TWI488100B - Capacitive touch screen - Google Patents
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- TWI488100B TWI488100B TW102122004A TW102122004A TWI488100B TW I488100 B TWI488100 B TW I488100B TW 102122004 A TW102122004 A TW 102122004A TW 102122004 A TW102122004 A TW 102122004A TW I488100 B TWI488100 B TW I488100B
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Description
本發明是關於一種觸控式顯示裝置，特別是一種電容式觸控螢幕。The invention relates to a touch display device, in particular to a capacitive touch screen.
目前，電容式觸控螢幕廣泛應用於各種電子產品，已經逐漸滲透到人們工作和生活的各個領域。越來越多的電容式觸控螢幕開始支援無源筆和手的觸控操作，但是手和無源筆的觸控引起的互電容的改變量是不同的，手的觸控引起的互電容的改變量較大，一般手的觸控位置的檢測是通過互電容原理實現的；無源筆由於觸控接觸較面積較小，往往不足以引起足夠的互電容的改變量，因此，無源筆的觸控檢測一般是利用自電容原理實現的，但是當同時使用複數個無源筆進行觸控操作時，採用自電容原理檢測螢幕經常會出現鬼點(Ghost point)問題，因此，自容式觸控螢幕不能夠實現真正的多點觸控。At present, capacitive touch screens are widely used in various electronic products, and have gradually penetrated into various fields of people's work and life. More and more capacitive touch screens support the touch operation of passive pens and hands, but the amount of mutual capacitance change caused by the touch of the hand and the passive pen is different, and the mutual capacitance caused by the touch of the hand The amount of change is large. The detection of the touch position of the general hand is realized by the principle of mutual capacitance. Because the touch pen has a small area of contact, it is often insufficient to cause sufficient mutual capacitance change. Therefore, passive The touch detection of the pen is generally realized by the self-capacitance principle. However, when a plurality of passive pens are used for the touch operation at the same time, the Ghost point problem often occurs when the screen is detected by the self-capacitance principle, and therefore, the self-capacity is caused. Touch screens are not able to achieve true multi-touch.
因此，如何準確地檢測手和無源筆的觸控位置，且能夠實現多點觸控係為本案之發明人以及從事此相關行業之技術領域者亟欲改善的課題。Therefore, how to accurately detect the touch position of the hand and the passive pen, and realize the multi-touch is an object that the inventor of the present invention and those skilled in the related art are eager to improve.
有鑑於此，本發明實施例提供一種電容式觸控 螢幕，包括：襯底、複數個感應電極及觸控控制晶片。複數個感應電極設置於襯底上，此些感應電極排列成二維陣列。觸控控制晶片置於襯底上，觸控控制晶片與此些感應電極之中的每一感應電極分別通過導線相連接，觸控控制晶片配置為利用測試精度可調的檢測電路檢測每一感應電極的自電容變化量而確定觸控訊號。In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a capacitive touch The screen comprises: a substrate, a plurality of sensing electrodes and a touch control chip. A plurality of sensing electrodes are disposed on the substrate, and the sensing electrodes are arranged in a two-dimensional array. The touch control chip is placed on the substrate, and the touch control chip and each of the sensing electrodes are respectively connected by wires, and the touch control chip is configured to detect each sensor by using a detection circuit with adjustable test precision. The touch signal is determined by the amount of self-capacitance change of the electrode.
本發明實施例公開的電容式觸控螢幕，通過將觸控控制晶片與每個感應電極分別通過導線相連接，並設置於襯底上，多個感應電極排列成二維陣列，且感應電極之間沒有物理連接，從而能夠實現真正的多點觸控，並且利用觸控控制晶片配置測試精度可調的檢測電路來檢測每一個感應電極的自電容變化量，可以使得電容式觸控螢幕可以根據觸控物件的不同設置不同的測試精度，從而實現觸控位置的準確檢測。In the capacitive touch screen disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, the touch control wafer and each of the sensing electrodes are respectively connected by wires and disposed on the substrate, and the plurality of sensing electrodes are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the sensing electrodes are There is no physical connection, so that real multi-touch can be realized, and the detection circuit with adjustable touch precision can be used to detect the self-capacitance change of each sensing electrode, so that the capacitive touch screen can be based on Different test precisions are set for different touch objects, thereby achieving accurate detection of the touch position.
