TWI537700B - 開關電源電壓調節器 - Google Patents
開關電源電壓調節器 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI537700B TWI537700B TW102139646A TW102139646A TWI537700B TW I537700 B TWI537700 B TW I537700B TW 102139646 A TW102139646 A TW 102139646A TW 102139646 A TW102139646 A TW 102139646A TW I537700 B TWI537700 B TW I537700B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Description
本發明涉及一種開關電源電壓調節器。
具有上下橋開關的開關電源電壓調節器通常用於為中央處理器、記憶體等供電。當開關電源電壓調節器的上橋開關導通或下橋開關導通開始為負載供電時,由於負載電流的增大或減小而導致輸出電壓擺動,影響開關電源電壓調節器的穩定性。
有鑑於此,有必要提供一種輸出電壓具有較高穩定性的開關電源電壓調節器。
一種開關電源電壓調節器,包括:
上橋開關連接一電源供應器;
下橋開關耦合至該上橋開關與接地端之間,該上橋開關與該下橋開關之間形成一連接節點;
電感,耦合至連接節點與電源輸出端之間;
脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器產生脈衝寬度調製訊號;
偵測電路用於偵測電源輸出端的輸出電壓,當輸出電壓擺動時,該偵測電路輸出一表示輸出電壓變化的偵測訊號;
閘極電壓調整單元根據該偵測訊號動態輸出閘極電壓;
驅動器用將該閘極電壓輸出至該上、下橋開關,並根據該脈衝寬度調製訊號控制該上、下橋開關的導通時間。
一種開關電源電壓調節器,包括:
上橋開關連接一電源供應器;
下橋開關耦合至該上橋開關與接地端之間,該上橋開關與該下橋開關之間形成一連接節點;
電感,耦合至連接節點與電源輸出端之間;
當該電源輸出端接入負載引起該電源輸出端的輸出電壓的擺動幅度超過預設值時,動態調整該上、下橋開關的閘極電壓以調整該上、下橋開關的導通電阻用於減小該輸出電壓的擺動。
相較於先前技術,本發明的開關電源電壓調節器根據輸出電壓的變化調節該上、下橋開關的閘極電壓,以減小該上、下橋開關的導通電阻,從而減小該輸出電壓的擺動。
圖1是本發明的開關電源電壓調節器一實施方式電路結構示意圖。
圖2是圖1所示的開關電源電壓調節器接入負載時的電壓訊號示意圖。
圖3是圖1所示的開關電源電壓調節器移除負載時的電壓訊號示意圖。
請參閱圖1,圖1是本發明的開關電源電壓調節器10一實施方式電路結構示意圖。該開關電源電壓調節器10包括上橋開關102下橋開關104、電感106、脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器108、偵測電路110、閘極電壓調整單元112及驅動器114。在本實施方式中,該上橋開關102及該下橋開關104均為一PMOS(P-Metal Oxide Semiconductor)電晶體。該上橋開關102的源極與一電壓源VIN連接,該上橋開關102的汲極與該下橋開關104的汲極連接,該下橋開關104的源極接地。該上、下橋開關102、104的閘極經該驅動器114與該脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器108連接。該脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器108產生脈衝寬度調製訊號(Pulse Width Moudle, PWM)至該驅動器114。該驅動器114根據該脈衝寬度調製訊號控制該上、下橋開關102、104的導通時間。該上橋開關102汲極與該下橋開關104源極之間具有一連接節點LX。該連接節點LX經該電感106連接至電源輸出端VOUT。負載RL連接在電源輸出端VOUT與地之間。該開關電源電壓調節器10還包括第一電容C1串接於該電源輸出端VOUT與接地端之間。
