TWI470695B - 環狀碳矽烷介電膜 - Google Patents

環狀碳矽烷介電膜 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TWI470695B
TWI470695B TW100147132A TW100147132A TWI470695B TW I470695 B TWI470695 B TW I470695B TW 100147132 A TW100147132 A TW 100147132A TW 100147132 A TW100147132 A TW 100147132A TW I470695 B TWI470695 B TW I470695B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
dielectric film
film
substrate
cyclic
carbon
Prior art date
Application number
TW100147132A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TW201243947A (en
Inventor
David J Michalak
James M Blackwell
James S Clarke
Original Assignee
Intel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intel Corp filed Critical Intel Corp
Publication of TW201243947A publication Critical patent/TW201243947A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI470695B publication Critical patent/TWI470695B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02203Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being porous
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/0803Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
    • C07F7/081Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
    • C07F7/0812Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
    • C07F7/0816Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/18Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
    • C07F7/1804Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/14Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02112Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
    • H01L21/02123Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
    • H01L21/02126Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02109Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
    • H01L21/02205Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
    • H01L21/02208Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
    • H01L21/02214Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
    • H01L21/02216Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104Forming layers
    • H01L21/02107Forming insulating materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02225Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
    • H01L21/0226Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
    • H01L21/02282Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques, spray coating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/06Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
    • H01L29/0603Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by particular constructional design considerations, e.g. for preventing surface leakage, for controlling electric field concentration or for internal isolations regions
