另一個觀點中，排氣鍋爐進料水預熱器302接收半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體321。排氣鍋爐進料水預熱器302接收水/蒸氣310及提供預熱的水/蒸氣311與冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體320。在另一個觀點中，顯示在第3圖中的組態可包括經配置以接收預熱的蒸氣331之蒸汽鼓(無顯示)及可提供水/蒸氣310。
第4圖闡明用以產生高壓蒸氣的系統之另一個觀點。如顯示在第4圖中，排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收熱排氣燃燒器 氣體230。排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收預熱的蒸氣312及提供排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330與半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體322。在此觀點中，藉由摻合廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣170與來自排氣鍋爐蒸氣產生器之預熱的蒸氣331提供預熱的蒸氣312。所產生的排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣330具有壓力約600 psig至約950 psig。顯示在第4圖中的組態亦可包括一經配置以接收預熱的蒸氣331之蒸汽鼓(無顯示)。
在一個觀點中，該排氣燃燒器氣體具有溫度約1500℉至約3000℉。該排氣鍋爐過熱器300亦接收廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣170。該排氣鍋爐過熱器300接收水/蒸氣310，及該排氣鍋爐過熱器300提供冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體320及具有壓力約600 psig至約950 psig之結合的高壓蒸氣400。使用該結合的高壓蒸氣400來產生電能。在此觀點中，在過度加熱前混合廢熱鍋爐蒸氣與排氣鍋爐蒸氣取代在該排出鍋爐蒸氣已經過熱後混合該廢熱鍋爐蒸氣將產生淨電能效益。
實施例 實施例1：合成氣冷卻器注入口溫度在熱傳遞及積垢上的效應
以描述在下列的溫度及流速操作具有於此所描述的設計之氣化器。積垢因數如指示出般決定。
在600℉注入口溫度處對合成氣冷卻器的積垢因數：
在600℉注入口處的平均積垢因數係0.019BTU/(平方呎小時℉)。
以描述在下列的較低合成氣冷卻器注入口溫度及流速操作具有於此所描述的設計之氣化器。積垢因數如指示出般決定。
在1300℉注入口溫度處對合成氣冷卻器的積垢因數：
在1300℉注入口處的平均積垢因數係0.078BTU/(平方呎小時℉)。
雖然已經藉由特定的具體實例、實施例及其應用描述出於此所揭示的本發明，可由熟習該項技術者向那裏製得許多改質及變化而沒有離開本發明在申請專利範圍中所提出之範圍。
100‧‧‧廢熱鍋爐
101‧‧‧廢熱鍋爐預熱器
110‧‧‧熱合成氣
120‧‧‧摻合的合成氣
125‧‧‧半冷卻的合成氣
126‧‧‧不再循環的半冷卻合成氣
130‧‧‧冷卻的合成氣
140‧‧‧再循環冷卻的合成氣
150‧‧‧不再循環的冷卻合成氣
160‧‧‧水/蒸氣
165‧‧‧預熱的水/蒸氣
170‧‧‧廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣
180‧‧‧蒸氣摻合器
200‧‧‧排氣燃燒器
210‧‧‧貧合成氣
220‧‧‧空氣
230‧‧‧熱排氣燃燒器氣體
300‧‧‧排氣鍋爐過熱器
301‧‧‧排氣鍋爐蒸氣產生器
302‧‧‧排氣鍋爐進料水預熱器
310‧‧‧水/蒸氣
311‧‧‧預熱的水/蒸氣
312‧‧‧預熱的蒸氣
320‧‧‧冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體
321‧‧‧半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體
322‧‧‧半冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體
330‧‧‧排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣
331‧‧‧預熱的蒸氣
400‧‧‧結合的高壓蒸氣
第1圖係一系統的總覽，其包括一廢熱鍋爐及排氣鍋爐。
第2A圖及第2B圖闡明另一個觀點的廢熱鍋爐系統。
第3圖闡明另一個觀點的排氣鍋爐系統。
第4圖係另一個觀點的系統之總覽，其包括一廢熱鍋爐及排氣鍋爐。
100‧‧‧廢熱鍋爐
110‧‧‧熱合成氣
120‧‧‧摻合的合成氣
130‧‧‧冷卻的合成氣
140‧‧‧再循環冷卻的合成氣
150‧‧‧不再循環的冷卻合成氣
160‧‧‧水/蒸氣
170‧‧‧廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣
180‧‧‧蒸氣摻合器
200‧‧‧排氣燃燒器
210‧‧‧貧合成氣
220‧‧‧空氣
230‧‧‧熱排氣燃燒器氣體
300‧‧‧排氣鍋爐過熱器
310‧‧‧水/蒸氣
320‧‧‧冷卻的排氣鍋爐氣體
