TWI501686B

TWI501686B - Three-dimensional heat source

Info

Publication number: TWI501686B
Application number: TW098114582A
Authority: TW
Inventors: Kai Liu; Chen Feng; Kai-Li Jiang; Jia-Ping Wang; Shou-Shan Fan
Original assignee: Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd
Priority date: 2009-04-30
Filing date: 2009-04-30
Publication date: 2015-09-21
Also published as: TW201039672A

Description

立體熱源 Stereo heat source

本發明涉及一種立體熱源，尤其涉及一種基於奈米碳管之立體熱源。 The invention relates to a stereo heat source, in particular to a stereo heat source based on a carbon nanotube.

熱源在人們之生產、生活、科研中起著重要之作用。立體熱源係熱源之一種，其特點為立體熱源具有一立體結構，從而可將待加熱物體設置於其內部進行加熱。由於立體熱源可對待加熱物體之各個部位同時加熱，故，立體熱源具有加熱面廣、加熱均勻且效率較高等優點。立體熱源已成功用於工業領域、科研領域或生活領域等，如工廠管道、實驗室加熱爐或廚具電烤箱等。 Heat sources play an important role in people's production, life, and research. The three-dimensional heat source is a heat source, which is characterized in that the three-dimensional heat source has a three-dimensional structure, so that the object to be heated is placed inside the body for heating. Since the three-dimensional heat source can simultaneously heat various parts of the object to be heated, the three-dimensional heat source has the advantages of wide heating surface, uniform heating and high efficiency. Stereoscopic heat sources have been successfully used in industrial fields, scientific research fields or living areas, such as factory pipes, laboratory furnaces or kitchen ovens.

立體熱源之基本結構通常包括一加熱元件。先前之立體熱源之加熱元件通常採用金屬絲，如鉻鎳合金絲、銅絲、鉬絲或鎢絲等通過鋪設或纏繞之方式形成。然而，採用金屬絲作為加熱元件具有以下缺點：其一，金屬絲表面容易被氧化，導致局部電阻增加，從而被燒斷，故使用壽命短；其二，金屬絲為灰體輻射，故，熱輻射效率低，輻射距離短，且輻射不均勻；其三，金屬絲密度較大，重量大，使用不便。 The basic structure of a three-dimensional heat source typically includes a heating element. The heating element of the previous three-dimensional heat source is usually formed by laying or winding a wire such as a chrome-nickel wire, a copper wire, a molybdenum wire or a tungsten wire. However, the use of a wire as a heating element has the following disadvantages: First, the surface of the wire is easily oxidized, resulting in an increase in local resistance, thereby being blown, so that the service life is short; and second, the wire is irradiated with gray body, so, heat The radiation efficiency is low, the radiation distance is short, and the radiation is uneven; thirdly, the wire has a large density, a large weight, and is inconvenient to use.

為解決金屬絲作為加熱元件存在之問題，碳纖維因為其具有良好之黑體輻射性能，密度小等優點成為加熱元件材料研究之熱點。碳纖維作為加熱元件時，通常以碳纖維紙之形式存在。所述碳纖維紙包括紙基材和雜亂分佈於該紙基材中之瀝青基碳纖維。其中，紙基材包括纖維素纖維和樹脂等的混合物，瀝青基碳纖維之直徑為3毫米~6毫米，長度為5微米~20微米。然而，採用碳纖維紙作為加熱元件具有以下缺點：其一，由於該碳纖維紙中之瀝青基碳纖維雜亂分佈，所以該碳纖維紙之強度較小，柔性較差，容易破裂，同樣具有壽命較短之缺點；其二，碳纖維紙之電熱轉換效率較低，不利於節能環保。 In order to solve the problem of the wire as a heating element, the carbon fiber has become a hot spot in the research of heating element materials because of its good black body radiation performance and low density. When carbon fibers are used as heating elements, they are usually present in the form of carbon fiber paper. The carbon fiber The crepe paper comprises a paper substrate and pitch-based carbon fibers that are disorderly distributed in the paper substrate. Wherein, the paper substrate comprises a mixture of cellulose fibers and a resin, and the pitch-based carbon fibers have a diameter of 3 mm to 6 mm and a length of 5 μm to 20 μm. However, the use of carbon fiber paper as a heating element has the following disadvantages: First, since the pitch-based carbon fiber in the carbon fiber paper is disorderly distributed, the carbon fiber paper has low strength, poor flexibility, and is easily broken, and has the disadvantage of short life; Second, carbon fiber paper has low electrothermal conversion efficiency, which is not conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection.

自九十年代初以來，以奈米碳管(請參見Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon,Nature,Sumio Iijima,vol 354,p56(1991))為代表之奈米材料以其獨特之結構及性質引起了人們極大之關注。近幾年來，隨著奈米碳管及奈米材料研究之不斷深入，其廣闊之應用前景不斷顯現出來。范守善等人於民國95年6月16日申請的，於民國97年1月1日公開之一篇公開號為200800793之台灣公開專利申請中公開了一種奈米柔性電熱材料。該電熱材料包括一柔性基體及分散在所述柔性基體中之複數奈米碳管。該複數奈米碳管以粉末態存在，彼此間結合力很弱，無法形成一具有特定形狀之自支撐結構。將該粉末態之奈米碳管與聚合物溶液混合時，該粉末態之奈米碳管極易團聚，從而導致奈米碳管在基體中分散不均勻。為了避免奈米碳管在聚合物溶液中分散時之團聚現象，一方面，在分散之過程中需要通過超聲波振盪處理該奈米碳管與聚合物溶液之混合物，另一方面，該電熱材料中奈米碳管之質量百分含量不能太高，僅為0.1~4%。 Since the early 1990s, nanomaterials represented by carbon nanotubes (see Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, Sumio Iijima, vol 354, p56 (1991)) have caused people with their unique structure and properties. Great concern. In recent years, with the deepening of research on carbon nanotubes and nanomaterials, its broad application prospects have been continuously revealed. A nano-flexible electrothermal material is disclosed in Taiwan Patent Application Publication No. 200800793, which is hereby incorporated by reference. The electrocaloric material includes a flexible substrate and a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in the flexible substrate. The plurality of carbon nanotubes exist in a powder state, and the bonding force between them is weak, and a self-supporting structure having a specific shape cannot be formed. When the powdered carbon nanotubes are mixed with the polymer solution, the powdered carbon nanotubes are extremely agglomerated, resulting in uneven dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the matrix. In order to avoid the agglomeration phenomenon when the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the polymer solution, on the one hand, the mixture of the carbon nanotubes and the polymer solution needs to be treated by ultrasonic vibration during the dispersion, and on the other hand, in the electrothermal material The mass percentage of the carbon nanotubes should not be too high, only 0.1 to 4%.

而且，奈米碳管在經過上述分散處理之後，即使奈米碳管彼此間能夠相互接觸，其結合力也較弱，無法形成一自支撐之奈米碳管結構。由於奈米碳管含量少，熱電材料之熱回應速度不夠快，電熱轉換效率不夠高，故該電熱材料之發熱溫度不夠高，限制了其應用範圍。另外，為了使奈米碳管在液相中分散，製備電熱材料時，其柔性基體只能選擇聚合物材料，聚合物材料耐熱溫度較低，此種採用在液相中分散奈米碳管形成電熱材料之方法限制了基體材料之選擇。 Moreover, after the above-described dispersion treatment of the carbon nanotubes, even if the carbon nanotubes can contact each other, the bonding force is weak, and a self-supporting carbon nanotube cannot be formed. structure. Since the carbon nanotube content is small, the thermal response speed of the thermoelectric material is not fast enough, and the electrothermal conversion efficiency is not high enough, so the heating temperature of the electrothermal material is not high enough, which limits the application range. In addition, in order to disperse the carbon nanotubes in the liquid phase, when preparing the electrothermal material, the flexible matrix can only select the polymer material, and the polymer material has a low heat resistance temperature, and the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes is formed in the liquid phase. The method of electrothermal material limits the choice of matrix material.

有鑒於此，確有必要提供一種電熱轉換效率高，且發熱溫度範圍較寬之立體熱源。 In view of this, it is indeed necessary to provide a three-dimensional heat source having high electrothermal conversion efficiency and a wide heating temperature range.

一種立體熱源裝置，其包括：一個加熱元件，該加熱元件為一奈米碳管複合結構，其包括一基體及一奈米碳管結構；以及，至少兩個電極間隔設置並與所述加熱元件電連接，所述之加熱元件構成一個中空之三維結構，所述之加熱元件中之奈米碳管結構包括至少一個自支撐的奈米碳管線狀結構，所述基體完全包覆該奈米碳管結構，所述奈米碳管結構具有複數孔隙，所述奈米碳管複合結構中，所述基體材料滲入該奈米碳管結構的孔隙中，與所述奈米碳管結構緊密結合，以使所述基體完全包覆該奈米碳管結構並且所述基體至少部分嵌入於該奈米碳管結構的複數孔隙中。 A three-dimensional heat source device comprising: a heating element, wherein the heating element is a carbon nanotube composite structure comprising a substrate and a carbon nanotube structure; and at least two electrodes are spaced apart from the heating element Electrically connected, the heating element forming a hollow three-dimensional structure, wherein the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element comprises at least one self-supporting nanocarbon line-like structure, the substrate completely covering the nanocarbon In the tube structure, the carbon nanotube structure has a plurality of pores, and in the carbon nanotube composite structure, the matrix material infiltrates into the pores of the carbon nanotube structure, and is closely combined with the carbon nanotube structure. The substrate is completely coated with the carbon nanotube structure and the substrate is at least partially embedded in the plurality of pores of the carbon nanotube structure.

一種立體熱源裝置，其包括：一加熱元件；以及，至少兩個電極，該至少兩個電極間隔設置且與該加熱元件電連接；所述之加熱元件包括至少一線狀奈米碳管複合結構，該至少一線狀奈米碳管複合結構合圍形成一立體結構，所述線狀奈米碳管複合結構包括至少一自支撐的奈米碳管線狀結構以及與該奈米碳管線狀結構複合之基體材料，所述奈米碳管線狀結構具有複數孔隙，所述線狀奈米碳管複合結構中，所述基體材料滲入該奈米碳管線狀結構的孔隙中，與所述奈米碳管線狀結構緊密結合，以使所述基體材料完全包覆該奈米碳管線狀結構。 A three-dimensional heat source device comprising: a heating element; and at least two electrodes spaced apart and electrically connected to the heating element; the heating element comprising at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure, The at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure encloses a three-dimensional structure, the linear carbon nanotube composite structure comprising at least one self-supporting nanocarbon pipeline-like structure and a matrix composited with the nanocarbon pipeline-like structure a material, the nanocarbon line-like structure having a plurality of pores, the line In the carbon nanotube composite structure, the matrix material penetrates into the pores of the nanocarbon pipeline-like structure, and is tightly combined with the nanocarbon pipeline-like structure, so that the matrix material completely coats the nanocarbon pipeline. Structure.

與先前技術相比較，所述之立體熱源具有以下優點：由於該奈米碳管結構為一自支撐結構，該自支撐之奈米碳管結構與基體直接複合，可使複合後形成之加熱元件中奈米碳管仍相互結合保持一奈米碳管結構之形態，從而使加熱元件中奈米碳管既能均勻分佈形成導電網絡，又不受奈米碳管在加工過程中所使用之溶液之分散濃度之限制，進而使奈米碳管在加熱元件中之質量百分含量可達到99%，使該熱源具有較高之電熱轉換效率，且發熱溫度範圍較寬。 Compared with the prior art, the three-dimensional heat source has the following advantages: since the carbon nanotube structure is a self-supporting structure, the self-supporting carbon nanotube structure is directly combined with the matrix, and the heating element formed after the composite can be formed. The carbon nanotubes are still combined with each other to maintain the shape of a carbon nanotube structure, so that the carbon nanotubes in the heating element can be uniformly distributed to form a conductive network, and the solution used in the processing of the carbon nanotubes is not used. The limitation of the dispersion concentration, so that the mass percentage of the carbon nanotubes in the heating element can reach 99%, so that the heat source has a high electrothermal conversion efficiency, and the heating temperature range is wide.

100,200,300‧‧‧立體熱源 100,200,300‧‧‧ Stereo heat source

102,302‧‧‧中空之三維支撐結構 102,302‧‧‧ hollow three-dimensional support structure

104,204,304‧‧‧加熱層 104,204,304‧‧‧heating layer

108,208,308‧‧‧熱反射層 108,208,308‧‧‧heat reflective layer

110,210,310‧‧‧第一電極 110,210,310‧‧‧first electrode

112,212,312‧‧‧第二電極 112,212,312‧‧‧second electrode

2042‧‧‧基體材料 2042‧‧‧Base material

2044‧‧‧奈米碳管結構 2044‧‧‧Nano Carbon Tube Structure

143‧‧‧奈米碳管片段 143‧‧‧Nano carbon nanotube fragments

145‧‧‧奈米碳管 145‧‧・Nano carbon tube

圖1為本發明第一實施例所提供之立體熱源之結構示意圖。 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-dimensional heat source according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

圖2為圖1沿II-II線之剖面示意圖。 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of Figure 1.

圖3為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源包括層狀奈米碳管複合結構設置於中空之三維支撐結構表面之示意圖，其中基體材料滲透於奈米碳管結構中。 3 is a schematic view showing a three-dimensional heat source including a layered carbon nanotube composite structure disposed on a surface of a hollow three-dimensional support structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the base material is infiltrated into the carbon nanotube structure.

圖4為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源包括層狀奈米碳管複合結構設置於中空之三維支撐結構表面之示意圖，其中奈米碳管結構複合於基體材料中。 4 is a schematic view showing a three-dimensional heat source including a layered carbon nanotube composite structure disposed on a surface of a hollow three-dimensional support structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the carbon nanotube structure is composited in the base material.

圖5為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源包括單個線狀奈米碳管複合結構設置於中空之三維支撐結構表面之示意圖。 FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a three-dimensional heat source according to a first embodiment of the present invention comprising a single linear carbon nanotube composite structure disposed on a surface of a hollow three-dimensional support structure.

圖6為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源包括複數線狀奈米碳管複合結構設置於線狀支撐結構表面之示意圖。 6 is a perspective view of a stereo heat source including a plurality of linear carbon nanotube composites according to a first embodiment of the present invention; A schematic view of the structure disposed on the surface of the linear support structure.

圖7為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之一種奈米碳管拉膜之掃描電鏡照片。 Fig. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of a carbon nanotube film used in the three-dimensional heat source of the first embodiment of the present invention.

圖8為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之奈米碳管拉膜之結構示意圖。 Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view showing a carbon nanotube film used for a three-dimensional heat source according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

圖9為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之一種奈米碳管絮化膜之掃描電鏡照片。 Figure 9 is a scanning electron micrograph of a carbon nanotube flocculation film used in the three-dimensional heat source of the first embodiment of the present invention.

圖10為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所採用之另一種包括沿同一方向擇優取向排列之奈米碳管之奈米碳管碾壓膜之掃描電鏡照片。 Fig. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of another carbon nanotube rolled film comprising a carbon nanotube arranged in a preferred orientation in the same direction as the three-dimensional heat source of the first embodiment of the present invention.

圖11為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之一種包括沿不同方向擇優取向排列之奈米碳管之奈米碳管碾壓膜之掃描電鏡照片。 Figure 11 is a scanning electron micrograph of a carbon nanotube rolled film comprising carbon nanotubes arranged in different orientations in a direction similar to that of the three-dimensional heat source of the first embodiment of the present invention.

圖12為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之一種非扭轉奈米碳管線之掃描電鏡照片。 Figure 12 is a scanning electron micrograph of a non-twisted nanocarbon line used in the three-dimensional heat source of the first embodiment of the present invention.

圖13為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之一種扭轉之奈米碳管線之掃描電鏡照片。 Figure 13 is a scanning electron micrograph of a twisted nanocarbon line used in the three-dimensional heat source of the first embodiment of the present invention.

圖14為本發明第一實施例之立體熱源所使用之一種奈米碳管拉膜與環氧樹脂複合形成之加熱元件之截面掃描電鏡照片。 Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional scanning electron micrograph of a heating element formed by a composite of a carbon nanotube film and an epoxy resin used in a three-dimensional heat source according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

圖15係圖1中之立體熱源之製備方法之流程圖。 Figure 15 is a flow chart showing the method of preparing the three-dimensional heat source of Figure 1.

