TWI532852B - Alloy powder and laser additive manufacturing process applying the same - Google Patents
Alloy powder and laser additive manufacturing process applying the same Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本揭露內容是有關於一種合金粉體及應用其之雷射積層製程。 The disclosure relates to an alloy powder and a laser laminate process using the same.
模具為產品量產之重要工具，不論是電子、通訊、光電、精密機械或運輸工具等產品之升級，均有賴模具產業技術能力之提升。同時面對全球化的競爭壓力與整個大環境的快速變化下，模具業更是扮演協助產業升級之關鍵性角色，對工業發展非常的重要。 Mold is an important tool for mass production of products. Whether it is the upgrading of products such as electronics, communication, optoelectronics, precision machinery or transportation tools, it depends on the improvement of the technical capabilities of the mold industry. At the same time, in the face of the competitive pressure of globalization and the rapid changes of the entire environment, the mold industry is playing a key role in assisting industrial upgrading, which is very important for industrial development.
然而，模具之硬度及耐溫性直接影響模具使用壽命，連帶影響後端產品品質與功能，而模具的製程及製作成本更影響了產業的競爭力。因此，如何提昇模具硬度與耐溫性以及其製程是目前模具相關業者所積極努力的目標。 However, the hardness and temperature resistance of the mold directly affect the service life of the mold, which affects the quality and function of the back end product, and the manufacturing process and production cost of the mold affect the competitiveness of the industry. Therefore, how to improve the hardness and temperature resistance of the mold and its process are the active goals of the mold-related industry.
本揭露內容係有關於一種合金粉體及應用其之雷射積層製程。 The disclosure relates to an alloy powder and a laser laminate process using the same.
根據本揭露內容之一實施例，係提出一種合金粉體。合金粉體包括52~60%重量百分比的鎳與鐵之組合、16~22%重量百分比的鈷或錳、以及其餘部分為鉻或鋁之至少其中之一。 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an alloy powder is proposed. The alloy powder comprises 52 to 60% by weight of a combination of nickel and iron, 16 to 22% by weight of cobalt or manganese, and the balance being at least one of chromium or aluminum.
根據本揭露內容之另一實施例，係提出一種雷射積層製程。雷射積層製程包括以下步驟。提供一合金粉體，包括52~60%重量百分比的鎳與鐵之組合、16~22%重量百分比的鈷或錳、及其餘部分為鉻或鋁之至少其中之一；對合金粉體進行一雷射燒結步驟以形成一合金製品；以及選擇性地對合金製品進行一熱處理步驟。 In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a laser lamination process is presented. The laser laminate process includes the following steps. Providing an alloy powder comprising 52 to 60% by weight of a combination of nickel and iron, 16 to 22% by weight of cobalt or manganese, and the balance being at least one of chromium or aluminum; The laser sintering step to form an alloy article; and selectively subjecting the alloy article to a heat treatment step.
為了對本發明之上述及其他方面有更佳的瞭解，下文特舉較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下： In order to better understand the above and other aspects of the present invention, the preferred embodiments are described below, and in conjunction with the drawings, the detailed description is as follows:
10‧‧‧真空爐 10‧‧‧Vacuum furnace
20‧‧‧噴粉反應室 20‧‧‧Dusting reaction room
20e‧‧‧出口 20e‧‧‧Export
30‧‧‧合金粉體 30‧‧‧ alloy powder
L‧‧‧雷射光束 L‧‧‧Laser beam
M‧‧‧融熔區 M‧‧‧ melting zone
S‧‧‧固態區 S‧‧‧ solid area
S1~S4‧‧‧階段 S1~S4‧‧‧ stage
D‧‧‧掃描方向 D‧‧‧Scanning direction
第1圖繪示依照本揭露內容之一實施例之合金粉體之製造方法示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method of manufacturing an alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第2圖繪示依照本揭露內容之一實施例之積層製造方法之示意圖。 FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method of manufacturing a laminate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
第3圖繪示依照本揭露內容之一實施例之進行雷射積層製程的合金粉體之溫度-時間關係圖。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing temperature-time relationship of an alloy powder subjected to a laser lamination process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
本揭露內容之實施例中，合金粉體應用於雷射積層製程以製作合金製品，固溶態的合金製品具有低硬度以利於後續 的加工，而熱處理後的合金製品具有高硬度，並且具有良好的製品品質，可廣泛應用於多種模具。以下係參照所附圖式詳細敘述本揭露內容之實施例。實施例所提出的細部結構及步驟為舉例說明之用，並非對本揭露內容欲保護之範圍做限縮。具有通常知識者當可依據實際實施態樣的需要對該些結構及步驟加以修飾或變化。 In an embodiment of the disclosure, the alloy powder is applied to a laser laminate process to produce an alloy product, and the solid solution alloy product has a low hardness to facilitate subsequent The processing, while the heat-treated alloy product has high hardness and good product quality, can be widely used in a variety of molds. Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed structure and steps of the embodiments are for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those having ordinary skill will be able to modify or change the structures and steps as needed in accordance with the actual implementation.