    • H01L29/0642Isolation within the component, i.e. internal isolation
    • H01L29/0649Dielectric regions, e.g. SiO2 regions, air gaps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/40Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)

Description

環狀碳矽烷介電膜
本發明一般係關於半導體加工和製造、積體電路、介電材料、層間介電材料、旋塗(spin-on)介電材料、及包含環狀碳矽烷之材料。
希望更小型的積體電路(IC)裝置能在建構IC裝置的技術和材料上提供更龐大的效能。通常,積體電路晶片亦被稱為微晶片、矽晶片、或晶片。IC晶片用於許多常見裝置,如電腦的微處理器、汽車、電視、CD播放器、和行動電話。多種IC晶片基本上建構在矽晶圓(一種薄矽盤,直徑例如300毫米)上且在加工之後,切離晶圓以製造獨立晶片。具有特徵尺寸約90奈米的1平方公分的IC晶片可包含上億個組件。目前的技術促使特徵尺寸甚至小於45奈米。
本發明之具體實施例提供用於積體電路之介電膜。環狀碳矽烷先質能夠提供介電常數低的膜,且環狀碳矽烷先質可用於半導體加工應用。根據本發明之具體實施例的介電膜可用於積體電路裝置的多種應用中。例如,此處描述的膜可作為介電膜、和低k介電膜、旋塗介電膜、層間介電膜(ILD)或金屬層間介電膜(IMD)、及蝕刻選擇層 。
圖1說明可作為用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的先質之環狀碳矽烷分子的直鏈低聚物。圖1中,R係官能基,例如,包含氫原子和1至10個碳原子或1至多個碳原子的烷基。此外,R亦可選擇性地包含氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、氯原子、和/或氟原子。官能基R係基團,例如,-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH2 CH3 )2 、-CH2 OCH3 、-CH2 CH2 OCH3 、和其他者。本發明之具體實施例中,R基團的尺寸比所選用的致孔劑分子的尺寸大但低於50%。圖1中,m係1至10的數字。本發明之具體實施例中,m是3至10的數字。m亦可能為其他數字,如較大的數字。此外,環狀碳矽烷分子中的碳原子(即,-CH2 -基團)中之一或二者任意地以氧原子代替。用以製造介電膜的碳矽烷低聚物組成物基本上係具有不同長度(環狀碳矽烷單元數目不同)的不同低聚物之混合物,因此m代表存在於混合物中之分子的平均低聚物長度。
圖2提供可作為用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的先質之環狀碳矽烷分子的低聚物之合成圖。環狀碳矽烷單體經交聯基予以官能化並於之後與碳矽烷單體交聯。雖然在圖2中,出示乙基(-Et)官能基,但亦可為其他烷基,例如 ,包含氫原子和1至10個碳原子或1至多個碳原子的烷基。此外,R亦任意地包含氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、氯原子、和/或氟原子。官能基R係基團,例如,-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH2 CH3 )2 、-CH2 OCH3 、-CH2 CH2 OCH3 、和其他者。本發明之具體實施例中,R基團的尺寸比所選用的致孔劑分子的尺寸大但低於50%。此外,環狀碳矽烷分子中的碳原子中之一或二者任意地以氧原子代替。圖2的反應圖(1)中,分子I(此情況中,1,3,5-三乙氧基-1,3,5-三甲基-1,3,5-三矽環己烷)先後與三級丁基鋰和Me2 SiHCl反應而形成分子II,其中環狀碳矽烷的環碳中之一者經矽烷化。分子II之後與分子I在B(C8 F5 )3 存在下反應以得到低聚物混合物,其中m係所用分子II的當量數,使得m=n-1。藉圖2的方法製得的環狀碳矽烷低聚物組成物通常是具有不同長度的不同低聚物之混合物,因此m代表混合物中之分子的平均低聚物長度。
圖3提供可用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜之其他的低聚型環狀碳矽烷先質。圖3的分子係支鏈低聚物。圖3中,R係官能基,例如,包含氫原子和1至10個碳原子或1至多個碳原子的烷基。此外,R亦任意地包含氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、氯原子、和/或氟原子。官能基R係基團,例如,-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH2 CH3 )2 、-CH2 OCH3 、-CH2 CH2 OCH3 、和其他者。本發明之具體實施例中,R基團的尺寸比所選用的致孔劑分子的尺寸大但低於50%。此外,環狀碳矽烷分子中的碳原子中之一或二者任意地以氧原子代替。其他具體實施例中,例如,1、2或3個經改質的環狀碳矽烷基環繞中央的環狀碳矽烷基。不同的低聚物可能包含不同數目的環狀碳矽烷基。
圖4說明用以合成支鏈低聚型環狀碳矽烷先質之方法。雖然在圖4中,出示乙基(-Et)官能基,但亦可為其他烷基,例如,包含氫原子和1至10個碳原子或1至多個碳原子的烷基。此外,R亦任意地包含氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、氯原子、和/或氟原子。官能基R係基團,例如,-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH2 CH3 )2 、-CH2 OCH3 、-CH2 CH2 OCH3 、和其他者。本發明之具體實施例中,R基團的尺寸比所選用的致孔劑分子的尺寸大但低於50%。此外,環狀碳矽烷分子中的碳原子中之一或二者任意地以氧原子代替。圖4中,出示樹枝狀環狀碳矽烷先質之兩種不同的合成方法。圖4中,分子Ia與三級丁基鋰反應而形成分子IIa。分子Ib與三當量的IIa反應而將分子縮合成分子III。或者,圖4中,分子Ib與三當量的分子IIb在SiMe2 HCl和B(C6 F5 )3 存在下在甲苯中反應而製造分子 III。
