TWI509844B - Applied to the backlight of the LED light-emitting structure - Google Patents

Applied to the backlight of the LED light-emitting structure Download PDF

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TWI509844B
TWI509844B TW103132440A TW103132440A TWI509844B TW I509844 B TWI509844 B TW I509844B TW 103132440 A TW103132440 A TW 103132440A TW 103132440 A TW103132440 A TW 103132440A TW I509844 B TWI509844 B TW I509844B
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light
emitting diode
light emitting
backlight
diode chip
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Chih Chao Chang
Hung Li Yeh
Yu Ling Tseng
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Unity Opto Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201410502339.1A priority patent/CN105428497B/zh
Priority to JP2014246718A priority patent/JP2016063208A/ja
Priority to US14/619,286 priority patent/US9419188B2/en
Priority to DE102015102275.3A priority patent/DE102015102275B4/de
Priority to KR1020150029055A priority patent/KR20160034166A/ko
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Description

應用至背光源之LED發光結構
本發明係與LED發光結構領域相關,特別是一種藉由限定螢光粉粒徑與封膠特性,以達到提升發光效率與光色良率,並可有效防止螢光粉產生氧化作用之應用至背光源之LED發光結構。
鑑於半導體發光元件之各項優異特性,現今之產業多採用半導體發光元件作為顯示或照明之發光源。而目前,用於顯示及照明之光源多數係透過發光二極體作為設計依據,利用發光二極體元件來設計人工光源用以顯示或照明時,其需求在於提升與一般日光照明效果之相仿度,以及光色呈現之各項特性。迄今,各種高亮度之單晶片發光二極體已高度發展,但由於材料能隙緣故,因此當前單晶片LED之放射僅為窄波段之單色光,又因發光二極體係僅能發出固有色調光之材料特性,故當需呈現白光之顯示或照明效果時,必須利用色彩學混色之原理達成。
目前為止,白光光源結構之主要組成方式為藉由多個獨立發光二極體晶片(RGB)利用三原色光進行混成,或是透過螢光粉與發光二極體晶片之色光互補混合以呈現白光,如日本日亞公司(Nichia)係採用以InGaN系列之藍光發光晶片搭配YAG之黃色螢光粉製成,利用藍光激發黃色螢光粉以藉光色互補及混光作用獲得白光光源。然而無論採用何種方式致使獲得白光效果,皆須力朝仿似實際日光之白色光目標改善。
無論作為照明或是顯示器背光源等用途,光源模組所呈現之色溫、演色系數及色域/色彩飽和度等光色呈現良率皆須具有一定規範,以求更為擬真之色彩呈現效果,且除了光色呈現度外,如整體發光亮度等發光條件亦為一極為重要之要件。目前作為顯示器背光源之大宗為採用藍光發光二極體晶片搭載黃色螢光粉,利用光色互補原理使白光透過藍光及黃光組成,而使其具有成本低廉及發光效率佳之優點,然而,由於此種方式呈現之白光僅包含藍光與黃光相互混成,而導致綠光及紅光成分過少,於光色呈現上係為不足,故亦有部分白光光源結構係以藍色發光二極體晶片搭配紅色螢光粉及綠色螢光粉利用三原色光相互混成,以解決光色不足之缺失。然而,無論使用何種螢光粉與晶片相互搭配混成白光光源,螢光粉之各項特性,如對發光二極體晶片之光線吸收強度、吸收光線後之轉換效率、受濕度及熱影響時之穩定性以及粒徑大小與均勻性等皆會影響最終光源呈現之白光顯示效果,如前述,現今採用發光二極體晶片搭配螢光粉作為白光顯示或照明之技術已為大宗,因此如何在螢光粉與發光二極體之搭配中,運用條件限制提升最終光源之光色均勻度、演色系數、色彩飽和度以及發光效率等功效,係為目前亟欲改善之問題之一。
此外,除了螢光粉本身特性對於光色與發光效率等呈現具有極大影響外,由於目前螢光粉之構成多數以金屬離子做為活化劑,而金屬離子極易與水氣形成氧化,因此LED光源結構於封裝後,如何防止螢光粉過易產生氧化作用而影響其使用時與發光二極體晶片混合形成之白光光色亦為一重要之課題。
故本發明人係構思一種應用至背光源之LED發光結構,利 用限定螢光粉之粒徑大小以及封膠之特性,使該LED結構可保有高發光效率及光色良率,並且防止氧化作用導致螢光粉受激發後之色光產生偏差而影響最終白光呈現效果。
本發明之一目的在於,提供一種應用至背光源之LED發光結構,其係可大幅提升作為白光光源時之發光效率以及光色良率,以及維持螢光粉之穩定性,避免其受環境因素影響產生氧化現象而降低發光效果。