該偵測電路110用於偵測該電源輸出端VOUT的輸出電壓。該偵測電路110包括第一分壓電阻R1、第二分壓電阻R2、第一比較器CM1及第二比較器CM2。該第一分壓電阻R1與該第二分壓電阻R2串接於該電源輸出端VOUT與接地端之間。該第一、第二比較器CM1、CM2均包括正向輸入端V+、反向輸入端V-及比較輸出端Cout。該第一、第二比較器CM1、CM2的正向輸入端V+均連接至該第一、第二電阻R1、R2之間的節點。該第一比較器CM1的反向輸入端V-接收第一參考電壓VL,該第二比較器CM2的反向輸入端V-接收第二參考電壓VH。在本實施方式中,該第二參考電壓VH高於該第一參考電壓VL。
該閘極電壓調整單元112包括穩壓器1122、穩壓二極體Z1及升壓器1124。該穩壓器1122與該第一、第二比較器CM1、CM2的比較輸出端Cout連接。該穩壓器1122還經該穩壓二極體Z1與該升壓器1124連接。該穩壓器1122根據該偵測電路110輸出的不同的偵測訊號產生對應的預定電壓,並經該穩壓二極體Z1輸出至該升壓器1124。該升壓器1124根據該預定電壓輸出閘極電壓。在本實施方式中,該穩壓器1122為一種低壓差線性穩壓器(Low Dropout Regulator, LDO)。
該驅動器114將該閘極電壓輸出至該上、下橋開關102、104的閘極以控制該上、下橋開關102、104的導通。並根據該脈衝寬度調製訊號控制該上、下橋開關102、104的導通時間。
該開關電源電壓調節器10還包括設置於該連接節點LX與升壓器1124之間的第二電容C2。該第二電容C2用於保持該連接節點LX與該升壓器1124之間的電壓穩定。
請一併參閱圖2,圖2-圖3是圖1所示的開關電源電壓調節器10接入負載時的電壓訊號示意圖。在本實施方式中,該電壓源VIN的電壓為12V,該電源輸出端VOUT的Vout輸出電壓為3.3V,該穩壓器1122輸出的初始預定電壓Vb為5V,該升壓器1124根據該初始預定電壓控制該驅動器114產生16.5V的初始閘極電壓Vgs,以控制該上、下橋開關102、104導通;該升壓器1124根據該初始預定電壓控制該驅動器114產生4.5V的閘極電壓,以控制該上、下橋開關102、104關斷。該第一參考電壓VL、第二參考電壓VH根據第一、第二分壓電阻R1、R2的阻值設定。在本實施方式中,該第一分壓電阻R1與該第二分壓電阻R2的阻值之比為1:2,該第一參考電壓VL優選設置為2.15V,該第二參考電壓VH優選設置為2.2V。
當該當該電源輸出端VOUT接入負載RL時,該電感106開始為該負載RL供電,該輸出電壓Vout發生振盪有減小的趨勢。當該第二分壓電阻R2的分壓小於該第一參考電壓VL,即當該第一比較器CM1的正向輸入端V+輸入電壓低於該第一參考電壓VL時,該第一比較器CM1的比較輸出端Cout輸出第一偵測訊號至該穩壓器1122。該穩壓器1122根據該第一偵測訊號輸出第一預定電壓至該升壓器1124。在本實施方式中,該第一預定電壓為9V。該驅動器114根據該第一預定電壓輸出的閘極導通電壓Vgs及閘極截止電壓Vgs分別拉高至20.5V與8.5V以控制該上、下橋開關102、104的導通與關斷。由於閘極電壓Vgs的升高而使上、下橋開關102、104導通時的電阻Rds減小,使電流增加從而減緩該輸出電壓Vout下降趨勢,增加輸出電壓Vout的穩定性。
當負載RL接入一段時間,當該第二分壓電阻R2的分壓大於該第一參考電壓VL,即當該第一比較器CM1的正向輸入端V+的輸入電壓高於該第一參考電壓VL時,該第一比較器CM1的比較輸出端Cout輸出第二偵測訊號至該穩壓器1122。該穩壓器1122根據該第二偵測訊號復位至初始預定電壓5V。相應地,該升壓器1124控制該驅動器114輸出的20.5V、8.5V的閘極電壓重新拉回至初始閘極電壓16.5V、4.5V。