圖5A-C提供具有連結的致孔劑(製造孔隙的官能基)之其他有用的介電膜先質分子。圖5A中,環狀碳矽烷環包含一個經由鏈接基團L而鏈接至碳矽烷環的矽之致孔官能基X。圖5B中,環狀碳矽烷環包含兩個經由鏈接基團L而鏈接至碳矽烷環的矽原子之致孔官能基X。圖5C中,環狀碳矽烷環包含三個經由鏈接基團L而鏈接至碳矽烷環的矽原子之致孔官能基X。替代具體實施例中,環狀碳矽烷環的碳原子(即,-CH2 -基團)中之一或二者任意地以氧原子代替。本發明之具體實施例中,致孔官能基的尺寸(寬度、長度、和高度或直徑)由0.25奈米至2奈米。替代具體實施例中,致孔官能基的尺寸由0.25奈米至0.5奈米或由0.5奈米至5奈米。所得膜中的孔隙尺寸(寬度、長度、和高度或直徑,取決於孔隙形狀)由0.25奈米至2奈米(或由0.25奈米至0.5奈米或由0.5奈米至5奈米),此取決於所選用的致孔基。此外,致孔基分解(例如,藉熱、UV固化、或電子束固化),具有約100%揮發物產率(約略表示為80%±20%)。致孔官能基係,例如,環糊精、聚環氧乙烷、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、或聚-α-甲基苯乙烯。鏈接基係含氫和碳原子的含碳基團。鏈接基亦任意地含有氧原子。鏈接基包括基團,例如,例如,-CH2 -、-OCH2 -、-CH2 O-、-CH2 CH2 -、-CH2 OCH2 -、-CH2 (CH3 )CH2 -。圖5A-C中標示為R的官能基係包含氫原子和1至10個碳原子或1至多個碳原子的烷基。 此外R亦可任意地包含氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、氯原子、和/或氟原子。官能基R係基團,例如,-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH2 CH3 )2 、-CH2 OCH3 、-CH2 CH2 OCH3 、和其他者。本發明之具體實施例中,R基團的尺寸比所選用的致孔劑分子的尺寸大但低於50%。
圖6A-C提供具有連結的致孔劑(製造孔隙的官能基)之其他有用的介電膜先質分子。圖6A中,環狀碳矽烷環包含一個經由鏈接基團L而鏈接至碳矽烷環的碳之致孔官能基X。本發明的替代具體實施例中,環狀碳矽烷環的碳原子(即,-CH2 -基團)中之一或二者以氧原子代替。圖6B中,環狀碳矽烷環包含兩個經由鏈接基團L而鏈接至碳矽烷的碳原子之致孔官能基X。本發明的替代具體實施例中,環狀碳矽烷環的碳原子(即,-CH2 -基團)中之一者以氧原子代替。圖6C中,環狀碳矽烷環包含三個經由鏈接基團L而鏈接至碳矽烷環的碳原子之致孔官能基X。本發明之具體實施例中,致孔官能基的尺寸(寬度、長度、和高度或直徑)由0.25奈米至2奈米。替代具體實施例中,致孔官能基的尺寸由0.25奈米至0.5奈米或由0.5奈米至5奈米。所得膜中的孔隙尺寸(寬度、長度、和高度或直徑,取決於孔隙形狀)由0.25奈米至2奈米(或由奈米0.25至0.5奈米或由0.5奈米至5奈米),此取決於所選用的致孔基。此外,致孔基分解(例如,藉熱 、UV固化、或電子束固化),具有約100%揮發物產率(約略表示為80%±20%)。致孔官能基係,例如,環糊精、聚環氧乙烷、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、或聚-α-甲基苯乙烯。鏈接基係含氫和碳原子的含碳基團。鏈接基亦任意地含有氧原子。鏈接基包括基團,例如,例如,-CH2 -、-OCH2 -、-CH2 O-、-CH2 CH2 -、-CH2 OCH2 -、-CH2 (CH3 )CH2 -。圖5A-C中標示為R的官能基係包含氫原子和1至10個碳原子或1至多個碳原子的烷基。此外,R亦可任意地包含氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、氯原子、和/或氟原子。官能基R係基團,例如,-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 、-CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH3 )2 、-CH2 CH2 CH(CH2 CH3 )2 、-CH2 OCH3 、-CH2 CH2 OCH3 、和其他者。本發明之具體實施例中,R基團的尺寸比所選用的致孔劑分子的尺寸大但低於50%。
圖7提供鏈接至多個碳矽烷環的致孔劑分子。圖7中,致孔劑分子係包含六個連接的環狀碳矽烷之α環糊精分子。此具體實施例中,各個環狀碳矽烷連接至一個致孔劑分子。圖7之碳矽烷鏈接的致孔劑分子可藉,例如,令環糊精與約6當量圖2的分子II在B(C6 F5 )3 存在下在甲苯中反應而製得。
圖8說明例示環狀碳矽烷分子之酸或鹼催化的交聯反應。經由類似於圖8所示之酸或鹼催化的反應,圖1-7的液相碳矽烷膜先質成為固化的膜。圖8中,R係烷基官能 基,如圖1-6中任何者所描述之任一者。
圖9出示在基板上形成介電膜。圖9中,環狀碳矽烷先質係環狀碳矽烷單元的低聚物(圖9中的分子III),其與光酸生成劑(PAG)、光鹼生成劑(PBG)、已熱活化的酸生成劑(TAG)或已熱活化的鹼生成劑(TBG)混合,旋塗於基板表面(如半導體晶圓表面),並暴於熱或光以活化該製造酸或製造鹼的化合物。光酸生成劑或光鹼生成劑暴於光以(分別)製造酸或鹼,而已熱活化的酸生成劑或已熱活化的鹼生成劑暴於熱以(分別)製造酸或鹼。一旦製得酸或鹼物質,發生碳矽烷先質之交聯,且此膜固化。以此方式,製得介電膜和低k介電膜。根據圖1、3、5A-C、6A-C和7之環狀碳矽烷先質及彼等之混合物可以在圖9所描述的方法中形成介電膜。包含致孔劑的先質和包含非致孔劑的先質之混合物用以生成具有所欲孔隙度的膜。