以下在實施方式中詳細敘述本發明之詳細特徵以及優點，其內容足以使任何熟習相關技藝者瞭解本發明之技術內容並據以實施，且根據本說明書所揭露之內容、申請專利範圍及圖式，任何熟習相關技藝者可輕易地理解本發明相關之目的及優點。The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are set forth in the Detailed Description of the Detailed Description of the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; The objects and advantages associated with the present invention can be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
2a-2d‧‧‧感應電極2a-2d‧‧‧Induction electrodes
10‧‧‧觸控控制晶片10‧‧‧Touch Control Wafer
11‧‧‧電容式觸控螢幕11‧‧‧Capacitive touch screen
15‧‧‧光學膠15‧‧‧Optical adhesive
16‧‧‧襯底16‧‧‧Substrate
17‧‧‧異性導電膜17‧‧‧heteroconductive film
18‧‧‧覆蓋層18‧‧‧ Coverage
19‧‧‧感應電極19‧‧‧Induction electrodes
21‧‧‧觸摸21‧‧‧ Touch
22‧‧‧總線22‧‧‧Bus
23‧‧‧時脈控制電路23‧‧‧clock control circuit
24‧‧‧驅動源24‧‧‧ drive source
25‧‧‧檢測電路25‧‧‧Detection circuit
41‧‧‧驅動源41‧‧‧ drive source
42-43‧‧‧電容42-43‧‧‧ Capacitance
45‧‧‧測量單元45‧‧‧Measurement unit
V1-V3‧‧‧電壓V1-V3‧‧‧ voltage
S1/S2‧‧‧受控開關S1/S2‧‧‧ controlled switch
V3_s‧‧‧高電位V3_s‧‧‧ high potential
V3_t‧‧‧低電位V3_t‧‧‧ low potential
Cx‧‧‧對地電容Cx‧‧‧ground capacitance
Cb‧‧‧調整電容Cb‧‧‧Adjust capacitor
phase1-phase3‧‧‧相位Phase1-phase3‧‧‧ phase
S701‧‧‧驅動感應電極S701‧‧‧ drive sensing electrode
S702‧‧‧調整測試精度S702‧‧‧Adjust test accuracy
S703‧‧‧檢測感應資料S703‧‧‧Detection sensing data
S704‧‧‧確定觸控位置S704‧‧‧Determining the touch position
圖1為本發明實施例的電容式觸控螢幕的示意圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive touch screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖2為本發明實施例的感應電極陣列的俯視圖。2 is a top plan view of an array of sensing electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖3為本發明實施例的感應電極的工作電路。FIG. 3 is a working circuit of a sensing electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖4A-4C為本發明實施例的感應電極的掃描時序示意圖。4A-4C are schematic diagrams showing scanning timings of sensing electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖5為本發明實施例的觸控檢測電路圖。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a touch detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖6為本發明實施例的觸控檢測電路時序圖。FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of a touch detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖7為本發明實施例的觸控檢測方法流程圖。FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a touch detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
為了使本公開的目的、特徵和優點能夠更加的明顯易懂，下面將結合本公開實施例中的附圖，對本公開實施例的技術方案進行描述。顯然，所描述的實施例僅僅是本發明的一部分實施例。基於本公開實施例，本領域技術人員在不付出創造性勞動的前提下所獲得的任何其他實施例，都應當屬於本發明的保護範圍。為便於說明，表示結構的剖面圖不依一般比例而作局部放大。而且，附圖只是示例性的，其不應限制本發明的保護範圍。此外，在實際製作中應包含長度、寬度以及深度的三維尺寸。In the following, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention. Any other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without any creative work should fall within the protection scope of the present invention. For ease of explanation, the cross-sectional view showing the structure is not partially enlarged in accordance with the general scale. Moreover, the drawings are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition, the actual production should include three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth.
第1圖是本發明實施例的電容式觸控螢幕的示意圖。如第1圖所示，電容式觸控螢幕11包括：襯底16；設置於襯底16上的多個感應電極19，多個感應電極19排列成二維陣列；以及設置於襯底16上的觸控控制晶片10。觸控控制晶片10與每個感應電極19分別通過導線相連接，觸控控制晶片10配置為利用測試精度可調的檢測電路檢測每一個感應電極的自電容變化量，從而確定觸控訊號，檢測電路將在後文中詳細描述。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive touch screen according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the capacitive touch screen 11 includes: a substrate 16; a plurality of sensing electrodes 19 disposed on the substrate 16 , the plurality of sensing electrodes 19 are arranged in a two-dimensional array; and disposed on the substrate 16 Touch control wafer 10. The touch control chip 10 and each of the sensing electrodes 19 are respectively connected by wires. The touch control chip 10 is configured to detect the self-capacitance change of each sensing electrode by using a detection circuit with adjustable test precision, thereby determining the touch signal and detecting The circuit will be described in detail later.
襯底16可以是透明的，例如是玻璃襯底或柔性襯底；襯底16也可以是不透明的，例如是印製電路板。襯底16上設置有多個感應電極19，多個感應電極19排列成二維陣列，可以是矩形陣列或任何其他形狀的二維陣列。對於電容式觸控螢幕11，每個感應電極19是一個電容傳感器，電容傳感器的電容在觸控螢幕上相應位置被觸摸時發生變化。Substrate 16 may be transparent, such as a glass substrate or a flexible substrate; substrate 16 may also be opaque, such as a printed circuit board. A plurality of sensing electrodes 19 are disposed on the substrate 16, and the plurality of sensing electrodes 19 are arranged in a two-dimensional array, which may be a rectangular array or a two-dimensional array of any other shape. For the capacitive touch screen 11, each of the sensing electrodes 19 is a capacitive sensor, and the capacitance of the capacitive sensor changes when the corresponding position on the touch screen is touched.
在一些實施態樣中，感應電極19上方設置有覆蓋層18(Cover Lens)以保護感應電極19。In some implementations, a cover layer 18 (Cover Lens) is disposed over the sensing electrode 19 to protect the sensing electrode 19.
在一些實施態樣中，感應電極19上方設置有光學膠15(Optical Clear Adhesive；OCA)。再者，光學膠15設置於覆蓋層18與感應電極19之間。In some implementations, an optical paste 15 (Optical Clear Adhesive; OCA) is disposed over the sensing electrode 19. Furthermore, the optical glue 15 is disposed between the cover layer 18 and the sensing electrode 19.
每個感應電極19通過導線連接到觸控控制晶片10，觸控控制晶片10設置於襯底16上。由於與每個感應電極19分別通過導線相連接，觸控控制晶片10的管腳很多，因此，將觸控控制晶片10設置於襯底16上能夠避免常規封裝的困難。Each of the sensing electrodes 19 is connected to the touch control wafer 10 by wires, and the touch control wafer 10 is disposed on the substrate 16. Since each of the sensing electrodes 19 is connected by wires, the touch control wafer 10 has a large number of pins. Therefore, placing the touch control wafer 10 on the substrate 16 can avoid the difficulty of conventional packaging.