圖16係本發明第二實施例之立體熱源之結構示意圖。 Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of a three-dimensional heat source according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

圖17係沿圖16中XVII-XVII線之剖視圖。 Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVII-XVII of Figure 16.

圖18係沿圖16中XVIII-XVIII線之剖視圖。 Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVIII-XVIII of Figure 16.

圖19係本發明第三實施例之立體熱源之結構示意圖。 Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of a three-dimensional heat source according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

圖20係沿圖19中XX-XX線之剖視圖。 Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX-XX of Figure 19.

以下將結合附圖詳細說明本發明之立體熱源及其製備方法。 Hereinafter, the three-dimensional heat source of the present invention and a method for preparing the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

請參閱圖1及圖2，為本發明第一實施例提供一種立體熱源100。該立體熱源100包括一中空之三維支撐結構102，一加熱元件104，一第一電極110及一第二電極112。該加熱元件104設置於該中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。該第一電極110和第二電極112分別與加熱元件104電連接，用於使所述加熱元件104接通電源從而流過電流。 Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a stereo heat source 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is provided. The three-dimensional heat source 100 includes a hollow three-dimensional support structure 102, a heating element 104, a first electrode 110 and a second electrode 112. The heating element 104 is disposed on a surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are electrically connected to the heating element 104, respectively, for turning the heating element 104 on to supply a current.

所述中空之三維支撐結構102用於支撐加熱元件104，使加熱元件104形成一立體結構，該立體結構定義一空間，使加熱元件104可從複數方向向該空間內加熱，從而提升加熱元件104之加熱效率。中空之三維支撐結構102可由硬性材料或柔性材料製成。當該中空之三維支撐結構102選擇硬性材料時，其可為陶瓷、玻璃、樹脂、石英、塑膠等中之一種或幾種。當中空之三維支撐結構102選擇柔性材料時，其可為樹脂、橡膠、塑膠及柔性纖維等中之一種或幾種。當該中空之三維支撐結構102選擇柔性材料時，其在使用時還可根據需要彎折成任意形狀。在本實施例中，該中空之三維支撐結構102由硬性材料製成。所述中空之三維支撐結構102具有一空心結構，且其可為全封閉結構，也可為半封閉結構，其具體可根據實際需要如被加熱元件之結構進行改變。該中空之三維支撐結構102之結構可為管狀、球狀、長方體狀等。中空之三維支撐結構102之橫截面之形狀亦不限，可為圓形、弧形、長方形等。在本實施例中，中空之三維支撐結構102為一空心陶瓷管，其橫截面為一圓形。 The hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is used to support the heating element 104 such that the heating element 104 forms a three-dimensional structure that defines a space that allows the heating element 104 to be heated from the plurality of directions into the space, thereby lifting the heating element 104. Heating efficiency. The hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 can be made of a hard material or a flexible material. When the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 selects a hard material, it may be one or more of ceramic, glass, resin, quartz, plastic, and the like. When the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 selects a flexible material, it may be one or more of resin, rubber, plastic, and flexible fiber. When the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 selects a flexible material, it can also be bent into any shape as needed during use. In the present embodiment, the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is made of a hard material. The hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 has a hollow structure, and may be a fully enclosed structure or a semi-closed structure, which may be specifically changed according to actual needs such as the structure of the element to be heated. The middle The structure of the empty three-dimensional support structure 102 may be tubular, spherical, cuboid, or the like. The shape of the cross section of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is also not limited, and may be circular, curved, rectangular, or the like. In the present embodiment, the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is a hollow ceramic tube having a circular cross section.

所述加熱元件104可設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之內表面或外表面。本實施例中，加熱元件104設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面。所述加熱元件104包括一奈米碳管複合結構，該奈米碳管複合結構可通過黏結劑(圖未示)設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面。所述之黏結劑可為矽膠。該奈米碳管複合結構也可通過機械連接方式，如螺釘，固定於中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。該奈米碳管複合結構之長度、寬度及厚度不限。可以理解，該三維支撐結構為可選擇結構，當加熱元件104可自支撐合圍形成一立體結構時，可無需三維支撐結構102。 The heating element 104 can be disposed on an inner or outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102. In this embodiment, the heating element 104 is disposed on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102. The heating element 104 includes a carbon nanotube composite structure that can be disposed on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by a bonding agent (not shown). The binder may be tannin. The carbon nanotube composite structure can also be fixed to the surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by mechanical connection, such as screws. The length, width and thickness of the carbon nanotube composite structure are not limited. It can be understood that the three-dimensional support structure is an optional structure. When the heating element 104 can self-support and form a three-dimensional structure, the three-dimensional support structure 102 can be omitted.

所述奈米碳管複合結構包括一奈米碳管結構以及基體材料。該奈米碳管結構為一自支撐結構。所謂“自支撐結構”即該奈米碳管結構無需通過一支撐體支撐，也能保持自身特定之形狀。該自支撐結構之奈米碳管結構包括複數奈米碳管，該複數奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引，從而使奈米碳管結構具有特定之形狀。所述奈米碳管結構中之奈米碳管包括單壁奈米碳管、雙壁奈米碳管及多壁奈米碳管中之一種或多種。所述單壁奈米碳管之直徑為0.5奈米~50奈米，所述雙壁奈米碳管之直徑為1.0奈米~50奈米，所述多壁奈米碳管之直徑為1.5奈米~50奈米。本發明中，該奈米碳管結構為層狀或線狀結構。由於該奈米碳管結構具有自支撐性，在不通過支撐體支撐時仍可保持層狀或線狀結構。該奈米碳管結構中奈米碳管之間具有大量間隙，從而使該奈米碳管結構具有大量孔隙，所述基體材料滲入該孔隙中，與所述奈米碳管結構緊密結合。所述孔隙之直徑小於10微米。所述奈米碳管結構之單位面積熱容小於2×10^-4焦耳每平方厘米開爾文。優選地，所述奈米碳管結構之單位面積熱容可小於等於1.7×10^-6焦耳每平方厘米開爾文。具體地，所述奈米碳管結構可包括至少一奈米碳管膜、至少一奈米碳管線狀結構或其組合。 The carbon nanotube composite structure includes a carbon nanotube structure and a matrix material. The carbon nanotube structure is a self-supporting structure. The so-called "self-supporting structure" means that the carbon nanotube structure can maintain its own specific shape without being supported by a support body. The carbon nanotube structure of the self-supporting structure includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are attracted to each other by the van der Waals force, so that the carbon nanotube structure has a specific shape. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure include one or more of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a double-walled carbon nanotube, and a multi-walled carbon nanotube. The single-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of 0.5 nm to 50 nm, the double-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of 1.0 nm to 50 nm, and the multi-walled carbon nanotube has a diameter of 1.5. Nano ~ 50 nm. In the present invention, the carbon nanotube structure is a layered or linear structure. Due to the self-supporting nature of the carbon nanotube structure, a layered or linear structure can be maintained without being supported by the support. The carbon nanotube structure has a large amount of gaps between the carbon nanotubes, so that the carbon nanotube structure has a large number of pores, and the matrix material penetrates into the pores to closely bond with the carbon nanotube structure. The pores have a diameter of less than 10 microns. The carbon nanotube structure has a heat capacity per unit area of less than 2 x 10 ^-4 joules per square centimeter Kelvin. Preferably, the carbon nanotube structure has a heat capacity per unit area of less than or equal to 1.7 x 10 ^-6 joules per square centimeter Kelvin. Specifically, the carbon nanotube structure may include at least one carbon nanotube film, at least one nano carbon line structure, or a combination thereof.

所述奈米碳管複合結構可包括一層狀奈米碳管複合結構或至少一線狀奈米碳管複合結構設置在中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。 The carbon nanotube composite structure may include a layered carbon nanotube composite structure or at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure disposed on a surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102.

所述層狀奈米碳管複合結構為二維結構。該層狀奈米碳管複合結構可包裹或纏繞在中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面，也可通過黏結劑或機械方式黏附或固定於中空之三維支撐結構102之內表面。依據奈米碳管結構與基體材料之複合方式之不同，該層狀奈米碳管複合結構之具體結構包括以下兩種情形： The layered carbon nanotube composite structure has a two-dimensional structure. The layered carbon nanotube composite structure may be wrapped or wound around the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102, or may be adhered or fixed to the inner surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by an adhesive or mechanical means. Depending on the composite mode of the carbon nanotube structure and the matrix material, the specific structure of the layered carbon nanotube composite structure includes the following two cases:

第一種情形，請參閱圖3，所述層狀奈米碳管複合結構包括一層狀之奈米碳管結構2044以及一基體材料2042滲透於該層狀之奈米碳管結構2044中。該層狀之奈米碳管結構2044中具有大量之孔隙，該基體材料2042滲透於該層狀之奈米碳管結構2044之孔隙中。當該層狀之奈米碳管結構2044包括複數奈米碳管膜時，該複數奈米碳管膜可層疊設置。當該層狀奈米碳管結構2044包括單個奈米碳管線狀結構時，該單個奈米碳管線狀結構折疊或盤繞成一層狀自支撐結構。當該層狀之奈米碳管結構2044包括複數奈米碳管線狀結構時，該複數奈米碳管線狀結構可平行緊密設置、交叉設置或編織成一層狀自支撐結構。當該層狀奈米碳管結構2044同時包括奈米碳管膜和奈米碳管線狀結構時，所述奈米碳管線狀結構設置於至少一奈米碳管膜之至少一表面。 In the first case, referring to FIG. 3, the layered carbon nanotube composite structure includes a layered carbon nanotube structure 2044 and a matrix material 2042 is infiltrated into the layered carbon nanotube structure 2044. The layered carbon nanotube structure 2044 has a plurality of pores therein, and the matrix material 2042 penetrates into the pores of the layered carbon nanotube structure 2044. When the layered carbon nanotube structure 2044 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube films, the plurality of carbon nanotube films may be stacked. When the layered carbon nanotube structure 2044 comprises a single nanocarbon line-like structure, the single nanocarbon line-like structure is folded or coiled into a layer of self-supporting structure. When the layered carbon nanotube structure 2044 comprises a plurality of nanocarbon line-like structures, the plurality of nanocarbon line-like structures may be arranged in parallel, crosswise or woven into a layered self-supporting structure. When the layered carbon nanotube structure 2044 is simultaneously packaged In the case of a carbon nanotube film and a nanocarbon line-like structure, the nanocarbon line-like structure is disposed on at least one surface of at least one carbon nanotube film.

第二種情形，請參閱圖4，所述層狀奈米碳管複合結構包括一基體2042以及一奈米碳管結構2044複合於該基體2042中。該基體2042為層狀結構，且該奈米碳管結構2044分佈於該基體2042中，優選地，該奈米碳管結構2044在基體2042中均勻分佈。請一併參閱圖1，當該奈米碳管結構2044為複數平行且間隔設置之奈米碳管線狀結構時，該奈米碳管線狀結構由第一電極110延伸至第二電極112，本實施例中，奈米碳管線狀結構由中空之三維支撐結構102之一端延伸至另一端。 In the second case, referring to FIG. 4, the layered carbon nanotube composite structure includes a substrate 2042 and a carbon nanotube structure 2044 compounded in the substrate 2042. The substrate 2042 is a layered structure, and the carbon nanotube structure 2044 is distributed in the substrate 2042. Preferably, the carbon nanotube structure 2044 is evenly distributed in the substrate 2042. Referring to FIG. 1 , when the carbon nanotube structure 2044 is a plurality of parallel and spaced nano carbon line-like structures, the nano carbon line structure extends from the first electrode 110 to the second electrode 112 . In an embodiment, the nanocarbon line-like structure extends from one end of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 to the other end.

所述線狀奈米碳管複合結構包括一奈米碳管線狀結構以及一基體材料滲透於該奈米碳管線狀結構中或包覆於奈米碳管線狀結構之表面。請參閱圖5，當該加熱元件104為單個線狀奈米碳管複合結構時，該單個線狀奈米碳管複合結構可直接纏繞於所述中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面，或者通過黏結劑或機械方式固定於中空之三維支撐結構102之內表面或外表面。請一併參閱圖1，第一電極110和第二電極112可分別與該單個線狀奈米碳管複合結構之兩端電連接。第一電極110和第二電極112為環狀，也可為C形等類似環狀之結構。本實施例中，第一電極110和第二電極112大致平行。請參閱圖6，當該加熱元件104包括複數線狀奈米碳管複合結構時，該複數線狀奈米碳管複合結構可交叉設置或編織成一層狀結構，然後纏繞或包裹於所述中空之三維支撐結構102表面。 The linear carbon nanotube composite structure comprises a nano carbon line structure and a matrix material is infiltrated into the nano carbon line structure or coated on the surface of the nano carbon line structure. Referring to FIG. 5, when the heating element 104 is a single linear carbon nanotube composite structure, the single linear carbon nanotube composite structure may be directly wound on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102, or The adhesive or mechanical means is fixed to the inner or outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102. Referring to FIG. 1 together, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are respectively electrically connected to both ends of the single linear carbon nanotube composite structure. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are annular, and may also have a C-shaped or the like. In this embodiment, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are substantially parallel. Referring to FIG. 6, when the heating element 104 includes a plurality of linear carbon nanotube composite structures, the plurality of linear carbon nanotube composite structures may be cross-arranged or woven into a layered structure, and then wrapped or wrapped in the hollow. The surface of the three-dimensional support structure 102.

所述奈米碳管膜可包括奈米碳管拉膜、奈米碳管絮化膜或奈米碳管碾壓膜。所述奈米碳管線狀結構可包括至少一個奈米碳管線、複數奈米碳管線平行排列組成之束狀結構或複數奈米碳管線相互扭轉組成之絞線結構。 The carbon nanotube film may include a carbon nanotube film, a carbon nanotube film or a carbon nanotube film. The nanocarbon pipeline structure may include at least one nanocarbon pipeline, A stranded structure in which a plurality of nano carbon pipelines are arranged in parallel and a plurality of nano carbon pipelines are twisted to each other.

所述奈米碳管膜包括均勻分佈之奈米碳管，奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合。該奈米碳管膜中之奈米碳管為無序或有序排列。這裏無序指奈米碳管之排列方向無規律，這裹有序指至少多數奈米碳管之排列方向具有一定規律。具體地，當奈米碳管膜包括無序排列之奈米碳管時，奈米碳管相互纏繞或者各向同性排列；當奈米碳管結構包括有序排列之奈米碳管時，奈米碳管沿一個方向或者複數方向擇優取向排列。本實施例中，優選地，所述奈米碳管結構包括複數層疊設置之奈米碳管膜，且該奈米碳管結構之厚度優選為0.5奈米~1毫米。可以理解，奈米碳管結構之熱回應速度與其厚度有關。在相同面積之情況下，奈米碳管結構之厚度越大，熱回應速度越慢；反之，奈米碳管結構之厚度越小，熱回應速度越快。 The carbon nanotube membrane comprises uniformly distributed carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes are tightly coupled by van der Waals force. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are disordered or ordered. The disorder here means that the arrangement direction of the carbon nanotubes is irregular, and this ordering means that at least most of the arrangement of the carbon nanotubes has a certain regularity. Specifically, when the carbon nanotube film comprises a disordered arrangement of carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are entangled or isotropically aligned; when the carbon nanotube structure comprises an ordered arrangement of carbon nanotubes, The carbon nanotubes are arranged in a preferred orientation in one direction or in a plurality of directions. In this embodiment, preferably, the carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of laminated carbon nanotube films, and the thickness of the carbon nanotube structure is preferably 0.5 nm to 1 mm. It can be understood that the thermal response speed of the carbon nanotube structure is related to its thickness. In the case of the same area, the greater the thickness of the carbon nanotube structure, the slower the heat response speed; conversely, the smaller the thickness of the carbon nanotube structure, the faster the heat response speed.