根據本揭露內容之實施例，以下係提出一種合金粉體。 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an alloy powder is proposed below.
一實施例中，合金粉體包括52~60%重量百分比的鎳與鐵之組合、16~22%重量百分比的鈷或錳、以及其餘部分為鉻或鋁之至少其中之一。也就是說，實施例之合金粉體的組成中，鎳加上鐵佔整個合金粉體的重量百分比為52~60%，合金粉體並包括16~22%重量百分比的鈷或16~22%重量百分比的錳。並且，合金粉體的其餘部分為鉻、或鋁、或鉻和鋁之組合。 In one embodiment, the alloy powder comprises 52 to 60% by weight of a combination of nickel and iron, 16 to 22% by weight of cobalt or manganese, and the balance being at least one of chromium or aluminum. That is to say, in the composition of the alloy powder of the embodiment, nickel plus iron accounts for 52-60% by weight of the entire alloy powder, and the alloy powder includes 16-22% by weight of cobalt or 16-22%. Weight percent of manganese. Also, the remainder of the alloy powder is chromium, or aluminum, or a combination of chromium and aluminum.
實施例中，合金粉體中，鎳佔合金粉體的重量百分比例如是12~30%，鐵佔合金粉體的重量百分比例如是26~48%。 In the embodiment, in the alloy powder, the weight percentage of nickel to the alloy powder is, for example, 12 to 30%, and the weight percentage of iron to the alloy powder is, for example, 26 to 48%.
一實施例中，鉻佔合金粉體的重量百分比例如是16~22%。 In one embodiment, the weight percentage of chromium to the alloy powder is, for example, 16 to 22%.
一實施例中，鋁佔合金粉體的重量百分比例如是大於0至8%。另一實施例中，鋁佔合金粉體的重量百分比例如是3~5%。 In one embodiment, the aluminum by weight of the alloy powder is, for example, greater than 0 to 8%. In another embodiment, the weight percentage of aluminum to the alloy powder is, for example, 3 to 5%.
根據本揭露內容之實施例，以下係提出一種雷射積層製程。於一些實施例中，雷射積層製程包括以下步驟。 In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, a laser laminate process is provided below. In some embodiments, the laser laminate process includes the following steps.
首先，提供一合金粉體。合金粉體的性質如前所述， 在此不再贅述。合金粉體的製造方法例如包括下列步驟：提供一金屬原料，以及以一機械方法、一化學方法或一噴霧方法處理金屬原料以形成合金粉體。 First, an alloy powder is provided. The properties of the alloy powder are as described above. I will not repeat them here. The method for producing an alloy powder includes, for example, the steps of providing a metal raw material, and treating the metal raw material by a mechanical method, a chemical method or a spray method to form an alloy powder.
金屬原料例如是純金屬或合金材料。實施例中，金屬原料係選自：鐵、鎳、鈷、錳、鉻、鋁、任兩種以上金屬之合金、或前述之組合。舉例而言，一實施例中，合金粉體包括鎳、鐵、鋁及鈷，則金屬原料則包括鎳、鐵、鋁及鈷的純金屬、任兩種以上金屬之合金、或前述之組合。另一實施例中，合金粉體包括鎳、鐵、鋁及錳，則金屬原料則包括鎳、鐵、鋁及錳的純金屬、任兩種以上金屬之合金、或前述之組合。 The metal raw material is, for example, a pure metal or alloy material. In the examples, the metal raw material is selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, aluminum, an alloy of two or more kinds of metals, or a combination thereof. For example, in one embodiment, the alloy powder includes nickel, iron, aluminum, and cobalt, and the metal material includes a pure metal of nickel, iron, aluminum, and cobalt, an alloy of any two or more metals, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the alloy powder includes nickel, iron, aluminum, and manganese, and the metal material includes a pure metal of nickel, iron, aluminum, and manganese, an alloy of any two or more metals, or a combination thereof.