在一些實施態樣中，觸控控制晶片10可通過玻璃覆晶(Chip-on-Glass，簡稱COG)方式或柔性覆晶(Chip-on-Film，簡稱COF)或板上晶片封裝(Chip-on-Board，簡稱COB)方式設置於襯底16上。如第1圖所示，觸控控制晶片10與襯底16之間可存在各向異性導電膜(ACF)17。In some implementations, the touch control wafer 10 can be chip-on-glass (COG) or chip-on-film (COF) or chip-on-chip (Chip-). The on-Board (COB) mode is disposed on the substrate 16. As shown in FIG. 1, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) 17 may be present between the touch control wafer 10 and the substrate 16.
此外，常規的柔性電路板(FPC)連接要求在 硬件上給觸控控制晶片10和柔性電路板預留空間，不利於系統精簡。而通過玻璃覆晶方式或柔性覆晶方式，觸控控制晶片10與觸控螢幕成為一體，顯著降低了兩者之間的距離，從而減小了整體的體積。此外，由於感應電極19一般通過在襯底16上對氧化銦錫(ITO)進行刻蝕形成，而觸控控制晶片10也位於襯底16上，因此，兩者之間的連線可通過一次氧化銦錫刻蝕完成，顯著簡化了製造工藝。In addition, conventional flexible circuit board (FPC) connections are required The hardware reserves space for the touch control chip 10 and the flexible circuit board, which is not conducive to system simplification. The touch control wafer 10 and the touch screen are integrated by the glass flip chip or the flexible flip chip, which significantly reduces the distance between the two, thereby reducing the overall volume. In addition, since the sensing electrode 19 is generally formed by etching indium tin oxide (ITO) on the substrate 16, and the touch control wafer 10 is also located on the substrate 16, the connection between the two can be passed once. The indium tin oxide etch is completed, which significantly simplifies the manufacturing process.
第2圖是本發明實施例的感應電極陣列的俯視圖。本領域技術人員應理解，第2圖示出的僅僅是感應電極19的一種排列方式，在具體實施中，感應電極19可排列成任何二維陣列。此外，各感應電極19在任一方向上的間距可以是相等的，也可以是不等的。本領域技術人員亦應理解，感應電極19的數量可多於第2圖所示的數量。Fig. 2 is a plan view of a sensing electrode array according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that FIG. 2 shows only one arrangement of the sensing electrodes 19. In a specific implementation, the sensing electrodes 19 can be arranged in any two-dimensional array. In addition, the spacing of the sensing electrodes 19 in either direction may be equal or unequal. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the number of sensing electrodes 19 can be more than the number shown in FIG.
本領域技術人員應理解，如第2圖所示僅是感應電極19的一種形狀。根據其他實施例，感應電極19的形狀可以是矩形、菱形、圓形或橢圓形，也可以是不規則形狀。各感應電極19的圖案可以是一致的，也可以是不一致的。例如，中部的感應電極19採用菱形結構，邊緣的採用三角形結構。此外，各感應電極19的大小可以是一致的，也可以是不一致的。例如，靠裡的感應電極19尺寸較大，靠邊緣的尺寸較小，如此有利於走線和邊沿的觸控精度。It will be understood by those skilled in the art that as shown in Fig. 2, only one shape of the sensing electrode 19 is shown. According to other embodiments, the shape of the sensing electrode 19 may be rectangular, rhombic, circular or elliptical, or may be irregular. The patterns of the sensing electrodes 19 may be uniform or inconsistent. For example, the sensing electrode 19 in the middle has a rhombic structure and the edges have a triangular structure. In addition, the size of each of the sensing electrodes 19 may be uniform or inconsistent. For example, the inner sensing electrode 19 has a large size and a small size on the edge, which is advantageous for the touch precision of the trace and the edge.
請參閱第2圖，每個感應電極19都有導線引出，導線布於感應電極19之間的空隙中。一般而言，導線 儘量均勻，且走線儘量短。此外，導線的走線範圍在保證安全距離的前提下儘量窄，從而留給感應電極19更多的面積，使感應更精確。Referring to FIG. 2, each of the sensing electrodes 19 has a lead wire which is disposed in a gap between the sensing electrodes 19. In general, wires Try to be as uniform as possible and keep the traces as short as possible. In addition, the wire routing range is as narrow as possible under the premise of ensuring a safe distance, thereby leaving more area of the sensing electrode 19, so that the sensing is more accurate.
各感應電極19可通過導線連接至總線22，總線22將導線直接或者經過一定的排序後與觸控控制晶片10的管腳相連接。對於大螢幕的觸控螢幕，感應電極19的數量可能非常多。在這種情況下，可以用單個觸控控制晶片10控制所有感應電極19；或者，可以通過對螢幕分區，用多個觸控控制晶片10分別控制不同區域的感應電極19，多個觸控控制晶片10之間可進行時脈同步。此時，總線22可分割成若干個總線集，以便與不同的觸控控制晶片10相連接。各觸控控制晶片10控制相同數量的感應電極19，或者控制不同數量的感應電極19。Each of the sensing electrodes 19 can be connected to the bus 22 by wires. The bus 22 connects the wires directly or after a certain order to the pins of the touch control wafer 10. For large screen touch screens, the number of sensing electrodes 19 can be very large. In this case, all the sensing electrodes 19 can be controlled by a single touch control chip 10; or, by dividing the screen, the sensing electrodes 19 of different regions can be separately controlled by the plurality of touch control wafers 10, and multiple touch controls are performed. Clock synchronization is possible between the wafers 10. At this time, the bus 22 can be divided into a plurality of bus sets for connection with different touch control wafers 10. Each touch control wafer 10 controls the same number of sensing electrodes 19 or controls a different number of sensing electrodes 19.