所述奈米碳管拉膜為從一奈米碳管陣列中拉取所獲得之奈米碳管膜。所述奈米碳管結構可包括一層奈米碳管拉膜或兩層以上奈米碳管拉膜。奈米碳管拉膜包括複數沿同一方向擇優取向且平行於奈米碳管拉膜表面排列之奈米碳管。所述奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連。請參閱圖7及圖8，每一奈米碳管拉膜包括複數連續且定向排列之奈米碳管片段143。該複數奈米碳管片段143通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連。每一奈米碳管片段143包括複數相互平行之奈米碳管145，該複數相互平行之奈米碳管145通過凡德瓦爾力緊密連接。該奈米碳管片段143具有任意的寬度、厚度、均勻性及形狀。所述奈米碳管拉膜之厚度為0.5奈米~100微米，寬度與拉取該奈米碳管拉膜之奈米碳管陣列之尺寸有關，長度不限。所述奈米碳管拉膜及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於民國96年2月12日申請，於民國97年8月16日公開之公開號為200833862之專利申請“奈米碳管膜結構及其製備方法”，申請人：鴻富錦精密工業(深圳)有限公司。為節省篇幅，僅引用於此，但上述申請所有技術揭露也應視為本發明申請技術揭露之一部分。可以理解的是，當該奈米碳管結構由奈米碳管拉膜組成，且奈米碳管結構之厚度比較小時，例如小於10微米，該奈米碳管結構有很好的透明度，其透光率可達到90%，可用於製造一透明熱源。 The carbon nanotube film is a carbon nanotube film obtained by pulling an array of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube structure may include a layer of carbon nanotube film or two or more layers of carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged in the same direction and aligned parallel to the surface of the carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotubes are connected end to end by Van der Waals force. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, each carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of continuous and aligned carbon nanotube segments 143. The plurality of carbon nanotube segments 143 are connected end to end by Van der Waals force. Each of the carbon nanotube segments 143 includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes 145 that are parallel to each other, and the plurality of mutually parallel carbon nanotubes 145 are tightly connected by a van der Waals force. The carbon nanotube segment 143 has any width, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The thickness of the carbon nanotube film is 0.5 nm to 100 μm, and the width It is related to the size of the carbon nanotube array for pulling the carbon nanotube film, and the length is not limited. The carbon nanotube film and the preparation method thereof are described in Fan Shoushan et al., filed on February 12, 1996, the patent application entitled "Nano Carbon Tube Membrane" published on August 16, 1997, in the publication No. 200833862. Structure and preparation method thereof, applicant: Hongfujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. In order to save space, only the above is cited, but all the technical disclosures of the above application are also considered as part of the technical disclosure of the present application. It can be understood that when the carbon nanotube structure is composed of a carbon nanotube film and the thickness of the carbon nanotube structure is relatively small, for example, less than 10 micrometers, the carbon nanotube structure has good transparency and is transparent. The light rate can reach 90% and can be used to make a transparent heat source.

當所述奈米碳管結構包括兩層以上之奈米碳管拉膜時，該複數層奈米碳管拉膜相互疊加設置或並列設置。相鄰兩層奈米碳管拉膜中之擇優取向排列之奈米碳管之間形成一交叉角度α，α大於等於0度且小於等於90度。所述複數層奈米碳管拉膜之間或一個奈米碳管拉膜之中之相鄰之奈米碳管之間具有一定間隙，從而在奈米碳管結構中形成複數孔隙，孔隙之尺寸約小於10微米以使所述基體滲入這些孔隙中。 When the carbon nanotube structure comprises two or more layers of carbon nanotube film, the plurality of layers of carbon nanotube film are stacked or juxtaposed. An alternating angle α is formed between the preferred orientation of the carbon nanotubes in the adjacent two layers of carbon nanotube film, and α is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees. a gap between the plurality of layers of carbon nanotube film or between adjacent carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube film, thereby forming a plurality of pores in the carbon nanotube structure, and the pores The size is less than about 10 microns to allow the matrix to penetrate into the pores.

所述奈米碳管絮化膜為通過一絮化方法形成之奈米碳管膜，該奈米碳管絮化膜包括相互纏繞且均勻分佈之奈米碳管。奈米碳管之長度大於10微米，優選為200微米~900微米。所述奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引、纏繞，形成網絡狀結構。所述奈米碳管絮化膜各向同性。所述奈米碳管絮化膜中之奈米碳管為均勻分佈，無規則排列，形成大量之孔隙結構，孔隙尺寸約小於10微米。所述奈米碳管絮化膜之長度和寬度不限。請參閱圖9，由於在奈米碳管絮化膜中，奈米碳管相互纏繞，故該奈米碳管絮化膜具有很好的柔韌性，且為一自支撐結構，可彎曲折疊成任意形狀而不破裂。所述奈米碳管絮化膜之面積及厚度均不限，厚度為1微米~1毫米，優選為100微米。所述奈米碳管絮化膜及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於民國96年5月11日申請的，於民國97年11月16日公開之公開號為200844041之台灣公開專利申請“奈米碳管薄膜之製備方法”，申請人：鴻富錦精密工業(深圳)有限公司。為節省篇幅，僅引用於此，但上述申請所有技術揭露也應視為本發明申請技術揭露之一部分。 The carbon nanotube flocculation membrane is a carbon nanotube membrane formed by a flocculation method, and the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane comprises carbon nanotubes which are intertwined and uniformly distributed. The length of the carbon nanotubes is greater than 10 microns, preferably between 200 microns and 900 microns. The carbon nanotubes are attracted and entangled by van der Waals forces to form a network structure. The carbon nanotube flocculation membrane is isotropic. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane are uniformly distributed, randomly arranged, and form a large number of pore structures, and the pore size is less than about 10 micrometers. The length and width of the carbon nanotube film are not limited. Referring to FIG. 9, since the carbon nanotubes are intertwined in the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane, the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane has It has good flexibility and is a self-supporting structure that can be bent and folded into any shape without breaking. The area and thickness of the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane are not limited, and the thickness is from 1 micrometer to 1 millimeter, preferably 100 micrometers. For the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane and the preparation method thereof, please refer to the patent application of Taiwan Patent Application No. 200844041, published on May 11, 1996, by Fan Shoushan et al. Method for preparing rice carbon tube film, Applicant: Hongfujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. In order to save space, only the above is cited, but all the technical disclosures of the above application are also considered as part of the technical disclosure of the present application.

所述奈米碳管碾壓膜為通過碾壓一奈米碳管陣列形成之奈米碳管膜。該奈米碳管碾壓膜包括均勻分佈之奈米碳管，奈米碳管沿同一方向或不同方向擇優取向排列。奈米碳管也可係各向同性。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜中之奈米碳管相互部分交疊，並通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引，緊密結合，使得該奈米碳管結構具有很好的柔韌性，可彎曲折疊成任意形狀而不破裂。且由於奈米碳管碾壓膜中之奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引，緊密結合，使奈米碳管碾壓膜為一自支撐之結構。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜可通過碾壓一奈米碳管陣列獲得。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜中之奈米碳管與形成奈米碳管陣列之生長基底之表面形成一夾角β，其中，β大於等於0度且小於等於15度，該夾角β與施加在奈米碳管陣列上之壓力有關，壓力越大，該夾角越小，優選地，該奈米碳管碾壓膜中之奈米碳管平行於該生長基底排列。依據碾壓之方式不同，該奈米碳管碾壓膜中之奈米碳管具有不同之排列形式。請參閱圖10，當沿同一方向碾壓時，奈米碳管沿一固定方向擇優取向排列。請參閱圖11，當沿不同方向碾壓時，奈米碳管沿不同方向擇優取向排列。當從奈米碳管陣列之上方垂直碾壓奈米碳管陣列時，奈米碳管碾壓膜係各向同性的。該奈米碳管碾壓膜中奈米碳管之長度大於50微米。 The carbon nanotube rolled film is a carbon nanotube film formed by rolling an array of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube rolled film comprises uniformly distributed carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes are arranged in the same direction or in different directions. The carbon nanotubes can also be isotropic. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film partially overlap each other and are attracted to each other by the van der Waals force, and the carbon nanotube structure has good flexibility and can be bent and folded into Any shape without breaking. Moreover, since the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film are attracted to each other by the van der Waals force, the carbon nanotube film is a self-supporting structure. The carbon nanotube rolled film can be obtained by rolling an array of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film form an angle β with the surface of the growth substrate forming the carbon nanotube array, wherein β is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 15 degrees, and the angle β is applied The pressure on the carbon nanotube array is related. The larger the pressure, the smaller the angle. Preferably, the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film are aligned parallel to the growth substrate. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film have different arrangements depending on the manner of rolling. Referring to Figure 10, when rolled in the same direction, the carbon nanotubes are arranged in a preferred orientation along a fixed orientation. Referring to Figure 11, when rolled in different directions, the carbon nanotubes are arranged in a preferred orientation in different directions. Carbon nanotubes when vertically milling a carbon nanotube array from above the array of carbon nanotubes The roller compacted membrane is isotropic. The length of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film is greater than 50 microns.

該奈米碳管碾壓膜之面積和厚度不限，可根據實際需要選擇，如被加熱物體所要加熱之時間。該奈米碳管碾壓膜之面積與奈米碳管陣列之尺寸基本相同。該奈米碳管碾壓膜厚度與奈米碳管陣列之高度以及碾壓之壓力有關，可為1微米~1毫米。可以理解，奈米碳管陣列之高度越大而施加之壓力越小，則製備之奈米碳管碾壓膜之厚度越大，反之，奈米碳管陣列之高度越小而施加之壓力越大，則製備之奈米碳管碾壓膜之厚度越小。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜之中之相鄰之奈米碳管之間具有一定間隙，從而在奈米碳管碾壓膜中形成複數孔隙，孔隙之尺寸約小於10微米。所述奈米碳管碾壓膜及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於民國96年6月29日申請，於民國98年1月1日公開號為200900348之台灣公開專利申請“奈米碳管薄膜的製備方法”，申請人：鴻富錦精密工業(深圳)有限公司。為節省篇幅，僅引用於此，但上述申請所有技術揭露也應視為本發明申請技術揭露之一部分。 The area and thickness of the carbon nanotube rolled film are not limited, and may be selected according to actual needs, such as the time to be heated by the object to be heated. The area of the carbon nanotube rolled film is substantially the same as the size of the carbon nanotube array. The thickness of the carbon nanotube film is related to the height of the carbon nanotube array and the pressure of the rolling, and may be 1 micrometer to 1 millimeter. It can be understood that the larger the height of the carbon nanotube array and the lower the pressure applied, the greater the thickness of the prepared carbon nanotube rolled film. Conversely, the smaller the height of the carbon nanotube array, the more the applied pressure Large, the smaller the thickness of the prepared carbon nanotube rolled film. There is a gap between adjacent carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube rolled film, thereby forming a plurality of pores in the carbon nanotube rolled film, and the size of the pores is less than about 10 micrometers. The carbon nanotube rolling film and the preparation method thereof are described in Fan Shoushan et al., June 29, 1996, and published on January 1, 1998, Taiwan Patent Application No. 200900348, Taiwan Patent Application "Nano Carbon Tube" Method for preparing film", applicant: Hongfujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. In order to save space, only the above is cited, but all the technical disclosures of the above application are also considered as part of the technical disclosure of the present application.

當所述奈米碳管結構選用奈米碳管線狀結構，其包括至少一根奈米碳管長線。當奈米碳管線狀結構包括複數根奈米碳管長線時，奈米碳管長線平行設置或相互螺旋纏繞。 When the carbon nanotube structure is a nano carbon line-like structure, it includes at least one long carbon nanotube line. When the nanocarbon line-like structure includes a plurality of long carbon nanotube long lines, the long lines of the carbon nanotubes are arranged in parallel or spirally wound with each other.

所述奈米碳管線可為非扭轉之奈米碳管線或扭轉之奈米碳管線。該非扭轉之奈米碳管線為將奈米碳管拉膜通過有機溶劑處理得到。請參閱圖12，該非扭轉之奈米碳管線包括複數沿奈米碳管線長度方向排列並首尾相連之奈米碳管。優選地，該非扭轉之奈米碳管線包括複數奈米碳管片段，該複數奈米碳管片段之間通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連，每一奈米碳管片段包括複數相互平行並通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合之奈米碳管。該奈米碳管片段具有任意之長度、厚度、均勻性及形狀。該非扭轉之奈米碳管線長度不限，直徑為0.5奈米~100微米，優選地，該非扭轉之奈米碳管線直徑為10微米~100微米。 The nano carbon line may be a non-twisted nano carbon line or a twisted nano carbon line. The non-twisted nano carbon pipeline is obtained by treating a carbon nanotube film by an organic solvent. Referring to FIG. 12, the non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged along the length of the nanocarbon pipeline and connected end to end. Preferably, the non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline comprises a plurality of carbon nanotube segments, and the plurality of carbon nanotube segments pass between the van der Waals Valli is connected end to end, and each nano carbon tube segment includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes that are parallel to each other and closely coupled by van der Waals force. The carbon nanotube segments have any length, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The non-twisted nano carbon line has an unlimited length and a diameter of 0.5 nm to 100 μm. Preferably, the non-twisted nano carbon line has a diameter of 10 μm to 100 μm.

所述扭轉之奈米碳管線為採用一機械力將所述奈米碳管拉膜兩端沿相反方向扭轉獲得。請參閱圖13，該扭轉之奈米碳管線包括複數繞奈米碳管線軸向螺旋排列之奈米碳管。優選地，該扭轉之奈米碳管線包括複數奈米碳管片段，該複數奈米碳管片段之間通過凡德瓦爾力首尾相連，每一奈米碳管片段包括複數相互平行並通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合之奈米碳管。該奈米碳管片段具有任意之長度、厚度、均勻性及形狀。該扭轉之奈米碳管線長度不限，直徑為0.5奈米~100微米。所述奈米碳管線及其製備方法請參見范守善等人於民國91年11月5日申請的，於民國92年5月16日公告之公告號為I303239之台灣公告專利“一種奈米碳管繩及其製造方法”，申請人：鴻富錦精密工業(深圳)有限公司，以及於民國94年12月16日公開公開號為200724486之台灣公開專利申請“奈米碳管絲及其製作方法”，申請人：鴻富錦精密工業(深圳)有限公司。為節省篇幅，僅引用於此，但上述申請所有技術揭露也應視為本發明申請技術揭露之一部分。 The twisted nanocarbon pipeline is obtained by twisting both ends of the carbon nanotube film in a reverse direction by a mechanical force. Referring to FIG. 13, the twisted nanocarbon pipeline includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranged in an axial spiral arrangement around the carbon nanotubes. Preferably, the twisted nanocarbon pipeline comprises a plurality of carbon nanotube segments, and the plurality of carbon nanotube segments are connected end to end by van der Waals force, and each of the carbon nanotube segments includes a plurality of parallel and pass through the van der Waals Valli is closely integrated with the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube segments have any length, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The twisted nano carbon line is not limited in length and has a diameter of 0.5 nm to 100 μm. The nano carbon pipeline and its preparation method can be found in Fan Shoushan et al., which was applied for on November 5, 1991. The announcement of the Republic of China on May 16, 1992 is No. I303239. Rope and its manufacturing method", applicant: Hong Fujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., and Taiwan Patent Application No. 200724486, published on December 16, 1994, "Nano Carbon Tube Wire and Method of Making Same "Applicant: Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. In order to save space, only the above is cited, but all the technical disclosures of the above application are also considered as part of the technical disclosure of the present application.

進一步地，可採用一揮發性有機溶劑處理該扭轉之奈米碳管線。在揮發性有機溶劑揮發時產生之表面張力之作用下，處理後之扭轉之奈米碳管線中相鄰之奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合，使扭轉之奈米碳管線之直徑及比表面積進一步減小，從而使其密度及強度進一步增大。 Further, the twisted nanocarbon line can be treated with a volatile organic solvent. Under the action of the surface tension generated by the volatilization of the volatile organic solvent, the adjacent carbon nanotubes in the twisted nanocarbon pipeline after treatment are tightly bonded by the van der Waals force, so that the diameter of the twisted nanocarbon pipeline and The specific surface area is further reduced, thereby making it dense And the strength is further increased.

由於該奈米碳管線為採用有機溶劑或機械力處理上述奈米碳管拉膜獲得，該奈米碳管拉膜為自支撐結構，故該奈米碳管線也為自支撐結構。另外，由於該奈米碳管線中相鄰奈米碳管間存在間隙，故該奈米碳管線具有大量孔隙，孔隙的尺寸約小於10微米。 Since the nano carbon line is obtained by treating the above carbon nanotube film with an organic solvent or mechanical force, the carbon nanotube film is a self-supporting structure, so the nano carbon line is also a self-supporting structure. In addition, due to the gap between adjacent carbon nanotubes in the nanocarbon pipeline, the nanocarbon pipeline has a large number of pores, and the pore size is less than about 10 micrometers.

本發明實施例之奈米碳管結構包括複數沿相同方向層疊設置之奈米碳管拉膜，從而使奈米碳管結構中奈米碳管均沿同一方向擇優取向排列。 The carbon nanotube structure of the embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of carbon nanotube film laminated in the same direction, so that the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are aligned in the same direction.