330‧‧‧排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣
400‧‧‧結合的高壓蒸氣

Claims (12)

  1. 一種用以從合成氣發酵程序產生高壓蒸氣的方法，該方法包括：讓離開一氣化器且具有溫度高於760℃(1400℉)的熱合成氣與具有177℃(350℉)至232℃(450℉)的溫度之冷卻的合成氣接觸，其中再循環的冷卻的合成氣係以0.1至20之比率與熱合成氣摻合，以產生一在廢熱鍋爐的注入口處具有溫度760℃(1400℉)或較低之預冷卻的合成氣；及將該預冷卻的合成氣傳遞至該廢熱鍋爐，其有效用於產生廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣與冷卻的合成氣，該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣具有345kPag至6.55MPag(50psig至950psig)之壓力，其中，一發酵槽接收不循環的冷卻的合成氣，該方法更包括：將貧合成氣從該發酵槽傳送至一排氣燃燒器其有效用於產生熱排氣燃燒器氣體，其中該貧合成氣具有小於1.0的CO/CO2莫耳比率；將該熱排氣燃燒器氣體傳送至排氣鍋爐過熱器，其有效用於產生排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣，其中該排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣具有4.14Mpag至6.55MPag(600psig至950psig)之壓力；及結合該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣與排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣以形成結合的高壓蒸氣，其中該結合的高壓蒸氣具有4.14Mpag至6.55MPag(600psig至950psig)之壓力。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該預冷卻的合成氣 具有316℃(600℉)至760℃(1400℉)之溫度。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法，其中該預冷卻的合成氣具有316℃(600℉)至482℃(900℉)之溫度。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該排氣燃燒器氣體具有816℃至1649℃(1500℉至3000℉)之溫度。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中將預熱的水及/或蒸氣從廢熱鍋爐預熱器供應至廢熱鍋爐。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該結合的高壓蒸氣使用來產生電能。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該貧合成氣具有0.01至0.5之CO/CO2莫耳比率。
  8. 一種用以從合成氣發酵程序產生高壓蒸氣的系統，該系統包括：一廢熱鍋爐，其配置以接收具有溫度760℃(1400℉)或較低的合成氣，該廢熱鍋爐係有效用於產生廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣與冷卻的合成氣，該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣具有345kPag至6.55MPag(50psig至950psig)之壓力，；一排氣燃燒器，其配置以接收來自發酵槽的貧合成氣，該排氣燃燒器係有效用於產生熱的排氣燃燒器氣體；一排氣鍋爐過熱器，其配置以接收該熱排氣燃燒器氣體，該排氣鍋爐過熱器係有效用於產生排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣，其中該排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣具有4.14Mpag至 6.55MPag(600psig至950psig)之壓力；及一蒸氣混合器，其配置以接收及混合該廢熱鍋爐高壓蒸氣與排氣鍋爐高壓蒸氣以產生結合的高壓蒸氣，其中該結合的高壓蒸氣具有4.14Mpag至6.55MPag(600psig至950psig)之壓力。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之系統，其中該合成氣在廢熱鍋爐的注入口處具有316℃(600℉)至760℃(1400℉)之溫度。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統，其中該合成氣具有316℃(600℉)至760℃(900℉)之溫度。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第8項之系統，其中該排氣鍋爐氣體具有816℃(1500℉)至1649℃(3000℉)之溫度。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第8項之系統，其中該結合的高壓蒸氣使用來產生電能。
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