通常,例示的光酸生成劑係二芳基錪和三芳基鋶鹽,其具有弱配位的平衡陰離子,例如三氟甲磺酸根離子、九氟丁磺酸根離子、六氟磷酸根離子、四氟硼酸根離子、對-甲苯磺酸根離子、和其他者。天然光酸生成劑的例子包括芳基磺酸系列者(如苯基三氟甲磺酸)和N-磺化的胺和醯亞胺系列者(如N-三氟甲磺酸馬來醯亞胺)。光微影和光聚合領域中常見之其他類型的化合物亦可用於本發明之具體實施例。光鹼生成劑的例子包括經光可分解的硝基苄基胺甲酸酯或其他胺甲酸酯基保護的胺。光微影和 光聚合領域中常見且可作為PAG和PBG之其他類型的化合物亦可用於本發明之具體實施例。藉由引入較不安定的取代基,前述光酸和光鹼生成劑亦可分別作為熱酸和熱鹼生成劑。例如,具有兩個芳基取代基和一個烷基取代基的鋶鹽可作為熱酸生成劑。此外,由於胺甲酸酯的熱不安定性傾向釋出CO2 ,常見的光鹼生成劑亦可作為膜中的熱鹼生成劑。含胺甲酸酯的TAG之典型溫度為介於200和400℃之間的溫度。但亦可使用其他光和熱活化的酸及光和熱活化的鹼生成劑。
圖10描述形成旋塗介電膜之方法。圖10中,聚合引發劑和低聚合的碳矽烷先質之混合物沈積在基板表面上。替代具體實施例中,聚合引發劑和低聚合的碳矽烷先質之混合物另包含與致孔劑鏈接的環狀碳矽烷。其他具體實施例中,混合物包含聚合引發劑和與致孔劑鏈接的環狀碳矽烷。本發明之具體實施例中,低聚物包含3至10個環狀碳矽烷單元。此聚合引發劑係光酸生成劑、光鹼生成劑、已熱活化的酸、和已熱活化的鹼。旋轉該基板以使得在膜先質混合物遍佈於基板表面。之後在光活化的引發劑的情況中,藉由令基板表面暴於光,或在熱活化的引發劑中藉由加熱該基板表面,而活化該聚合引發劑。環狀碳矽烷之聚合反應形成固化膜。
取決於所用的膜先質之組成,所得膜的孔隙度介於5%和60%之間。其他具體實施例中,所得膜的孔隙度介於25%和60%之間,介於35%和50%之間,或介於35%和 45%之間。通常,孔隙度係材料中之未佔用的空間(孔隙)之空間指標,且以材料之未佔用的空間體積相對於總體積的比作描述。所得膜中的孔隙尺寸係由0.25奈米至2奈米。替代具體實施例中,孔隙尺寸由0.25奈米至0.5奈米或由0.5奈米至5奈米。
此外,所得膜係疏水的。此處所謂的疏水是指該膜不會自大氣吸收或吸附顯著量水。本發明之具體實施例中,藉橢圓孔隙計在飽和H2 O的大氣中於室溫(20至23.5℃)測定,得知疏水性碳矽烷膜的吸水率低於5%(以膜取得的水體積相對於膜的總體積表示)。其他具體實施例中,藉橢圓孔隙計測得疏水性碳矽烷膜的吸水率低於3%或低於1%。
碳矽烷膜的介電常數(k)由1.6至3.5。其他具體實施例中,碳矽烷膜的介電常數(k)由1.6至3.0,或由1.6至2.5。介電常數值係使用CV點技術測定,其中膜沈積在高摻雜Si基板上且金屬點沈積在膜表面上。之後測定橫跨該膜的介電常數。
此外,根據本發明之具體實施例的膜之百分比組成範圍為45-60% C,25-35% Si,和10-20% O(原子%)。
根據本發明之具體實施例的膜具化學安定性。通常,化學安定性是指該膜明顯地具耐化學分解性。例如,當膜樣品置於0.5% HF溶液(23℃)、1.0% KOH(50℃)、15% TMAH(氫氧化四甲銨)(60℃)或30% H2 O2 (50℃)10分鐘時,根據本發明之具體實施例之化學安定的膜具 耐分解性。耐分解性是指觀察發現膜損耗10奈米或更少且折射率變化5%或更低。
通常,致孔劑分子或官能基係存在於先質膜中之能夠在最終膜中形成孔隙的分子或官能基。基本上,藉由加熱自最終膜移除致孔劑分子,但亦可使用其他方法。用於致孔劑移除之其他方法包括,例如,UV-固化或電子束固化。移除致孔劑之後,被致孔劑分子佔據的空間成為孔隙。
在上方配置用於構成IC電路晶片的裝置且配置有介電膜之基板係,例如,矽晶圓或矽的絕緣體(silicon-on-insulator)基板。矽晶圓係基本上用於半導體加工工業的基板,但本發明之具體實施例非取決於所用基板的類型。此基板亦可由例如鍺、銻化銦、碲化鉛、砷化銦、磷化銦、砷化鎵、銻化鎵、和/或其他第III-V族材料,單獨或與矽或二氧化矽或其他絕緣材料組合而構成。構成晶片的IC裝置建構於基板表面上。裝置任意地遍佈於基板表面和/或彼此堆疊。
通常,旋塗介電膜(SOD)係藉由將溶液旋塗以遍佈於表面及之後使溶液固化於表面上而製得的介電膜。膜的液體形式置於基板(如晶圓)中央。基板旋轉造成液態膜材料遍佈於晶圓表面。所得膜的厚度部分取決於液態膜的黏度。過量的液態膜材料經旋轉而自基板除去。
通常,低k介電材料係介電常數低於二氧化矽(SiO2 )的介電材料。二氧化矽的介電常數為3.9。低k介電材料於積體電路裝置之使用促進裝置尺寸的持續降低。雖然 多種材料的介電常數較SiO2 為低,但並非所有的材料均適合整合用於積體電路和積體電路製造方法。
層間介電膜(ILD)或金屬層間介電膜(IMD)係用於積體電路裝置中的金屬導體和裝置(如電晶體)之間的絕緣材料。
熟知相關技術者瞭解藉由揭示及所示和描述的各種組件之組合和替代方案,可能作出修飾和變化。此說明書中的“一個具體實施例”或“一具體實施例”是指關於該具體實施例之特別的特徵、結構、材料或特性含括於本發明的至少一個具體實施例中,但不一定是指它們存在於每一個具體實施例中。此外,在一或多個具體實施例中,特別的特徵、結構、材料或特性可以任何適當方式組合。可含括各種額外的層和/或結構和/或在其他具體實施例中可省略所述特徵。
圖1係用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的環狀碳矽烷先質。
圖2說明用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的環狀碳矽烷先質之合成方法。
圖3出示用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的其他環狀碳矽烷先質。
圖4說明用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的其他環狀碳矽烷先質之合成方法。
圖5A-C說明用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的環狀碳矽烷先質分子。
圖6A-C說明用以製造介電膜和低k介電膜的其他環狀碳矽烷先質分子。
圖7提供環狀碳矽烷連結的致孔劑分子。
圖8出示環狀碳矽烷分子之酸或鹼催化的聚合反應。
圖9說明製造介電膜和低k介電膜的合成圖。
圖10描述製造介電膜和低k介電膜之方法。

Claims (21)