所述基體之材料可選自高分子材料或非金屬材料等。該基體或形成該基體之前驅體在一定溫度下為液態或氣態，從而使該基體或該基體之前驅體在立體熱源100之加熱元件104之製備過程中能夠滲透到該奈米碳管結構之間隙或孔隙中，並形成一固態基體與奈米碳管結構相結合之複合結構。該基體164的材料應具有一定之耐熱性能，使其在該立體熱源100之工作溫度內不致受熱破壞、變形、熔化、氣化或分解。該高分子材料可包括熱塑性聚合物或熱固性聚合物之一種或複數種，如纖維素、聚對苯二甲酸乙酯、壓克力樹脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、酚醛樹脂、環氧樹脂、矽膠及聚酯等中之一種或複數種。該非金屬材料可包括玻璃、陶瓷及半導體材料中之一種或複數種。 The material of the substrate may be selected from a polymer material or a non-metal material or the like. The substrate or the precursor before forming the substrate is in a liquid or gaseous state at a certain temperature, so that the substrate or the precursor of the substrate can penetrate into the carbon nanotube structure during the preparation of the heating element 104 of the stereo heat source 100. In the gap or pore, and forming a composite structure of a solid matrix combined with a carbon nanotube structure. The material of the substrate 164 should have a certain heat resistance so that it is not damaged, deformed, melted, vaporized or decomposed by heat during the operating temperature of the three-dimensional heat source 100. The polymer material may comprise one or more of a thermoplastic polymer or a thermosetting polymer, such as cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, One or more of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, silicone rubber and polyester. The non-metallic material may include one or more of glass, ceramic, and semiconductor materials.

由於奈米碳管結構中之奈米碳管間具有間隙，從而在奈米碳管結構中形成複數孔隙，且由於基體或基體之前驅體在一定溫度下為液態或氣態，該基體在與奈米碳管結構複合時可滲入該奈米碳管結構孔隙內。圖14為本實施例中奈米碳管結構與環氧樹脂複合後形成之奈米碳管複合結構之橫斷面圖。該奈米碳管結構為一奈米碳管拉膜。可發現，與環氧樹脂複合之後，奈米碳管結構仍能基本保持複合前之形態，奈米碳管在環氧樹脂基體內基本沿同一方向排列。 Due to the gap between the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure, a plurality of pores are formed in the carbon nanotube structure, and since the matrix or the precursor of the matrix is liquid or gaseous at a certain temperature, the matrix is in the form of When the carbon nanotube structure is compounded, it can penetrate into the pores of the carbon nanotube structure. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the composite structure of the carbon nanotube formed by the combination of the carbon nanotube structure and the epoxy resin in the present embodiment. The carbon nanotube structure is one nanometer Carbon tube film. It can be found that after the composite with the epoxy resin, the carbon nanotube structure can still maintain the form before the composite, and the carbon nanotubes are arranged in the same direction in the epoxy resin matrix.

該基體可只填充於所述奈米碳管結構之孔隙中，也可完全包覆整個奈米碳管結構。當該加熱元件104包括複數奈米碳管結構時，該複數奈米碳管結構可相互間隔或相互接觸之設置於該基體中。當該奈米碳管結構為面狀結構時，該面狀結構可相互間隔或相互接觸之並排設置或層疊設置在基體中；當該奈米碳管結構為線狀結構時，該線狀結構可相互間隔或相互接觸之並排設置在基體中。當奈米碳管結構間隔設置於基體中時，可節省製備該加熱元件104所需之奈米碳管結構之用量。另外，可視實際需要將奈米碳管結構設置在基體之特定位置，從而使該加熱元件104在不同位置具有不同之加熱溫度。 The substrate may be filled only in the pores of the carbon nanotube structure, or may completely cover the entire carbon nanotube structure. When the heating element 104 includes a plurality of carbon nanotube structures, the plurality of carbon nanotube structures may be disposed in the substrate at intervals or in contact with each other. When the carbon nanotube structure is a planar structure, the planar structures may be arranged side by side or in contact with each other or stacked in a matrix; when the carbon nanotube structure is a linear structure, the linear structure The substrates may be arranged side by side or spaced apart from each other. When the carbon nanotube structures are spaced apart from the substrate, the amount of carbon nanotube structure required to prepare the heating element 104 can be saved. In addition, the carbon nanotube structure may be disposed at a specific position of the substrate as needed, so that the heating element 104 has different heating temperatures at different positions.

所述基體滲透於奈米碳管結構之孔隙中，可起到固定該奈米碳管結構中之奈米碳管之作用，使在使用時奈米碳管結構中之奈米碳管不致因外力摩擦或刮劃而脫落。當所述基體包覆整個奈米碳管結構時，該基體可進一步保護該奈米碳管結構，同時保證該加熱元件104與外部絕緣。另外，該基體可進一步起到導熱及使熱量分佈均勻之目的。進一步地，當該奈米碳管結構急劇升溫時，該基體可起到緩衝熱量之作用，使該加熱元件104之溫度變化較為柔和。當該基體材料為柔性材料時，可增強奈米碳管複合結構之柔性與韌性。 The substrate penetrates into the pores of the carbon nanotube structure, and functions to fix the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure, so that the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are not caused by the use. External force rubs or scratches and falls off. When the substrate covers the entire carbon nanotube structure, the substrate further protects the carbon nanotube structure while ensuring that the heating element 104 is insulated from the outside. In addition, the substrate can further serve heat conduction and uniform heat distribution. Further, when the structure of the carbon nanotube is heated rapidly, the substrate acts to buffer heat, and the temperature of the heating element 104 is softened. When the base material is a flexible material, the flexibility and toughness of the carbon nanotube composite structure can be enhanced.

通過將基體與自支撐之奈米碳管結構直接複合形成加熱元件104，可使奈米碳管在加熱元件104中均勻分佈，且奈米碳管之含量達到99%，提高了立體熱源100之發熱溫度。由於該奈米碳管結構為一自支撐結構，且奈米碳管在奈米碳管結構中均勻分佈，將該自支撐之奈米碳管結構與基體直接複合，可使複合後形成之加熱元件104中奈米碳管仍相互結合保持一奈米碳管結構之形態，從而使加熱元件104中奈米碳管既能均勻分佈形成導電網絡，又不受奈米碳管在溶液中分散濃度之限制，使奈米碳管在奈米碳管複合結構中之質量百分含量可達到99%。 By directly compounding the substrate with the self-supporting carbon nanotube structure to form the heating element 104, the carbon nanotubes can be evenly distributed in the heating element 104, and the content of the carbon nanotubes When it reaches 99%, the heating temperature of the stereo heat source 100 is increased. Since the carbon nanotube structure is a self-supporting structure, and the carbon nanotubes are evenly distributed in the carbon nanotube structure, the self-supporting carbon nanotube structure is directly combined with the matrix to form a heating after the composite. The carbon nanotubes in the element 104 are still combined with each other to maintain the shape of a carbon nanotube structure, so that the carbon nanotubes in the heating element 104 can be uniformly distributed to form a conductive network, and are not dispersed in the solution of the carbon nanotubes in the solution. The limitation is that the mass percentage of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube composite structure can reach 99%.

所述第一電極110和第二電極112由導電材料製成，該第一電極110和第二電極112之形狀不限，可為導電膜、金屬片或者金屬引線。優選地，第一電極110和第二電極112均為一層導電膜。當用於微型立體熱源100時，該導電膜之厚度為0.5奈米~100微米。該導電膜之材料可為金屬、合金、銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銻錫氧化物(ATO)、導電銀膠、導電聚合物或導電性奈米碳管等。該金屬或合金材料可為鋁、銅、鎢、鉬、金、鈦、釹、鈀、銫或其任意組合之合金。本實施例中，所述第一電極110和第二電極112之材料為金屬鈀膜，厚度為5奈米。所述金屬鈀與奈米碳管具有較好的潤濕效果，有利於所述第一電極110及第二電極112與所述加熱元件104之間形成良好之電接觸，減少歐姆接觸電阻。 The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are made of a conductive material, and the shapes of the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are not limited, and may be a conductive film, a metal piece or a metal lead. Preferably, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are each a layer of a conductive film. When used in the micro-stereo heat source 100, the conductive film has a thickness of 0.5 nm to 100 μm. The material of the conductive film may be metal, alloy, indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), conductive silver paste, conductive polymer or conductive carbon nanotube. The metal or alloy material can be an alloy of aluminum, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, titanium, rhodium, palladium, iridium or any combination thereof. In this embodiment, the material of the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 is a metal palladium film and has a thickness of 5 nm. The metal palladium has a better wetting effect with the carbon nanotubes, which facilitates good electrical contact between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 and the heating element 104, and reduces ohmic contact resistance.

所述之第一電極110和第二電極112與加熱元件104中之奈米碳管結構電連接。其中，第一電極110和第二電極112間隔設置，以使加熱元件104應用於立體熱源100時接入一定之阻值避免短路現象產生。 The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element 104. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are spaced apart to allow a certain resistance to be applied when the heating element 104 is applied to the stereo heat source 100 to avoid short circuit.

當基體只填充於該奈米碳管結構之孔隙中時，由於該奈米碳管結構中部分奈米碳管部分暴露於加熱元件104表面，該第一電極110 和第二電極112可設置在加熱元件104之表面上，從而使該第一電極110和第二電極112與奈米碳管結構電連接。該第一電極110和第二電極112可設置在加熱元件104之同一表面上也可設置在加熱元件104之不同表面上。另外，當該加熱元件104中基體包覆整個奈米碳管結構時，為使該第一電極110和第二電極112與該奈米碳管結構電連接，該第一電極110和第二電極112可設置於加熱元件104之基體中，並直接與奈米碳管結構接觸。此時，為使該第一電極110和第二電極112與外部電源導通，該第一電極110和第二電極112可部分暴露於加熱元件104之外；或者，該立體熱源100可進一步包括兩條引線，分別與該第一電極110和第二電極112電連接，並從該基體內部引出。 When the substrate is only filled in the pores of the carbon nanotube structure, the first electrode 110 is partially exposed to the surface of the heating element 104 in the carbon nanotube structure. And the second electrode 112 may be disposed on the surface of the heating element 104 such that the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 may be disposed on the same surface of the heating element 104 or on different surfaces of the heating element 104. In addition, when the substrate of the heating element 104 covers the entire carbon nanotube structure, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure, and the first electrode 110 and the second electrode are electrically connected. 112 may be disposed in the matrix of the heating element 104 and directly in contact with the carbon nanotube structure. At this time, in order to make the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 electrically connected to the external power source, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 may be partially exposed outside the heating element 104; or the stereo heat source 100 may further include two The strip leads are electrically connected to the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112, respectively, and are taken out from the inside of the substrate.

當該奈米碳管結構中奈米碳管有序排列時，該奈米碳管之排列方向可沿從第一電極110至第二電極112方向延伸。所述之第一電極110和第二電極112可通過一導電黏結劑(圖未示)設置於該加熱元件104或奈米碳管結構表面，導電黏結劑在實現第一電極110和第二電極112與奈米碳管結構電接觸之同時，還可將所述第一電極110和第二電極112更好地固定於奈米碳管結構之表面上。該導電黏結劑可為銀膠。 When the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are arranged in an order, the arrangement direction of the carbon nanotubes may extend in the direction from the first electrode 110 to the second electrode 112. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 may be disposed on the surface of the heating element 104 or the carbon nanotube structure through a conductive adhesive (not shown), and the conductive adhesive is used to implement the first electrode 110 and the second electrode. The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 can also be better fixed to the surface of the carbon nanotube structure while being electrically contacted with the carbon nanotube structure. The conductive adhesive can be a silver paste.

可以理解，第一電極110和第二電極112之結構和材料均不限，其設置目的係為了使所述加熱元件104中奈米碳管結構流過電流。故，所述第一電極110和第二電極112只需要導電，並與所述加熱元件104中奈米碳管結構之間形成電接觸都在本發明之保護範圍內。所述第一電極110和第二電極112之具體位置不限，只需確保第一電極110與第二電極112分別與加熱元件104電連接。由於加熱元件104為一奈米碳管複合結構，該奈米碳管複合材料包括一基體和分佈於該基體中之奈米碳管結構，真正起到加熱作用之元件為奈米碳管結構，故，第一電極110和第二電極112應與奈米碳管結構電連接。所述立體熱源100也可包括複數電極與所述加熱元件104電連接，其數量不限，通過控制不同之電極實現加熱元件104有選擇地加熱各個區域。該複數電極中任意兩個電極可分別與外部電路電連接，使電連接於該兩個電極之間之加熱元件104工作。優選地，該複數電極中之任意兩個相鄰之電極通過外接導線(圖未示)分別與外部電源電連接，即交替間隔設置之電極同時接正極或負極。 It can be understood that the structure and material of the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are not limited, and the purpose is to make a current flow in the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element 104. Therefore, it is within the scope of the present invention that the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 need only be electrically conductive and form electrical contact with the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element 104. The specific positions of the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are not limited, and it is only necessary to ensure that the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are electrically connected to the heating element 104, respectively. Due to The heat element 104 is a carbon nanotube composite structure, and the carbon nanotube composite material comprises a base body and a carbon nanotube structure distributed in the base body, and the component which is actually heating is a carbon nanotube structure, so The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 should be electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure. The three-dimensional heat source 100 may also include a plurality of electrodes electrically connected to the heating element 104, the number of which is not limited, and the heating element 104 selectively heats the respective regions by controlling different electrodes. Any two of the plurality of electrodes may be electrically coupled to an external circuit, respectively, to operate the heating element 104 electrically coupled between the two electrodes. Preferably, any two adjacent electrodes of the plurality of electrodes are respectively electrically connected to an external power source through external wires (not shown), that is, electrodes alternately spaced apart are connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode at the same time.

所述立體熱源100進一步包括一熱反射層108，熱反射層108用於反射加熱元件104所發出之熱量，使其有效地對中空之三維支撐結構102內部空間加熱。故，熱反射層108位於加熱元件104週邊，當加熱元件104設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之內表面時，熱反射層108設置於中空之三維支撐結構102與加熱元件104之間或設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面；當加熱元件104設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面時，熱反射層108設置於加熱元件之外表面，即加熱元件104設置於中空之三維支撐結構102與熱反射層108之間。本實施例中，由於加熱元件104設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面，所以熱反射層108設置於加熱元件104之外表面。熱反射層108之材料為一白色絕緣材料，如：金屬氧化物、金屬鹽或陶瓷等。熱反射層108通過濺射或塗敷之方法設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之外表面。本實施例中，熱反射層108的材料優選為三氧化二鋁，其厚度為100微米~0.5毫米。可以理解，該熱反射層108為一可選擇結構，當立體熱源100未包括熱反射層時，該立體熱源100也可用於對外加熱。 The three-dimensional heat source 100 further includes a heat reflecting layer 108 for reflecting heat generated by the heating element 104 to effectively heat the internal space of the hollow three-dimensional supporting structure 102. Therefore, the heat reflecting layer 108 is located around the heating element 104. When the heating element 104 is disposed on the inner surface of the hollow three-dimensional supporting structure 102, the heat reflecting layer 108 is disposed between the hollow three-dimensional supporting structure 102 and the heating element 104 or The outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102; when the heating element 104 is disposed on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102, the heat reflective layer 108 is disposed on the outer surface of the heating element, that is, the heating element 104 is disposed on the hollow three-dimensional support structure. 102 is between the heat reflecting layer 108 and the heat reflecting layer 108. In this embodiment, since the heating element 104 is disposed on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102, the heat reflective layer 108 is disposed on the outer surface of the heating element 104. The material of the heat reflecting layer 108 is a white insulating material such as a metal oxide, a metal salt or a ceramic. The heat reflecting layer 108 is disposed on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by sputtering or coating. In this embodiment, the material of the heat reflective layer 108 is preferably aluminum oxide, and has a thickness of 100 micrometers to 0.5 millimeters. It can be understood that the heat reflective layer 108 is an optional structure when the stereo heat source 100 does not include heat. The three-dimensional heat source 100 can also be used for external heating when the layer is reflected.

