TWI477843B - Terahertz phase modulator - Google Patents
Terahertz phase modulator Download PDFInfo
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- TWI477843B TWI477843B TW101145537A TW101145537A TWI477843B TW I477843 B TWI477843 B TW I477843B TW 101145537 A TW101145537 A TW 101145537A TW 101145537 A TW101145537 A TW 101145537A TW I477843 B TWI477843 B TW I477843B
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Description
本發明係關於一種相位調變器，特別是關於一種針對兆赫波之波段下的相位調變器。The present invention relates to a phase modulator, and more particularly to a phase modulator for a band of megahertz waves.
液晶的應用廣範，在光學應用中除了顯示器外，也常被使用做為相位調變器。Liquid crystal applications are widely used in optical applications in addition to displays, and are often used as phase modulators.
隨著兆赫波領域的發展，近年來各種兆赫波段調變元件陸續地被研究和發明。在過去的研究中，即有利用向列型液晶製作相位調變器，由於向列型液晶具有較大的雙折射率(Birefringence)，藉由電場改變向列型液晶分子的方向性造成折射率變化以作為相位調變。With the development of the megahertz wave field, various megahertz modulation components have been researched and invented in recent years. In the past research, phase modulation was made using nematic liquid crystal. Since the nematic liquid crystal has a large birefringence, the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal molecules is changed by the electric field. Change as a phase modulation.
如圖1所示，為我國專利公告第583500號「利用磁場控制液晶雙折射現象之可調兆赫波相移器或相位延遲器」發明專利案，包含一液晶盒11、一組磁鐵12、一控制磁鐵角度之機構13及固定樣品之夾具。該磁鐵12可沿著旋轉軸14旋轉，提供一可改變方向的磁場15，進而改變該液晶盒11內的液晶分子排列，當兆赫波16的行徑方向17和偏振方向18如圖所示，其對應之液晶盒11之折射係數將隨磁場15角度角度改變而改變，其兆赫波16之等效光學路徑也 隨之改變，即提供一連續可調之相位延遲。As shown in FIG. 1 , it is an invention patent of "Adjustable Megahertz Phase Shifter or Phase Delayer Using Magnetic Field to Control Liquid Crystal Birefringence", and includes a liquid crystal cell 11, a set of magnets 12, and a The mechanism 13 for controlling the angle of the magnet and the fixture for fixing the sample. The magnet 12 is rotatable along the rotating shaft 14 to provide a magnetic field 15 which can change direction, thereby changing the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell 11. When the direction of the magnetic field 17 and the polarization direction 18 of the megahertz wave 16 are as shown, The refractive index of the corresponding liquid crystal cell 11 will change as the angular angle of the magnetic field 15 changes, and the equivalent optical path of the megahertz wave 16 is also A change is made to provide a continuously adjustable phase delay.
不過，由於利用磁場控制液晶雙折射現象的調變器在使用上必須考慮兆赫波的偏振方向，也就是說，兆赫波必須以特定偏振角度入射才有作用，特定偏振角度入射則無法進行相位調變，因此，利用向列型液晶作為相位調變器時需考慮入射光偏振方向，執行上仍有所不便。However, since the modulator that uses the magnetic field to control the birefringence of the liquid crystal must use the polarization direction of the megahertz wave in use, that is, the megahertz wave must be incident at a specific polarization angle, and the phase adjustment cannot be performed at a specific polarization angle incidence. Therefore, when the nematic liquid crystal is used as the phase modulator, the polarization direction of the incident light needs to be considered, and there is still inconvenience in execution.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種不必考慮兆赫波偏振方向的兆赫波相位調變器。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A primary object of the present invention is to provide a megahertz phase modulator that does not require consideration of the polarization direction of the megahertz wave.
為達上述之目的，本發明提供一種兆赫波相位調變器，該兆赫波相位調變器包含二基板、二電極層、多個墊片，及一膽固醇液晶。To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a megahertz phase modulator comprising a two substrate, a two electrode layer, a plurality of spacers, and a cholesteric liquid crystal.