  1. 一種裝置,其包含:基板,位於基板上的介電膜,其中該介電膜係由交聯的環狀碳矽烷所構成,其中環狀碳矽烷具有包含碳和矽的環結構,其中該介電膜具疏水性,及其中該介電膜包含介於45和60原子%之間的C、介於25和35原子%之間的Si、和介於10和20原子%之間的O。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置,其中該介電膜的k值係由1.6至2.5。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置,其中該基板另包含積體電路裝置的組件,且該介電膜係介於積體電路裝置的至少兩個組件之間。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置,其中該介電膜另包含已反應的光酸生成劑、已反應的光鹼生成劑、已反應之已熱活化的酸生成劑、或已反應之已熱活化的鹼生成劑。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置,其中該介電膜係多孔的,且該膜的孔隙度係在5%和60%的範圍內。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置,其中該介電膜係多孔的,且該膜的孔隙度係在35%和50%的範圍內。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5或6項之裝置,其中該介電膜的孔隙尺寸介於0.25奈米和2奈米之間。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第5或6項之裝置,其中該膜具化 學安定性。
  9. 一種裝置,其包含:基板,位於基板上的介電膜,其中該介電膜係由交聯的環狀碳矽烷所構成,其中環狀碳矽烷具有包含碳和矽的環結構,其中該介電膜係多孔的,且孔隙度係在25%至60%的範圍內,及其中該膜具化學安定性。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之裝置,其中該介電膜的孔隙尺寸介於0.25奈米和2奈米之間。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第9項之裝置,其中該介電膜的k值係由1.6至2.5。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項之裝置,其中該介電膜係多孔的,且該膜的孔隙度係在35%和50%的範圍內。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第9項之裝置,其中該介電膜包含介於45和60原子%之間的C、介於25和35原子%之間的Si、和介於10和20原子%之間的O。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第9項之裝置,其中該基板另包含積體電路裝置的組件,且該介電膜係介於積體電路裝置的至少兩個組件之間。
  15. 一種製造介電膜之方法,其包含:提供具有表面的基板,令包含環狀碳矽烷的低聚物(其中環狀碳矽烷具有包含碳和矽的環結構)和聚合引發劑(其中該聚合引發劑選自光酸生成劑、光鹼生成劑、已熱活化的酸生成劑、和已 熱活化的鹼生成劑)之混合物沉積在基板表面上,和令該基板暴於光或熱,造成光酸生成劑、光鹼生成劑、已熱活化的酸生成劑、或已熱活化的鹼生成劑活化,而製造酸或鹼,及造成該混合物固化,其中所形成的膜包含介於45和60原子%之間的C、介於25和35原子%之間的Si、和介於10和20原子%之間的O。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該低聚物包含3至10個環狀碳矽烷單元。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該環狀碳矽烷的低聚物係直鏈低聚物。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該環狀碳矽烷的低聚物係支鏈低聚物。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該混合物亦包含具有連結的碳矽烷之致孔劑(porogen)分子。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該方法亦包括在基板暴於光或熱之前,旋轉該基板以使得該混合物遍佈於基板表面。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第1項之裝置,其中該介電膜具疏水性,及其中疏水性膜在飽和H2 O的大氣中於室溫下攝取低於5體積%的水。
TW100147132A 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 環狀碳矽烷介電膜 TWI470695B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/978,385 US8441006B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 Cyclic carbosilane dielectric films

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW201243947A TW201243947A (en) 2012-11-01
TWI470695B true TWI470695B (zh) 2015-01-21

Family

ID=46314375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW100147132A TWI470695B (zh) 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 環狀碳矽烷介電膜

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US8441006B2 (zh)
TW (1) TWI470695B (zh)