所述立體熱源100進一步包括一絕緣保護層(圖未示)。所述絕緣保護層用來防止該立體熱源100在使用時與外界形成電接觸，同時還可防止加熱元件104中之奈米碳管結構吸附外界雜質。絕緣保護層設置於加熱元件與可與外界接觸之表面上。可以理解，所述絕緣保護層106為一可選擇結構。當加熱元件104不與外界接觸或者當基體完全覆蓋奈米碳管結構時，可無需絕緣保護層。所述絕緣保護層之材料為一絕緣材料，如：橡膠、樹脂等。所述絕緣保護層厚度不限，可根據實際情況選擇。優選地，該絕緣保護層之厚度為0.5~2毫米。該絕緣保護層可通過塗敷或濺射之方法形成於加熱元件104之表面。本實施例中，由於加熱元件104設置於中空之三維支撐結構102與熱反射層108之間，所以無需絕緣保護層。 The stereo heat source 100 further includes an insulating protective layer (not shown). The insulating protective layer is used to prevent the three-dimensional heat source 100 from making electrical contact with the outside during use, and also prevents the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element 104 from adsorbing foreign impurities. The insulating protective layer is disposed on the surface of the heating element that is in contact with the outside. It can be understood that the insulating protective layer 106 is an optional structure. When the heating element 104 is not in contact with the outside or when the substrate completely covers the carbon nanotube structure, an insulating protective layer may not be required. The material of the insulating protective layer is an insulating material such as rubber, resin or the like. The thickness of the insulating protective layer is not limited and can be selected according to actual conditions. Preferably, the insulating protective layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm. The insulating protective layer may be formed on the surface of the heating element 104 by coating or sputtering. In this embodiment, since the heating element 104 is disposed between the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 and the heat reflective layer 108, an insulating protective layer is not required.

本實施例提供一種使用上述立體熱源100加熱物體之方法，其包括以下步驟：提供一待加熱之物體；將待加熱之物體設置於該立體熱源100之內部空間中；將立體熱源100通過第一電極110與第二電極112連接導線接入1伏~20伏之電源電壓，使立體熱源100加熱功率為1瓦~40瓦，該立體熱源可輻射出波長較長之電磁波。通過溫度測量儀測量發現該立體熱源100之加熱元件104表面之溫度為50℃~500℃，加熱待加熱物體。可見，該奈米碳管複合結構具有較高之電熱轉換效率。由於加熱元件104表面之熱量以熱輻射之形式傳遞給待加熱物體，加熱效果不會因為待加熱物體中各個部分與立體熱源100之距離不同而產生較大之不同，可實現對待加熱物體之均勻加熱。對於具有黑體結構之物體來說，其所對應之溫度為200℃~450℃時就能發出人眼看不見之熱輻射(紅外線)，此時之熱輻射最穩定、效率最高，所產生之熱輻射熱量最大。 The embodiment provides a method for heating an object by using the above-mentioned three-dimensional heat source 100, which comprises the steps of: providing an object to be heated; setting an object to be heated in an internal space of the stereo heat source 100; and passing the stereo heat source 100 through the first The electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are connected to the wire to connect a power supply voltage of 1 volt to 20 volts, so that the heating power of the stereo heat source 100 is 1 watt to 40 watts, and the stereo heat source can radiate electromagnetic waves having a long wavelength. The temperature of the surface of the heating element 104 of the three-dimensional heat source 100 is found to be 50 ° C ~ 500 ° C measured by a temperature measuring instrument to heat the object to be heated. It can be seen that the carbon nanotube composite structure has high electrothermal conversion efficiency. Since the heat of the surface of the heating element 104 is transmitted to the object to be heated in the form of heat radiation, the heating effect is not greatly different due to the difference in the distance between the respective parts of the object to be heated and the three-dimensional heat source 100, and the uniformity of the object to be heated can be achieved. heating. For objects with a black body structure, the corresponding When the temperature is between 200 ° C and 450 ° C, it can emit heat radiation (infrared rays) that is invisible to the human eye. At this time, the heat radiation is the most stable and efficient, and the heat generated by the heat is the largest.

該立體熱源100在使用時，可將其與待加熱之物體表面直接接觸或將其與被加熱之物體間隔設置，利用其熱輻射即可進行加熱。該立體熱源100可廣泛應用於如工廠管道、實驗室加熱爐或廚具電烤箱等。 When used, the stereoscopic heat source 100 can be directly in contact with the surface of the object to be heated or spaced apart from the object to be heated, and can be heated by the heat radiation. The three-dimensional heat source 100 can be widely applied to, for example, a factory pipe, a laboratory heating furnace, or a kitchen electric oven.

請參閱圖15，本發明實施例進一步提供一種上述立體熱源100之製備方法，其包括以下步驟： Referring to FIG. 15 , an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for fabricating the above-described stereo heat source 100, which includes the following steps:

步驟一，提供一奈米碳管結構，該奈米碳管結構包括複數孔隙。 In the first step, a carbon nanotube structure is provided, and the carbon nanotube structure includes a plurality of pores.

由於奈米碳管結構可包括奈米碳管拉膜，奈米碳管碾壓膜，奈米碳管絮化膜或奈米碳管線狀結構中之一種或幾種，故奈米碳管結構之製備方法分別對應上述四種結構分為四種方法。 Since the carbon nanotube structure may include a carbon nanotube film, a carbon nanotube film, a carbon nanotube film or a nano carbon line structure, the carbon nanotube structure The preparation methods are respectively divided into four methods corresponding to the above four structures.

(一)奈米碳管拉膜之製備方法包括以下步驟： (1) The preparation method of the carbon nanotube film comprises the following steps:

首先，提供一奈米碳管陣列形成於一生長基底，該陣列為超順排奈米碳管陣列。 First, an array of carbon nanotubes is provided on a growth substrate, the array being a super-sequential carbon nanotube array.

該奈米碳管陣列之製備方法採用化學氣相沈積法，其具體步驟包括：(a)提供一平整生長基底，該生長基底可選用P型或N型矽生長基底，或選用形成有氧化層之矽生長基底，本發明實施例優選為採用4英寸之矽生長基底；(b)在生長基底表面均勻形成一催化劑層，該催化劑層材料可選用鐵(Fe)、鈷(Co)、鎳(Ni)或其任意組合之合金之一；(c)將上述形成有催化劑層之生長基底在700℃~900℃之空氣中退火約30分鐘~90分鐘；(d)將處理過之生長基底置於反應爐中，在保護氣體環境下加熱到500℃~740℃，然後通入碳源氣體反應約5分鐘~30分鐘，生長得到奈米碳管陣列。該奈米碳管陣列為複數彼此平行且垂直於生長基底生長之奈米碳管形成之純奈米碳管陣列。通過上述控制生長條件，該定向排列之奈米碳管陣列中基本不含有雜質，如無定型碳或殘留之催化劑金屬顆粒等。 The method for preparing the carbon nanotube array adopts a chemical vapor deposition method, and the specific steps thereof comprise: (a) providing a flat growth substrate, the growth substrate may be selected from a P-type or N-type germanium growth substrate, or an oxide layer is formed. After the substrate is grown, the embodiment of the present invention preferably uses a 4 inch germanium growth substrate; (b) uniformly forms a catalyst layer on the surface of the growth substrate, and the catalyst layer material may be iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), or nickel ( Ni) or one of alloys of any combination thereof; (c) annealing the growth substrate on which the catalyst layer is formed in air at 700 ° C to 900 ° C for about 30 minutes to 90 minutes; (d) The treated growth substrate is placed in a reaction furnace, heated to 500 ° C to 740 ° C in a protective gas atmosphere, and then reacted with a carbon source gas for about 5 minutes to 30 minutes to grow to obtain a carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotube array is an array of pure carbon nanotubes formed by a plurality of carbon nanotubes that are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the growth substrate. The aligned carbon nanotube array is substantially free of impurities, such as amorphous carbon or residual catalyst metal particles, by controlling the growth conditions as described above.

本發明實施例提供之奈米碳管陣列為單壁奈米碳管陣列、雙壁奈米碳管陣列及多壁奈米碳管陣列中之一種。所述奈米碳管之直徑為1~50奈米，長度為50奈米~5毫米。本實施例中，奈米碳管之長度優選為100~900微米。 The carbon nanotube array provided by the embodiment of the invention is one of a single-walled carbon nanotube array, a double-walled carbon nanotube array and a multi-walled carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 1 to 50 nm and a length of 50 nm to 5 mm. In this embodiment, the length of the carbon nanotubes is preferably from 100 to 900 μm.

本發明實施例中碳源氣可選用乙炔、乙烯、甲烷等化學性質較活潑之碳氫化合物，本發明實施例優選之碳源氣為乙炔；保護氣體為氮氣或惰性氣體，本發明實施例優選之保護氣體為氬氣。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the carbon source gas may be a chemically active hydrocarbon such as acetylene, ethylene or methane. The preferred carbon source gas in the embodiment of the present invention is acetylene; the shielding gas is nitrogen or an inert gas, and is preferred in the embodiment of the present invention. The shielding gas is argon.

可以理解，本發明實施例提供之奈米碳管陣列不限於上述製備方法，也可為石墨電極恒流電弧放電沈積法、鐳射蒸發沈積法等。 It can be understood that the carbon nanotube array provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above preparation method, and may be a graphite electrode constant current arc discharge deposition method, a laser evaporation deposition method or the like.

其次，採用一拉伸工具從奈米碳管陣列中拉取奈米碳管獲得至少一奈米碳管拉膜，其具體包括以下步驟：(a)從所述超順排奈米碳管陣列中選定一個或具有一定寬度之複數奈米碳管，本實施例優選為採用具有一定寬度之膠帶、鑷子或夾子接觸奈米碳管陣列以選定一個或具有一定寬度之複數奈米碳管；(b)以一定速度拉伸該選定之奈米碳管，從而形成首尾相連之複數奈米碳管片段，進而形成一連續之奈米碳管拉膜。該拉取方向沿基本垂直於奈米碳管陣列之生長方向。 Secondly, a drawing tool is used to pull the carbon nanotubes from the carbon nanotube array to obtain at least one carbon nanotube film, which specifically comprises the following steps: (a) from the super-sequential carbon nanotube array One of the plurality of carbon nanotubes having a certain width or a width is selected. In this embodiment, it is preferred to contact the carbon nanotube array with a tape, a tweezers or a clip having a certain width to select a plurality of carbon nanotubes having a certain width; b) stretching the selected carbon nanotubes at a certain speed to form a plurality of carbon nanotube fragments connected end to end, thereby forming a continuous carbon nanotube film. The pull direction is substantially perpendicular to the growth direction of the nanotube array.

在上述拉伸過程中，該複數奈米碳管片段在拉力作用下沿拉伸方向逐漸脫離生長基底之同時，由於凡德瓦爾力作用，該選定之複數奈米碳管片段分別與其他奈米碳管片段首尾相連地連續地被拉出，從而形成一連續、均勻且具有一定寬度之奈米碳管拉膜。 During the above stretching process, the plurality of carbon nanotube segments are gradually separated from the growth substrate in the stretching direction under the tensile force, and the selected plurality of carbon nanotube segments are respectively combined with other nanoparticles due to the van der Waals force. The carbon tube segments are continuously pulled out end to end to form a continuous, uniform carbon nanotube film having a certain width.

該奈米碳管拉膜之寬度與奈米碳管陣列之尺寸有關，該奈米碳管拉膜之長度不限，可根據實際需求製得。當該奈米碳管陣列之面積為4英寸時，該奈米碳管拉膜之寬度為0.5奈米~10厘米，該奈米碳管拉膜之厚度為0.5奈米~100微米。 The width of the carbon nanotube film is related to the size of the carbon nanotube array. The length of the carbon nanotube film is not limited and can be obtained according to actual needs. When the area of the carbon nanotube array is 4 inches, the width of the carbon nanotube film is 0.5 nm to 10 cm, and the thickness of the carbon nanotube film is 0.5 nm to 100 μm.

(二)奈米碳管絮化膜之製備方法包括以下步驟： (2) The preparation method of the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane comprises the following steps:

首先，提供一奈米碳管原料。 First, a carbon nanotube raw material is provided.

所述奈米碳管原料可為通過化學氣相沈積法、石墨電極恒流電弧放電沈積法或鐳射蒸發沈積法等各種方法製備之奈米碳管。 The carbon nanotube raw material may be a carbon nanotube prepared by various methods such as chemical vapor deposition, graphite electrode constant current arc discharge deposition or laser evaporation deposition.

本實施例中，採用刀片或其他工具將上述定向排列之奈米碳管陣列從基底刮落，獲得一奈米碳管原料。優選地，所述之奈米碳管原料中，奈米碳管之長度大於100微米。 In this embodiment, the aligned carbon nanotube arrays are scraped off the substrate by using a blade or other tool to obtain a carbon nanotube raw material. Preferably, in the carbon nanotube raw material, the length of the carbon nanotube is greater than 100 micrometers.

其次，將上述奈米碳管原料添加到一溶劑中並進行絮化處理獲得一奈米碳管絮狀結構，將上述奈米碳管絮狀結構從溶劑中分離，並對該奈米碳管絮狀結構定型處理以獲得一奈米碳管絮化膜。 Next, the above carbon nanotube raw material is added to a solvent and subjected to flocculation treatment to obtain a nano carbon tube floc structure, and the above carbon nanotube floc structure is separated from the solvent, and the carbon nanotube is separated. The flocculated structure is shaped to obtain a carbon nanotube flocculation film.

本發明實施例中，溶劑可選用水、易揮發之有機溶劑等。絮化處理可通過採用超聲波分散處理或高強度攪拌等方法。優選地，本發明實施例採用超聲波分散10分鐘~30分鐘。由於奈米碳管具有極大之比表面積，相互纏繞之奈米碳管之間具有較大之凡德瓦爾力。上述絮化處理並不會將該奈米碳管原料中之奈米碳管完全分散在溶劑中，奈米碳管之間通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引、纏繞，形成網絡狀結構。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the solvent may be selected from water, a volatile organic solvent or the like. The flocculation treatment can be carried out by a method such as ultrasonic dispersion treatment or high-intensity stirring. Preferably, the embodiment of the invention uses ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes to 30 minutes. Since the carbon nanotubes have a very large specific surface area, there is a large van der Waals force between the intertwined carbon nanotubes. The above flocculation treatment does not completely divide the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube raw material. Dispersed in the solvent, the carbon nanotubes are attracted and entangled by van der Waals forces to form a network structure.

本發明實施例中，所述之分離奈米碳管絮狀結構之方法具體包括以下步驟：將上述含有奈米碳管絮狀結構之溶劑倒入一放有濾紙之漏斗中；靜置乾燥一段時間從而獲得一分離之奈米碳管絮狀結構。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the method for separating the carbon nanotube floc structure comprises the following steps: pouring the solvent containing the carbon nanotube floc structure into a funnel with a filter paper; Time to obtain a separate carbon nanotube floc structure.

本發明實施例中，所述之奈米碳管絮狀結構之定型處理過程具體包括以下步驟：將上述奈米碳管絮狀結構置於一容器中；將該奈米碳管絮狀結構按照預定形狀攤開；施加一定壓力於攤開之奈米碳管絮狀結構；以及，將該奈米碳管絮狀結構中殘留之溶劑烘乾或等溶劑自然揮發後獲得一奈米碳管絮化膜。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the shaping process of the carbon nanotube floc structure comprises the following steps: placing the above-mentioned carbon nanotube floc structure in a container; and the carbon nanotube floc structure according to Spreading a predetermined shape; applying a certain pressure to the spread of the carbon nanotube floc structure; and drying the solvent remaining in the carbon nanotube floc structure or naturally evaporating the solvent to obtain a carbon nanotube floc Film.

可以理解，本發明實施例可通過控制該奈米碳管絮狀結構攤開的面積來控制該奈米碳管絮化膜之厚度和面密度。奈米碳管絮狀結構攤開之面積越大，則該奈米碳管絮化膜之厚度和麵面密度就越小。 It can be understood that the embodiment of the present invention can control the thickness and areal density of the carbon nanotube flocculation film by controlling the area spread by the carbon nanotube floc structure. The larger the area in which the carbon nanotube floc structure is spread, the smaller the thickness and the surface density of the carbon nanotube flocculation film.

