TWI568211B - 在全維度多重輸入多重輸出(mimo)中之子空間追蹤技術 - Google Patents
在全維度多重輸入多重輸出(mimo)中之子空間追蹤技術 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本專利文件所揭露內容的一部分包含有受到版權保護的材料。該版權所有人並不反對任何人對本專利文件或本專利公開進行傳真複製,因為它出現在專利和商標局的專利文件或記錄中,但在其他方面則保留任何所有的版權權利。以下的聲明適用於如以下所述之軟體和資料以及在該等形成本文件之一部分的圖示中:版權所有英特爾公司,保留所有的權利。
實施例係涉及無線通信系統。某些實施例涉及用於多重輸入多重輸出(MIMO)無線通信系統的系統、方法、裝置、和機器可讀取媒體。
現代蜂巢式通信系統利用與一行動裝置,諸如一行動電話,進行通信的一基地台。在一些實例中,在該基地台和該行動裝置之間的空氣介面會利用一種方法來編碼資料。實例方法包括一正交分頻多工(OFDM)方法、一寬頻分碼多工多重存取(W-CDMA)、等等。
先進的無線系統可以利用多重輸入多重輸出(MIMO)技術,其中多個發射天線和多個接收天線被使用來創建分離的空間串流,其利用了多重路徑環境之優勢。
依據本發明之一實施例,係特地提出一種用於降低通道估計負荷的方法,該方法包含有下列步驟:在一提供一胞格的eNodeB處:決定一最佳信號子空間,其包含有在該胞格中的現用使用者設備(UE);發射經波束成形的參考信號至該最佳信號子空間;從在該胞格中該等現用UE中的至少一個接收一投射通道至該最佳信號子空間;以及轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到之投射通道的一通道方向對齊。
1000‧‧‧方法
1010~1060‧‧‧方塊
2000‧‧‧轉換前的碼字
2010、2020‧‧‧箭頭
3000‧‧‧轉換後的碼字
3010、3020‧‧‧箭頭
4000‧‧‧eNodeB
4010‧‧‧經波束成形的參考信號
4020‧‧‧PMI和CQI
4030‧‧‧經量化的共變異數矩陣
5000‧‧‧方法
5010~5050‧‧‧方塊
6010‧‧‧eNodeB
6020‧‧‧信號子空間計算模組
6030‧‧‧參考信號輸出模組
6040‧‧‧上行鏈路接收模組
6050‧‧‧轉換模組
6060‧‧‧UE
6070‧‧‧參考信號接收模組
6080‧‧‧估計模組
6090‧‧‧轉換模組
6100‧‧‧量化模組
6110‧‧‧反饋模組
7000‧‧‧機器
7002‧‧‧處理器
7004‧‧‧主記憶體
7006‧‧‧靜態記憶體
7008‧‧‧相互鏈結
7010‧‧‧視訊顯示
7012‧‧‧字母數字輸入裝置
7014‧‧‧UI導航裝置
7016‧‧‧磁碟單元
7018‧‧‧信號產生裝置
7020‧‧‧網路介面裝置
7021‧‧‧感測器
7022‧‧‧機器可讀取媒體
7024‧‧‧指令
7026‧‧‧網路
7028‧‧‧輸出控制器
在該等附圖中,它們不一定是按比例繪製,相似的編號可在不同的視圖中描述了相似的組件。具有不同字母後綴的相似編號可以表示類似組件的不同實例。該等附圖以在本文中所討論之各種的實施例進行一般性的說明,採用舉例的方式,而不是限制性的方式。
圖1展示出一方法的流程圖,其處理在該UE處經波束成形的通道狀態資訊。
圖2根據本發明的一些實例,圖示出在一轉換之前的一碼字相圖。
圖3根據本發明的一些實例,圖示出在一轉換之後的一碼字相圖。
圖4根據本發明的一些實例,展示出在該UE和eNodeB之間信號來回傳送的一流程圖。
圖5根據本發明的一些實例,展示出一方法的流程圖,其對一UE的參考信號進行波束成形。
圖6根據本發明的一些實例,展示出一eNodeB和UE的一方塊示意圖。
圖7圖示出一機器實例的方塊圖,在該機器上一個或多個實施例可被實現。
一OFDM MIMO無線網路的實例是長期演進(LTE)無線網路。LTE的規格係由該第三代合作夥伴計劃(3GPP)所維護。在LTE中,該基地台被稱為一增強型節點B(eNodeB)而該行動台被稱為一使用者設備(UE)。在LTE版本12研究項目的其中之一為全維度的MIMO(FD-MIMO)的利用率。在FD-MIMO系統中,該eNodeB,有一大數目的天線(例如,大於或等於八個),用於波束成形個別的空間串流至UE。在分頻雙工(FDD)模式中,其中在該eNodeB和該UE之間該空氣介面的該等上行鏈路和下行鏈路通道是由頻率來做分隔的,為了要啟用波束成形下行鏈路資料至該UE,該eNodeB需要下行鏈路通道資訊。藉由把參考信號從該eNodeB發射到該等UE,此通道資訊可以在該eNodeB處被獲得。然後該等UE可利用該等參考信號來測量該下行鏈路通道。基於這些測量,該UE可以量化該通道方向和幅度這