WO (1) WO2012087750A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8441006B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2013-05-14 Intel Corporation Cyclic carbosilane dielectric films
TW201319299A (zh) * 2011-09-13 2013-05-16 Applied Materials Inc 用於低溫電漿輔助沉積的活化矽前驅物
US8968864B2 (en) * 2011-09-23 2015-03-03 Imec Sealed porous materials, methods for making them, and semiconductor devices comprising them
WO2016094769A1 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Aromatic hydrogenation catalysts and uses thereof
US9956541B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2018-05-01 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Methods of separating aromatic compounds from lube base stocks
US10022701B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2018-07-17 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Coating methods using organosilica materials and uses thereof
WO2016094861A1 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Olefin polymerization catalyst system comprising mesoporous organosilica support
WO2016094803A1 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Membrane fabrication methods using organosilica materials and uses thereof
US10544239B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2020-01-28 Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company Organosilica materials and uses thereof
WO2016094843A2 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Olefin polymerization catalyst system comprising mesoporous organosilica support
US10207249B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2019-02-19 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Organosilica materials and uses thereof
WO2016094848A1 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Organosilica materials for use as adsorbents for oxygenate removal
US10022700B2 (en) 2014-12-12 2018-07-17 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Organosilica materials and uses thereof
WO2016094820A1 (en) 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Adsorbent for heteroatom species removal and uses thereof
WO2017095397A1 (en) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-08 Intel Corporation Structures with fillable low-k materials based on cyclic carbosilane precursors
WO2017095431A1 (en) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 Intel Corporation Activation of protected cross-linking catalysts during formation of dielectric materials
WO2017095433A1 (en) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 Intel Corporation Liquid precursor based dielectrics with control of carbon, oxygen and silicon composition
US10195600B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2019-02-05 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Catalysts and methods of making the same