另外，上述分離與定型處理奈米碳管絮狀結構之步驟也可直接通過抽濾之方式實現，具體包括以下步驟：提供一孔隙濾膜及一抽氣漏斗；將上述含有奈米碳管絮狀結構之溶劑經過該孔隙濾膜倒入該抽氣漏斗中；抽濾並乾燥後獲得一奈米碳管絮化膜。該孔隙濾膜為一表面光滑、尺寸為0.22微米之濾膜。由於抽濾方式本身將提供一較大之氣壓作用於該奈米碳管絮狀結構，該奈米碳管絮狀結構經過抽濾會直接形成一均勻之奈米碳管絮化膜。且，由於孔隙濾膜表面光滑，該奈米碳管絮化膜容易剝離，得到一自支撐之奈米碳管絮化膜。 In addition, the step of separating and shaping the carbon nanotube floc structure can also be directly carried out by suction filtration, and specifically includes the following steps: providing a pore filter membrane and an air suction funnel; and the above-mentioned carbon nanotube containing The solvent of the structure is poured into the suction funnel through the pore filter membrane; after suction filtration and drying, a carbon nanotube flocculation membrane is obtained. The pore filter membrane is a filter membrane having a smooth surface and a size of 0.22 μm. Since the suction filtration method itself will provide a large gas pressure to the carbon nanotube floc structure, the carbon nanotube floc structure directly forms a uniform carbon nanotube flocculation membrane by suction filtration. Moreover, since the surface of the pore filter membrane is smooth, the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane is easily peeled off, and a self-supporting carbon nanotube flocculation membrane is obtained.

可以理解，該奈米碳管絮化膜具有一定之厚度，且通過控制該奈米碳管絮狀結構攤開之面積以及壓力大小可控制奈米碳管絮化膜之厚度。該奈米碳管絮化膜可作為一奈米碳管結構使用，也可將至少兩層奈米碳管絮化膜層疊設置或並排設置形成一奈米碳管結構。 It can be understood that the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane has a certain thickness, and the thickness of the carbon nanotube flocculation membrane can be controlled by controlling the area of the carbon nanotube flocculation structure and the pressure. The carbon nanotube flocculation membrane can be used as a carbon nanotube structure, or at least two layers of carbon nanotube flocculation membranes can be stacked or arranged side by side to form a carbon nanotube structure.

(三)奈米碳管碾壓膜之製備方法包括以下步驟： (3) The preparation method of the carbon nanotube rolled film comprises the following steps:

首先，提供一奈米碳管陣列形成於一生長基底，該陣列為定向排列之奈米碳管陣列。 First, an array of carbon nanotubes is provided on a growth substrate, the array being an array of aligned carbon nanotubes.

所述奈米碳管陣列優選為一超順排奈米碳管陣列。所述奈米碳管陣列與上述奈米碳管陣列之製備方法相同。 The carbon nanotube array is preferably a super-sequential carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotube array is prepared in the same manner as the above-described carbon nanotube array.

其次，採用一施壓裝置，擠壓上述奈米碳管陣列獲得一奈米碳管碾壓膜，其具體過程為：該施壓裝置施加一定壓力於上述奈米碳管陣列上。在施壓之過程中，奈米碳管陣列在壓力之作用下會與生長基底分離，從而形成由複數奈米碳管組成之具有自支撐結構之奈米碳管碾壓膜，且所述之複數奈米碳管基本上與奈米碳管碾壓膜之表面平行。 Next, a carbon nanotube array is extruded by using a pressing device to obtain a carbon nanotube rolled film, wherein the pressing device applies a certain pressure to the carbon nanotube array. During the pressing process, the carbon nanotube array is separated from the growth substrate by pressure to form a carbon nanotube film having a self-supporting structure composed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the The plurality of carbon nanotubes are substantially parallel to the surface of the carbon nanotube rolled film.

本發明實施例中，施壓裝置為一壓頭，壓頭表面光滑，壓頭之形狀及擠壓方向決定製備之奈米碳管碾壓膜中奈米碳管之排列方式。優選地，當採用平面壓頭沿垂直於上述奈米碳管陣列生長基底之方向擠壓時，可獲得奈米碳管為各向同性排列之奈米碳管碾壓膜；當採用滾軸狀壓頭沿某一固定方向碾壓時，可獲得奈米碳管沿該固定方向取向排列之奈米碳管碾壓膜；當採用滾軸狀壓頭沿不同方向碾壓時，可獲得奈米碳管沿不同方向取向排列之奈米碳管碾壓膜。 In the embodiment of the invention, the pressing device is an indenter, the surface of the indenter is smooth, and the shape and extrusion direction of the indenter determine the arrangement of the carbon nanotubes in the prepared carbon nanotube rolled film. Preferably, when the planar indenter is pressed in a direction perpendicular to the growth substrate of the carbon nanotube array, the carbon nanotube is an isotropically arranged carbon nanotube rolled film; when the roller is used When the indenter is rolled in a certain fixed direction, a carbon nanotube film which is aligned along the fixed direction of the carbon nanotubes can be obtained; when the roller-shaped indenter is rolled in different directions, the nanometer can be obtained. Carbon nanotubes aligned in different directions Tube rolled film.

可以理解，當採用上述不同方式擠壓上述之奈米碳管陣列時，奈米碳管會在壓力之作用下傾倒，並與相鄰之奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力相互吸引、連接形成由複數奈米碳管組成之具有自支撐結構之奈米碳管碾壓膜。 It can be understood that when the above-mentioned carbon nanotube array is extruded by the above different methods, the carbon nanotubes are poured under the action of pressure, and are attracted and connected with the adjacent carbon nanotubes through the van der Waals force. A carbon nanotube rolled film composed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes and having a self-supporting structure.

本技術領域技術人員應明白，上述奈米碳管陣列之傾倒程度(即擠壓後奈米碳管陣列之排列方向與未被擠壓時奈米碳管陣列之排列方向所成之角度)與壓力之大小有關，壓力越大，傾角越大。製備之奈米碳管碾壓膜之厚度取決於奈米碳管陣列之高度以及壓力大小。奈米碳管陣列之高度越大而施加之壓力越小，則製備之奈米碳管碾壓膜之厚度越大；反之，奈米碳管陣列之高度越小而施加之壓力越大，則製備之奈米碳管碾壓膜之厚度越小。該奈米碳管碾壓膜之寬度與奈米碳管陣列所生長之基底之尺寸有關，該奈米碳管碾壓膜之長度不限，可根據實際需求製得。 Those skilled in the art should understand that the degree of tilting of the above-mentioned carbon nanotube array (that is, the orientation of the arrangement of the carbon nanotube array after extrusion and the direction of arrangement of the array of carbon nanotubes when not extruded) The magnitude of the pressure is greater. The greater the pressure, the greater the angle of inclination. The thickness of the prepared carbon nanotube rolled film depends on the height of the carbon nanotube array and the pressure. The higher the height of the carbon nanotube array and the lower the pressure applied, the greater the thickness of the prepared carbon nanotube rolled film; conversely, the smaller the height of the carbon nanotube array and the higher the pressure applied, The smaller the thickness of the prepared carbon nanotube rolled film. The width of the carbon nanotube rolled film is related to the size of the substrate on which the carbon nanotube array is grown. The length of the carbon nanotube rolled film is not limited and can be obtained according to actual needs.

可以理解，該奈米碳管碾壓膜具有一定之厚度，且通過奈米碳管陣列之高度以及壓力大小可控制其厚度。所以該奈米碳管碾壓膜可直接作為一奈米碳管結構使用。另外，可將至少兩層奈米碳管碾壓膜層疊設置或並排設置形成一奈米碳管結構。 It can be understood that the carbon nanotube rolled film has a certain thickness, and the thickness can be controlled by the height of the carbon nanotube array and the pressure. Therefore, the carbon nanotube rolled film can be directly used as a carbon nanotube structure. In addition, at least two layers of carbon nanotube rolled films may be stacked or arranged side by side to form a carbon nanotube structure.

(四)奈米碳管線狀結構之製備方法包括以下步驟： (4) The preparation method of the nano carbon line structure includes the following steps:

首先，提供至少一奈米碳管拉膜。 First, at least one carbon nanotube film is provided.

該奈米碳管拉膜之形成方法與(一)中奈米碳管拉膜之形成方法相同。 The method for forming the nano carbon tube film is the same as the method for forming the medium carbon nanotube film.

其次，處理該奈米碳管拉膜，形成至少一奈米碳管線。 Next, the carbon nanotube film is processed to form at least one nano carbon line.

該處理奈米碳管拉膜之步驟可為採用有機溶劑處理該奈米碳管拉膜，從而得到一非扭轉奈米碳管線，或為採用機械外力扭轉該奈米碳管拉膜，從而得到一扭轉奈米碳管線。 The step of processing the carbon nanotube film may be to treat the carbon nanotube film by using an organic solvent to obtain a non-twisted nano carbon line, or to twist the carbon nanotube film by mechanical external force, thereby obtaining A twisted nano carbon line.

該採用有機溶劑處理奈米碳管拉膜形成非扭轉奈米碳管線之方法與(一)中採用有機溶劑降低奈米碳管拉膜黏性之方法相似，其區別在於，當需要形成非扭轉奈米碳管線時，奈米碳管拉膜之兩端不固定，即不將奈米碳管拉膜設置在基底表面或框架結構上。 The method for forming a non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline by using an organic solvent to treat a carbon nanotube film is similar to the method for reducing the viscosity of a carbon nanotube film by using an organic solvent in (1), the difference being that when a non-twist is required In the case of a nano carbon line, the ends of the carbon nanotube film are not fixed, that is, the carbon nanotube film is not disposed on the surface of the substrate or the frame structure.

採用機械外力扭轉該奈米碳管拉膜之步驟為採用一機械力將所述奈米碳管膜兩端沿相反方向扭轉形成扭轉之奈米碳管線。進一步地，可採用一揮發性有機溶劑處理該扭轉之奈米碳管線。在揮發性有機溶劑揮發時產生之表面張力之作用下，處理後之扭轉奈米碳管線中相鄰之奈米碳管通過凡德瓦爾力緊密結合，使扭轉之奈米碳管線之比表面積減小，黏性降低，與未經有機溶劑處理之扭轉奈米碳管線相比密度及強度均增大。 The step of twisting the carbon nanotube film by mechanical external force is to twist the both ends of the carbon nanotube film in opposite directions by a mechanical force to form a twisted nanocarbon line. Further, the twisted nanocarbon line can be treated with a volatile organic solvent. Under the action of the surface tension generated by the volatilization of volatile organic solvents, the adjacent carbon nanotubes in the treated torsion nanocarbon pipeline are tightly bonded by van der Waals force, so that the specific surface area of the twisted nanocarbon pipeline is reduced. Small, low viscosity, increased density and strength compared to twisted nanocarbon pipelines that have not been treated with organic solvents.

再次，利用上述奈米碳管線製備至少一奈米碳管線狀結構，並得到一奈米碳管結構。 Again, at least one nanocarbon line-like structure is prepared using the above-described nanocarbon line, and a carbon nanotube structure is obtained.

上述扭轉奈米碳管線或非扭轉奈米碳管線為一自支撐結構，可直接作為一奈米碳管結構使用。另外，可將複數奈米碳管線平行排列成一束狀奈米碳管線狀結構，或者將該平行排列之複數奈米碳管線經一扭轉步驟得到一絞線狀奈米碳管線狀結構。進一步地，可將該複數奈米碳管線或奈米碳管線狀結構相互平行、交叉或編織，得到一面狀奈米碳管結構。 The above-mentioned twisted nano carbon pipeline or non-twisted nanocarbon pipeline is a self-supporting structure and can be directly used as a carbon nanotube structure. In addition, the plurality of nano carbon pipelines may be arranged in parallel to form a bundle of nanocarbon line-like structures, or the parallel array of plurality of carbon carbon pipelines may be subjected to a twisting step to obtain a stranded nanocarbon line structure. Further, the plurality of nano carbon pipelines or nanocarbon pipeline-like structures may be parallel, crossed or woven to each other to obtain a one-sided carbon nanotube structure.

採用上述奈米碳管拉膜、奈米碳管絮化膜、奈米碳管碾壓膜和奈米碳管線狀結構中之一種或幾種製備奈米碳管結構。 The above carbon nanotube film, nano carbon tube flocculation film, carbon nanotube film and nai One or several of the carbon-carbon line-like structures are used to prepare a carbon nanotube structure.

步驟二，提供一中空的三維支撐結構102，將該奈米碳管結構設置於該中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。 In step two, a hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is provided, and the carbon nanotube structure is disposed on the surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102.

所述中空之三維支撐結構102用於支撐奈米碳管結構，其材料可為硬性材料，如：陶瓷、玻璃、樹脂、石英等，亦可選擇柔性材料，如：塑膠或柔性纖維等。本實施例優選地，中空之三維支撐結構102為一陶瓷管。 The hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is used for supporting a carbon nanotube structure, and the material thereof may be a hard material such as ceramics, glass, resin, quartz, etc., and a flexible material such as plastic or flexible fiber may also be selected. In this embodiment, preferably, the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is a ceramic tube.

將上述奈米碳管結構設置於所述中空之三維支撐結構102表面之方法為：可將一奈米碳管結構直接纏繞或包裹於所述中空之三維支撐結構102外表面。或者，也可通過黏結劑或機械固定方式將一奈米碳管結構固定於所述中空之三維支撐結構102內表面或外表面。 The carbon nanotube structure is disposed on the surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by directly wrapping or wrapping a carbon nanotube structure on the outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102. Alternatively, a carbon nanotube structure may be fixed to the inner or outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by a cement or mechanical fixation.

本實施例中，奈米碳管結構採用重疊且交叉設置之100層奈米碳管拉膜，相鄰兩層奈米碳管拉膜之間交叉之角度為90度。該100層奈米碳管拉膜之厚度為300微米。利用奈米碳管結構本身之黏性，將該奈米碳管結構包裹於所述中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。 In this embodiment, the carbon nanotube structure adopts a 100-layer carbon nanotube film which is overlapped and cross-connected, and the angle between the adjacent two layers of carbon nanotube film is 90 degrees. The 100-layer carbon nanotube film has a thickness of 300 μm. The carbon nanotube structure is wrapped around the surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 by the viscosity of the carbon nanotube structure itself.

步驟三，間隔形成一第一電極110及一第二電極112，並將第一電極110及一第二電極112分別與該奈米碳管結構形成電連接。 In step 3, a first electrode 110 and a second electrode 112 are formed at intervals, and the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are respectively electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure.

所述之兩第一電極110和第二電極112之設置方式與奈米碳管結構有關，需保證奈米碳管結構中之部分奈米碳管沿著第一電極110向第二電極112之方向延伸。 The arrangement of the two first electrodes 110 and the second electrodes 112 is related to the structure of the carbon nanotubes, and it is necessary to ensure that a part of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube structure are along the first electrode 110 to the second electrode 112. The direction extends.

所述之第一電極110和第二電極112可設置在奈米碳管結構之同一表面上或不同表面上，且第一電極110和第二電極112環繞設置於奈米碳管結構之表面。其中，第一電極110和第二電極112之間相隔設置，以使奈米碳管結構應用於立體熱源100時接入一定阻值從而避免短路現象產生。奈米碳管結構本身有很好之黏附性與導電性，故第一電極110和第二電極112可與奈米碳管結構之間形成很好的電接觸。 The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 may be disposed on the same carbon nanotube structure On the surface or on different surfaces, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are circumferentially disposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure. Wherein, the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are disposed apart from each other so that the carbon nanotube structure is applied to the stereo heat source 100 to access a certain resistance value to avoid the occurrence of a short circuit phenomenon. The carbon nanotube structure itself has good adhesion and electrical conductivity, so that the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 can form good electrical contact with the carbon nanotube structure.

所述第一電極110和第二電極112為導電薄膜、金屬片或者金屬引線。該導電薄膜之材料可為金屬、合金、銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銻錫氧化物(ATO)、導電銀膠、導電聚合物等。該導電薄膜可通過物理氣相沈積法，化學氣相沈積法或其他方法形成於奈米碳管結構表面。該金屬片可為銅片或鋁片等。該金屬片或者金屬引線可通過導電黏結劑固定於奈米碳管結構表面。本實施例中，通過濺射法分別於該奈米碳管結構表面沈積兩個鈀膜作為第一電極110和第二電極112，然後將該兩個鈀膜分別與一導電引線電連接。 The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are conductive films, metal sheets or metal leads. The material of the conductive film may be metal, alloy, indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), conductive silver paste, conductive polymer, or the like. The conductive film can be formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition or other methods. The metal piece may be a copper piece or an aluminum piece or the like. The metal sheet or metal lead can be fixed to the surface of the carbon nanotube structure by a conductive adhesive. In this embodiment, two palladium films are deposited as the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure by sputtering, and then the two palladium films are electrically connected to a conductive lead.