對於第2圖所示的感應電極陣列，佈線可以在感應電極陣列的同一層上實現。對於其他結構的感應電極陣列，如果同層走線難以實現，導線也可以佈置在不同於感應電極陣列所在層的另一層，通過過孔連接各感應電極。For the sensing electrode array shown in Fig. 2, the wiring can be implemented on the same layer of the sensing electrode array. For other types of sensing electrode arrays, if the same layer routing is difficult to implement, the wires may be disposed in another layer different from the layer in which the sensing electrode array is located, and the sensing electrodes are connected through the via holes.
第2圖所示的感應電極陣列基於自電容的觸控檢測原理。每個感應電極19對應螢幕上特定位置，在第2圖中，感應電極2a/2b/2c/2d表示不同的感應電極。當觸摸21發生在某感應電極所對應的位置時，感應電極上的電荷改變，因此，檢測感應電極上的電荷(電流/電壓)，而能夠知道感應電極有沒有發生觸控事件。一般而言，這可以通過類比數位轉換器(ADC)轉換類比值量化為數字來 實現。感應電極的電荷改變量與感應電極被覆蓋的面積有關，例如，第2圖中感應電極2b和感應電極2d的電荷改變量大於感應電極2a和感應電極2c的電荷改變量。The sensing electrode array shown in FIG. 2 is based on the self-capacitance touch detection principle. Each of the sensing electrodes 19 corresponds to a specific position on the screen. In FIG. 2, the sensing electrodes 2a/2b/2c/2d represent different sensing electrodes. When the touch 21 occurs at a position corresponding to a certain sensing electrode, the electric charge on the sensing electrode changes, and therefore, the electric charge (current/voltage) on the sensing electrode is detected, and it is possible to know whether or not the sensing electrode has a touch event. In general, this can be quantified as a number by analog analog converter (ADC) conversion analogy. achieve. The amount of charge change of the sensing electrode is related to the area covered by the sensing electrode. For example, the amount of charge change of the sensing electrode 2b and the sensing electrode 2d in FIG. 2 is larger than the amount of charge change of the sensing electrode 2a and the sensing electrode 2c.
螢幕上的每個位置均有對應的感應電極，感應電極之間沒有物理連接，因此，本公開實施例所提供的電容式觸控螢幕能夠實現真正的多點觸控，避免了現有技術中自電容觸控檢測的鬼點問題。Each of the positions on the screen has corresponding sensing electrodes, and there is no physical connection between the sensing electrodes. Therefore, the capacitive touch screen provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize true multi-touch, avoiding the prior art. The ghost point problem of capacitive touch detection.
感應電極層可以通過表面貼合方式與顯示螢幕結合，也可以把感應電極層做到顯示螢幕內部，例如內嵌式(In-Cell)觸控螢幕，還可以把感應電極層做到顯示螢幕上表面，例如外嵌式(on-Cell)觸控螢幕。The sensing electrode layer can be combined with the display screen by surface bonding, or the sensing electrode layer can be displayed inside the screen, such as an in-cell touch screen, and the sensing electrode layer can be displayed on the screen. Surfaces, such as on-Cell touch screens.
第3圖為本發明實施例的感應電極的工作電路，感應電極19同時連接驅動源24和檢測電路25，當感應電極19的自電容發生變化時，變化量可以由檢測電路25檢測出來。感應電極19由驅動源24驅動。於此，驅動源24為電源，即驅動源24可以是電壓源或電流源。對於不同的感應電極19，驅動源24不一定採用相同的結構。例如，可以部分採用電壓源，部分採用電流源。此外，對於不同的感應電極19，驅動源24的頻率可以相同，也可以不同。時脈控制電路23控制各驅動源24工作的時脈。FIG. 3 is a working circuit of the sensing electrode according to the embodiment of the present invention. The sensing electrode 19 is simultaneously connected to the driving source 24 and the detecting circuit 25. When the self-capacitance of the sensing electrode 19 changes, the amount of change can be detected by the detecting circuit 25. The sensing electrode 19 is driven by a drive source 24. Here, the driving source 24 is a power source, that is, the driving source 24 may be a voltage source or a current source. For different sensing electrodes 19, the driving source 24 does not necessarily have to have the same structure. For example, a voltage source may be partially used, and a current source may be partially used. Further, for different sensing electrodes 19, the frequency of the driving source 24 may be the same or different. The clock control circuit 23 controls the clock of the operation of each of the drive sources 24.
各感應電極19的驅動時脈有多種選擇。如第4A圖所示，所有感應電極同時驅動，同時檢測。這種方式完成一次掃描所需要的時間最短，驅動源數量最多(與感應電極的數量一致)。The driving clock of each of the sensing electrodes 19 has various options. As shown in Figure 4A, all of the sensing electrodes are driven simultaneously and simultaneously detected. In this way, the time required to complete a scan is the shortest, and the number of driving sources is the largest (consistent with the number of sensing electrodes).
如第4B圖所示，感應電極19的驅動源被分成若干組，每組依次驅動特定區域內的電極。這種方式能夠實現同一個驅動源分時驅動不同電極，從而節省驅動源的數量，但會增加掃描時間，不過，通過選擇合適的分組數量，可以使驅動源複用和掃描時間達到折中，舉例而言，假設每個電極的掃描時間相等為Ts，而規定一幀的總掃描時間為T，那麼定義K=T/Ts，則K值越大，就可以用越少的驅動源分時完成全屏掃描。例如，K=2，代表可以只用1/2的驅動源完成掃描，K=3，代表只需1/3數量的驅動源。As shown in Fig. 4B, the driving sources of the sensing electrodes 19 are divided into groups, each of which sequentially drives the electrodes in a specific region. This method can realize different time sharing of different electrodes by the same driving source, thereby saving the number of driving sources, but increasing the scanning time. However, by selecting the appropriate number of groups, the driving source multiplexing and scanning time can be compromised. For example, if the scan time of each electrode is equal to Ts and the total scan time of one frame is T, then K=T/Ts is defined, and the larger the K value, the less time the drive source can be used. Complete a full screen scan. For example, K=2 means that scanning can be done with only 1/2 of the drive source, K=3, representing only 1/3 of the number of drive sources.