EP3468915A1 (en) 2016-06-10 2019-04-17 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Organosilica materials, methods of making, and uses thereof
US10179839B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2019-01-15 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Sulfur terminated organosilica materials and uses thereof
WO2018125201A1 (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 Intel Corporation Synthesis of polycarbosilanes and derivitization to high density sic fill material
CN111511465B (zh) 2017-12-21 2023-06-06 埃克森美孚科技工程公司 生产有机二氧化硅材料的方法及其用途
US10714604B2 (en) 2018-06-25 2020-07-14 Intel Corporation Quantum dot devices with multiple dielectrics around fins
JP6980624B2 (ja) * 2018-09-13 2021-12-15 株式会社Kokusai Electric 半導体装置の製造方法、基板処理方法、基板処理装置およびプログラム
US11499014B2 (en) 2019-12-31 2022-11-15 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Cureable formulations for forming low-k dielectric silicon-containing films using polycarbosilazane

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040137241A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-15 International Business Machines Corporation Patternable low dielectric constsnt materials and their use in ULSI interconnection

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080268177A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2008-10-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Porogens, Porogenated Precursors and Methods for Using the Same to Provide Porous Organosilica Glass Films with Low Dielectric Constants
US7384471B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2008-06-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Porogens, porogenated precursors and methods for using the same to provide porous organosilica glass films with low dielectric constants
US7355384B2 (en) 2004-04-08 2008-04-08 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus, method, and computer program product for monitoring and controlling a microcomputer using a single existing pin
US7071091B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2006-07-04 Intel Corporation Method of forming air gaps in a dielectric material using a sacrificial film
EP1799693A1 (en) * 2004-09-22 2007-06-27 Benjamin David Hatton Method of transformation of bridging organic groups in organosilica materials
US7947799B2 (en) * 2004-09-22 2011-05-24 Kai Manfred Martin Landskron High organic group content-periodic mesoporous organosilicas (HO-PMO's)
US7332445B2 (en) * 2004-09-28 2008-02-19 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Porous low dielectric constant compositions and methods for making and using same