所述第一電極110和第二電極112還可為一金屬性奈米碳管結構。該奈米碳管結構包括定向排列且均勻分佈之金屬性奈米碳管。具體地，該奈米碳管結構包括至少一奈米碳管拉膜或至少一奈米碳管線。優選地，將兩個奈米碳管拉膜分別設置於沿中空之三維支撐結構102長度方向之兩端作為第一電極110和第二電極112。 The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 may also be a metallic carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure comprises aligned and uniformly distributed metallic carbon nanotubes. Specifically, the carbon nanotube structure comprises at least one carbon nanotube film or at least one nano carbon line. Preferably, two carbon nanotube film are respectively disposed at both ends along the longitudinal direction of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 as the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112.

可以理解，本實施例中，還可先在奈米碳管結構之表面形成兩個平行且間隔設置之第一電極110和第二電極112，且該第一電極110和第二電極112與奈米碳管結構電連接。然後，將該形成有第一電極110和第二電極112之奈米碳管結構設置於上述中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。在形成第一電極110和第二電極112之後，可進一步形成兩條導電引線，分別從第一電極110和第二電極112引出至外部電路。 It can be understood that, in this embodiment, two parallel and spaced first electrodes 110 and second electrodes 112 may be formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube structure, and the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 and the second electrode 112 The carbon tube structure is electrically connected. Then, the carbon nanotube structure formed with the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 is disposed in the hollow three-dimensional shape The surface of the support structure 102. After the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are formed, two conductive leads may be further formed, which are respectively led out from the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 to an external circuit.

步驟四，提供一基體材料預製體，並將基體材料預製體與奈米碳管結構複合，形成一奈米碳管複合結構。 In the fourth step, a matrix material preform is provided, and the matrix material preform is combined with the carbon nanotube structure to form a carbon nanotube composite structure.

所述基體材料預製體可為基體材料所形成之溶液或製備該基體材料之前驅反應物。該基體材料預製體在一定溫度下應為液態或氣態。 The matrix material preform may be a solution formed of a matrix material or a precursor reactant prior to preparation of the matrix material. The matrix material preform should be in a liquid or gaseous state at a certain temperature.

所述基體材料包括高分子材料或非金屬材料等。具體地，該高分子材料可包括熱塑性聚合物或熱固性聚合物中之一種或複數種，故該基體材料預製體可為生成該熱塑性聚合物或熱固性聚合物之聚合物單體溶液，或該熱塑性聚合物或熱固性聚合物在揮發性有機溶劑中溶解後形成之混合液。該非金屬材料可包括玻璃、陶瓷及半導體材料中之一種或複數種，故該基體材料預製體可為非金屬材料顆粒製成之漿料、製備該非金屬材料之反應氣體或呈氣態之該非金屬材料。具體地，可採用真空蒸鍍、濺鍍、化學氣相沈積(CVD)以及物理氣相沈積(PVD)之方法形成氣態之基體材料預製體，並使該基體材料預製體沈積在奈米碳管結構之奈米碳管表面。另外，可將大量非金屬材料顆粒在溶劑中分散，形成一漿料作為該基體材料預製體。 The base material includes a polymer material or a non-metal material or the like. Specifically, the polymer material may include one or more of a thermoplastic polymer or a thermosetting polymer, so the matrix material preform may be a polymer monomer solution for forming the thermoplastic polymer or the thermosetting polymer, or the thermoplastic A mixture of a polymer or thermosetting polymer dissolved in a volatile organic solvent. The non-metal material may include one or more of a glass, a ceramic, and a semiconductor material, so the matrix material preform may be a slurry made of non-metallic material particles, a reaction gas for preparing the non-metal material, or the non-metal material in a gaseous state. . Specifically, a gaseous base material preform can be formed by vacuum evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD), and the matrix material preform is deposited on the carbon nanotubes. Structure of the carbon nanotube surface. Alternatively, a plurality of non-metallic material particles may be dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry as the matrix material preform.

當該基體材料預製體為液態時，可通過將該液態基體材料預製體浸潤該奈米碳管結構以及固化該基體材料預製體，從而使該基體材料滲透至該奈米碳管結構的孔隙中，形成一奈米碳管複合結構；當該基體材料預製體為氣態時，可將該基體材料預製體沈積於奈米碳管結構中之奈米碳管表面，從而使該基體材料充滿該奈米碳管結構之孔隙中，形成一奈米碳管複合結構。當該基體材料預製體為漿料時，可通過塗覆、噴塗等方法與該奈米碳管結構形成複合結構。 When the matrix material preform is in a liquid state, the matrix material can be infiltrated into the pores of the carbon nanotube structure by impregnating the carbon nanotube structure with the liquid matrix material preform and curing the matrix material preform. Forming a carbon nanotube composite structure; when the matrix material preform is in a gaseous state, the matrix material preform may be deposited on The surface of the carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube structure, so that the matrix material fills the pores of the carbon nanotube structure to form a carbon nanotube composite structure. When the matrix material preform is a slurry, a composite structure can be formed with the carbon nanotube structure by coating, spraying, or the like.

本實施例採用注膠法將高分子材料與奈米碳管結構複合，形成一奈米碳管複合結構，該方法具體包括以下步驟： In this embodiment, the polymer material is combined with the carbon nanotube structure by a glue injection method to form a carbon nanotube composite structure, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(一)提供一液態熱固性高分子材料。 (1) Providing a liquid thermosetting polymer material.

所述液態熱固性高分子材料之黏度低於5帕．秒，並能在室溫下保持該黏度在30分鐘以上。本發明實施例優選以環氧樹脂製備液態熱固性高分子材料，其具體包括以下步驟： The liquid thermosetting polymer material has a viscosity of less than 5 Pa. Seconds, and can maintain the viscosity for more than 30 minutes at room temperature. The embodiment of the invention preferably prepares a liquid thermosetting polymer material by using an epoxy resin, which specifically comprises the following steps:

首先，將縮水甘油醚型環氧和縮水甘油酯型環氧之混合物置於一容器中，加熱至30℃~60℃，並對容器中所述縮水甘油醚型環氧和縮水甘油酯型環氧之混合物攪拌10分鐘，直至所述縮水甘油醚型環氧和縮水甘油酯型環氧之混合物混合均勻為止。 First, a mixture of glycidyl ether type epoxy and glycidyl ester type epoxy is placed in a container, heated to 30 ° C ~ 60 ° C, and the glycidyl ether type epoxy and glycidyl ester type ring in the container The mixture of oxygen was stirred for 10 minutes until the mixture of the glycidyl ether type epoxy and the glycidyl ester type epoxy was uniformly mixed.

其次，將脂肪胺和二縮水甘油醚加入到所述攪拌均勻之縮水甘油醚型環氧和縮水甘油酯型環氧的混合物中進行化學反應。 Next, a fatty amine and diglycidyl ether are added to the mixture of the uniformly stirred glycidyl ether type epoxy and glycidyl type epoxy to carry out a chemical reaction.

最後，將所述縮水甘油醚型環氧和縮水甘油酯型環氧之混合物加熱至30℃~60℃，從而得到一含環氧樹脂之液態熱固性高分子材料。 Finally, the mixture of the glycidyl ether type epoxy resin and the glycidyl ester type epoxy resin is heated to 30 ° C to 60 ° C to obtain a liquid thermosetting polymer material containing an epoxy resin.

(二)採用所述液態熱固性高分子材料浸潤所述奈米碳管結構。 (2) impregnating the carbon nanotube structure with the liquid thermosetting polymer material.

採用所述液態熱固性高分子材料浸潤所述奈米碳管結構之方法包括以下步驟： The method for infiltrating the carbon nanotube structure by using the liquid thermosetting polymer material comprises the following steps:

首先，將設置有奈米碳管結構之中空之三維支撐結構102置於一模具中；其次，將所述液態熱固性高分子材料注射進所述模具中，浸潤所述奈米碳管結構。為了讓液態熱固性高分子材料充分浸潤所述奈米碳管結構，浸潤所述奈米碳管結構之時間不能少於10分鐘。 First, a hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 provided with a carbon nanotube structure is placed in a mold; secondly, the liquid thermosetting polymer material is injected into the mold to infiltrate the carbon nanotube structure. In order to allow the liquid thermosetting polymer material to sufficiently wet the carbon nanotube structure, the time of infiltrating the carbon nanotube structure may not be less than 10 minutes.

本實施例中將100層奈米碳管拉膜層疊包裹於陶瓷杆之表面後置於模具中。然後將環氧樹脂的液態熱固性高分子材料注射進所述模具中，浸潤所述奈米碳管結構20分鐘。 In this embodiment, a 100-layer carbon nanotube film is laminated on the surface of the ceramic rod and placed in a mold. The liquid thermosetting polymer material of the epoxy resin was then injected into the mold to wet the carbon nanotube structure for 20 minutes.

可以理解，將所述液態熱固性高分子材料浸潤所述奈米碳管結構之方法不限注射之方法，所述液態熱固性高分子材料還可通過毛細作用被吸入到所述奈米碳管結構中，浸潤所述奈米碳管結構，或者將所述奈米碳管結構浸泡在所述液態熱固性高分子材料中。 It can be understood that the method of infiltrating the liquid thermosetting polymer material into the carbon nanotube structure is not limited to an injection method, and the liquid thermosetting polymer material can also be sucked into the carbon nanotube structure by capillary action. And immersing the carbon nanotube structure or immersing the carbon nanotube structure in the liquid thermosetting polymer material.

(三)固化液態熱固性高分子材料，得到一奈米碳管高分子材料複合結構。 (3) curing the liquid thermosetting polymer material to obtain a nanometer carbon tube polymer material composite structure.

本實施例中，含環氧樹脂之熱固性高分子材料之固化方法具體包括以下步驟： In this embodiment, the curing method of the epoxy resin-containing thermosetting polymer material specifically includes the following steps:

首先，通過一加熱裝置將該模具加熱至50℃~70℃，在該溫度下含環氧樹脂之熱固性高分子材料為液態，維持該溫度1小時~3小時，使得該熱固性高分子材料繼續吸熱以增加其固化度。 First, the mold is heated to 50 ° C to 70 ° C by a heating device, at which temperature the thermosetting polymer material containing epoxy resin is in a liquid state, and the temperature is maintained for 1 hour to 3 hours, so that the thermosetting polymer material continues to absorb heat. To increase its degree of cure.

其次，繼續加熱該模具至80℃~100℃，在該溫度下維持1小時~3小時，使得所述熱固性高分子材料繼續吸熱以增加其固化度。 Next, the mold is further heated to 80 ° C to 100 ° C, and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour to 3 hours, so that the thermosetting polymer material continues to absorb heat to increase its degree of solidification.

再次，繼續加熱該模具至110℃~150℃，在該溫度下維持2小時 ~20小時，使得所述熱固性高分子材料繼續吸熱以增加其固化度。 Again, continue heating the mold to 110 ° C ~ 150 ° C, at this temperature for 2 hours ~20 hours, the thermosetting polymer material continues to absorb heat to increase its degree of curing.

最後，停止加熱，待該模具降溫至室溫後，脫模可得一奈米碳管高分子材料複合結構。 Finally, the heating is stopped, and after the mold is cooled to room temperature, the nano-carbon tube polymer material composite structure can be obtained by demolding.

上述製備奈米碳管複合結構之具體步驟可參見范守善等人於民國96年12月26日申請之申請號為96150104之台灣專利申請“奈米碳管複合材料之製備方法”。為節省篇幅，僅引用於此，但上述申請所有技術揭露也應視為本發明申請技術揭露之一部分。 The specific steps of the above-mentioned preparation of the carbon nanotube composite structure can be found in the Taiwan Patent Application "Preparation Method of Nano Carbon Tube Composite Material", which is filed on December 26, 1996, to the patent application No. 96150104. In order to save space, only the above is cited, but all the technical disclosures of the above application are also considered as part of the technical disclosure of the present application.

可以理解，上述含環氧樹脂之熱固性高分子材料之固化方法也可採用一次升溫之方法，直接將溫度升至150℃，使熱固性高分子材料吸熱固化。 It can be understood that the curing method of the epoxy resin-containing thermosetting polymer material can also be carried out by a single temperature rising method, and the temperature is raised to 150 ° C to heat-curing the thermosetting polymer material.

可以理解，上述步驟三中形成第一電極110和第二電極112的步驟可在步驟四形成該奈米碳管複合結構之後進行。當該基體材料僅填充於該奈米碳管結構之孔隙中，從而使奈米碳管部分暴露於奈米碳管複合結構表面時，可採用與步驟三相同之方法將第一電極110和第二電極112直接形成於該奈米碳管複合結構表面與奈米碳管結構形成電連接。當該基體材料全部包覆該奈米碳管結構時，可採用一切割之步驟切割該奈米碳管複合結構，從而使該奈米碳管結構暴露於奈米碳管複合結構表面，進而採用與步驟三相同之方法將該第一電極110和第二電極112與暴露出來之奈米碳管結構電連接。 It can be understood that the step of forming the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 in the above step three can be performed after the step of forming the carbon nanotube composite structure in the fourth step. When the base material is only filled in the pores of the carbon nanotube structure, thereby partially exposing the carbon nanotube portion to the surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure, the first electrode 110 and the first method may be used in the same manner as in the third step. The two electrodes 112 are directly formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure to form an electrical connection with the carbon nanotube structure. When the base material completely covers the carbon nanotube structure, the carbon nanotube composite structure may be cut by a cutting step, thereby exposing the carbon nanotube structure to the surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure, thereby adopting The first electrode 110 and the second electrode 112 are electrically connected to the exposed carbon nanotube structure in the same manner as in the third step.

進一步，當立體熱源100包括一熱反射層108設置於加熱層104之週邊時，在形成奈米碳管複合結構之後，還可進一步包括一形成一熱反射層108於奈米碳管複合結構之外表面之步驟。形成熱反射層108可通過塗覆或鍍膜之方法實現。當該熱反射層108之材料為金屬鹽或金屬氧化物時，可將該金屬鹽或金屬氧化物之顆粒分散於溶劑中，形成一漿料，並將該漿料塗敷或絲網印刷於中空之三維支撐結構表面，形成該熱反射層。該溶劑不應與金屬鹽或金屬氧化物發生化學反應。另外，該熱反射層108也可通過電鍍、化學鍍、濺鍍、真空蒸鍍、化學氣相沈積或物理氣相沈積等方法形成。本發明實施例採用物理氣相沈積法在陶瓷基板表面沈積一層三氧化二鋁層，作為熱反射層。 Further, when the three-dimensional heat source 100 includes a heat reflecting layer 108 disposed on the periphery of the heating layer 104, after forming the carbon nanotube composite structure, the forming may further include forming A step of thermally reflecting the layer 108 on the outer surface of the carbon nanotube composite structure. Forming the heat reflective layer 108 can be achieved by a method of coating or plating. When the material of the heat reflecting layer 108 is a metal salt or a metal oxide, the metal salt or the metal oxide particles may be dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, and the slurry is coated or screen printed on the slurry. The hollow three-dimensional support structure surface forms the heat reflective layer. The solvent should not chemically react with metal salts or metal oxides. Alternatively, the heat reflective layer 108 may be formed by electroplating, electroless plating, sputtering, vacuum evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, or physical vapor deposition. In the embodiment of the invention, a layer of aluminum oxide is deposited on the surface of the ceramic substrate by physical vapor deposition as a heat reflective layer.

所述熱反射層108之材料為一白色絕緣材料，如：金屬氧化物、金屬鹽或陶瓷等。本實施例中，熱反射層210材料優選為三氧化二鋁，其厚度為100微米。可以理解，熱反射層108之位置不限，可根據立體熱源之實際加熱方向而定。 The material of the heat reflecting layer 108 is a white insulating material such as a metal oxide, a metal salt or a ceramic. In this embodiment, the material of the heat reflective layer 210 is preferably aluminum oxide, and the thickness thereof is 100 micrometers. It can be understood that the position of the heat reflecting layer 108 is not limited and can be determined according to the actual heating direction of the three-dimensional heat source.

可選擇地，當本發明第一實施例中之加熱元件104為一柔性奈米碳管複合結構時，該線熱源100可通過以下方法製備，具體包括以下步驟： Alternatively, when the heating element 104 in the first embodiment of the present invention is a flexible carbon nanotube composite structure, the line heat source 100 can be prepared by the following method, including the following steps:

首先，提供一奈米碳管結構。 First, a carbon nanotube structure is provided.