為達上述目的,本發明係提出一種應用至背光源之LED發光結構,具有一基座;一藍光發光二極體晶片,其設於該基座上;一綠光發光二極體晶片,其設於該基座上;一紅色螢光粉,係藉由吸收自該藍光發光二極體晶片所發射的藍光而激發出紅光;及一封膠,係用以封裝該藍光發光二極體晶片、該綠光發光二極體晶片及該紅色螢光粉,其中,該紅色螢光粉之化學式是T2XF6:Mn4+,T可選自Li、Na、K、Rb其中之一,而X可選自Ge,Si,Sn,Zr,Ti其中之一,本發明之應用至背光源之LED發光結構,其特徵在於:該紅色螢光粉之粒徑係介於20~30μm,且該封膠之透濕度係介於10~20g/m2.24h,透氧度係小於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm,使該藍光發光二極體晶片、該綠光發光二極體晶片及該紅色螢光粉受藍光激發後之紅光相互混合呈現白光。
其中,經由實驗證明,欲使本發明獲得最佳之發光效率與光色良率,係可進一步使該紅色螢光粉之最佳粒徑為25μm。
又由於本發明主要為白光背光源效果呈現之改善,因此該基座係可為一平板結構或一杯體結構。
藉此,透過對該紅色螢光粉之粒徑大小及對該封膠之特性限制,使應用至背光源之LED發光結構係可具有極佳之發光效率、光色呈現,以及背光源整體之使用壽命,且可避免該紅色螢光粉受潮產生氧化作用影響最終白光光源之發光效果。
1‧‧‧應用至背光源之LED發光結構
11‧‧‧基座
12‧‧‧藍光發光二極體晶片
13‧‧‧綠光發光二極體晶片
14‧‧‧紅色螢光粉
15‧‧‧封膠
第1圖,係本發明基板為杯體結構之剖面示意圖。
第2圖,係本發明基板為平板結構之剖面示意圖。
第3圖,係為本發明之封膠於各透濕度及透氧度條件下,於 各量測時間點測量之相對發光率數據圖式。
為使 貴審查委員能清楚了解本發明之內容,謹以下列說明搭配圖式,敬請參閱
請參閱第1圖,其係為本發明基座為杯體結構之剖面示意圖,以及第2圖,其係為本發明基座為平板結構之剖面示意圖。本發明之一種應用至背光源之LED發光結構1係包括一基座11、一藍光發光二極體晶片12、一綠光發光二極體晶片13、一紅色螢光粉14及一封膠15。
該藍光發光二極體晶片12及該綠光發光二極體晶片13係分設於該基座11上,且該基座11係可為一平板結構或一杯體結構,如圖1及圖2所示,惟作為白光背光源之用,該基座11無論為平板結構或杯體結構皆有其適用性。該紅色螢光粉14係藉由吸收自該藍光發光二極體晶片12所發射之藍光而激發出紅光,並與藍光發光二極體晶片12產生的藍光及該綠光發光二極體晶片13產生的綠光相互混合而呈現白光。其中,該紅色螢 光粉14之化學通式為T2XF6:Mn4+,T可選自Li、Na、K、Rb其中之一,而X可選自Ge,Si,Sn,Zr,Ti其中之一,於本實施例中,T係選自K,X係選自Si,故該紅色螢光粉14之化學式為K2SiF6:Mn4+,並採用化學共沉法合成,且其粒徑大小係介於20μm~30μm,其中,該紅色螢光粉14之最佳粒徑大小係為25μm,藉此提升該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1整體之發光效率及光色呈現。一般而言,在LED發光結構組合中,螢光粉之粒徑大小係會影響螢光粉受晶片激發後產生之發光效率、CIE-△x值與CIE-△y值以及光色良率等,故螢光粉之粒徑大小對於其受晶片激發後所呈現之光線品質具有極大影響。其中,光色良率係為該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1於實際使用時極為重要之一呈現效果考量因素,例如應用於顯示器時,由於採用LED之背光源之顯示器不如傳統冷陰極管為一體成形之管狀發光源,而是由複數個LED結構以串聯或並聯方式組成背光燈條,進而形成背光源結構,因此當每個封裝後之LED結構產生之顏色不一致,或是偏離預定呈現之色彩,係使應用該背光源之顯示器面板產生色差或是顯色不均之情況,為了避免該情況發生,因此應用LED背光源之相關產品係會限制其顯色之範圍規格,故本發明除了使該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1符合顯色範圍規格外,更是利用限制該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑大小,大幅提升發光效率及光色之良率。
下表所示,其係為該紅色螢光粉14於粒度分布離散度控制於1~1.2之各粒徑範圍時,分別與該藍光發光二極體晶片12之藍光及該綠光發光二極體晶片13之綠光混合後所對應之CIE-△x值與CIE-△y值,以及發光效率與光色良率之表現。其中,該光色良率表現係為當CIE-△x值與 CIE-△y值分別為0.03時,各粒徑範圍大小之該紅色螢光粉14可產生之光色良率。
由上表可知,該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑越小,雖具有較佳之光色良率,但其發光效率係大幅下降,反之,該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑越大,其發光效率較佳,但相對則具有較差之光色良率,而當該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑位於20~30μm時,係使該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1之CIE-△x值與CIE-△y值皆位於0.03~0.04,意即其光色集中性最佳,並且使發光效率與光色良率可分別維持於97%以上及95%以上,故本發明特限定該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑於此範圍實施,以使該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1產生最佳之亮度與光色呈現。其中,特別一提的是,當該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑為25μm時,其發光效率除了可維持於97%以上外甚可達到100%,因此25μm係為該紅色螢光粉14之最佳粒徑大小。