接著，將對金屬原料以機械方法、化學方法或噴霧方法進行處理。於一些實施例中，形成合金粉體的機械方法例如包括機械加工法、搗碎法、球磨法、冷流衝擊法以及機械合金法之至少其中之一，化學方法例如包括電解法、熱分解法、金屬氧化物還原法、液相析出法以及氣相沈澱法之至少其中之一，噴霧方法例如包括氣體噴霧法、水噴霧法、油噴霧法、離心噴霧法、真空或溶解氣體噴霧法以及超音速噴霧法之至少其中之一。 Next, the metal raw material is treated by a mechanical method, a chemical method or a spray method. In some embodiments, the mechanical method of forming the alloy powder includes, for example, at least one of a mechanical processing method, a mashing method, a ball milling method, a cold flow impact method, and a mechanical alloy method, and the chemical method includes, for example, an electrolytic method and a thermal decomposition method. At least one of a metal oxide reduction method, a liquid phase precipitation method, and a vapor phase precipitation method, and the spraying method includes, for example, a gas spray method, a water spray method, an oil spray method, a centrifugal spray method, a vacuum or a dissolved gas spray method, and a super method. At least one of the sonic spray methods.
第1圖繪示依照本揭露內容之一實施例之合金粉體之製造方法示意圖。本實施例中，合金粉體採用真空感應熔煉氣噴霧(VIGA)製程所製作。如第1圖所示，將具有預定組成比例的金屬原料置入真空爐10中，接著令金屬原料在真空爐10中進行熔煉，熔煉溫度大約為1300~1600℃。金屬原料在真空爐10內融熔後，由真空爐10導入噴粉反應室20，接著合金粉體30便經由出口20e取出。噴粉過程中，經由控制金屬原料的熔湯之溫度以 及液態金屬的壓力(PM；kg/cm2)、流率(mM；kg/sec)及黏度(νm；m2/sec)，可以調整並最佳化合金粉體的特性。相較於機械方式的球磨法，以噴霧方法製作而成的合金粉體30的粒徑較小，且組成成分亦較均勻。 FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method of manufacturing an alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the alloy powder is produced by a vacuum induction smelting gas spray (VIGA) process. As shown in Fig. 1, a metal material having a predetermined composition ratio is placed in a vacuum furnace 10, and then the metal material is smelted in a vacuum furnace 10 at a smelting temperature of about 1300 to 1600 °C. After the metal raw material is melted in the vacuum furnace 10, the vacuum furnace 10 is introduced into the dusting reaction chamber 20, and then the alloy powder 30 is taken out through the outlet 20e. During the dusting process, the temperature of the molten metal by controlling the metal raw material and the pressure of the liquid metal (P M ; kg/cm 2 ), flow rate (m M ; kg/sec), and viscosity (ν m ; m 2 /sec) The characteristics of the alloy powder can be adjusted and optimized. Compared with the mechanical ball milling method, the alloy powder 30 produced by the spraying method has a small particle size and a relatively uniform composition.
接著，對合金粉體30進行一雷射燒結步驟以形成一合金製品。雷射燒結步驟例如包括以下步驟。 Next, a laser sintering step is performed on the alloy powder 30 to form an alloy article. The laser sintering step includes, for example, the following steps.
首先，對預定製作的合金製品的構造進行圖檔建立，可以利用設計軟體或3D掃描的方式建議3D圖檔。然後，利用專業軟體對3D圖檔進行修補、特殊結構設計以及結構特性分析。然後，進行積層製造的前置準備，包括對3D圖檔進行切層、建立支撐結構與切層。然後，導入合金粉體並採用積層製造方法進行合金製品的製作。於雷射燒結步驟所製作出的合金製品具有低硬度，例如是HRC 22~28。 First, the construction of the structure of the alloy article to be produced is carried out, and the 3D image file can be suggested by means of design software or 3D scanning. Then, using professional software to repair 3D files, special structural design and structural characteristics analysis. Then, pre-preparation of the laminate manufacturing is performed, including cutting the 3D image, establishing the support structure and cutting the layer. Then, the alloy powder is introduced and the alloy product is produced by a laminate manufacturing method. The alloy article produced in the laser sintering step has a low hardness, such as HRC 22-28.