請一併參閱圖4,圖4為圖1所示的開關電源電壓調節器10移除負載時的電壓示意圖。當負載RL由該電源輸出端VOUT移除時,該輸出電壓Vout有上升趨勢,當該第二分壓電阻R2的分壓大於該第二參考電壓VH,即當該第二比較器正向輸入端V+的輸入電壓高於該第二參考電壓VH時,該第二比較器CM2的比較輸出端Cout輸出第三偵測訊號至該穩壓器1122。該穩壓器1122根據該第三偵測訊號輸出幅值為1V的預定電壓至該升壓器1124。該升壓器1124根據該1V的預定電壓控制該驅動器114輸出的初始閘極電壓調整為14.5V與2.5V以控制該上、下橋開關102、104的導通與關斷。由於閘極電壓的減小而使上、下橋開關102、104導通時的電阻Rds增加,使電流增加從而減緩該輸出電壓Vout上升趨勢,增加輸出電壓Vout的穩定性。
當負載RL移除一段時間,當該第二分壓電阻R2的分壓小於該第二參考電壓VH,即當該第二比較器CM2的正向輸入端V+的輸入電壓高於該第二參考電壓VH時,該第二比較器CM2的比較輸出端Cout輸出第四偵測訊號至該穩壓器1122。該穩壓器1122根據該第四偵測訊號重新輸出初始預定電壓5V。相應地,該升壓器1124根據該初始預定電壓控制該驅動器114輸出的14.5V、2.5V的閘極電壓重新拉升至16.5V、4.5V。
前述的開關電源電壓調節器10根據輸出電壓的變化動動態控制上、下橋開關的閘極電壓以減小該上、下橋開關的導通電阻,從而減小該輸出電壓的擺動。
雖然本發明以優選實施例揭示如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何本領域技術人員,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可做各種的變化,這些依據本發明精神所做的變化,都應包含在本發明所要求的保護範圍之內。
10‧‧‧開關電源電壓調節器
102‧‧‧上橋開關
104‧‧‧下橋開關
106‧‧‧電感
108‧‧‧脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器
110‧‧‧偵測電路
112‧‧‧閘極電壓調整單元
114‧‧‧驅動器
VIN‧‧‧電壓源
LX‧‧‧連接節點
VOUT‧‧‧電源輸出端
RL‧‧‧負載
C1‧‧‧電容
R1‧‧‧第一分壓電阻
R2‧‧‧第二分壓電阻
CM1‧‧‧第一比較器
CM2‧‧‧第二比較器
V+‧‧‧正向輸入端
V-‧‧‧反向輸入端
Cout‧‧‧比較輸出端
VL‧‧‧第一參考電壓
VH‧‧‧第二參考電壓
1122‧‧‧穩壓器
Z1‧‧‧穩壓二極體
1124‧‧‧升壓器
C2‧‧‧第二電容
無
10‧‧‧開關電源電壓調節器
102‧‧‧上橋開關
104‧‧‧下橋開關
106‧‧‧電感
108‧‧‧脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器
110‧‧‧偵測電路
112‧‧‧閘極電壓調整單元
114‧‧‧驅動器
VIN‧‧‧電壓源
LX‧‧‧連接節點
VOUT‧‧‧電源輸出端
RL‧‧‧負載
C1‧‧‧電容
R1‧‧‧第一分壓電阻
R2‧‧‧第二分壓電阻
CM1‧‧‧第一比較器
CM2‧‧‧第二比較器
V+‧‧‧正向輸入端
V-‧‧‧反向輸入端
Cout‧‧‧輸出端
VL‧‧‧第一參考電壓
VH‧‧‧第二參考電壓
1122‧‧‧穩壓器
Z1‧‧‧穩壓二極體
1124‧‧‧升壓器
C2‧‧‧第二電容
Claims (11)
- 一種開關電源電壓調節器,包括:
上橋開關連接一電源供應器;
下橋開關耦合至該上橋開關與接地端之間,該上橋開關與該下橋開關之間形成一連接節點;
電感,耦合至連接節點與電源輸出端之間;
脈衝寬度調製訊號產生器產生脈衝寬度調製訊號;
偵測電路用於偵測電源輸出端的輸出電壓,當輸出電壓擺動超過預設值時,該偵測電路輸出一表示輸出電壓變化的偵測訊號;
閘極電壓調整單元根據該偵測訊號動態調整閘極電壓;
驅動器用於將該調整後的閘極電壓輸出至該上、下橋開關,並根據該脈衝寬度調製訊號控制該上、下橋開關的導通時間。 - 如請求項1所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,該偵測電路包括第一分壓電阻、第二分壓電阻;該第一分壓電阻與該第二分壓電阻串接於該電源輸出端之間。
- 如請求項2所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中該偵測電路還包括第一比較器與第二比較器,當該開關電源電壓調節器接入負載時,該第一比較器輸出表示該輸出電壓變化的偵測訊號;當該開關電源電壓調節器移除負載時,該第一比較器輸出表示該輸出電壓變化的偵測訊號。
- 如請求項3所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,該第一、第二比較器均包括正向輸入端、反向輸入端及輸出端,該第一、第二比較器的正向輸入端均連接至該第一、第二電阻之間的節點,該第一比較器的反向輸入端接收第一參考電壓,該第二比較器的反向輸入端接收第二參考電壓。
- 如請求項4所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,該閘極電壓調整單元包括穩壓器、穩壓二極體及升壓器,該穩壓器與該第一、第二比較器的比較輸出端連接,該穩壓器還經該穩壓二極體與該升壓器連接,該穩壓器根據該偵測電路輸出的不同的偵測訊號產生對應的預定電壓,並經該穩壓二極體輸出至該升壓器,該驅動器根據該預定電壓輸出閘極電壓。
- 如請求項5所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,該穩壓器輸出初始預定電壓,該升壓器根據該初始預定電壓控制該驅動器產生初始閘極電壓以控制該上、下橋開關導通與關斷。
- 如請求項6所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,當該當該電源輸出端接入負載時,該電感開始為該負載供電,該輸出電壓發生振盪且有減小的趨勢,當該第二分壓電阻的分壓小於該第一參考電壓時,該第一比較器的輸出端輸出第一偵測訊號至該穩壓器,該穩壓器根據該第一偵測訊號輸出高於該初始預定電壓的第一預定電壓至該升壓器,該驅動器根據該第一預定電壓拉高閘極電壓。
- 如請求項7所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,當負載接入一段時間,當該第二分壓電阻的分壓大於該第一參考電壓時,該第一比較器的輸出端輸出第二偵測訊號至該穩壓器,該穩壓器根據該第二偵測訊號將預定電壓復位至初始預定電壓,該升壓器根據該初始預定電壓輸出初始閘極電壓。
- 如請求項6所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,當負載由該電源輸出端移除時,該輸出電壓有上升趨勢,當該第二分壓電阻的分壓大於該第二參考電壓時,該第二比較器的輸出端輸出第三偵測訊號至該穩壓器,該穩壓器根據該第三偵測訊號輸出低於該初始預定電壓的第二預定電壓至該升壓器,該升壓器根據該第二預定電壓控制該驅動器拉低閘極電壓。
- 如請求項9所述之開關電源電壓調節器,其中,當負載移除一段時間,當該第二分壓電阻的分壓小於該第二參考電壓時,該第二比較器的輸出端輸出第四偵測訊號至該穩壓器,該穩壓器根據該第四偵測訊號將第二預定電壓復位至初始預定電壓,該升壓器根據該初始預定電壓輸出初始閘極電壓。
- 一種開關電源電壓調節器,包括:
上橋開關連接一電源供應器;
下橋開關耦合至該上橋開關與接地端之間,該上橋開關與該下橋開關之間形成一連接節點;
電感,耦合至連接節點與電源輸出端之間;
當該電源輸出端接入負載引起該電源輸出端的輸出電壓的擺動幅度超過預設值時,動態調整該上、下橋開關的閘極電壓以調整該上、下橋開關的導通電阻用於減小該輸出電壓的擺動。
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