兩者,並把這些測量傳回給該eNodeB。
在當前的LTE系統中,這些參考信號的額外負荷會隨著該天線的數目呈線性地增加。使用具有大量天線的系統,諸如FD-MIMO,這種額外負荷會變得令人望而卻步。
在一些實例中所揭露的係為方法、系統、裝置、和機器可讀取媒體,其可降低與這些參考信號相關聯的該負荷量。在一些實例中,此目的可藉由找出包含有該胞格之所有現用UE之最佳子空間並只把參考信號發射到該子空間來達成。在一些實例中,該UE可以利用二階統計量來計算至該最佳子空間的一投射通道。然後,該UE可以把其反饋給該eNodeB。至最佳子空間的該投射通道可在該UE和該eNodeB處被使用來轉換該碼簿並把該等碼字對準該通道方向。這降低了在通道方向量化中的該量化誤差,並因此提高了系統效能。
該完全空間的維度可達在該eNodeB中天線的數量,這可以是非常大的。在現實中,在這個完全空間內,由該eNodeB所發出的該等信號只能經由少數波束成形方向達到少數現用UE,而其他的波束成形方向是無用的並會造成干擾。鑑於該等有用波束成形的方向是有限的,該通道訓練資源--例如,該通道狀態資訊參考信號(CSI-RS)可以僅被部署在這些方向的四週來降低負荷和提高效率。這可以藉由波束成形該通道訓練信號至由所有該等現用UE或部分該等現用UE所展開的該信號子空間來完成。因為該信號子空間的維度主要是由現用UE的數量來決定,訓練資源,
例如,天線埠,所要求數量不多。
對於波束成形該通道訓練信號(例如,該CSI-RS)至該等UE來說,該波束成形方向需要是已知的。這些方向可從該先前的UE通道狀態反饋來被估計。舉例來說,該信號子空間可由該等反饋波束成形向量所形成的矩陣進行奇異值分解來被計算出。請注意因為該行動通道會隨時間變化,該UE可能會偏離該初始的波束成形方向。為了解決這個問題,在一些實例中該eNodeB會定期追踪通道變化。
在一初始的訓練階段中,在一胞格中之該等UE的該等下行鏈路(DL)通道會在每一個UE處被估計。該等現用UE之該等估計的DL通道然後會被反饋給在那裡它們被收集的該eNodeB。接下來,計算出幾乎包含這些通道之所有能量的該最佳子空間。然後該資訊被用於最佳化未來的DL訓練,並藉由不斷地掃描該最佳化子空間和偶爾掃描其餘的子空間(以捕捉在該等UE的該DL通道中突然的變化)來將低信號負荷。
從該eNodeB至UE k 的該通道,表示為OFDM符號t和子載波n的函數,可被寫成:
其中e m =(0,0,...,0,1,0,0,...,0) T 其第m個位置的元素為1且其他的地方為零,而w m 向量為單一範數且正交。為了壓縮該通道並把維度從M降低為D<M,吾人必須找到該最佳的基底
w 1,...,w M 使得當m>D時g k,m [n]0。然後,對於d=1,2,...,D,係數g k,m [n,t]被給定為g k,m [n,t]= H k [n,t]。
由以上所示,很明顯的,不是利用M個參考信號來估計在該原始M維空間中的該通道並反饋該資訊,該eNodeB可以只使用D個參考信號。藉由以w 1,...,w D 波束成形這些參考信號,每個UE可以直接地估計該係數g k,m [n]並把該資訊發送給該eNodeB。藉由利用這種方法,該負荷量會減少為原來的D/M。此外,由於UE不需要知道該波束成形向量,這個過程對於該等UE而言是完全透明的。為了獲得每一個胞格的該最佳子空間,該通道共變異數矩陣會在該第q個訓練階段的結束時被估計為:
其中T為以OFDM符號而言在該eNodeB處進行樣本共變異數矩陣計算時的該訓練期間長度,U q 是一M×M的么正矩陣而Λ q 是特徵值為λ q,1,...,λ q,D 的一對角矩陣。假設λ q,1 … λ q,D λ D+1 … λ M 0。然後,該最佳的D維子空間的基底將為{u q,1,...,u q,D },其中u q,d 是U q 的第d行,即,對應於其第d個最大特徵值的該特徵向量。
如先前所討論的,向量{u q,1,...,u q,D }可被使用來波束成形參考信號。然而,如前面所提到的,為了追踪在該通道中突然的變化而且該通道可能會落在這個子空間之外,該eNodeB會偶爾掃描正交於該D維最佳子空間的其他
方向,即,u q,D+1,...,u q,M 。因此,在參考信號發射期間,該eNodeB可始終使用u q,1,...,u q,D-r 來波束成形D-r個參考信號,而其餘的r個參考信號會使用從u q,D-r+1,...,u q,M 中所選擇出的r個向量來被波束成形,以便覆蓋該M維空間的其餘部分。
現在請參考圖1,其根據一些實例圖示出在該UE處處理波束成形通道狀態資訊的一種方法1000的流程圖。在操作1010,該UE接收該經波束成形的參考信號。