每一基板具有一內表面，及一相對的外表面，該等基板相間隔且該等內表面相面對；該等電極層分別設置在該等基板的內表面；該等墊片疊置在該等電極層且共同形成一容置空間；該膽固醇液晶設置於該容置空間中。Each substrate has an inner surface and an opposite outer surface, the substrates are spaced apart and the inner surfaces are facing each other; the electrode layers are respectively disposed on inner surfaces of the substrates; the spacers are stacked on The electrode layers together form an accommodating space; the cholesteric liquid crystal is disposed in the accommodating space.
本發明之功效在於，利用膽固醇液晶在兆赫波段下的無偏振特性，調整膽固醇液晶螺距大小並控制電壓，使得在一個兆赫波段下即達到一個2π的相位調變，而可作為一成功的相位調變器；即本發明之相位調變器克服利用磁場或 電場進行向列型液晶相位調變會受限於兆赫波偏振角度的問題，進而改善過去使用向列型液晶作為相位調變器時需考慮入射光偏振方向所造成的不便。The invention has the advantages of utilizing the non-polarization property of the cholesteric liquid crystal in the megahertz band, adjusting the chrome liquid crystal pitch and controlling the voltage, so that a phase modulation of 2π is achieved in one megahertz band, and can be used as a successful phase modulation. a transformer; that is, the phase modulator of the present invention overcomes the use of a magnetic field or The phase change of the nematic liquid crystal by the electric field is limited by the polarization angle of the megahertz wave, thereby improving the inconvenience caused by the polarization direction of the incident light when the nematic liquid crystal is used as the phase modulator.
在本發明一實施例中，該等電極層之間形成一電壓，該電壓超過該膽固醇液晶的臨界電壓，使該膽固醇液晶的液晶分子呈垂直排列。In an embodiment of the invention, a voltage is formed between the electrode layers, the voltage exceeding a threshold voltage of the cholesteric liquid crystal, such that liquid crystal molecules of the cholesteric liquid crystal are vertically aligned.
在本發明一實施例中，該電壓為200伏特至1400伏特。In an embodiment of the invention, the voltage is between 200 volts and 1400 volts.
在本發明一實施例中，該膽固醇液晶是將一向列型液晶滲入一旋光劑。In an embodiment of the invention, the cholesteric liquid crystal penetrates a meristor liquid crystal into an optical rotatory agent.
在本發明一實施例中，該膽固醇液晶的螺距為4 um至20um。In an embodiment of the invention, the cholesteric liquid crystal has a pitch of 4 um to 20 um.
在本發明一實施例中，該容置空間的厚度小於5mm。In an embodiment of the invention, the accommodating space has a thickness of less than 5 mm.
在本發明一實施例中，每一墊片的厚度小於1mm。In an embodiment of the invention, each spacer has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
為了讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵、優點能更明顯易懂，下文將特舉本發明較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下。再者，本發明所提到的方向用語，例如「上」、「下」、「前」、「後」、「左」、「右」、「內」、「外」或「側 面」等，僅是參考附加圖式的方向。因此，使用的方向用語是用以說明及理解本發明，而非用以限制本發明。The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; Furthermore, the directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "upper", "lower", "before", "after", "left", "right", "inside", "outside" or "side" Face, etc., only refer to the direction of the additional schema. Therefore, the directional terminology used is for the purpose of illustration and understanding of the invention.
請參照第2圖所示，本發明一實施例之兆赫波相位調變器1主要包含二基板2、二電極層3、多個墊片4一膽固醇液晶5、二導接點6，及二絕緣膠體7，兆赫波係依路徑8穿透該相位調變器1，本發明將於下文逐一詳細說明上述各元件的細部構造、組裝關係及其運作原理。Referring to FIG. 2, the megahertz phase modulator 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes two substrates 2, two electrode layers 3, a plurality of spacers 4, a cholesteric liquid crystal 5, two conductive contacts 6, and two. The insulating colloid 7, the megahertz wave penetrates the phase modulator 1 according to the path 8, and the detailed structure, assembly relationship and operation principle of the above-mentioned respective components will be described in detail below.
每一基板2具有一內表面21，及一相對的外表面22，該兩基板2相間隔有一距離，且該等基板2之內表面21相面對，在本實施例中，該等基板2為透明的石英玻璃(Fused Silica)。Each of the substrates 2 has an inner surface 21 and an opposite outer surface 22. The two substrates 2 are spaced apart by a distance, and the inner surfaces 21 of the substrates 2 face each other. In this embodiment, the substrates 2 It is a transparent quartz glass (Fused Silica).