其次，提供一柔性基體材料預製體，並將柔性基體材料預製體與奈米碳管結構複合，形成一柔性奈米碳管複合結構。 Secondly, a flexible matrix material preform is provided, and the flexible matrix material preform is combined with the carbon nanotube structure to form a flexible carbon nanotube composite structure.

再次，提供一中空之三維支撐結構102，並將該柔性奈米碳管複合結構設置於中空之三維支撐結構102之表面。 Again, a hollow three-dimensional support structure 102 is provided and the flexible carbon nanotube composite structure is disposed on the surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 102.

最後，間隔形成第一電極111和第二電極112，並將該第一電極111和第二電極112分別與該柔性奈米碳管複合結構中之奈米碳管結構形成電連接。當奈米碳管結構完全被基體材料包覆時，可進一步通過切割等方式使該奈米碳管結構部分暴露於柔性奈米碳管複合結構表面，從而確保第一電極111和第二電極112與奈米碳管結構電連接。 Finally, the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 are formed at intervals, and the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 are respectively combined with the carbon nanotubes in the flexible carbon nanotube composite structure. The structure forms an electrical connection. When the carbon nanotube structure is completely covered by the base material, the carbon nanotube structure portion may be further exposed to the surface of the flexible carbon nanotube composite structure by cutting or the like, thereby ensuring the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112. Electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure.

可以理解，也可預先形成第一電極111和第二電極112與奈米碳管結構電連接，再將奈米碳管結構與柔性基體材料預製體複合形成奈米碳管複合結構。 It can be understood that the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 can be pre-formed to be electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure, and then the carbon nanotube structure and the flexible matrix material preform are combined to form a carbon nanotube composite structure.

請參見圖16、17和18，本發明第二實施例提供一種立體熱源200。該立體熱源200包括一加熱元件204、一熱反射層208、第一電極210及第二電極212。該加熱元件204構成一中空之三維結構。該第一電極210及第二電極212分別與加熱元件204電連接，用於使所述加熱元件204接通電源從而流過電流。所述加熱元件204折疊形成一立方體形狀之中空三維結構。所述第一電極210及第二電極212間隔設置，分別設置於加熱元件204所形成之立方體形狀之中空三維結構之相對之側邊上，並可起到支撐加熱元件204之作用。所述第一電極210及第二電極212為線狀，且大致相互平行。所述之熱反射層208設置於加熱元件204之外表面。該立體熱源200可進一步包括複數電極，該複數電極間隔平行設置，加熱元件204設置於該複數電極之週邊，以該複數電極為支撐體，形成一中空之立體結構。可以理解，該複數電極可看作一中空之三維支撐結構。本實施例中之立體熱源200與第一實施例基本相同，其不同之處在於本實施立中之立體熱源200採用電極作為中空之三維支撐結構用於支撐加熱元件204。 Referring to Figures 16, 17, and 18, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a stereo heat source 200. The three-dimensional heat source 200 includes a heating element 204, a heat reflecting layer 208, a first electrode 210, and a second electrode 212. The heating element 204 constitutes a hollow three-dimensional structure. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 are respectively electrically connected to the heating element 204 for turning on the power of the heating element 204 to flow a current. The heating element 204 is folded to form a hollow three-dimensional structure in the shape of a cube. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 are spaced apart from each other, and are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the cubic three-dimensional structure formed by the heating element 204, and can function to support the heating element 204. The first electrode 210 and the second electrode 212 are linear and substantially parallel to each other. The heat reflecting layer 208 is disposed on an outer surface of the heating element 204. The three-dimensional heat source 200 may further include a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the heating element 204 is disposed at a periphery of the plurality of electrodes, and the plurality of electrodes are used as a support to form a hollow three-dimensional structure. It can be understood that the plurality of electrodes can be regarded as a hollow three-dimensional support structure. The three-dimensional heat source 200 in this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that the stereo heat source 200 of the present embodiment employs an electrode as a hollow three-dimensional support structure for supporting the heating element 204.

請參見圖19和20，本發明第三實施例提供一種立體熱源300。該立體熱源300包括一中空之三維支撐結構302，一加熱元件304，一第一電極310及一第二電極312。該加熱元件304設置於該中空之三維支撐結構302之外表面。該第一電極310和第二電極312並分別與加熱元件304電連接，設間隔置於加熱元件304之外表面上，用於使所述加熱元件304接通電源從而流過電流。該三維支撐結構302為一半球狀中空三維結構，加熱元件304包覆於該三維支撐結構302之外表面，形成一半球狀，或半橢球狀結構。第一電極310為點狀，位於加熱元件302之底部，第二電極312為環狀，環繞於半球狀結構之加熱元件302之頂部。該立體熱源300進一步包括一熱反射層308，該熱反射層設置於加熱元件304之週邊。本實施例中，該熱反射層308覆蓋第一電極310與第二電極312設置於加熱元件304之外表面。本實施例中之立體熱源300與第一實施例基本相同，其不同點在於本實施立中之立體熱源300為一半球狀或半橢球狀之中空三維結構。當然立體熱源300為也可為其他類似的近一端開口之形狀。 Referring to Figures 19 and 20, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a stereo heat source 300. The The three-dimensional heat source 300 includes a hollow three-dimensional support structure 302, a heating element 304, a first electrode 310 and a second electrode 312. The heating element 304 is disposed on an outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure 302. The first electrode 310 and the second electrode 312 are electrically connected to the heating element 304, respectively, and are disposed on the outer surface of the heating element 304 for turning on the power of the heating element 304 to flow a current. The three-dimensional support structure 302 is a semi-spherical hollow three-dimensional structure, and the heating element 304 is coated on the outer surface of the three-dimensional support structure 302 to form a semi-spherical or semi-ellipsoidal structure. The first electrode 310 is punctiform and located at the bottom of the heating element 302. The second electrode 312 is annular and surrounds the top of the heating element 302 of the hemispherical structure. The three-dimensional heat source 300 further includes a heat reflective layer 308 disposed at a periphery of the heating element 304. In this embodiment, the heat reflecting layer 308 covers the first electrode 310 and the second electrode 312 disposed on the outer surface of the heating element 304. The three-dimensional heat source 300 in this embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the difference is that the stereo heat source 300 in the present embodiment is a hollow three-dimensional structure of a semi-spherical or semi-ellipsoidal shape. Of course, the stereo heat source 300 is also in the shape of other similar proximal end openings.

所述之立體熱源具有以下優點：第一，由於該奈米碳管結構為一自支撐結構，且奈米碳管在奈米碳管結構中均勻分佈，將該自支撐之奈米碳管結構與基體直接複合，可使複合後形成之加熱元件中奈米碳管仍相互結合保持一奈米碳管結構之形態，從而使加熱元件中奈米碳管既能均勻分佈形成導電網絡，又不受奈米碳管在溶液中分散濃度之限制，使奈米碳管在加熱元件中之質量百分含量可達到99%，使該立體熱源具有較高之電熱轉換效率。第二，由於奈米碳管具有較好之強度及韌性，奈米碳管結構之強度較大，柔性較好，不易破裂，使立體熱源具有較長之使用壽命。第三，該基體材料之種類不限於聚合物，溫度範圍寬，使該熱源之應用範圍更加廣泛。第四，該奈米碳管結構之單位面積熱容較小，小於2×10^-4焦耳每平方厘米開爾文，奈米碳管結構可較快之升溫並將熱量傳遞出去，故，該立體熱源具有升溫迅速、熱滯後小、熱交換速度快、輻射效率高之特點。 The three-dimensional heat source has the following advantages: First, since the carbon nanotube structure is a self-supporting structure, and the carbon nanotubes are evenly distributed in the carbon nanotube structure, the self-supporting carbon nanotube structure Directly compounding with the matrix, the carbon nanotubes in the heating element formed after the composite can still be combined with each other to maintain the shape of a carbon nanotube structure, so that the carbon nanotubes in the heating element can be uniformly distributed to form a conductive network without Limited by the concentration of the carbon nanotubes in the solution, the mass percentage of the carbon nanotubes in the heating element can reach 99%, so that the three-dimensional heat source has a higher electrothermal conversion efficiency. Second, because the carbon nanotubes have better strength and toughness, the carbon nanotube structure has greater strength, better flexibility, and is less prone to cracking, so that the three-dimensional heat source has a longer service life. Third, the type of the base material is not limited to a polymer, and the temperature range is wide, so that the application range of the heat source is wider. Fourth, the carbon nanotube structure has a small heat capacity per unit area, less than 2×10 ⁻⁴ joules per square centimeter Kelvin, and the carbon nanotube structure can heat up and transfer heat quickly, so the stereo heat source It has the characteristics of rapid temperature rise, small thermal hysteresis, fast heat exchange rate and high radiation efficiency.

綜上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，遂依法提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例，自不能以此限制本案之申請專利範圍。舉凡習知本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍內。 In summary, the present invention has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent, and has filed a patent application according to law. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not possible to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Equivalent modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art in light of the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

100‧‧‧立體熱源 100‧‧‧ Stereo heat source

102‧‧‧三維支撐結構 102‧‧‧Three-dimensional support structure

104‧‧‧加熱元件 104‧‧‧ heating element

108‧‧‧熱反射層 108‧‧‧Hot reflective layer

110‧‧‧第一電極 110‧‧‧First electrode

112‧‧‧第二電極 112‧‧‧second electrode

Claims

一種立體熱源裝置，其改進在於，其包括：一個加熱元件，該加熱元件為一奈米碳管複合結構，其包括一基體及一奈米碳管結構；以及至少兩個電極間隔設置並與所述加熱元件電連接，所述之加熱元件構成一個中空之三維結構，所述之加熱元件中之奈米碳管結構包括至少一個自支撐的奈米碳管線狀結構，所述奈米碳管結構具有複數孔隙，所述奈米碳管複合結構中，所述基體材料滲入該奈米碳管結構的孔隙中，與所述奈米碳管結構緊密結合，以使所述基體完全包覆該奈米碳管結構並且所述基體至少部分嵌入於該奈米碳管結構的複數孔隙中。 A three-dimensional heat source device, the improvement comprising: a heating element, the heating element being a carbon nanotube composite structure comprising a substrate and a carbon nanotube structure; and at least two electrodes spaced apart from each other The heating element is electrically connected, the heating element constitutes a hollow three-dimensional structure, and the carbon nanotube structure in the heating element comprises at least one self-supporting nano carbon line structure, the carbon nanotube structure a plurality of pores, wherein the matrix material infiltrates into the pores of the carbon nanotube structure, and is tightly bonded to the carbon nanotube structure, so that the matrix completely coats the naphthalene The carbon nanotube structure and the substrate is at least partially embedded in a plurality of pores of the carbon nanotube structure.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述奈米碳管結構包括一個奈米碳管線狀結構，該奈米碳管線狀結構折疊或盤繞分佈於所述基體中。 The three-dimensional heat source device according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotube structure comprises a nanocarbon line-like structure, and the nanocarbon line-like structure is folded or coiled and distributed in the substrate.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述奈米碳管結構包括複數奈米碳管線狀結構，該複數奈米碳管線狀結構相互平行設置、並排設置、交叉設置或編織成網狀結構分佈於基體中。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotube structure comprises a plurality of carbon-carbon pipeline-like structures, the plurality of carbon-carbon pipeline-like structures are arranged in parallel with each other, arranged side by side, cross-arranged or woven. The network structure is distributed in the matrix.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述奈米碳管線狀結構包括至少一非扭轉之奈米碳管線、至少一扭轉之奈米碳管線或其組合。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 1, wherein the nanocarbon line-like structure comprises at least one non-twisted nanocarbon line, at least one twisted nanocarbon line, or a combination thereof.

如請求項第4項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述奈米碳管線包括複數首尾相連之奈米碳管，該複數奈米碳管沿奈米碳管線之長度方向平行排列或螺旋排列。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 4, wherein the nanocarbon pipeline comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes connected end to end, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged in parallel or spirally along a length of the nanocarbon pipeline. .

如請求項第4項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述奈米碳管線之直徑為 0.5奈米~100微米。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 4, wherein the diameter of the nanocarbon pipeline is 0.5 nm ~ 100 microns.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述基體之材料為高分子材料或無機非金屬材料。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 1, wherein the material of the substrate is a polymer material or an inorganic non-metal material.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述之立體熱源裝置進一步包括一中空之三維支撐結構，所述加熱元件設置於該中空之三維支撐結構之表面。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional heat source device further comprises a hollow three-dimensional support structure, and the heating element is disposed on a surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure.

如請求項第8項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述加熱元件通過黏結劑或機械固定方式設置於三維支撐結構之表面。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 8, wherein the heating element is disposed on a surface of the three-dimensional support structure by a bonding agent or a mechanical fixing.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述之立體熱源進一步包括一熱反射層，所述熱反射層設置於加熱元件之週邊。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional heat source further comprises a heat reflecting layer disposed at a periphery of the heating element.

如請求項第1項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述之立體熱源包括複數電極，該複數電極間隔設置且分別與加熱元件電連接。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional heat source comprises a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes being spaced apart and electrically connected to the heating element.

如請求項第11項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述之複數電極中交替間隔設置之電極之間相互電連接。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 11, wherein the electrodes of the plurality of electrodes alternately spaced apart from each other are electrically connected to each other.

一種立體熱源裝置包括：一加熱元件；以及至少兩個電極，該至少兩個電極間隔設置且與該加熱元件電連接；其改進在於，所述之加熱元件包括至少一線狀奈米碳管複合結構，該至少一線狀奈米碳管複合結構合圍形成一立體結構，所述線狀奈米碳管複合結構包括至少一自支撐的奈米碳管線狀結構以及與該奈米碳管線狀結構複合之基體材料，所述奈米碳管線狀結構具有複數孔隙，所述線狀奈米碳管複合結構中，所述基體材料滲入該奈米碳管線狀結構的孔隙中，與所述奈米碳管線狀結構緊密結合，以使所述基體材料完全包覆該奈米碳管線狀結構。 A three-dimensional heat source device includes: a heating element; and at least two electrodes spaced apart and electrically connected to the heating element; and the improvement is that the heating element comprises at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure The at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure is formed to form a three-dimensional structure, and the linear carbon nanotube composite structure includes at least one self-supporting nano carbon pipeline structure and is combined with the nano carbon pipeline structure. a matrix material having a plurality of pores, wherein in the linear carbon nanotube composite structure, the matrix material infiltrates into pores of the nanocarbon line-like structure, and the nanocarbon pipeline The structures are tightly bonded such that the matrix material completely encapsulates the nanocarbon line-like structure.

如請求項第13項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述孔隙尺寸小於10微米。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 13, wherein the pore size is less than 10 microns.

如請求項第13項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述加熱元件包括複數線狀奈米碳管複合結構相互平行設置，並排設置、交叉設置或編織成一層狀奈米碳管結構。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 13, wherein the heating element comprises a plurality of linear carbon nanotube composite structures arranged in parallel with each other, arranged side by side, cross-arranged or woven into a layered carbon nanotube structure.

如請求項第15項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述層狀奈米碳管結構之單位面積熱容小於2×10^-4焦耳每平方釐米開爾文。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 15, wherein the layered carbon nanotube structure has a heat capacity per unit area of less than 2 x 10 ^-4 joules per square centimeter Kelvin.

如請求項第16項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述層狀奈米碳管結構之單位面積熱容小於等於1.7×10^-6焦耳每平方釐米開爾文。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 16, wherein the layered carbon nanotube structure has a heat capacity per unit area of less than or equal to 1.7 x 10 ^-6 joules per square centimeter Kelvin.

如請求項第13項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述至少一線狀奈米碳管複合結構以該至少兩個電極為支撐形成一立體結構。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 13, wherein the at least one linear carbon nanotube composite structure is supported by the at least two electrodes to form a three-dimensional structure.

如請求項第13項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述之立體熱源進一步包括一中空之三維支撐結構，所述加熱元件設置於該中空之三維支撐結構之表面。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 13, wherein the three-dimensional heat source further comprises a hollow three-dimensional support structure, and the heating element is disposed on a surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure.

如請求項第19項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述加熱元件通過黏結劑或機械固定方式設置於三維支撐結構之表面。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 19, wherein the heating element is disposed on a surface of the three-dimensional support structure by a bonding agent or a mechanical fixing.

如請求項第19項所述之立體熱源裝置，其中，所述線狀奈米碳管複合結構纏繞於該中空之三維支撐結構之外表面。 The three-dimensional heat source device of claim 19, wherein the linear carbon nanotube composite structure is wound around an outer surface of the hollow three-dimensional support structure.