第4C圖示出了常規互電容觸控檢測的掃描方式，假設有N個驅動通道(TX)，每個TX的掃描時間為Ts，則掃描完一幀的時間為N*Ts。而採用本實施例的感應電極驅動方法，可以將所有感應電極一起檢測，掃描完一幀的時間最快僅Ts。也就是說，與常規互電容觸控檢測相比，本實施例的方案能夠將掃描頻率提高N倍。Figure 4C shows the scanning mode of the conventional mutual capacitance touch detection. Assuming that there are N drive channels (TX), the scan time of each TX is Ts, and the time of scanning one frame is N*Ts. With the sensing electrode driving method of the embodiment, all the sensing electrodes can be detected together, and the time for scanning one frame is only Ts. That is to say, the scheme of the embodiment can increase the scanning frequency by N times compared with the conventional mutual capacitance touch detection.
對於一個有40個驅動通道的互電容觸控螢幕，如果每個驅動通道的掃描時間為500微秒(μs)，則整個觸控螢幕(一幀)的掃描時間為20毫秒(ms)，即幀率為50Hz。50Hz往往不能達到良好使用體驗的要求。本公開實施例的方案可以解決這個問題。通過採用排列成二維陣列的感應電極，所有電極可以同時檢測，在每個電極的檢測時間保持500微秒(μs)的情況下，幀率達到2000Hz。這大大超出了多數觸控螢幕的應用要求。多出來的掃描資料可以被數字信號處理端利用，用於例如抗干擾 或優化觸控軌跡，從而得到更好的效果。For a mutual capacitive touch screen with 40 drive channels, if the scan time of each drive channel is 500 microseconds (μs), the scan time of the entire touch screen (one frame) is 20 milliseconds (ms), ie The frame rate is 50 Hz. 50Hz often does not meet the requirements of a good experience. The solution of the embodiments of the present disclosure can solve this problem. By using the sensing electrodes arranged in a two-dimensional array, all the electrodes can be simultaneously detected, and the frame rate reaches 2000 Hz with the detection time of each electrode being maintained for 500 microseconds (μs). This greatly exceeds the application requirements of most touch screens. The extra scan data can be used by the digital signal processing terminal for, for example, anti-jamming Or optimize the touch track for better results.
內嵌式(In-Cell)觸控螢幕利用每幀的場消隱時間(Vertical Blanking Interval；VBlank，又稱場逆程)進行掃描，但每幀的場消隱時間僅為2至4毫秒(ms)，常規基於互電容的掃描時間卻往往達到5ms甚至更大。為實現內嵌式螢幕的使用，通常減少互電容觸控檢測的掃描時間，具體是減少每個通道的掃描時間，這種方法降低了內嵌式螢幕的信噪比(Signal-to-noise ratio；SNR或S/N)，影響了觸控體驗。本公開實施例的方案可以解決這個問題。例如，有十個驅動通道及常規互電容觸控檢測掃描時間為4ms的內嵌式螢幕，每個通道的掃描時間僅為400μs。通過採用本公開實施例的方案，所有電極同時驅動和檢測，則所有電極都掃描完一次僅需400μs。若按上述內嵌式螢幕，掃描時間共有4ms，則還有很多時間剩餘。節省出的時間可以用於多次重複檢測或變頻率檢測等其他檢測，從而大大提高檢測信號的信噪比和抗干擾能力，以得到更好的檢測效果。The In-Cell touch screen uses the vertical blanking interval (VBlank, also known as field reversal) of each frame to scan, but the field blanking time per frame is only 2 to 4 milliseconds ( Ms), the conventional scanning time based on mutual capacitance is often 5ms or more. In order to achieve the use of the embedded screen, the scanning time of the mutual capacitance touch detection is usually reduced, specifically, the scanning time of each channel is reduced. This method reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the embedded screen (Signal-to-noise ratio). SNR or S/N) affects the touch experience. The solution of the embodiments of the present disclosure can solve this problem. For example, there are ten drive channels and a conventional mutual capacitance touch detection embedded time screen with a scan time of 4ms, and the scan time per channel is only 400μs. By employing the scheme of the embodiment of the present disclosure, all electrodes are simultaneously driven and detected, and all the electrodes are scanned for only 400 μs. If you press the embedded screen above and the scan time is 4ms, there is still a lot of time left. The saved time can be used for other detections such as multiple repeated detection or variable frequency detection, thereby greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and anti-interference ability of the detection signal, so as to obtain a better detection effect.
第5圖為本發明實施例的觸控檢測電路圖，也是對第3圖中檢測電路25的詳細描述。檢測電路25檢測每個感應電極的自電容。感應電極的自電容可以是其對地的電容。FIG. 5 is a diagram of a touch detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is also a detailed description of the detection circuit 25 in FIG. 3. The detection circuit 25 detects the self capacitance of each of the sensing electrodes. The self-capacitance of the sensing electrode can be its capacitance to ground.
作為一個示例，可採用電荷檢測法。如第5圖所示，驅動源41提供恆定電壓V1。電壓V1可以是正壓、負壓或接地。兩個受控開關(controlled switch)S1/S2，電 容42表示感應電極的對地電容Cx，對地電容Cx的值在感應電極無觸摸時是固定的，一旦感應電極上有觸摸，對地電容Cx的值就會發生改變。測量單元45可將輸入端電壓鉗位至電壓源V2，並利用電容42把電荷轉成電壓，然後送給類比數位轉換器(ADC)測量，實際中就是根據測量單元45測量的電壓的變化確定感應電極的對地電容Cx的變化，從而確定感應電極上是否有觸摸以及具體的觸摸位置。電容43是一個容量已知，且大小可調的調整電容Cb(或稱可變電容)，調整電容Cb一端連接電壓V2，另一端連接電壓V3，其中電壓V3的值為可變。調整電容Cb的作用是調節測量單元45的測試精度。作為另一個示例，也可採用電流源，或者通過感應電極的頻率來獲得其自電容。As an example, a charge detection method can be employed. As shown in Fig. 5, the drive source 41 supplies a constant voltage V1. Voltage V1 can be positive, negative or ground. Two controlled switches S1/S2, electric The capacitance 42 represents the capacitance Cx of the sensing electrode to the ground. The value of the capacitance Cx to the ground is fixed when the sensing electrode has no touch. Once there is a touch on the sensing electrode, the value of the capacitance Cx to the ground changes. The measuring unit 45 can clamp the input voltage to the voltage source V2, and convert the electric charge into a voltage by using the capacitor 42 and then send it to an analog digital converter (ADC) for measurement. Actually, it is determined according to the change of the voltage measured by the measuring unit 45. The change of the ground capacitance Cx of the sensing electrode determines whether there is a touch on the sensing electrode and a specific touch position. The capacitor 43 is a regulating capacitor Cb (or a variable capacitor) having a known capacity and an adjustable size. The adjusting capacitor Cb is connected to the voltage V2 at one end and connected to the voltage V3 at the other end, wherein the value of the voltage V3 is variable. The function of the adjustment capacitor Cb is to adjust the test accuracy of the measuring unit 45. As another example, a current source can also be employed, or its self-capacitance can be obtained by sensing the frequency of the electrodes.
第6圖為本發明實施例的觸控檢測電路時序圖，第5圖的電荷測量過程可分為若干個階段，第6圖示出了幾個關鍵的階段。FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of the touch detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The charge measurement process of FIG. 5 can be divided into several stages, and FIG. 6 shows several key stages.
請參閱第6圖，高電位時表示受控開關S1及受控開關S2連通，低電位時表示受控開關S1及受控開關S2斷開。其中，電壓V3會在高電位V3_s和低電位V3_t之間變化。測量單元45為高電位時，代表電路正在進行取樣量化，測量單元45低電位時代表電路處於等待狀態。下面詳細描述感應電極上從無觸控到有觸控時電荷量的變化。Please refer to Fig. 6. At high potential, the controlled switch S1 and the controlled switch S2 are connected. When the potential is low, the controlled switch S1 and the controlled switch S2 are disconnected. Among them, the voltage V3 will vary between the high potential V3_s and the low potential V3_t. When the measuring unit 45 is at a high potential, the representative circuit is performing sampling quantization, and when the measuring unit 45 is at a low potential, the circuit is in a waiting state. The change in the amount of charge on the sensing electrode from no touch to touch is described in detail below.
當電極上沒有觸控時，在相位phase1階段，受控開關S1閉合，受控開關S2斷開，電壓源V3處於高 電位V3_s狀態，對地電容Cx的上極板被充電至驅動源41所提供的電壓V1。此時：對地電容Cx上的電荷Qx=Cx *V1；調整電容Cb上的電荷Qb=Cb*(V2-V3_s)；45端的電荷Q45=0。When there is no touch on the electrode, in the phase phase1 phase, the controlled switch S1 is closed, the controlled switch S2 is opened, and the voltage source V3 is high. In the potential V3_s state, the upper plate of the ground capacitance Cx is charged to the voltage V1 supplied from the drive source 41. At this time: the charge Qx=Cx*V1 on the ground capacitance Cx; the charge Qb=Cb*(V2-V3_s) on the adjustment capacitor Cb; and the charge Q45=0 on the 45 side.
在相位phase2階段，受控開關S1斷開，受控開關S2閉合，電壓V3從高電位V3_s變化到低電位V3_t狀態，對地電容Cx與測量單元45及調整電容Cb發生電荷交換，穩態時：對地電容Cx上的電荷Qx=Cx *V2；調整電容Cb上的電荷Qb=Cb*(V2-V3_t)。In the phase phase 2 phase, the controlled switch S1 is turned off, the controlled switch S2 is closed, the voltage V3 is changed from the high potential V3_s to the low potential V3_t state, and the ground capacitance Cx is charged and exchanged with the measuring unit 45 and the adjusting capacitor Cb. : The charge Qx=Cx *V2 on the capacitance Cx to ground; the charge Qb=Cb*(V2-V3_t) on the adjustment capacitor Cb.
由於在相位phase1到相位phase2的過程中，電荷是守恆的，因此，Qx+Qb+Q45在兩個階段相等，可以得到在相位phase2階段測量單元45測量的電荷：Q45=(Cx *V1+Cb*(V2-V3_s))-(Cx *V2+Cb*(V2-V3_t))=Cx*(V1-V2)-Cb(V3_s-V3_t)。Since the charge is conserved during the phase phase1 to the phase phase2, Qx+Qb+Q45 are equal in two stages, and the charge measured by the measuring unit 45 in the phase phase 2 phase can be obtained: Q45=(Cx *V1+Cb *(V2-V3_s))-(Cx *V2+Cb*(V2-V3_t))=Cx*(V1-V2)-Cb(V3_s-V3_t).
即，沒有觸控時測量單元45測量的電壓：V45=K*Q45=K*(Cx*(V1-V2)-Cb(V3_s-V3_t)) (1)。That is, there is no voltage measured by the measuring unit 45 when touch: V45=K*Q45=K*(Cx*(V1-V2)-Cb(V3_s-V3_t)) (1).
其中K代表一個增益，在電路中一般通過電容把電荷轉換為電壓，增益K是個可配值。Where K represents a gain, in the circuit, the charge is generally converted into a voltage by a capacitor, and the gain K is a configurable value.
在相位phase3階段，仍然是受控開關S1斷開，受控開關S2閉合，各節點之間的電荷轉移達到平衡，測量單元45開始量化電荷/電壓值。In the phase phase3 phase, the controlled switch S1 is still open, the controlled switch S2 is closed, the charge transfer between the nodes is balanced, and the measuring unit 45 begins to quantize the charge/voltage values.
由式(1)可以看到，當Q45被量化測量出來 後，只有對地電容Cx的電容值一個變量是未知的，因此可以求出原本的對地電容Cx的電容值。It can be seen from equation (1) that when Q45 is quantized and measured After that, only one capacitance of the capacitance value to the ground capacitance Cx is unknown, so the capacitance value of the original capacitance Cx to the ground can be obtained.
為保證資料準確，可重複進行相位phase1至相位phase3的過程，而測量得到多個對地電容Cx的電容值，然後取平均值。In order to ensure the accuracy of the data, the phase phase1 to the phase phase3 process can be repeated, and the capacitance values of the plurality of capacitances C0 to the ground are measured, and then averaged.
當電極上有觸控時，對地電容Cx的電容值的大小會發生改變成Cx’，根據式(1)，這個時候測量單元45測量的電荷：Q45’=Cx’*(V1-V2)-Cb(V3_s-V3_t)。即，有觸控時，測量單元45測量的電壓：V45’=K*Q45’=K*(Cx’*(V1-V2)-Cb(V3_s-V3_t)) (2)。When there is touch on the electrode, the capacitance value of the capacitance Cx to the ground changes to Cx'. According to the formula (1), the electric quantity measured by the measuring unit 45 at this time: Q45'=Cx'*(V1-V2) -Cb(V3_s-V3_t). That is, when there is touch, the voltage measured by the measuring unit 45 is: V45' = K * Q45' = K * (Cx' * (V1 - V2) - Cb (V3_s - V3_t)) (2).
則可得到，當感應電極上有觸控時，引起測量單元45端的電壓變化量為：△V45=V45’-V45=K*(Q45’-Q45)=K(Cx’-Cx)*(V1-V2)=△Cx * K *(V1-V2) (3)。It can be obtained that when there is touch on the sensing electrode, the voltage variation caused by the measuring unit 45 is: ΔV45=V45'-V45=K*(Q45'-Q45)=K(Cx'-Cx)*(V1 -V2) = ΔCx * K * (V1 - V2) (3).
從式(3)可以看出，根據測量單元45測量的電壓的變化量△V45即可得到感應電極的對地電容Cx的電容值的變化量△Cx，變化量△Cx代表了觸控的感應量，通過變化量△Cx可以知道觸控的大小。It can be seen from the equation (3) that the amount of change ΔCx of the capacitance value of the ground capacitance Cx of the sensing electrode can be obtained according to the variation amount ΔV45 of the voltage measured by the measuring unit 45, and the amount of change ΔCx represents the sensing of the touch. The amount of the touch can be known by the amount of change ΔCx.
通常情況下，當用手指觸控螢幕時，由於一個手指能覆蓋到2至3個感應電極，觸控的感應量的變化量△Cx相對來說比較大，上述測量的資料不會有太大偏差。但是，當使用無源筆觸控時，由於無源筆與感應電極的觸控面積較小，所以引起的感應電極的對地電容Cx的電容 值的變化量△Cx非常小，如果不做任何處理，直接用類比轉數位轉換器量化式(1)和式(2)，會使得式(3)只用到了類比轉數位轉換器很小的一部分量化範圍，造成量化不準確，誤差過大等問題。Normally, when the screen is touched with a finger, since one finger can cover 2 to 3 sensing electrodes, the amount of change in the amount of touch ΔCx is relatively large, and the above measured data is not too large. deviation. However, when using a passive pen touch, since the touch area of the passive pen and the sensing electrode is small, the capacitance of the sensing electrode to the ground capacitance Cx is caused. The value of the change ΔCx is very small. If you do not do any processing, directly use the analog-to-digital converter to quantify the equations (1) and (2), which will make the equation (3) only use the analog-to-digital converter. A part of the quantization range causes problems such as inaccurate quantization and excessive error.
由式(1)和式(2)可以看出，通過調整增益K和調整電容Cb的值可以改變△V45的變化範圍。假設用來量化的類比轉數位轉換器量程的範圍是Vm~Vh。那麼對於小信號，最理想的情況是(3)式中的△V45能佔據(Vh-Vm)的全部或大部分範圍，這樣，即使很小的變化量也會量化出很大的差異，有利於提高模擬量的解析精度。具體的調整方法如下：首先，調整電容Cb與增益K的值使得式(1)中的V45等於或接近Vm，V45與Vm的差值可以根據系統應用的不同而不同，同時，調整電容Cb與K的值使得式(2)中的V45’等於或接近Vh，V45’與Vh的差值可以根據系統應用的不同而不同。這樣調整以後，會使得式(3)的△V45能佔據(Vh-Vm)的大部分範圍，從而使得量化精度提高。It can be seen from the equations (1) and (2) that the variation range of ΔV45 can be changed by adjusting the values of the gain K and the adjustment capacitor Cb. Assume that the range of the analog-to-digital converter scale used for quantization is Vm~Vh. Then, for small signals, the most ideal case is that ΔV45 in (3) can occupy all or most of the range of (Vh-Vm), so that even small changes will quantify large differences, which is advantageous. Improve the resolution of the analog. The specific adjustment method is as follows: First, adjust the value of the capacitance Cb and the gain K such that V45 in the equation (1) is equal to or close to Vm, and the difference between V45 and Vm may be different according to the application of the system, and at the same time, the capacitance Cb is adjusted and The value of K makes V45' in equation (2) equal to or close to Vh, and the difference between V45' and Vh may vary depending on the system application. After such adjustment, ΔV45 of the equation (3) can occupy most of the range of (Vh - Vm), thereby improving the quantization accuracy.
在實際應用中，在檢測到有觸摸後，可先判斷觸控物件是手還是無源筆，具體可根據觸控覆蓋的感應電極的數量或觸控物件的特徵來確定，然後針對不同的觸控物件設置不同的調整電容Cb的電容值與增益K的值，以實現不同觸控物件的觸控位置的準確檢測。In practical applications, after detecting a touch, it may be determined whether the touch object is a hand or a passive pen, which may be determined according to the number of sensing electrodes covered by the touch or the characteristics of the touch object, and then for different touches. The control object sets different capacitance values of the adjustment capacitor Cb and the value of the gain K to accurately detect the touch position of different touch objects.
第7圖示出了本發明實施例的觸控檢測方法 流程圖。當感應電極上有觸控發生時，感應電極的電容會改變，這個改變量通過類比數位轉換器(ADC)轉換成數字量，就能恢復出觸控訊號，一般而言，電容改變量與感應電極被觸控遮蓋的面積相關。FIG. 7 shows a touch detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention flow chart. When a touch occurs on the sensing electrode, the capacitance of the sensing electrode changes. This amount of change is converted into a digital quantity by an analog digital converter (ADC), and the touch signal can be recovered. Generally, the capacitance change amount and the sensing amount. The electrodes are related to the area covered by the touch.
於本實施例，以下具體描述觸控位置的檢測方法。In this embodiment, a method of detecting a touch position is specifically described below.
驅動感應電極(步驟S701)；用電壓源或電流源驅動設置於電容式觸控螢幕襯底上的感應電極；調整測試精度(步驟S702)；根據觸控物件的不同，利用調整電容Cb調整感應電極的測試精度。Driving the sensing electrode (step S701); driving the sensing electrode disposed on the capacitive touch screen substrate with a voltage source or a current source; adjusting the test accuracy (step S702); adjusting the sensing by using the adjusting capacitor Cb according to different touch objects The accuracy of the electrode test.
檢測感應資料(步驟S703)；根據所設置的測試精度檢測感應電極的電壓或頻率或電量。The sensing data is detected (step S703); the voltage or frequency or the amount of power of the sensing electrode is detected according to the set test accuracy.
確定觸控位置(步驟S704)。The touch position is determined (step S704).
根據感應電極的電壓或頻率或電量等感應資料及被觸控的感應電極對應的座標，採用重心算法即可得到手指觸控位置的座標。例如，當一個觸控發生時，第2圖中的感應電極2a/2b/2c/2d被手指遮蓋，對應的感應資料分別為PT1，PT2，PT3，PT4，假設我們把橫座標定位x方向，縱座標定位y方向，且感應電極2a-2d所對應的坐標分別為x1,x2，x3，x4。則採用重心算法得到的手指觸控位置的座標是： Xtouch=(PT1*x1+PT2*x2+PT3*x3+PT4*x4)/(PT1+PT2+PT3+PT4)According to the sensing voltage or the frequency or the amount of electric energy of the sensing electrode and the coordinate corresponding to the touched sensing electrode, the coordinate of the finger touch position can be obtained by using the center of gravity algorithm. For example, when a touch occurs, the sensing electrodes 2a/2b/2c/2d in FIG. 2 are covered by the fingers, and the corresponding sensing data are PT1, PT2, PT3, and PT4, respectively, assuming that we position the horizontal coordinate in the x direction, The ordinate is positioned in the y direction, and the coordinates corresponding to the sensing electrodes 2a-2d are x1, x2, x3, and x4, respectively. The coordinates of the finger touch position obtained by the center of gravity algorithm are: Xtouch=(PT1*x1+PT2*x2+PT3*x3+PT4*x4)/(PT1+PT2+PT3+PT4)
這裡僅僅以一維重心算法示例，實際坐標由二維重心算法決定。Here only the one-dimensional center of gravity algorithm is used, and the actual coordinates are determined by the two-dimensional center of gravity algorithm.
本實施例中利用可調基準調整電容Cb可根據觸控物件的不同調整感應電極的測試精度，針對不同的觸控物件採用不同的測試精度檢測感應電極的電壓或頻率或電荷量，從而實現觸控位置的準確檢測。In this embodiment, the adjustable reference adjustment capacitor Cb can be used to adjust the test accuracy of the sensing electrode according to different touch objects, and different test objects are used to detect the voltage or frequency or the amount of charge of the sensing electrode for different touch objects, thereby achieving touch. Accurate detection of the control position.
對所公開的實施例的上述說明，使本領域技術人員能夠實現或使用本發明。對這些實施例的多種修改對本領域技術人員來說將是顯而易見的，本文中所定義的一般原理可以在不脫離本發明的範圍的情況下，在其它實施例中實現。因此，本發明不應被限制於所公開的這些實施例，而是要符合與本文所公開的原理和新穎特點相一致的最寬的範圍。The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments are obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
雖然本發明的技術內容已經以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神所作些許之更動與潤飾，皆應涵蓋於本發明的範疇內，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。Although the technical content of the present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications and refinements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are encompassed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims.
10‧‧‧觸控控制晶片10‧‧‧Touch Control Wafer
11‧‧‧電容式觸控螢幕11‧‧‧Capacitive touch screen
15‧‧‧光學膠15‧‧‧Optical adhesive
16‧‧‧襯底16‧‧‧Substrate
17‧‧‧異性導電膜17‧‧‧heteroconductive film
18‧‧‧覆蓋層18‧‧‧ Coverage
19‧‧‧感應電極19‧‧‧Induction electrodes
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