在操作1020,在接收經波束成形的參考信號之後,每一個UE把在該新空間中的投射通道係數估計為: ,d=1,2,....,D
然後,該投射的通道方向被獲得為:
在操作1030,為了量化這個方向,每一個UE把它的碼簿(3GPP LTE的碼簿或任何其他的碼簿)透過該「投射」通道的共變異數矩陣進行轉換,該矩陣由下式給出:
該等新的碼字因此被給定為:
其中c i 和c i ’分別為轉換前和轉換後的碼字。圖2圖示出該轉換前的碼字而圖3圖示出該轉換後的碼字。箭頭2010和3010表明該投射通道方向而箭頭2020和3020表示該量化的投射通道方向。在操作1030,每一個UE計算它的轉換碼簿,並在操作1040使用其來量化該投射通道方向。舉例來說,這可由最大化該內積來達成,如下所示
在其他的實例中,這可基於最大化容量等等來被達成。該最佳碼字的索引會被發送到該eNodeB(預編碼矩陣指示符(PMI))伴隨一通道品質指示符(CQI-代表SINR),以致使eNB可在操作1050重建該通道。
請注意,因為共變異數矩陣R k '係相依於UE而且在該eNodeB處是未知的,每個UE必須量化這個矩陣。這可以以不同的方式來實現,例如藉由它的元素的純量量化。在量化之後,在操作1060每一個UE會反饋它自己的共變異數矩陣給該eNodeB。這對該系統會引入了一些額外的負荷。然而,這種負荷能夠透過利用共變異數矩陣的結構來降低,舉例來說,藉由只量化和反饋該矩陣的上三角或下三角元素。此外,該通道的二階統計量其變化的速率比起該瞬間通道本身變化的速率要慢得多。因此,該額外的反饋比起PMI和CQI其傳送的頻率可以大大的降低。
圖4根據本發明的一些實例,展示出在該UE和eNodeB 4000之間信號來回傳送的一流程圖。在操作4010,
該eNodeB發送一經波束成形的參考信號。該行動裝置計算該PMI和CQI。在操作4020,該UE發送該PMI和CQI給該eNodeB。在操作4030,該UE發送該經量化的共變異數矩陣給該eNodeB以重建該通道。在一些實例中,操作4030可以發生在各種不同的時間點上(例如,不一定要直接在該PMI和CQI被計算和發送之後)。
該eNodeB重建在該原始M維空間中的該通道為:
現在請參考圖5,其根據本發明的一些實例,展示出一方法5000的流程圖,該方法對傳向一UE的參考信號進行波束成形。在操作5010,計算出最佳的信號子空間。這可基於由UE所發送之先前的參考信號。在操作5020,該等參考信號被波束成形至該最佳的信號子空間。在操作5030,至該最佳子空間的投射通道從該等UE處被反饋。在操作5040,該反饋的資訊會被該eNodeB使用來轉換該碼簿並把該等碼字與該等接收到的投射通道的該等通道方向對齊。在操作5050,該碼簿和碼字被使用來發射給該等UE。
現在請參考圖6,根據本發明的一些實例,一eNodeB 6010和UE 6060的一方塊示意圖被展示出。eNodeB 6010包括一信號子空間計算模組6020來決定一包含有在該胞格中現用UE的最佳信號子空間。eNodeB 6010包括一被組配成可發射經波束成形的參考信號給該最佳信號子空間
的參考信號輸出模組6030。eNodeB 6010包括一被組配成可從在該胞格中該等現用UE之一個或多個接收至該最佳信號子空間之一投射通道的上行鏈路接收模組6040。eNodeB還包括一被組配成可轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到投射通道之一通道方向對齊的轉換模組6050。
UE 6060可以包括一被組配成可接收從一eNodeB所發送之一經波束成形之參考信號的參考信號接收模組6070。UE 6060可以包括一被組配成可估計投射通道係數和方向的估計模組6080。UE 6060還可以包括一被組配成可藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿的轉換模組6090。UE 6060還可以包括被組配成可量化該投射通道方向的量化模組6100。UE 6060還可以包括一反饋模組6110,其被組配成可基於該共變異數矩陣來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符和一通道品質指示符,以及發送該預編碼矩陣指示符,和一計算自該共變異數矩陣的量化共變異數矩陣給該eNodeB。
UE 6060和eNodeB 6010可能包含有未在圖中被示出的其他模組來提供附加的功能。此外,圖6所圖示出的該等模組為示例性的,並且可以提供額外的功能。此外,瞭解本申請人所揭露益處之本領域的普通技術人員將理解該等模組的功能可以以不同於在圖6中被圖示和描述的方式來被組織。
雖然本文的實例被圖示成被實踐在一LTE系統中,瞭解本申請人所揭露益處之本領域的普通技術人員將