第2圖繪示依照本揭露內容之一實施例之積層製造方法之示意圖。如第2圖所示，利用前述3D圖檔的切層圖案進行2D加工。詳細來說，將聚焦的雷射光束L沿著例如是掃描方向D移動並照射於預先鋪層的合金粉體30上，對加工區的合金粉體30進行燒結，使合金粉體30達到熔點附近之溫度而形成如第2圖所示的融熔區M，雷射光束L移開融熔區M後，融熔區M快速冷卻凝固而呈現固溶態，如第2圖所示的固態區S，而尚未被雷射光束L燒結的部分仍為合金粉體30。接著，不斷地重複鋪覆合金粉體30的層以及以雷射光束L對該層進行燒結的步驟，可逐層堆疊成幾乎近似於3D圖檔的合金製品。具有固溶態的合金製品具有低硬度，大約是HRC 22~28，因此非常利於後續的加 工。 FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method of manufacturing a laminate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, 2D processing is performed using the slice pattern of the 3D image. In detail, the focused laser beam L is moved along, for example, the scanning direction D and irradiated onto the pre-laminated alloy powder 30, and the alloy powder 30 in the processing zone is sintered to bring the alloy powder 30 to the melting point. The melting zone M as shown in Fig. 2 is formed by the nearby temperature, and after the laser beam L is removed from the melting zone M, the melting zone M is rapidly cooled and solidified to exhibit a solid solution state, as shown in Fig. 2 The portion S, and the portion that has not been sintered by the laser beam L, is still the alloy powder 30. Next, the step of repeatedly laminating the layers of the alloy powder 30 and sintering the layer with the laser beam L can be stacked layer by layer into an alloy article which is almost similar to the 3D pattern. Alloy products with solid solution state have low hardness, about HRC 22~28, so it is very beneficial for subsequent addition. work.
接著，可選擇性地對低硬度的合金製品進行精細加工。精細加工的步驟例如可以利用線切割加工機、放電加工機、或五軸加工機等進行。此階段中，例如可以對製品的表面進行細部結構加工或製作表面粗糙度。 Next, the low hardness alloy article can be selectively processed. The step of fine processing can be performed, for example, by a wire cutting machine, an electric discharge machine, or a five-axis machine. In this stage, for example, the surface of the product can be subjected to detailed structural processing or surface roughness.
接著，可選擇性地對合金製品進行熱處理(也就是時效處理)，進行熱處理(時效處理)之前的合金製品仍具有固溶態。熱處理的步驟例如可以利用高溫爐進行。熱處理的加熱溫度例如是400~800℃，熱處理的加熱時間係例如是1~6小時。 Next, the alloy article may be selectively subjected to heat treatment (that is, aging treatment), and the alloy article before the heat treatment (aging treatment) still has a solid solution state. The step of heat treatment can be carried out, for example, using a high temperature furnace. The heating temperature of the heat treatment is, for example, 400 to 800 ° C, and the heating time of the heat treatment is, for example, 1 to 6 hours.
此外，尚可以選擇性地對合金製品進行其他後處理。舉例來說，去除合金製品的支撐結構等。 In addition, other post treatments of the alloy article can be selectively performed. For example, the support structure of the alloy article or the like is removed.
第3圖繪示依照本揭露內容之一實施例之進行雷射積層製程的合金粉體之溫度-時間關係圖。需注意的是，本圖係用以說明本揭露內容所製得之合金粉體應用於雷射積層製程中所具有的特性，並非特指任何特定的實施例。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing temperature-time relationship of an alloy powder subjected to a laser lamination process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that this figure is used to illustrate the characteristics of the alloy powder prepared by the present disclosure applied to the laser laminate process, and is not specifically directed to any particular embodiment.