該等電極層3分別設置在該等基板2的內表面21，本實施例之電極層3係以電鍍的方式在該等基板2的內表面21形成有導電薄膜(Indium Tin Oxide，ITO)。The electrode layers 3 are respectively disposed on the inner surface 21 of the substrates 2, and the electrode layers 3 of the present embodiment are formed with an electroconductive thin film (ITO) on the inner surface 21 of the substrates 2 by electroplating.
該等墊片4疊置在該等電極層3中且共同形成一容置空間(未標示)，該膽固醇液晶5設置於該容置空間中，用以供兆赫波通過，其中，本實施例之墊片4係採用蓋玻片，每一蓋波片的厚度為1mm，該等基板2、電極層3、墊片4及膽固醇液晶5構成一液晶盒。The spacers 4 are stacked in the electrode layer 3 and form an accommodating space (not shown). The cholesteric liquid crystal 5 is disposed in the accommodating space for the passage of the megahertz wave. The spacer 4 is a cover glass, and each cover wave has a thickness of 1 mm. The substrate 2, the electrode layer 3, the spacer 4, and the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 constitute a liquid crystal cell.
該兩導接點6分別設置在該等電極層3，用以電性連接外部電源，該等絕緣膠體7覆蓋在該等電極層3及導接點6，用以固定該兆赫波相位調變器1整體結構以及使該等電極層3及導接點6與外界絕緣。The two conductive contacts 6 are respectively disposed on the electrode layer 3 for electrically connecting an external power source, and the insulating glue 7 covers the electrode layer 3 and the guiding point 6 for fixing the phase modulation of the megahertz wave. The overall structure of the device 1 and the electrode layers 3 and the contact points 6 are insulated from the outside.
要說明的是，當外加一偏壓時，該膽固醇液晶5之液晶分子會受偏壓所施加的力矩，將液晶分子方向趨向偏壓的方向排列。若外加偏壓較小，該膽固醇液晶5之液晶分子可能呈現指紋型排列(Fingerprint texture)，其液晶螺旋軸平行於該等基板2。若將膽固醇液晶5置於超過臨界電壓的強電場中，其螺旋狀結構將被解旋，膽固醇液晶5的液晶分子將順著電場方向排列，並且與該等基板2相垂直而形成垂直排列(Homeotropic texture)。當移去電場時，分子排列會進入垂直螺旋型排列(Focal conic texture)，膽固醇液晶5的螺旋軸將任意排列。It should be noted that when a bias voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 are subjected to a bias applied by a bias, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction in which the direction of the liquid crystal molecules is biased. If the applied bias voltage is small, the liquid crystal molecules of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 may exhibit a fingerprint pattern with a liquid crystal spiral axis parallel to the substrates 2. If the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 is placed in a strong electric field exceeding a critical voltage, its helical structure will be untwisted, and the liquid crystal molecules of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 will be aligned in the direction of the electric field and perpendicular to the substrates 2 to form a vertical alignment ( Homeotropic texture). When the electric field is removed, the molecular arrangement will enter a Focal conic texture, and the helical axes of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 will be arbitrarily arranged.
依據上述之結構，本發明之兆赫波相位調變器1在進行相位調變時，可藉由施加偏壓在該等電極層3，使該膽固醇液晶5的結構發生改變，由指紋型排列(Fingerprint texture)轉為垂直排列(Homeotropic texture)，以調整該膽固醇液晶5的折射率。According to the above configuration, the megahertz phase modulator 1 of the present invention can change the structure of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 by applying a bias voltage to the electrode layer 3 during phase modulation, by fingerprint type arrangement ( Fingerprint texture) is converted to a homeotropic texture to adjust the refractive index of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5.
也就是說，當該等電極層3尚未施加偏壓時，該膽固醇液晶5為垂直螺旋型排列(Focal conic texture)，由於該膽固醇液晶5之導軸隨機排列，兆赫波以任意偏振方向入射所看到的折射率會相當於液晶分子各方向上折射率的平均值。隨著增加該等電極層3的偏壓，該膽固醇液晶5之液晶分子逐漸拉直，當該等電極層3施加偏壓超過該膽固醇液晶5的臨界電壓，液晶分子即變成垂直排列(Homeotropic texture)，此時兆赫波以任意偏振方向入射所看到的折射率為n
=n o
，其中，臨界電場與螺距成反比，臨界電壓公式為：
一般膽固醇液晶5的螺距可設計在4 um至20um之間，而本實施例之膽固醇液晶5是利用加入旋光劑s811製成，其螺距為20um，因而可減少拉直液晶分子變成垂直排列(Homeotropic texture)所需的臨界電壓。Generally, the pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 can be designed to be between 4 um and 20 um, and the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 of the present embodiment is made by adding the optical s811 s811, and the pitch is 20 um, thereby reducing the straightening of the liquid crystal molecules into a vertical alignment (Homeotropic Texture) The required threshold voltage.
如圖3所示，BL006向列型液晶之膽固醇液晶的折射率變化dn =n -n o 介於0.064~0.071，在本實施中，該容置空間的厚度為5mm，能夠使兆赫波在1THz之相位調變超過2π 。As shown in FIG. 3, the refractive index change dn = n - n o of the cholesteric liquid crystal of the BL006 nematic liquid crystal is between 0.064 and 0.071. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the accommodating space is 5 mm, and the megahertz wave can be made at 1 THz. The phase modulation is more than 2 π .
請參閱圖4，為本發明之兆赫波相位調變器1分別於電極層3加入0V、700V、1400V等不同電壓，並且輸入不同偏振方向的兆赫波，由圖4中可發現在相同偏壓下，旋轉入射兆赫波的角度，所量測得之訊號強度皆為相同，此種特性在0V、700V、1400V等不同電壓下皆具有同樣的情形，因此可獲知兆赫波以任意偏振角度入射皆可進行相位調變。Referring to FIG. 4, the megahertz phase modulator 1 of the present invention adds different voltages such as 0V, 700V, and 1400V to the electrode layer 3, and inputs megahertz waves of different polarization directions. The same bias voltage can be found in FIG. Under the rotation angle of the incident megahertz wave, the measured signal intensity is the same. This characteristic has the same situation at different voltages such as 0V, 700V, 1400V, so it can be known that the megahertz wave is incident at any polarization angle. Phase modulation is possible.
請參閱圖5，為該等電極層3在輸入不同電壓(100V~1400V)下，兆赫波之頻率對於相位的改變量，其中，在不同頻率下的相位調變為線性變化，兆赫波1THz在輸入800V的範圍即可有超過2π 的調變量。如圖6所示，為各種頻率之兆赫波，其電極層3之輸入電壓對於相位改變量。Please refer to FIG. 5 , which is the change of the frequency of the megahertz wave to the phase at different input voltages (100V~1400V) of the electrode layer 3, wherein the phase modulation at different frequencies changes linearly, and the megahertz wave 1THz is Enter a range of 800V to have a modulation of more than 2 π . As shown in Fig. 6, for the megahertz waves of various frequencies, the input voltage of the electrode layer 3 is changed by the phase.
依據上述之設計，由於膽固醇液晶5因其螺旋特性，具有和入射光偏振方向無關的特性，在無外加偏壓時，兆赫波所看到的折射率為neffect ；在外加偏壓後，當偏壓大於臨界電壓之後，液晶分子開始逐漸被電壓拉直，導致兆赫波所看到的折射率改變，因而達到相位調變效果，因此利用將該膽固醇液晶5設置於該容置空間中，調整膽固醇液晶螺距大小並於該等電 極層3控制電壓，使得在一個兆赫波段下即達到一個2π的相位調變，進而可作為一成功的相位調變器；即本發明之相位調變器克服利用磁場或電場進行向列型液晶相位調變會受限於兆赫波偏振角度的問題，進而改善過去使用向列型液晶作為相位調變器時需考慮入射光偏振方向所造成的不便。According to the above design, since the cholesteric liquid crystal 5 has a characteristic independent of the polarization direction of the incident light due to its spiral characteristic, the refractive index seen by the megahertz wave is n effect without an applied bias voltage; After the bias voltage is greater than the threshold voltage, the liquid crystal molecules begin to be gradually pulled by the voltage, causing the refractive index seen by the megahertz wave to change, thereby achieving the phase modulation effect. Therefore, the condensed liquid crystal 5 is placed in the accommodating space to be adjusted. Cholesterol liquid crystal pitch size and control voltage in the electrode layer 3, so that a phase modulation of 2π is achieved in one megahertz band, and thus can be used as a successful phase modulator; that is, the phase modulator of the present invention overcomes utilization. The phase modulation of the nematic liquid crystal by the magnetic field or the electric field is limited by the polarization angle of the megahertz wave, thereby improving the inconvenience caused by the polarization direction of the incident light when the nematic liquid crystal is used as the phase modulator.
1‧‧‧相位調變器1‧‧‧ phase modulator
2‧‧‧基板2‧‧‧Substrate
21‧‧‧內表面21‧‧‧ inner surface
22‧‧‧外表面22‧‧‧ outer surface
3‧‧‧電極層3‧‧‧electrode layer
4‧‧‧墊片4‧‧‧shims
5‧‧‧膽固醇液晶5‧‧‧Cholesterol LCD
6‧‧‧導接點6‧‧‧Contact points
7‧‧‧絕緣膠體7‧‧‧Insulating colloid
8‧‧‧路徑8‧‧‧ Path
第1圖為我國發明專利第583500號「利用磁場控制液晶雙折射現象之可調兆赫波相移器或相位延遲器」結構的示意圖。Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tunable megahertz phase shifter or phase retarder using a magnetic field to control a liquid crystal birefringence phenomenon.
第2圖：本發明一實施例之兆赫波相位調變器之結構示意圖。Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a megahertz phase modulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖：本發明一實施例之向列型液晶之膽固醇液晶的頻率與折射率變化關係圖。Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the frequency and refractive index of a cholesteric liquid crystal of a nematic liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖：本發明一實施例之偏壓與不同偏振方向兆赫波的關係圖。Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the bias voltage and the megahertz wave of different polarization directions in an embodiment of the present invention.
第5圖：本發明一實施例於各偏壓下頻率與相位改變的關係圖。Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between frequency and phase change under various bias voltages according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第6圖：本發明一實施例於各頻率下電壓與相位改變的關係圖。Figure 6 is a graph showing the relationship between voltage and phase at each frequency in an embodiment of the present invention.
1‧‧‧相位調變器1‧‧‧ phase modulator
2‧‧‧基板2‧‧‧Substrate
21‧‧‧內表面21‧‧‧ inner surface
22‧‧‧外表面22‧‧‧ outer surface
3‧‧‧電極層3‧‧‧electrode layer
4‧‧‧墊片4‧‧‧shims
5‧‧‧膽固醇液晶5‧‧‧Cholesterol LCD
6‧‧‧導接點6‧‧‧Contact points
7‧‧‧絕緣膠體7‧‧‧Insulating colloid
8‧‧‧路徑8‧‧‧ Path
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| CN104950477B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-11-28 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of multi-channel terahertz ripple modulator approach and system |
| RU2625636C1 (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-07-17 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский технологический университет" | Terahertz radiation modulator |
| CN107942538A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-20 | 中国计量大学 | Automatically controlled THz wave amplitude controller |
| TWI673554B (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2019-10-01 | 國立清華大學 | Liquid crystal photoelectric apparatus and optical imaging processing system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI224224B (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2004-11-21 | Toshiba Corp | Color liquid-crystal display device |
| TW200912915A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-03-16 | Sony Corp | Recording and reproducing device, recording and reproducing method, recording device, recording method, reproducing device and reproducing method |
| EP2169448A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-03-31 | National Institute Of Information And Communication Technology | Optical waveform shaping device |
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- 2012-12-04 TW TW101145537A patent/TWI477843B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI224224B (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2004-11-21 | Toshiba Corp | Color liquid-crystal display device |
| EP2169448A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-03-31 | National Institute Of Information And Communication Technology | Optical waveform shaping device |
| TW200912915A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-03-16 | Sony Corp | Recording and reproducing device, recording and reproducing method, recording device, recording method, reproducing device and reproducing method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201423204A (en) | 2014-06-16 |
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