注意到該等技術可適用於其他以MIMO來使用通道狀態反饋之先進的無線系統。其他實例系統可以包括,國際電子和電機工程師協會(IEEE)802.11標準(諸如802.11n-2009或802.11ac)、IEEE 802.16(Wi-MAX)、藍牙、等等。
圖7圖示出一實例機器7000的一方塊圖,在該機器上,在本文中所討論之該等技術(例如,方法論)的任意一個或多個可被執行。舉例來說,該機器可被組配成實現圖6的該等模組,或在圖1和圖5中所展示的該等方法。在另外的實施例中,該機器7000可運行為一獨立的裝置,或者可以被連接(例如,被網路連接)到其他的機器。在一種網路連接的部署中,在伺服器-客戶端網路環境中,該機器7000可以以一伺服器機器、一客戶端機器、或該兩者的身分來運行。在一實例中,該機器7000可以在對等式的(P2P)(或其他種分散式的)網路環境中充當一同級機器。該機器7000可以是一個人電腦(PC)、一平板電腦、一數位機上盒(STB)、一個人數位助理(PDA)、一行動電話(例如,一UE)、一網路服務工具、一網路路由器、交換器或橋接器、一eNodeB、或者能夠執行指令(循序的或以其他方式)之任何機器,該等指令指定了可由該機器接受的動作。另外,雖然僅在圖中圖示出一單一機器,該術語「機器」也應包括機器的任何集合,其可單獨地或聯合地執行一組(或多組)指令來執行在本文中所討論之該等方法論的任意一個或多個,諸如雲端計算、軟體即服務(SaaS)、其他的計算機集群組配。
實例,如在本文中所描述的,可以包括,或者可以操作在,邏輯或若干組件、模組、或機制上。模組是有形的實體(例如,硬體),其能夠執行指定的操作,並且可以以一種特定的方式來被組配或佈置。在一實例中,電路可以以一指定的方式來被佈置(例如,在內部或相對於外部的實體,諸如其他的電路)成一模組。在一實例中,一個或多個電腦系統(例如,一獨立的、客戶端或伺服器電腦系統)其整體或部分或一個或多個硬體處理器可藉由韌體或軟體(例如,指令、一應用程式部分,或一應用程式)被組配成可運作來執行指定操作的模組。在一實例中,該軟體可以駐留在一機器可讀取媒體中。在一實例中,該軟體,當由該模組的底層硬體來執行時,會致使該硬體執行該等指定的操作。
因此,術語「模組」應被理解為包括一有形的實體,其係被實體地建構、被專門地組配(例如,固線式的),或被暫時性地(例如,短暫地)組配(例如,被編程)的一實體以用一指定的方式來操作或執行本文所描述之任何操作的部分或全部。考慮模組係被暫時組配的實例,該等模組的每一個不需要在任一時間點上被瞬間地實例化。舉例來說,若該等模組包含有一通用硬體處理器其係以軟體來被組配,該通用硬體處理器可被組配成其在不同的時間點上分別為不同的模組。舉例來說,軟體可以相應地組配一硬體處理器,以在時間的一時點上構成一特別的模組,並在時間的一不同時點上構成一不同的模組。
機器(例如,電腦系統)7000可包括一硬體處理器7002(例如,一中央處理單元(CPU)、一圖形處理單元(GPU)、一硬體處理器核心、或它們的任何組合)、一主記憶體7004和一靜態記憶體7006,其中的一些或全部可以彼此經由一相互鏈結(例如,匯流排)7008進行通信。該機器7000可以進一步包括一顯示單元7010、一個字母數字輸入裝置7012(例如,一鍵盤)、和一使用者界面(UI)導航裝置7014(例如,一滑鼠)。在一實例中,該顯示單元7010、輸入裝置7012和UI導航裝置7014可以是一觸控螢幕顯示器。該機器7000可以另外包括一儲存裝置(例如,一磁碟單元)7016、一信號產生裝置7018(例如,一揚聲器)、一網路介面裝置7020、和一個或多個感測器7021,諸如全球定位系統(GPS)感測器、羅盤、加速度計、或其他感測器。該機器7000可包括一輸出控制器7028、諸如一串列(例如,通用串列匯流排(USB)、並列、或其他有線或無線(例如,紅外線(IR)、近場通信(NFC)、等等)的連接進行通信或控制一個或多個週邊裝置(例如,一印表機、讀卡機,等等)。
該儲存裝置7016可包括一機器可讀取媒體7022,在該媒體上儲存有一組或多組資料結構或指令7024(例如,軟體),該等指令實現了本文所描述技術或功能的任何一個或多個或由其所使用。該等指令7024還可以完全地或至少部分地駐留在該主記憶體7004中、駐留在靜態記憶體7006中、或在被該機器7000執行的過程中駐留在該硬體處理器7002中。在一實例中,該硬體處理器7002、該
主記憶體7004、該靜態記憶體7006、或該儲存裝置7016的一種或任意的組合可以構成機器可讀取媒體。
雖然該機器可讀取媒體7022被圖示為一單一媒體,但是該術語「機器可讀取媒體」可以包括被組配成可儲存該等一個或多個指令7024的一單一媒體或多重媒體(例如,一集中式或分散式資料庫、和/或關聯的快取和伺服器)。