該封膠15用以封裝該藍光發光二極體晶片12、該綠光發光二極體晶片13及該紅色螢光粉14,其中該封膠15之透濕度係介於10~20 g/m2.24h,透氧度係小於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm,藉此使該藍光發光二極體晶片12之藍光、該綠光發光二極體晶片13之綠光及該紅色螢光粉14受藍光激發後之紅光相互混合形成之白光具有較佳之發光率與光色良率。如前述,該紅色螢光粉14之化學通式為T2XF6:Mn4+,因此該紅色螢光粉14係具有Mn4+離子並依靠Mn4+離子進行激發,因此若Mn4+離子產生氧化情形即會影響該紅色螢光粉14之發光效率以及光色呈現,故該封膠15之透濕度及透氧度需要特別加以限制,以避免空氣中之水氣滲入該基座11內而與該紅色螢光粉14作用產生氧化問題,導致該紅色螢光粉14之顯色偏差影響整體白光呈現。
下表係為利用各透濕度及透氧度之該封膠15製成之LED結構,於各量測時間點所測試之相對發光率數值,並請搭配參閱第3圖,其測試環境溫度(Ta)為85℃,濕度(RH)為85%,電流為120mA,功率為0.4W,其中A組封膠:透濕度大於20g/m2.24h,透氧度大於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm;B組封膠:透濕度介於10~20g/m2.24h,透氧度大於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm;C組封膠:透濕度介於10~20g/m2.24h,透氧度小於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm;D組封膠:透濕度小於10g/m2.24h,透氧度小於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm。
由上表及第3圖可知,該封膠15於各條件下係具有相異之亮度衰減率,其中該封膠15於透濕度介於10~20g/m2.24h,小於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm之條件下(表中C組),隨發光時間之延長仍相對其他組別之該封膠15而具有最佳之相對發光率,意即其具有較為緩慢之亮度衰減趨勢,進而使該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1之具有更長之使用壽命,因此本發明亦針對該封膠15之透濕度及透氧度進行限定,以維持該應用至LED背光源結構1於使用時呈現之發光效率及使用壽命,並可有效防止該紅色螢光粉14之氧化情形。本發明藉由同時控制該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑大小以及用以封裝之該封膠15的透濕度及透氧度等特性,使本發明可具有最佳之發光效率與光色表現。
由上述各項實驗數據係可明瞭本發明針對該紅色螢光粉14之粒徑大小及該封膠15之透濕度與透氧度之限定,係為了使該應用至背光源之LED發光結構1達到最佳之發光效率、光色良率以及提升使用壽命等功效,且藉由該封膠15之條件限定有效防止該紅色螢光粉14與空氣中之水氣作用而產生氧化情形,避免使該紅色螢光粉14受激發後之紅光產生色度偏差,使其和該藍光發光二極體晶片12及該綠光發光二極體晶片13之藍光與綠光混合後呈現之白光可維持一定之良率。
以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,並非用以限定本發明實施之範圍,故該所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,或是熟悉此技術所作出等效或輕易的變化者,在不脫離本發明之精神與範圍下所作之均等變化與修飾,皆應涵蓋於本發明之專利範圍內。
1‧‧‧應用至背光源之LED發光結構
11‧‧‧基座
12‧‧‧藍光發光二極體晶片
13‧‧‧綠光發光二極體晶片
14‧‧‧紅色螢光粉
15‧‧‧封膠

Claims (3)

  1. 一種應用至背光源之LED發光結構,具有一基座;一藍光發光二極體晶片,其設於該基座上;一綠光發光二極體晶片,其設於該基座上;一紅色螢光粉,係藉由吸收自該藍光發光二極體晶片所發射的藍光而激發出紅光;及一封膠,係用以封裝該藍光發光二極體晶片、該綠光發光二極體晶片及該紅色螢光粉,其中,該紅色螢光粉之化學式是T2XF6:Mn4+,T可選自Li、Na、K、Rb其中之一,而X可選自Ge,Si,Sn,Zr,Ti其中之一,該應用至背光源之LED發光結構,其特徵在於:該紅色螢光粉之粒徑係介於20~30μm,且該封膠之透濕度係介於10~20g/m2.24h,透氧度係小於1000cm3/m2.24h.atm,使該藍光發光二極體晶片、該綠光發光二極體晶片及該紅色螢光粉受藍光激發後之紅光相互混合呈現白光。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之應用至背光源之LED發光結構,其中,該紅色螢光粉之最佳粒徑為25μm。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之應用至背光源之LED發光結構,其中,該基座為一平板結構或一杯體結構。
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