如第3圖所示，於階段S1時，合金粉體進行如第2圖所示的雷射積層燒結，此時操作溫度相當高。接著，每一個層燒結成形後，便快速冷卻凝固而呈現固溶態，此時為階段S2。階段S1至階段S2可以反覆進行多次以製成初步的合金製品，此時的合金製品具有近似於3D圖檔的構造。於此階段S2的合金製品具有低硬度，非常有利於進行加工，特別是表面的精細加工。接著，對合金製品進行熱處理，舉例來說，升溫至700℃並加熱2小時，此時為階段S3。階段S3的操作溫度較高，然低於階段S1之操作溫度。階段S3的熱處理用以提高合金製品的硬度至最終 成品所需的高硬度。最後，熱處理結束後，使合金製品降溫，例如是降到室溫，此時為空冷階段S4。階段S4的合金製品係最終完成品，具有最終的高硬度，例如最高可以到達大於HRC 60。 As shown in Fig. 3, at the stage S1, the alloy powder is subjected to the laser laminate sintering as shown in Fig. 2, and the operating temperature is relatively high at this time. Then, after each layer is sintered and formed, it is rapidly cooled and solidified to exhibit a solid solution state, which is the stage S2. Stages S1 through S2 can be repeated multiple times to make a preliminary alloy article, where the alloy article has a configuration that approximates a 3D pattern. The alloy product of S2 at this stage has a low hardness and is very advantageous for processing, in particular fine processing of the surface. Next, the alloy product is subjected to heat treatment, for example, by raising the temperature to 700 ° C and heating for 2 hours, at this time, the stage S3. The operating temperature of stage S3 is higher, but lower than the operating temperature of stage S1. The heat treatment of stage S3 is used to increase the hardness of the alloy product to the final The high hardness required for the finished product. Finally, after the end of the heat treatment, the alloy product is cooled, for example, to room temperature, at this time, the air cooling stage S4. The alloy product of stage S4 is the final finished product with a final high hardness, for example up to HRC 60.
相較於傳統以模具鋼製作的模具，需經過退火處理、粗加工、固溶-淬火處理、回火處理以及精細加工等多道程序，根據本揭露內容之實施例，以合金粉體30經由雷射積層製程而製作的合金製品，只需要進行一次雷射燒結程序便可以製作出近似成形的合金製品，再經過一次精密加工及熱處理便可以製作完成具有高硬度的模具成品。因此，根據本揭露內容之實施例製作的合金製品，不僅製作流程簡化、製程時間縮短，同時製成模具成品可以具有複雜的曲面、流道及表面粗糙度，尚可以提升尺寸精度。 Compared with the conventional mold made of die steel, a plurality of processes such as annealing, roughing, solution-quenching, tempering, and fine processing are required. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the alloy powder 30 is passed through The alloy product produced by the laser lamination process can be fabricated into an approximately alloy product by performing a laser sintering process, and a precision mold and a heat treatment can be used to produce a finished product having high hardness. Therefore, the alloy product produced according to the embodiment of the present disclosure not only simplifies the production process, but also shortens the process time, and at the same time, the finished product can have complicated curved surfaces, runners and surface roughness, and can improve the dimensional accuracy.
再者，根據本揭露內容之實施例，以雷射積層製程製作的合金製品，其內部具有3D流道，可以達到平穩降溫、降低內應力及避免最終模具成品變形或收縮的效果，因而可以具有良好的製品品質。更進一步，根據本揭露內容之實施例製作的合金製品，可以將複雜的幾何形狀和多個組件簡化為較少的零件(一體設計)，達成更具成本效益的組裝，並且減少材料的使用量，進而降低製作成本。因此，本揭露內容之實施例之合金製品可以廣泛應用於多種模具，例如IC封裝測試模具、射出模具產業、壓鑄模具產業、高溫模具產業、被動元件產業、沖壓模具產業及3C產品模具業等。 Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an alloy article produced by a laser lamination process has a 3D flow path therein, which can achieve a smooth cooling, reduce internal stress, and avoid deformation or shrinkage of the final mold product, and thus can have Good product quality. Still further, alloy articles made in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure can simplify complex geometries and multiple components into fewer parts (integral design), achieve more cost effective assembly, and reduce material usage. , thereby reducing production costs. Therefore, the alloy articles of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be widely applied to various molds, such as IC packaging test molds, injection mold industries, die casting mold industries, high temperature mold industries, passive component industries, stamping die industries, and 3C product mold industries.
以下係就實施例作進一步說明。以下係列出數個實施例之合金粉體的組成以及經過雷射積層製程處理後之硬度結 果，以說明應用本揭露內容所製得之合金粉體的特性。然而以下之實施例僅為例示說明之用，而不應被解釋為本揭露內容實施之限制。各實施例之合金粉體的組成以及經過雷射積層製程處理後之硬度結果如表1~3，其中各元素的比例係以佔整體合金粉體的重量百分比表示，固溶態硬度表示合金粉體經過雷射積層燒結之後製作而成的合金製品的硬度，最終硬度表示合金製品經過熱處理之後的硬度。硬度皆以HRC表示。 The following examples are further described. The following series of alloy powder compositions of several embodiments and the hardness of the laser laminate process To illustrate the characteristics of the alloy powder prepared by applying the present disclosure. However, the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the implementation of the disclosure. The composition of the alloy powder of each of the examples and the hardness results after the laser lamination process are as shown in Tables 1-3, wherein the proportion of each element is expressed as a percentage by weight of the whole alloy powder, and the solid solution hardness is an alloy powder. The hardness of the alloy product prepared after the body is sintered by the laser laminate, and the final hardness indicates the hardness of the alloy product after heat treatment. Hardness is expressed in HRC.
如表1所示，實施例A1~A9之合金粉體包括52~60%重量百分比的鎳和鐵、16~22%重量百分比的鈷、以及16~22%重量百分比的鉻，特別在鋁佔合金粉體的重量百分比為4%時，合金製品具有最高的最終硬度。固溶態合金製品經過2小時700℃ 的熱處理之後，根據X光繞射圖譜(XRD)的結果顯示析出二次相，例如是ρ相，因此硬度大幅提高。 As shown in Table 1, the alloy powders of Examples A1 to A9 include 52 to 60% by weight of nickel and iron, 16 to 22% by weight of cobalt, and 16 to 22% by weight of chromium, particularly in aluminum. When the weight percentage of the alloy powder is 4%, the alloy article has the highest final hardness. Solid solution alloy products after 2 hours 700 ° C After the heat treatment, the secondary phase is precipitated based on the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), for example, the ρ phase, so the hardness is greatly improved.
如表2所示，實施例B1~B4之合金粉體包括53~60%重量百分比的鎳和鐵、20%重量百分比的鉻、以及20%重量百分比的錳，特別在鋁佔合金粉體的重量百分比為3~5%時，固溶態合金製品經過熱處理之後，合金製品具有最高的最終硬度。 As shown in Table 2, the alloy powders of Examples B1 to B4 include 53 to 60% by weight of nickel and iron, 20% by weight of chromium, and 20% by weight of manganese, particularly in the case of aluminum in alloy powder. When the weight percentage is 3 to 5%, the alloy product has the highest final hardness after heat treatment of the solid solution alloy product.
如表3所示，實施例C1~C4之合金粉體包括53~60%重量百分比的鎳和鐵、20%重量百分比的鉻、以及20%重量百分 比的錳，特別在鋁佔合金粉體的重量百分比為3~5%時，固溶態合金製品經過熱處理之後，合金製品具有最高的最終硬度，可以高達HRC 63.7及62.7。此外，相較於實施例A1~A8及B1~B4，實施例C1~C4之合金粉體中，鐵的含量增加，鎳的含量降低，如此一來尚可以大幅降低原料成本。 As shown in Table 3, the alloy powders of Examples C1 to C4 include 53 to 60% by weight of nickel and iron, 20% by weight of chromium, and 20% by weight. Compared with manganese, especially when aluminum accounts for 3 to 5% by weight of the alloy powder, the alloyed product has the highest final hardness after heat treatment, and can be as high as HRC 63.7 and 62.7. Further, compared with Examples A1 to A8 and B1 to B4, in the alloy powders of Examples C1 to C4, the iron content was increased and the nickel content was lowered, so that the raw material cost can be drastically reduced.
再者，如表1~3所示，實施例之合金粉體的組成中，碳含量實質上係為0，因此可以降低雷射積層燒結的快速冷卻凝固過程使得合金製品的結構發生變化的可能性，而避免合金製品在精密加工之前便具有太高的硬度。 Further, as shown in Tables 1 to 3, in the composition of the alloy powder of the example, the carbon content is substantially zero, so that the rapid cooling solidification process of the laser laminate sintering can be made to change the structure of the alloy product. Sex, while avoiding alloy products with too high hardness before precision machining.
因此，本發明之合金粉體可應用於雷射積層製程以製作合金製品，固溶態的合金製品具有低硬度以利於後續的加工，而熱處理後的合金製品具有高硬度，並且具有良好的製品品質，可廣泛應用於多種模具。 Therefore, the alloy powder of the present invention can be applied to a laser laminate process to produce an alloy article, and the alloy article in a solid solution state has a low hardness to facilitate subsequent processing, and the alloy product after heat treatment has high hardness and has a good product. Quality can be widely used in a variety of molds.
綜上所述，雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明。本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作各種之更動與潤飾。因此，本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 In conclusion, the present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
S1~S4‧‧‧階段 S1~S4‧‧‧ stage
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