該術語「機器可讀取媒體」可以包括任何的媒體,其能夠儲存、編碼、或承載可由該機器7000所執行的指令,並且該等指令會致使該機器7000可執行本發明所揭露之技術的任意一個或多個,或者其能夠儲存、編碼、或承載由如此指令所使用或與其相關聯的資料結構。非限制性的機器可讀取媒體實例可包括固態記憶體、以及光學和磁性媒體。機器可讀取媒體的具體實例可以包括:非依電性記憶體,諸如半導體記憶體裝置(例如,電可編程唯讀記憶體(EPROM)、電可抹除可編程唯讀記憶體(EEPROM))和快閃記憶體裝置;磁碟,諸如內部硬碟和可移動碟;磁光碟;隨機存取記憶體(RAM);以及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM光碟。在一些實例中,機器可讀取媒體可以包括非暫時性機器可讀取媒體。在一些實例中,機器可讀取媒體可以包括非一短暫傳播信號的機器可讀取媒體。
該等指令7024還可經由該網路介面裝置7020使用一傳輸媒體透過一通信網路7026來被發送或接收,使用若干傳輸協定的任意一種(例如,訊框中繼、網際網路協定
(IP)、傳輸控制協定(TCP)、使用者資料報協定(UDP)、超文字發射協定(HTTP)、等等)。實例通信網路可包括一區域網路(LAN)、一廣域網路(WAN)、一封包資料網路(例如,網際網路)、行動電話網路(例如,蜂巢式網路)、簡易老式電話(POTS)網路、以及無線資料網路(例如,被稱為Wi-Fi®之國際電機和電子工程師協會(IEEE)802.11標準家族、被稱為WiMax®之IEEE 802.16標準家族)、IEEE 802.15.4標準家族、對等式(P2P)網路,等等。在一實例中,該網路介面裝置7020可以包括一個或多個實體插口(例如,乙太網路、同軸電纜、或電話插口)或一個或多個天線來連接到該通信網路7026。在一實例中,該網路介面裝置7020可包括數個天線來進行無線通信,使用單一輸入多重輸出(SIMO)、多重輸入多重輸出(MIMO)、或多重輸入單一輸出(MISO)技術中的至少一個。該術語「傳輸媒體」應被理解為包括任何無形的媒體,該媒體能夠存儲、編碼、或承載可由該機器7000所執行的指令,並且包括數位或類比通信信號或其他無形的媒體以便利此類軟體進行通信。
實例
以下為另外的實例。
實例1包括用於降低通道估計負荷之技術主題(例如一種方法、用於執行行動的構件、包含有指令的機器可讀取媒體),其包含有:在一提供一胞格的eNodeB處:決定一最佳信號子空間,其包含有在該胞格中的現用UE;發射經波束成形的參考信號至該最佳信號子空間;從在該胞
格中該等現用UE的一個或多個接收一投射通道至該最佳信號子空間;以及轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到之投射通道的一通道方向對齊。
在實例2中,實例1的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中發射參考信號包括發射通道狀態資訊參考信號。
在實例3中,實例1-2之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中發射參考信號和接收該投射通道係使用正交分頻多工協定來完成。
在實例4中,實例1-3之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該最佳信號子空間具有小於一完整信號子空間的一維度。
在實例5中,實例1-4之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中發射參考信號包含發射該等參考信號至在該胞格中之該等現用UE。
在實例6中,實例1-5之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括藉由掃描正交於該最佳信號子空間的方向來判定在該最佳信號子空間中的一變化。
在實例7中,實例1-6之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中決定該最佳信號子空間包含在一訓練階段結束時估計一通道共變異數矩陣。
實例8包括或可以選擇性地與實例1-7之任意一個或多個的該技術主題相結合來包括技術主題(諸如一裝置、設備、或諸如一eNodeB的機器),其包含有:一信號子空間計算模組經組配以進行下列動作:決定一最佳信號子
空間,其包含有在該胞格中的現用UE;一參考信號輸出模組經組配以進行下列動作:發射經波束成形的參考信號至該最佳信號子空間;一上行鏈路接收模組經組配以進行下列動作:從在該胞格中該等現用UE的至少一個接收一投射通道至該最佳信號子空間;一轉換模組總配以進行下列動作:轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到之投射通道的一通道方向對齊。
在實例9中,實例1-8之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該參考信號輸出模組係藉由至少被組配以發射通道狀態資訊參考信號來經組配以發射參考信號。
在實例10中,實例1-9之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該參考信號輸出模組係經組配以使用至少一正交分頻多工協定來發射該等參考信號。
在實例11中,實例1-10之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該最佳信號子空間具有小於一完整信號子空間的一維度。
在實例12中,實例1-11之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該參考信號輸出模組係藉由至少被組配以發射該等參考信號至在該胞格中之該等現用UE來經組配以發射該等參考信號。
在實例13中,實例1-12之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該最佳子空間計算模組係經組配以藉由掃描正交於該最佳信號子空間的方向來判定在
該最佳信號子空間中的一變化。
在實例14中,實例1-13之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該最佳子空間計算模組係藉由至少被組配以在一訓練階段結束時估計一通道共變異數矩陣來經組配以決定該最佳信號子空間。
實例15包括或可以選擇性地與實例1-14之任意一個或多個的該技術主題相結合來包括技術主題(諸如一裝置、設備、或諸如一UE的機器),其包含有:一參考信號接收模組經組配以接收從一eNodeB所發送的一經波束成形的參考信號;一估計模組經組配以估計投射通道係數和方向;一轉換模組經組配以藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿;一量化模組經組配以量化該投射通道方向;一反饋模組經組配以進行下列動作:基於該共變異數矩陣來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符和一通道品質指示符;以及發射該預編碼矩陣指示符,和一計算自該共變異數矩陣的一經量化之共變異數矩陣至該eNodeB。
在實例16中,實例1-15之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該反饋模組係藉由至少被組配以進行下列動作來經組配以計算該經量化之共變異數矩陣:藉由把該共變異數矩陣之該等元素進行純量量化來基於該共變異數矩陣而計算該經量化之共變異數矩陣。
在實例17中,實例1-16之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包括其中該反饋模組係藉由至少被組配以只量化以下的其中之一來經組配以基於該共變異數矩
陣計算該經量化之共變異數矩陣:該矩陣的上三角與下三角元素。
實例18包括或可以選擇性地與實例1-17之任意一個或多個的該技術主題相結合來包括技術主題(諸如一種方法、用於執行行動的構件、包含有指令的機器可讀取媒體),其包含有:接收從一eNodeB所發送的一經波束成形的參考信號;估計投射通道係數和方向;藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿;量化該投射通道方向;基於該共變異數矩陣來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符和一通道品質指示符;以及發射該預編碼矩陣指示符,和計算自該共變異數矩陣的一經量化之共變異數矩陣至該eNodeB。
在實例19中,實例1-18之任意一個或多個的該技術主題可以選擇性地包含有接收從一eNodeB所發送的一經波束成形的參考信號;估計投射通道係數和方向;藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿;量化該投射通道方向;基於該共變異數矩陣來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符和一通道品質指示符;以及發射該預編碼矩陣指示符,和計算自該共變異數矩陣的一經量化之共變異數矩陣至該eNodeB。
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Claims (20)
- 一種用於降低通道估計負荷的方法,該方法包含:在一提供一胞格的eNodeB處:針對在該胞格中之複數個現用使用者設備(UE),使用先前經接收之通道狀態反饋來計算一波束成形向量矩陣;使用該波束成形向量矩陣決定一最佳信號子空間,該最佳信號子空間包含有在該胞格中的該等複數個現用UE;發射一經波束成形的參考信號至經決定之該最佳信號子空間;決定在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的一UE已移出該最佳信號子空間;針對包括在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE之該等複數個現用UE重新計算該波束成形向量矩陣;使用經重新計算之該波束成形參考矩陣發射一第二經波束成形的參考信號至在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE,該第二經波束成形的參考信號係在該最佳信號子空間之外;接收來自在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE之一投射通道,該投射通道基於該第二經波束成形的參考信號而由在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE所計算出;以及 轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到之投射通道的一通道方向對齊。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中發射參考信號包括發射通道狀態資訊參考信號。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中發射參考信號和接收該投射通道係使用一正交分頻多工協定來完成。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該最佳信號子空間具有小於一完整信號子空間的一維度。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中發射參考信號包含發射該等參考信號至在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE。
- 如請求項1之方法,其包含藉由掃描正交於該最佳信號子空間的方向來判定在該最佳信號子空間中的一變化。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中決定該最佳信號子空間包含在一訓練階段結束時估計一通道共變異數矩陣。
- 一種eNodeB,其包含有:一信號子空間計算電路,其經組配以:針對在該胞格中之複數個現用使用者設備(UE)使用先前經接收之通道狀態反饋來計算一波束成形向量矩陣;使用該波束成形向量矩陣決定一最佳信號子空間,該最佳信號子空間包含有在該胞格中的該等複數個現用UE;回應於決定在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的一UE已移出該最佳信號子空間,針對包括在該胞 格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE之該等複數個現用UE重新計算該波束成形向量矩陣;一參考信號輸出電路,其經組配以:發射一經波束成形的參考信號至該最佳信號子空間;使用經重新計算之該波束成形參考矩陣發射一第二經波束成形的參考信號至在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE,該第二經波束成形的參考信號係在該最佳信號子空間之外;一上行鏈路接收電路,其經組配以:接收來自在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE之一投射通道,該投射通道基於該第二經波束成形的參考信號而由在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE所計算出;一轉換電路,其經組配以:轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到之投射通道的一通道方向對齊。
- 如請求項8之eNodeB,其中該參考信號輸出電路係藉由至少被組配以發射通道狀態資訊參考信號來經組配以發射參考信號。
- 如請求項8之eNodeB,其中該參考信號輸出電路係經組配以使用至少一正交分頻多工協定來發射該等參考信號。
- 如請求項8之eNodeB,其中該最佳信號子空間具有小於 一完整信號子空間的一維度。
- 如請求項11之eNodeB,其中該參考信號輸出電路係藉由至少被組配以發射該等參考信號至在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE來經組配以發射該等參考信號。
- 如請求項8之eNodeB,其中該信號子空間計算電路係經組配以藉由掃描正交於該最佳信號子空間的方向來判定在該最佳信號子空間中的一變化。
- 如請求項8之eNodeB,其中該信號子空間計算電路係藉由至少被組配以在一訓練階段結束時估計一通道共變異數矩陣來經組配以決定該最佳信號子空間。
- 一種非暫時性機器可讀取媒體,其儲存有指令,當該等指令由一機器所執行時,致使該機器執行包含以下之操作:針對在該胞格中之複數個現用使用者設備(UE)使用先前經接收之通道狀態反饋來計算一波束成形向量矩陣;使用該波束成形向量矩陣決定一最佳信號子空間,該最佳信號子空間包含有在該胞格中的該等複數個現用UE;發射一經波束成形的參考信號至該最佳信號子空間;決定在該胞格中之一新UE已加入該等複數個現用UE;針對包括在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE 之該等複數個現用UE重新計算該波束成形向量矩陣;使用經重新計算之該波束成形參考矩陣發射一第二經波束成形的參考信號至在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE,該第二經波束成形的參考信號係在該最佳信號子空間之外;接收來自在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE之一投射通道,該投射通道基於該第二經波束成形的參考信號而由在該胞格中之該等複數個現用UE的該UE所計算出;轉換一碼簿並把碼字與該接收到之投射通道的一通道方向對齊。
- 一種使用者設備(UE),其包含有:一參考信號接收電路,其經組配以接收從一eNodeB所發送的一經波束成形的參考信號,該經波束成形的參考信號使用一波束成形向量矩陣,且該UE包含在該NodeB的一最佳信號空間之外的一信號子空間中;一估計電路,其經組配以基於從該eNodeB發送的經接收之該經波束成形的參考信號而估計投射通道係數和方向;一轉換電路,其經組配以藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿;一量化電路,其經組配以使用經轉換之該碼簿來量化該投射通道方向;一反饋電路,其經組配以進行下列動作: 基於經量化之該投射通道方向來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符;以及發射該預編碼矩陣指示符,和自該共變異數矩陣所計算的一經量化之共變異數矩陣至該eNodeB。
- 如請求項16之UE,其中該反饋電路係藉由至少被組配以進行下列動作來經組配以計算該經量化之共變異數矩陣:藉由把該共變異數矩陣之元素進行純量量化來基於該共變異數矩陣而計算該經量化之共變異數矩陣。
- 如請求項17之UE,其中該反饋電路係藉由至少被組配以只量化以下的其中之一來經組配以基於該共變異數矩陣計算該經量化之共變異數矩陣:該矩陣的上三角與下三角元素。
- 一種用於通訊之方法,其包含:接收從一eNodeB所發送的一經波束成形的參考信號,該經波束成形的參考信號使用一波束成形向量矩陣,且一使用者設備(UE)係在一胞格中之複數個現用UE的一成員,該UE已移出在該eNodeB之一最佳信號空間之外;基於從該eNodeB發送該經波束成形的參考信號而估計投射通道係數和方向;藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿;使用經轉換之該碼簿量化該投射通道方向; 基於經量化之該投射通道方向來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符;以及發射該預編碼矩陣指示符,和自該共變異數矩陣所計算的一經量化之共變異數矩陣至該eNodeB。
- 一種非暫時性機器可讀取媒體,其儲存有指令,當該等指令由一機器所執行時,致使該機器執行包含以下之操作:接收從一eNodeB所發送的一經波束成形的參考信號,該經波束成形的參考信號使用一波束成形向量矩陣,且一使用者設備(UE)係在一胞格中之複數個現用UE的一成員,該UE已移出在該eNodeB之一最佳信號空間之外;基於從該eNodeB發送之經接收之該經波束成形的參考信號而估計投射通道係數和方向;藉由該等投射通道係數和方向的一共變異數矩陣來轉換一碼簿;使用經轉換之該碼簿來量化該投射通道方向;基於經量化之該投射通道方向來計算一預編碼矩陣指示符;以及發射該預編碼矩陣指示符,和自該共變異數矩陣所計算的一經量化之共變異數矩陣至該eNodeB。
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