US7892648B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2011-02-22 International Business Machines Corporation SiCOH dielectric material with improved toughness and improved Si-C bonding
US7135402B2 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-11-14 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. Sealing pores of low-k dielectrics using CxHy
JP2007045966A (ja) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-22 Fujifilm Corp 絶縁膜形成用組成物、絶縁膜、およびその製造方法
US20080009141A1 (en) 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 International Business Machines Corporation Methods to form SiCOH or SiCNH dielectrics and structures including the same
US20100200991A1 (en) 2007-03-15 2010-08-12 Rohan Akolkar Dopant Enhanced Interconnect
US20080223287A1 (en) 2007-03-15 2008-09-18 Lavoie Adrien R Plasma enhanced ALD process for copper alloy seed layers
US7888220B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2011-02-15 Intel Corporation Self-aligned insulating etchstop layer on a metal contact
US8441006B2 (en) 2010-12-23 2013-05-14 Intel Corporation Cyclic carbosilane dielectric films

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040137241A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-15 International Business Machines Corporation Patternable low dielectric constsnt materials and their use in ULSI interconnection

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Science, 302, 266(2003) page 266-269:"Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Containing Interconnected [Si(CH2)]3 Rings." *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012087750A1 (en) 2012-06-28
US20120161295A1 (en) 2012-06-28
US8441006B2 (en) 2013-05-14
US20130249049A1 (en) 2013-09-26
TW201243947A (en) 2012-11-01
US9070553B2 (en) 2015-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI470695B (zh) 環狀碳矽烷介電膜
CN102569179B (zh) 形成受控的空隙的材料和方法
KR101610978B1 (ko) 트윈 중합에 의하여 얻을 수 있는 저-k 유전체
Pai et al. Mesoporous silicates prepared using preorganized templates in supercritical fluids
JP4874614B2 (ja) 多孔質の低誘電率組成物並びにそれを作製及び使用するための方法
US20140004358A1 (en) Low k carbosilane films
EP1190422B1 (en) Nanoporous material fabricated using a dissolvable reagent
KR20080002856A (ko) 유전체 물질의 기상 처리
JP2004149714A (ja) 低誘電率非晶質シリカ系被膜形成用塗布液および該塗布液の調製方法
US11978657B2 (en) Filling openings by combining non-flowable and flowable processes
TWI575024B (zh) 用於形成二氧化矽層的組成物、二氧化矽層及電子裝置
TWI719069B (zh) 在介電材料的形成期間之受保護的交聯催化劑之活化技術
KR20210132038A (ko) 막 형성용 조성물 및 반도체 기판의 제조 방법
JP2005536026A (ja) ナノ多孔質材料およびその形成方法
WO2017095397A1 (en) Structures with fillable low-k materials based on cyclic carbosilane precursors
CN111944320B (zh) 用于形成二氧化硅层的组成物、二氧化硅层及电子装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees