TWI455445B - Power management system - Google Patents
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- TWI455445B TWI455445B TW101136249A TW101136249A TWI455445B TW I455445 B TWI455445 B TW I455445B TW 101136249 A TW101136249 A TW 101136249A TW 101136249 A TW101136249 A TW 101136249A TW I455445 B TWI455445 B TW I455445B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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Description
本發明係關於一種電源管理系統。The present invention relates to a power management system.
使用如汽油或柴油等之石化燃料之交通工具或發電機所造成的最大問題即為產生空氣污染,隨著環保意識的提升,以污染性較低之電池作為交通工具或發電機之動力來源,已為目前業界所極力發展之技術。由於交通工具及其他大型機具在驅動及操作上需要較大的電壓及電流,且多是使用交流電甚至是多相交流電來驅動,因而若以電池作為電源供應單元時,則需要將多個電池並聯及/或串聯連接,以增加電源供應單元的輸出電壓及/或電流,並且將之轉換成交流電甚至是多相交流電。The biggest problem caused by vehicles or generators using petrochemical fuels such as gasoline or diesel is the generation of air pollution. As environmental awareness increases, the use of less polluting batteries as a source of power for vehicles or generators, It has become a technology that is currently being developed by the industry. Since vehicles and other large-scale machines require large voltages and currents for driving and operation, and most of them are driven by alternating current or even multi-phase alternating current, if batteries are used as power supply units, multiple batteries need to be connected in parallel. And / or connected in series to increase the output voltage and / or current of the power supply unit and convert it into alternating current or even multi-phase alternating current.
由於電池因為其特性及殘餘電量等因素,在串聯使用時,需特別考量其匹配的狀況,才得以應用於串聯的場合。若在串聯使用時,因電池之間的殘餘電量不相等,則在充電時將容易使得殘餘電量較多之電池形成過充電而導致損壞,而殘餘電量較少之電池將難以完成充電。此外,在放電時,也容易因為各電池之間的特性差異及殘餘電量,而發生過放電的情形並造成電池的損壞。Since the battery is used in series because of its characteristics and residual power, it is necessary to specifically consider the matching condition before it can be applied to the series connection. If the residual power between the batteries is not equal when used in series, it will easily cause the battery with more residual power to be overcharged and cause damage when charging, and the battery with less residual power will be difficult to complete charging. Further, at the time of discharge, it is also easy to cause overdischarge due to the difference in characteristics between the batteries and the residual electric quantity, and cause damage to the battery.
因此,如何提供一種電源管理系統,使其能夠依據充電電壓、輸出電壓的需求或各電池模組的狀態,調整電源單元的連接組態,以便以交流電充電或使其輸出交流電或 多相交流電,同時又能夠有效保護電源單元,平衡充放電並避免損壞,已成為重要課題之一。Therefore, how to provide a power management system that can adjust the connection configuration of the power supply unit according to the charging voltage, the output voltage requirement or the state of each battery module, so as to charge or output AC power or Multi-phase AC, while effectively protecting the power supply unit, balancing charge and discharge and avoiding damage, has become one of the important topics.
有鑑於上述問題,本發明的目的為提供一種電源管理系統,能夠有效保護電源單元,並避免功率的損耗,同時又能夠依據充電電壓、輸出電壓的需求或各電池模組的狀態,調整電源單元的連接組態。In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a power management system capable of effectively protecting a power supply unit and avoiding power loss, and at the same time, adjusting a power supply unit according to a charging voltage, an output voltage requirement, or a state of each battery module. Connection configuration.
為達上述目的,依據本發明之一種電源管理系統,包括多個電源單元、至少一第一二極體、一控制單元及一第一極性切換單元。該等電源單元電性連接形成一電源單元串,各電源單元包括電池模組以及第一切換元件。電池模組、第一切換元件串聯連接形成一串聯模組。各第一二級體之一端分別與該等電源單元其中之一電性連接,且第一二極體之另一端連接至一第一共接點,形成一放電路徑。控制單元電性連接第一切換元件,依據控制訊號分別輸出第一切換訊號至各第一切換元件,分別控制各第一切換元件導通或截止。第一極性切換單元電性連接控制單元、第一共接點及電源單元串,並輸出第一操作電壓。控制單元輸出第一調整訊號至第一極性切換單元,控制第一操作電壓之極性,使第一操作電壓為交流電壓。To achieve the above objective, a power management system according to the present invention includes a plurality of power supply units, at least one first diode, a control unit, and a first polarity switching unit. The power supply units are electrically connected to form a power supply unit string, and each of the power supply units includes a battery module and a first switching element. The battery module and the first switching element are connected in series to form a series module. One end of each of the first diodes is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end of the first diode is connected to a first common junction to form a discharge path. The control unit is electrically connected to the first switching component, and outputs the first switching signal to each of the first switching components according to the control signal, and controls each of the first switching components to be turned on or off. The first polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the control unit, the first common contact and the power supply unit string, and outputs a first operating voltage. The control unit outputs the first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage such that the first operating voltage is an alternating voltage.
為達上述目的,依據本發明之一種電源管理系統包括多數個電源單元、至少一第二切換元件、至少一第三切換元件、一第一極性切換單元、一第二極性切換單元以及一 控制單元。該等電源單元係電性連接形成一電源單元串,各電源單元包括一電池模組、一第一切換元件,且電池模組及第一切換元件串聯連接形成一串聯模組。各第二切換元件之一端分別與該等電源單元其中之一電性連接,另一端連接至一第一共接點,形成一放電路徑。各第三切換元件之一媏分別與該電源單元其中之一電性連接,另一端連接至一第二共接點,形成另一放電路徑。第一極性切換單元與電源單元串、第一共接點電性連接,並輸出一第一操作電壓。第二極性切換單元與電源單元串、第二共接點電性連接,輸出一第二操作電壓。控制單元與該等第一切換元件、該等第二切換元件、該等第三切換元件、第一極性切換單元及第二極性切換單元電性連接,並依據一控制訊號分別輸出一第一切換訊號至各第一切換元件,分別控制各第一切換元件導通或截止,以控制各電池模組之放電,且控制單元並依據控制訊號分別輸出一第二切換訊號至各第二切換元件,分別控制各第二切換元件導通或截止,以控制第一共接點的放電電壓,且控制單元並依據控制訊號分別輸出一第三切換訊號至各第三切換元件,分別控制各第三切換元件導通或截止,以控制第二共接點的放電電壓,且控制單元輸出一第一調整訊號至第一極性切換單元,控制第一操作電壓之極性,且控制單元輸出一第二調整訊號至第二極性切換單元,控制第二操作電壓之極性。To achieve the above objective, a power management system according to the present invention includes a plurality of power supply units, at least one second switching element, at least one third switching element, a first polarity switching unit, a second polarity switching unit, and a control unit. The power supply units are electrically connected to form a power supply unit string. Each power supply unit includes a battery module and a first switching component, and the battery module and the first switching component are connected in series to form a series module. One end of each of the second switching elements is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected to a first common contact to form a discharge path. One of the third switching elements is electrically connected to one of the power supply units, and the other end is connected to a second common contact to form another discharge path. The first polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the first common contact, and outputs a first operating voltage. The second polarity switching unit is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the second common contact, and outputs a second operating voltage. The control unit is electrically connected to the first switching component, the second switching component, the third switching component, the first polarity switching unit, and the second polarity switching unit, and outputs a first switching according to a control signal. Signaling to each of the first switching elements, respectively controlling each of the first switching elements to be turned on or off to control discharge of each battery module, and the control unit respectively outputs a second switching signal to each of the second switching elements according to the control signal, respectively Controlling each of the second switching elements to be turned on or off to control the discharge voltage of the first common contact, and the control unit respectively outputs a third switching signal to each of the third switching elements according to the control signal, respectively controlling the conduction of each of the third switching elements Or cutting off to control the discharge voltage of the second common contact, and the control unit outputs a first adjustment signal to the first polarity switching unit to control the polarity of the first operating voltage, and the control unit outputs a second adjustment signal to the second The polarity switching unit controls the polarity of the second operating voltage.
承上所述,依據本發明之一種電源管理系統是藉由控制單元輸出一第一切換訊號至第一切換元件,以控制第一 切換元件導通或截止,並且藉由控制第一極性切換單元調整第一操作電壓的極性,從而使第一操作電壓為交流電壓,不僅如此,更可透過連接額外的切換元件或二極體,使得電源管理系統除提供放電外,亦可具備可被充電、保護電源單元或多相輸出等功能,以避免功率的損耗,同時又能夠依據充電電壓、輸出電壓的需求或各電池模組的狀態,調整電源單元的連接組態。According to the above, a power management system according to the present invention outputs a first switching signal to the first switching component by the control unit to control the first The switching element is turned on or off, and the first operating voltage is adjusted to be an alternating voltage by controlling the polarity of the first operating voltage by controlling the first polarity switching unit, and not only the connecting element or the diode is connected through the connection, so that the switching element or the diode is connected. In addition to providing discharge, the power management system can also be equipped with functions such as charging, protecting the power supply unit or multi-phase output to avoid power loss, and at the same time, depending on the charging voltage, the output voltage requirement or the state of each battery module. Adjust the connection configuration of the power supply unit.
以下將參照相關圖式,說明依本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統,其中相同的元件將以相同的參照符號加以說明。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A power management system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements will be described with the same reference numerals.
請參照圖1所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統1的示意圖。電源管理系統1包括多數個電源單元11A~11C、至少一第一二極體D1、一控制單元12以及一第一極性切換單元13。在本實施例中以三個為例,但在不同的實施例中,亦可為一個、二個或其他數量,本發明並不予以限定。Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 1 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 1 includes a plurality of power supply units 11A-11C, at least one first diode D1, a control unit 12, and a first polarity switching unit 13. In the present embodiment, three are taken as an example, but in different embodiments, one, two or other quantities may be used, and the invention is not limited thereto.
每一個電源單元11A~11C包括一電池模組B以及一第一切換元件SW1。電池模組B與第一切換元件SW1串聯連接形成一串聯模組。該等電源單元11A~11C是串聯連接,形成一電源單元串。各第一二極體D1的一端是分別與該等電源單元11A~11C其中之一電性連接,另一端是連接至一第一共接點。在本實施例中,各第一二極體D1 是以其陰極彼此電性連接,並連接至第一共接點。Each of the power supply units 11A-11C includes a battery module B and a first switching element SW1. The battery module B is connected in series with the first switching element SW1 to form a series module. The power supply units 11A to 11C are connected in series to form a power supply unit string. One end of each of the first diodes D1 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11A to 11C, and the other end is connected to a first common contact. In this embodiment, each of the first diodes D1 The cathodes are electrically connected to each other and connected to the first common junction.
在實施上,電池模組B包括一二次電池(secondary battery)、一電雙層電容器(electric double-layer capacitor)或可儲能/放電之元件或組合元件。另外,電池模組B亦可包括一光伏元件(photovoltaic cell)或燃料電池。換而言之,各電池模組B可以是包括一個或多個儲能/放電之元件或組合元件,其所包括的儲能/放電之元件或組合元件的數量,本發明並不予以限定。In practice, the battery module B includes a secondary battery, an electric double-layer capacitor, or an energy storage/discharge element or combination. In addition, the battery module B may also include a photovoltaic cell or a fuel cell. In other words, each battery module B may be an element or a combination element including one or more energy storage/discharge elements, and the number of energy storage/discharge elements or combination elements included therein is not limited in the present invention.
控制單元12是與電源單元11A~11C的第一切換元件SW1電性連接,依據一控制訊號Sc分別輸出一第一切換訊號S1至各第一切換元件SW1,分別控制各第一切換元件SW1導通或截止。控制訊號Sc可為一狀態訊號或一通訊訊號或一次序訊號或一回授訊號或前述訊號之任意組合,其中狀態訊號例如是各電池模組B的電力狀態,回授訊號例如是各電池模組B輸出電壓的電壓值,或代表第一共接點的電壓值的訊號,或第一操作電壓V1的電壓值的訊號,或是由其他控制器傳來的訊號等。The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the first switching element SW1 of the power supply units 11A to 11C, and outputs a first switching signal S1 to each of the first switching elements SW1 according to a control signal Sc, respectively controlling the first switching elements SW1 to be turned on. Or deadline. The control signal Sc can be a status signal or a communication signal or an order signal or a feedback signal or any combination of the foregoing signals. The status signal is, for example, the power status of each battery module B, and the feedback signal is, for example, a battery module. The voltage value of the output voltage of the group B, or the signal representing the voltage value of the first common contact, or the signal of the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1, or a signal transmitted by another controller.
第一極性切換單元13是與電源單元串及控制單元12電性連接,更具體來說第一極性切換單元13與電源單元串的連接點是電源單元串的一端。第一極性切換單元13輸出一第一操作電壓V1,且第一極性切換單元13接收控制單元12輸出的一第一調整訊號Sp1,以調整第一操作電壓之極性,使得輸出的第一操作電壓V1是一交流電壓。The first polarity switching unit 13 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string and the control unit 12, and more specifically, the connection point of the first polarity switching unit 13 and the power supply unit string is one end of the power supply unit string. The first polarity switching unit 13 outputs a first operating voltage V1, and the first polarity switching unit 13 receives a first adjustment signal Sp1 output by the control unit 12 to adjust the polarity of the first operating voltage, so that the first operating voltage is output. V1 is an alternating voltage.
於本實施例中,是以三個電源單元11A~11C,各電 池模組B為一1.5伏特的電池為例進行說明,然而在實際運用上,將可以使用其他數量之電源單元進行搭配運用。此外,為方便說明,以下將以第一級電源單元、第二級電源單元及第三級電源單元分別稱呼圖1所示之由下至上的電源單元11A~11C,但須注意的是,此處所指之上、下,乃是針對圖1所示之對應位置而言,非用以限定本發明。In this embodiment, three power supply units 11A to 11C are used. The pool module B is a 1.5 volt battery as an example. However, in practice, other power supply units can be used in combination. In addition, for convenience of explanation, the first-stage power supply unit, the second-stage power supply unit, and the third-stage power supply unit will be referred to as the bottom-up power supply units 11A to 11C shown in FIG. 1 respectively, but it should be noted that this is The above is referred to as the corresponding position shown in FIG. 1 and is not intended to limit the present invention.
請參照圖2並搭配圖1所示,以進一步針對電源管理系統1的工作原理進行更具體的說明。其中,圖2係為應用前述之電源管理系統1所輸出的第一操作電壓V1的波形圖。Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 1 together to further explain the working principle of the power management system 1 . 2 is a waveform diagram of the first operating voltage V1 output by the power management system 1 described above.
當時間介於0~T1:控制單元12輸出的第一切換控制訊號S1分別控制第一級電源單元11A的第一切換元件SW1、第二級電源單元11B的第一切換元件SW1及第三級電源單元11C的第一切換元件SW1皆截止,因而無電源單元於此時段進行放電,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為0伏特。When the time is between 0 and T1: the first switching control signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A, the first switching element SW1 and the third level of the second-stage power supply unit 11B, respectively. The first switching element SW1 of the power supply unit 11C is turned off, so that no power supply unit discharges during this period, and thus the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 0 volts in this time period.
當時間介於T1~T2:控制單元12輸出的第一切換控制訊號S1分別控制第一級電源單元11A的第一切換元件SW1導通、第二級電源單元11B的第一切換元件SW1及第三級電源單元11C的第一切換元件SW1截止,使得只有第一級電源單元11A於此時段進行放電,控制單元12並輸出第一調整訊號Sp1控制第一極性切換單元13以正極性輸出第一操作電壓V1,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為1.5伏特。When the time is between T1 and T2: the first switching control signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A to be turned on, the first switching element SW1 and the third of the second-stage power supply unit 11B, respectively. The first switching element SW1 of the stage power supply unit 11C is turned off, so that only the first stage power supply unit 11A discharges during this period, and the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operation with positive polarity. Voltage V1, then the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 1.5 volts during this time period.
當時間介於T2~T3:控制單元12輸出的第一切換訊號S1分別控制第一級電源單元11A的第一切換元件SW1及第二級電源單元11B的第一切換元件SW1導通、第三級電源單元11C的第一切換元件SW1截止,使得第一級電源單元11A的電池模組B及第二級電源單元11B同時於此時段進行放電,控制單元12並輸出第一調整訊號Sp1控制第一極性切換單元13以正極性輸出第一操作電壓V1,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為3伏特。When the time is between T2 and T3, the first switching signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A and the first switching element SW1 of the second-stage power supply unit 11B to be turned on, and the third stage. The first switching element SW1 of the power supply unit 11C is turned off, so that the battery module B and the second-stage power supply unit 11B of the first-stage power supply unit 11A are simultaneously discharged during the period, and the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first. The polarity switching unit 13 outputs the first operating voltage V1 with a positive polarity, so that the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 3 volts in this time zone.
當時間介於T3~T4:控制單元12輸出的第一切換訊號S1分別控制第一級電源單元11A的第一切換元件SW1、第二級電源單元11B的第一切換元件SW1及第三級電源單元11C的第一切換元件SW1皆導通,使得第一級電源單元11A、第二級電源單元11B及第三級電源單元11C於此時段進行放電,控制單元12並輸出第一調整訊號Sp1控制第一極性切換單元13以正極性輸出第一操作電壓V1,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為4.5伏特。When the time is between T3 and T4: the first switching signal S1 outputted by the control unit 12 controls the first switching element SW1 of the first-stage power supply unit 11A, the first switching element SW1 of the second-stage power supply unit 11B, and the third-stage power supply, respectively. The first switching element SW1 of the unit 11C is turned on, so that the first-stage power supply unit 11A, the second-stage power supply unit 11B, and the third-stage power supply unit 11C are discharged during the period, and the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1. The one polarity switching unit 13 outputs the first operating voltage V1 with a positive polarity, so that the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is 4.5 volts at this time period.
當時間介於T4~T5,各切換元件的工作情況是與時間介於T2~T3相同;當時間介於T5~T6,各切換元件的工作情況與時間介於T1~T2相同;時間介於T6~T7,各切換元件的工作情況與時間介於0~T1相同,請分別參考前述之相關說明,於此不再贅述。When the time is between T4 and T5, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time from T2 to T3; when the time is between T5 and T6, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time from T1 to T2; T6~T7, the working condition and time of each switching component are the same as 0~T1. Please refer to the related descriptions above, and will not repeat them here.
當時間介於T7~T8:與時間介於T1~T2大致相同, 不同的是,控制單元12輸出第一調整訊號Sp1控制第一極性切換單元13以負極性輸出第一操作電壓V1,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為-1.5伏特,其餘相同的部份請參考前述之相關說明,於此不再贅述。值得一提的是,控制單元12例如是依據一切換元件狀態表,以決定此時的第一操作電壓V1的極性應為正或負,而輸出第一調整訊號Sp1至第一極性切換單元13,當然,控制單元12亦可透過偵測第一操作電壓V1的電壓值,取得輸出端的電壓波形,並依需求改變第一切換訊號S1及第一調整訊號Sp1,調整第一極性切換單元13的輸出電壓,並將之由正切換為負或由負切換為正。When the time is between T7 and T8: it is about the same as the time between T1 and T2. The difference is that the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operating voltage V1 with a negative polarity, so that the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1 is -1.5 volts in this time zone, and the rest For the same part, please refer to the related descriptions above, and I will not repeat them here. It is to be noted that, for example, the control unit 12 determines whether the polarity of the first operating voltage V1 at this time should be positive or negative according to a switching component state table, and outputs the first adjusting signal Sp1 to the first polarity switching unit 13 . The control unit 12 can also obtain the voltage waveform of the output terminal by detecting the voltage value of the first operating voltage V1, and change the first switching signal S1 and the first adjustment signal Sp1 according to the requirement, and adjust the first polarity switching unit 13 Output the voltage and switch it from positive to negative or from negative to positive.
當時間介於T8~T9:與時間介於T2~T3大致相同,不同的是,控制單元12輸出第一調整訊號Sp1控制第一極性切換單元13以負極性輸出第一操作電壓V1,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為-3伏特,其餘相同的部份請參考前述之相關說明,於此不再贅述。When the time is between T8 and T9: the time is between T2 and T3. The difference is that the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operating voltage V1 with a negative polarity. The voltage value of an operating voltage V1 is -3 volts in this time zone. For the rest of the same parts, please refer to the related description above, and details are not described herein again.
當時間介於T9~T10:與時間介於T3~T4大致相同,不同的是,控制單元12輸出第一調整訊號Sp1控制第一極性切換單元13以負極性輸出第一操作電壓V1,於是第一操作電壓V1的電壓值在此時間區段為-4.5伏特,其餘相同的部份請參考前述之相關說明,於此不再贅述。When the time is between T9 and T10: the time is between T3 and T4. The difference is that the control unit 12 outputs the first adjustment signal Sp1 to control the first polarity switching unit 13 to output the first operating voltage V1 with a negative polarity. The voltage value of an operating voltage V1 is -4.5 volts in this time zone. For the rest of the same parts, please refer to the related descriptions above, and details are not described herein again.
當時間介於T10~T11,各切換元件的工作情況是與時間介於T8~T9相同;當時間介於T11~T12,各切換元件的工作情況是與時間介於T7~T8相同,請參考前述之相 關說明,於此不再贅述。When the time is between T10 and T11, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time from T8 to T9; when the time is between T11 and T12, the working condition of each switching component is the same as the time between T7 and T8, please refer to The aforementioned phase The description is not repeated here.
換而言之,電源管理系統1透過控制單元12控制參與放電的電源單元的數量,並控制第一極性切換單元13以調整輸出的第一操作電壓V1的極性,使第一操作電壓V1為交流電壓,進而提供予一負載(圖未繪示),作為交流電源輸入。In other words, the power management system 1 controls the number of power supply units participating in the discharge through the control unit 12, and controls the first polarity switching unit 13 to adjust the polarity of the output first operating voltage V1 so that the first operating voltage V1 is an alternating current. The voltage, in turn, is supplied to a load (not shown) as an AC power input.
需要特別注意的是,前述波形圖僅為舉例而已,電源管理系統1並非限於提供與前述波形相同之輸出,在實際運用上,各級電源單元11A~11C參與放電的時間可依據不同負載對第一操作電壓V1的需求或其他應用上的考量例如基於保護電池模組B或延長整體系統壽命之目的,而透過控制單元12進行調整與控制,舉例來說,各級電源單元11A~11C的電池模組B的輸出電壓有所不同,例如各級電源單元11A~11C的電池模組B的輸出電壓分別為8V、4V、2V;或者各個時間區段不完全相等,例如時間區段0~T1是小於時間區段T1~T2等,本發明並不加以限定。It should be noted that the foregoing waveform diagram is only an example. The power management system 1 is not limited to providing the same output as the foregoing waveform. In actual operation, the time of the power supply units 11A to 11C participating in the discharge may be different according to different loads. The demand for an operating voltage V1 or other application considerations is based, for example, on the purpose of protecting the battery module B or extending the overall system life, and is adjusted and controlled by the control unit 12, for example, the batteries of the power units 11A to 11C of each stage. The output voltage of the module B is different. For example, the output voltages of the battery modules B of the power supply units 11A to 11C are 8V, 4V, and 2V, respectively; or the time segments are not completely equal, for example, the time segment 0~T1. It is smaller than the time zone T1 to T2 and the like, and the present invention is not limited.
請參照圖3A及圖3B所示,其係為本發明較佳實施例之電源管理系統的第一切換元件,於實際應用上的不同實施態樣。如圖3A所示,第一切換元件SW1a為一N型場效應電晶體(N-MOSFET),又如圖3B所示,第一切換元件SW1b為一P型場效應電晶體(P-MOSFET)。Please refer to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B , which are different implementations of the first switching component of the power management system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3A, the first switching element SW1a is an N-type field effect transistor (N-MOSFET), and as shown in FIG. 3B, the first switching element SW1b is a P-type field effect transistor (P-MOSFET). .
另外,電源單元11中的電池模組B、第一切換元件SW1及第一二極體D1在連接方式亦可有不同的變化,如 圖3C所示,前述之元件係可改變其連接順序改變,而工作原理則並無二致。In addition, the battery module B, the first switching element SW1, and the first diode D1 in the power unit 11 may have different changes in connection manner, such as As shown in Fig. 3C, the aforementioned components can change the order of connection, and the working principle is the same.
請參照圖4A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2的示意圖。電源管理系統2與電源管理系統1大致相同,不同的是,基於降低第一操作電壓的諧波失真(harmonic distortion)之目的,電源管理系統2更可包括一濾波單元14電性連接第一極性切換單元13。濾波單元14例如是包括電感元件、電容元件、電阻元件或其組合。至於其餘相關技術特徵及工作原理則與電源管理系統1無異,於此不再贅述。Please refer to FIG. 4A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2 is substantially the same as the power management system 1, except that the power management system 2 further includes a filtering unit 14 electrically connected to the first polarity for the purpose of reducing harmonic distortion of the first operating voltage. Switching unit 13. The filtering unit 14 includes, for example, an inductance element, a capacitance element, a resistance element, or a combination thereof. As for the remaining related technical features and working principles, it is no different from the power management system 1, and will not be described here.
請參照圖4B所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統3的示意圖。電源管理系統3與電源管理系統2的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,於電源管理系統3中,該等電源單元31的第一二極體D1是以陽極彼此電性連接,並連接至第一共接點,而非陰極,此外,第一極性切換單元13與電源單元串的連接點為電源單元串的另一端,而與電源管理系統2有所不同,然其餘相關技術特徵及工作原理則與電源管理系統2無異,故不再贅述。Please refer to FIG. 4B, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 3 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 3 and the power management system 2 have substantially the same circuit architecture. The difference is that in the power management system 3, the first diodes D1 of the power supply units 31 are electrically connected to each other by an anode, and are connected to the first A total of contacts, not a cathode, in addition, the connection point of the first polarity switching unit 13 and the power supply unit string is the other end of the power supply unit string, and is different from the power management system 2, but the remaining related technical features and working principle It is no different from the power management system 2, so it will not be described again.
於此必須說明的是,爾後所述的實施例中以電源管理系統2或電源管理系統3為基礎進行變化者,其中所包括的濾波單元14旨在減少第一操作電壓V1的諧波,以使各實施例達到較佳之功效,而非各實施例達成最低功效所需之必要元件,意即,即便不包括濾波單元14,亦不影響各實施例於實際運用上之可實施性。It must be noted here that the embodiment described later is based on the power management system 2 or the power management system 3, wherein the filtering unit 14 is included to reduce the harmonics of the first operating voltage V1. The embodiments achieve better performance, rather than the necessary components required to achieve the minimum efficacy of the various embodiments, that is, even if the filtering unit 14 is not included, the practical implementation of the embodiments is not affected.
請參照圖4C所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2a的示意圖。與電源管理系統2不同的是,各電源單元11a更包括一第二二極體D2。第二二極體D2與電池模組B及第一切換元件SW1形成的串聯模組並聯連接,提供一放電旁通路徑。當控制單元12經由控制訊號Sc發現某一電池模組B即將耗盡無法繼續放電時,便可透過對應之S1訊號將第一切換元件SW1截止,停止該電池模組B的放電,此時其他電池模組B將經由第二二極體D2之放電電流旁通路徑繼續放電。Please refer to FIG. 4C, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2a according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Different from the power management system 2, each power unit 11a further includes a second diode D2. The second diode D2 is connected in parallel with the series module formed by the battery module B and the first switching element SW1 to provide a discharge bypass path. When the control unit 12 finds that a certain battery module B is about to be exhausted and cannot continue to discharge via the control signal Sc, the first switching element SW1 can be turned off by the corresponding S1 signal to stop the discharge of the battery module B. The battery module B will continue to discharge via the discharge current bypass path of the second diode D2.
請參照圖4D所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2b的示意圖。與電源管理系統2不同的是,電源管理系統2b更包括至少一第二二極體D2以及一第二極性切換單元17,此外,電源管理系統2b包括四個電源單元11串聯連接。在本實施例中,第二二極體D2的數量以四個為例進行說明,但在不同的實施例中,第二二極體D2的數量也可為一個、兩個或其他數量,本發明於此並不予以限定。Please refer to FIG. 4D, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2b according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Different from the power management system 2, the power management system 2b further includes at least one second diode D2 and a second polarity switching unit 17. Further, the power management system 2b includes four power supply units 11 connected in series. In this embodiment, the number of the second diodes D2 is exemplified by four, but in different embodiments, the number of the second diodes D2 may also be one, two or other quantities. The invention is not limited thereto.
各第二二極體D2的一端是分別與該等電源單元11其中之一電性連接,另一端是連接至一第二共接點,在本實施例中,各第二二極體是以陽極彼此電性連接,並連接至第二共接點。第二極性切換單元17與電源單元串、第二共接點及控制單元12電性連接,並輸出一第二操作電壓V2。第二操作電壓V2是一交流電壓,第二極性切換單元17是依據控制單元12所輸出之一第二調整訊號Sp2,控 制第二操作電壓V2之極性。此外,電源管理系統2b更可包括一第二切換元件SW2電性連接於電源單元串及第二極性切換單元17之間,同時電性連接控制單元12,第二切換元件SW2是依據控制單元12輸出的一第二切換訊號S2導通或截止。One end of each of the second diodes D2 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11 and the other end is connected to a second common contact. In this embodiment, each of the second diodes is The anodes are electrically connected to each other and to the second common junction. The second polarity switching unit 17 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact, and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2. The second operating voltage V2 is an alternating current voltage, and the second polarity switching unit 17 is controlled according to one of the second adjusting signals Sp2 output by the control unit 12. The polarity of the second operating voltage V2 is made. In addition, the power management system 2b may further include a second switching element SW2 electrically connected between the power supply unit string and the second polarity switching unit 17, and electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the second switching element SW2 is according to the control unit 12. The output second switching signal S2 is turned on or off.
舉例來說,當第一切換元件SW1B、SW1C、SW1D及第二切換元件SW2導通,第一切換元件SW1A截止,第一操作電壓V1是等於第一切換元件SW1B、SW1C、SW1D對應的電池模組B的電壓總和,而第二操作電壓V2是等於第一切換元件SW1A對應的電池模組B的電壓;當第一切換元件SW1A、SW1C、SW1D及第二切換元件SW2導通,第一切換元件SW1B截止,第一操作電壓V1是等於第一切換元件SW1C、SW1D對應的電池模組B的電壓總和,而第二操作電壓V2是等於第一切換元件SW1A、SW1B對應的電池模組B的電壓總和,以此類推。換而言之,透過控制第一切換元件SW1A~SW1D及第二切換元件SW2的導通或截止,可藉以控制第一操作電壓V1及第二操作電壓V2的輸出,例如是令第一操作電壓V1的相位與第二操作電壓V2的相位相差90度。For example, when the first switching elements SW1B, SW1C, and SW1D and the second switching element SW2 are turned on, the first switching element SW1A is turned off, and the first operating voltage V1 is equal to the battery module corresponding to the first switching elements SW1B, SW1C, and SW1D. The sum of the voltages of B, and the second operating voltage V2 is equal to the voltage of the battery module B corresponding to the first switching element SW1A; when the first switching elements SW1A, SW1C, SW1D and the second switching element SW2 are turned on, the first switching element SW1B The first operating voltage V1 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the battery modules B corresponding to the first switching elements SW1C and SW1D, and the second operating voltage V2 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the battery modules B corresponding to the first switching elements SW1A and SW1B. And so on. In other words, by controlling the on or off of the first switching elements SW1A SW1 and SW1D and the second switching element SW2, the output of the first operating voltage V1 and the second operating voltage V2 can be controlled, for example, the first operating voltage V1. The phase is different from the phase of the second operating voltage V2 by 90 degrees.
請參照圖4E所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2a1 的示意圖。電源管理系統2a1 與電源管理系統2a大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2a1 更包括至少一第二切換元件SW2,與第一二極體D1串聯連接,且控制單元12依據控制訊號Sc輸出一第二切換訊號S2,以控 制第二切換元件SW2導通或截止,藉以控制第二切換元件SW2與第一二極體D1所提供的放電電流路徑通路或斷路。需要特別注意的是,基於第一二極體D1的數量的不同,第二切換元件SW2的數量也會對應改變,故本實施例雖以三個第二切換元件SW2為例,但在不同的實施例中,第二切換元件SW2的數量亦可為一個、二個或其他數量,本發明並不予以限定。Referring to FIG. 4E, the present invention which diagram of a preferred embodiment of the power management system 2a 1 embodiment. The power management system 2a 1 is substantially the same as the power management system 2a. The power management system 2a 1 further includes at least one second switching element SW2 connected in series with the first diode D1, and the control unit 12 is based on the control signal Sc. A second switching signal S2 is output to control the second switching element SW2 to be turned on or off, thereby controlling the discharge current path path or the disconnection provided by the second switching element SW2 and the first diode D1. It should be noted that, depending on the number of the first diodes D1, the number of the second switching elements SW2 also changes correspondingly. Therefore, in this embodiment, the three second switching elements SW2 are taken as an example, but different. In the embodiment, the number of the second switching elements SW2 may also be one, two or other numbers, which is not limited in the present invention.
除此之外,各電池模組B更具有不同的電量飽和值,而使得電源管理系統2a1 可透過組合具有不同電量飽和值的電池模組B,獲得更多樣化的輸出電壓波形。In addition, each battery module B has different power saturation values, so that the power management system 2a 1 can obtain a more diverse output voltage waveform by combining the battery modules B having different power saturation values.
請參照圖4F所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2a2 的示意圖。電源管理系統2a2 與電源管理系統2a1 大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2a2 具有雙相輸出,其更包括至少一第三切換元件SW3、至少一第三二極體D3以及一第二極性切換單元17。Please refer to FIG. 4F, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2a 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2a 2 is substantially the same as the power management system 2a 1 except that the power management system 2a 2 has a dual-phase output, and further includes at least a third switching element SW3, at least one third diode D3, and a first The two-polarity switching unit 17.
各第三切換元件SW3是分別與該等電源單元11a其中之一電性連接,第三切換元件SW3並與控制單元12電性連接,且依據控制單元12所輸出一第三切換訊號S3導通或截止。Each of the third switching elements SW3 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11a, and the third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and is turned on according to a third switching signal S3 output by the control unit 12 or cutoff.
各第三二極體D3是分別與第三切換元件SW3其中之一串聯連接,且連接至一第二共接點,提供一放電電流路徑。Each of the third diodes D3 is connected in series with one of the third switching elements SW3 and connected to a second common junction to provide a discharge current path.
需要特別注意的是,在本實施例第三切換元件SW3及第三二極體D3的數量雖各分別以三個為例進行說明, 但在不同的實施例中,第二切換元件SW2的數量亦可為一個、二個或其他數量,本發明並不予以限定。It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the number of the third switching element SW3 and the third diode D3 are respectively described by taking three examples as examples. However, in different embodiments, the number of the second switching elements SW2 may also be one, two or other numbers, which is not limited in the present invention.
第二極性切換單元17是與電源單元串、第二共接點及控制單元12電性連接,並輸出一第二操作電壓V2,且控制單元12輸出一第二調整訊號Sp2至第二極性切換單元17,控制第二操作電壓V2之極性,使第二操作電壓V2為一交流電壓。The second polarity switching unit 17 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2, and the control unit 12 outputs a second adjustment signal Sp2 to the second polarity switching. The unit 17 controls the polarity of the second operating voltage V2 such that the second operating voltage V2 is an alternating voltage.
電源管理系統2a2 的第三切換元件SW3的功用是控制放電給第二極性切換單元17的電源單元11a的數量,而電源管理系統2a2 工作原理是類似於電源管理系統2a及電源管理系統2a1 的整合,不同的是,透過控制第一切換元件SW1、第二切換元件SW2及第三切換元件SW3導通/截止組合,電源管理系統2a2 可分別控制輸出給第一極性切換單元13及第二極性切換單元17的電源單元11a的數量,而提供雙相的交流電壓輸出。The function of the third switching element SW3 of the power management system 2a 2 is to control the number of power units 11a discharged to the second polarity switching unit 17, and the power management system 2a 2 operates in a similar manner to the power management system 2a and the power management system 2a. The integration of 1 is different, by controlling the on/off combination of the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the third switching element SW3, the power management system 2a 2 can separately control the output to the first polarity switching unit 13 and The number of power supply units 11a of the two-polarity switching unit 17 provides a two-phase AC voltage output.
請參照圖4G所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2a3 的示意圖。電源管理系統2a3 與電源管理系統2a2 大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2a3 具有多相輸出,電源管理系統2a3 不僅包括一第二極性切換單元17,其更包括另一第二極性切換單元18,此外,第三二極體D3連接有另一第二共接點,而第二極性切換單元18是與該另一第二共接點及電源單元串電性連接。Referring to FIG. 4G, the present invention which diagram of a preferred embodiment of the power management system 2a 3 embodiment. The power management system 2a 3 is substantially the same as the power management system 2a 2 except that the power management system 2a 3 has a multi-phase output, and the power management system 2a 3 includes not only a second polarity switching unit 17, but also another second The polarity switching unit 18, in addition, the third diode D3 is connected to another second common contact, and the second polarity switching unit 18 is electrically connected to the other second common contact and the power supply unit.
在本實施例中,電源管理系統2a3 與電源管理系統2a2 具有類似的工作原理,不同的是,電源管理系統2a3 的第 三切換元件SW3與第三二極體D3分為兩組,分別耦接至第二極性切換單元17、18,藉由控制各第三切換元件SW3導通/截止的組合,提供三相交流電壓的輸出。In the present embodiment, the power management system 2a 3 has a similar working principle as the power management system 2a 2 , except that the third switching element SW3 and the third diode D3 of the power management system 2a 3 are divided into two groups. They are respectively coupled to the second polarity switching units 17, 18, and provide an output of the three-phase AC voltage by controlling the combination of the on/off of the respective third switching elements SW3.
需要特別注意的是,第二共接點的數量,在不同的實施例中可以為三個或者更多,第二共接點的數量可以為至少一個,而第二極性切換單元的數量則與第二共接點的數量對應改變,使得電源管理系統可提供多相輸出,故本發明並不予以限定。It should be noted that the number of second common contacts may be three or more in different embodiments, the number of second common contacts may be at least one, and the number of second polarity switching units is The number of second common contacts is changed correspondingly, so that the power management system can provide multi-phase output, so the invention is not limited.
請參照圖4H所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2b1 的示意圖。電源管理系統2b1 與電源管理系統2b大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2b1 中連接於電源單元串及第二極性切換單元17之間的第二切換元件SW2被移除,且各第一二極體D1被以一第二切換元件SW2取代,而各第二二極體D2被以一第三切換元件SW3取代,控制單元12電性連接各第二切換元件SW2及第三切換元件SW3,並分別輸出一第二切換訊號S2及一第三切換訊號S3以控制各第二切換元件SW2及各第三切換元件SW3導通或截止。至於電源管理系統2b1 的工作仍與原理電源管理系統2b的工作原理相同,故不再贅述。Referring to Figure 4H, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system of the preferred embodiment of 2b 1 of the present invention. The power management system 2b 1 is substantially the same as the power management system 2b, except that the second switching element SW2 connected between the power supply unit string and the second polarity switching unit 17 in the power management system 2b 1 is removed, and each The second diode D1 is replaced by a second switching element SW2, and the second diode D2 is replaced by a third switching element SW3. The control unit 12 is electrically connected to each of the second switching element SW2 and the third switching element. SW3, and respectively output a second switching signal S2 and a third switching signal S3 to control each of the second switching element SW2 and each of the third switching elements SW3 to be turned on or off. As for the operation of the power management system 2b 1 is still the same as that of the principle power management system 2b, it will not be described again.
請參照圖4I所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2b2 的示意圖。電源管理系統2b2 與電源管理系統2a2 大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2b2 中連接於第二切換元件SW2之第一二極體D1被移除,以及連接於第三切換元件SW3之第三二極體D3被移除。至於電源管 理系統2b2 的工作原理仍與電源管理系統2a2 的工作原理相同,故不再贅述。Please refer to FIG. 4I, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2b 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2b 2 is substantially the same as the power management system 2a 2 except that the first diode D1 connected to the second switching element SW2 in the power management system 2b 2 is removed, and is connected to the third switching element SW3. The third diode D3 is removed. As for the working principle of the power management system 2b 2 , the working principle of the power management system 2a 2 is still the same, and therefore will not be described again.
請參照圖4J所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2b3 的示意圖。電源管理系統2b3 與電源管理系統2a3 大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2b3 中連接於第二切換元件SW2之第一二極體D1被移除,以及連接於第三切換元件SW3之第三二極體D3被移除。至於電源管理系統2b3 的工作仍與原理電源管理系統2a3 的工作原理相同,故不再贅述。Referring to FIG. 4J, one of its power management system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a schematic 2b 3. The power management system 2b 3 is substantially the same as the power management system 2a 3 except that the first diode D1 connected to the second switching element SW2 in the power management system 2b 3 is removed, and is connected to the third switching element SW3. The third diode D3 is removed. The operation of the power management system 2b 3 is still the same as that of the principle power management system 2a 3 , and therefore will not be described again.
值得一提的是,在上述具有多相交流電壓輸出的實施例中,控制訊號Sc更可包括代表各第二共接點的電壓值的訊號或各第二操作電壓的電壓值的訊號,本發明於此不予以限定。It is to be noted that, in the above embodiment having a multi-phase AC voltage output, the control signal Sc may further include a signal representing a voltage value of each second common contact or a voltage value of each second operating voltage, The invention is not limited thereto.
請參照圖5A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2c的示意圖。電源管理系統2c與電源管理系統2的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2c更包括一電流控制器I及一整流單元15,且各電源單元11b更包括一第二二極體D2,其中電流控制器I可以為一電流源或一限流器。Please refer to FIG. 5A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2c according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2c is substantially the same as the circuit structure of the power management system 2, except that the power management system 2c further includes a current controller I and a rectifying unit 15, and each power unit 11b further includes a second diode D2. The current controller I can be a current source or a current limiter.
第二二極體D2是並聯連接第一切換元件SW1,第二二極體D2提供電池模組B一充電路徑。電流控制器I是電性連接第一極性切換單元13及電池單元串。整流單元15並聯連接第一極性切換單元13,當經由第一極性切換單元13連接一外部充電電源時,整流單元15可提供一充 電電流路徑。The second diode D2 is connected in parallel to the first switching element SW1, and the second diode D2 provides a charging path of the battery module B. The current controller 1 is electrically connected to the first polarity switching unit 13 and the battery cell string. The rectifying unit 15 is connected in parallel to the first polarity switching unit 13. When the external charging power source is connected via the first polarity switching unit 13, the rectifying unit 15 can provide a charging Electrical current path.
當欲對該等電源單元11b充電,第一極性切換單元13之輸出端可作為充電時的交流電源的輸入端,並藉由電流控制器I控制充電時電流方向及電流值,可將電能提供給各電源單元11b的電池模組B,也就是說,此時該等電源單元11b不作為放電的用途,而是接收外來電源所提供的電能進行充電。與電源管理系統2相較,不僅具有放電功能,亦具有可充電之功能,而可以重複使用。When the power supply unit 11b is to be charged, the output end of the first polarity switching unit 13 can be used as an input terminal of the AC power source during charging, and the current direction and current value during charging can be controlled by the current controller I, and the power can be supplied. The battery modules B of the respective power supply units 11b, that is, the power supply units 11b at this time are not used for discharging, but receive electric energy supplied from an external power source for charging. Compared with the power management system 2, it has not only a discharge function but also a chargeable function, and can be reused.
請參照圖5B所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統3a的示意圖。電源管理系統3a與電源管理系統3的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統3a更包括一電流控制器I及一整流單元15,且各電源單元31a更包括一第二二極體D2。Please refer to FIG. 5B, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 3a according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 3a and the power management system 3 have the same circuit architecture. The power management system 3a further includes a current controller 1 and a rectifying unit 15, and each power unit 31a further includes a second diode D2. .
第二二極體D2是並聯連接第一切換元件SW1,第二二極體D2提供電池模組B一充電路徑。電流控制器I是電性連接第一極性切換單元13及電池單元串。整流單元15並聯連接第一極性切換單元13,當經由第一極性切換單元13連接一外部充電電源時,整流單元15可提供一充電電流路徑。The second diode D2 is connected in parallel to the first switching element SW1, and the second diode D2 provides a charging path of the battery module B. The current controller 1 is electrically connected to the first polarity switching unit 13 and the battery cell string. The rectifying unit 15 is connected in parallel to the first polarity switching unit 13. When the external charging power source is connected via the first polarity switching unit 13, the rectifying unit 15 can provide a charging current path.
有關本實施例相較於電源管理系統3所增加的元件的工作原理,是與電源管理系統2c相同,故請參照前文所述,茲不加以贅述。The operation principle of the components added to the power management system 3 in this embodiment is the same as that of the power management system 2c. Therefore, please refer to the foregoing, and no further description is provided.
值得一提的是,在本實施例中,各電池模組B具有不同的電池數量,意即各電池模組B之可儲存電容量皆不相 同,且由於串聯的電池數也不同,故各電池模組B輸出的電壓也不同。透過搭配具有不同電池數串並聯組合的電池模組B,可使第一操作電壓V1的波形產生更多樣的變化,以符合所接的負載的需求。不僅如此,各電池模組B之電容量亦可與其放電週期之佔空比(discharge duty cycle)成正比。It is worth mentioning that, in this embodiment, each battery module B has a different number of batteries, meaning that the storage capacity of each battery module B is different. Similarly, since the number of batteries connected in series is also different, the voltages outputted by the battery modules B are also different. By matching the battery module B having a series and parallel combination of different battery numbers, the waveform of the first operating voltage V1 can be varied to meet the demand of the connected load. Moreover, the capacitance of each battery module B can also be proportional to its discharge duty cycle.
請參照圖5C所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2d的示意圖。電源管理系統2d與電源管理系統2c的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2d更包括一充電電路16,電性連接該等電源單元11b,充電電路16例如是一額外、輔助用之充電電路,其包括一充電電源及一橋式整流器,充電電源可包括交流電源或直流電源,藉以對該等電源單元11b進行充電。Please refer to FIG. 5C, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2d according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2d is substantially the same as the power management system 2c. The power management system 2d further includes a charging circuit 16 electrically connected to the power supply unit 11b. The charging circuit 16 is, for example, an additional auxiliary device. The charging circuit includes a charging power source and a bridge rectifier. The charging power source may include an alternating current power source or a direct current power source to charge the power source unit 11b.
除此之外,在本實施例中,由於電源管理系統2d額外增加充電電路16,以對電池模組B進行充電,而不需要透過第一極性切換單元13,故可不包括整流單元15。In addition, in the present embodiment, since the power management system 2d additionally adds the charging circuit 16 to charge the battery module B without passing through the first polarity switching unit 13, the rectifying unit 15 may not be included.
請參照圖5D所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2e的示意圖。電源管理系統2e與電源管理系統2c的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,各電源單元11c更包括一第二切換元件SW2與電池模組B、第一切換元件SW1形成之串聯模組並聯,提供一充電旁通路徑,並與控制單元12電性連接,且控制單元12依據控制訊號Sc分別輸出一第二切換訊號S2至各第二切換元件SW2,分別控制各第二切換元件SW2導通或截止。Please refer to FIG. 5D, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2e according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2e is substantially the same as the circuit management structure of the power management system 2c, except that each power supply unit 11c further includes a second switching element SW2 connected in parallel with the battery module B and the series module formed by the first switching element SW1. a charging bypass path is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 outputs a second switching signal S2 to each of the second switching elements SW2 according to the control signal Sc, respectively controlling the second switching elements SW2 to be turned on or off. .
為方便說明,本實施例沿用電源管理系統1由下至上所定義之三級電源單元。當任一級電池模組B不需要或不適合進行充電,例如該級的電池模組B已達飽和狀態時,控制單元12可以透過切換第二切換元件SW2使之導通,強制將該級的電池模組B脫離充電迴路,反之,則切換第二切換元件SW2使之截止,令該級電源單元的電池模組B進行充電。For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 1 from bottom to top. When the battery module B of any stage is not required or suitable for charging, for example, when the battery module B of the stage has reached saturation state, the control unit 12 can be turned on by switching the second switching element SW2 to force the battery module of the stage. The group B is separated from the charging circuit. Otherwise, the second switching element SW2 is switched to be turned off, so that the battery module B of the power unit of the stage is charged.
請參照圖5E所示,其顯示電源單元11c的變化態樣,其中僅元件連接順序改變,工作原理則並無二致。Referring to FIG. 5E, it shows a variation of the power supply unit 11c, in which only the component connection order is changed, and the operation principle is the same.
請參照圖6A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2f的示意圖。電源管理系統2f與電源管理系統2a的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2f的各電源單元11d更包括一第二切換元件SW2,第二切換元件SW2與電池模組B及控制單元12形成之串聯模組電性連接,且控制單元12依據控制訊號Sc分別輸出一第二切換訊號S2至各第二切換元件SW2,分別控制各第二切換元件SW2導通或截止。Please refer to FIG. 6A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2f according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2f has substantially the same circuit structure as the power management system 2a, except that each power supply unit 11d of the power management system 2f further includes a second switching element SW2, a second switching element SW2 and a battery module B and a control unit. The series-connected modules are electrically connected to each other, and the control unit 12 outputs a second switching signal S2 to each of the second switching elements SW2 according to the control signal Sc, and controls each of the second switching elements SW2 to be turned on or off.
為方便說明,本實施例沿用電源管理系統1由下至上所定義之三級電源單元。當需要輸出一級電池模組B的電壓時,控制單元12可以控制第一級電源單元11d所屬之第二切換元件SW2使之導通並開始放電,當需要輸出兩級電池模組B的電壓時,控制單元12可以控制第一級電源單元11d及第二級電源單元11d所屬之第二切換元件SW2使之導通並開始放電,以此類推。For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 1 from bottom to top. When it is required to output the voltage of the primary battery module B, the control unit 12 can control the second switching element SW2 to which the first-stage power supply unit 11d belongs to be turned on and start discharging. When the voltage of the two-stage battery module B needs to be output, The control unit 12 can control the second switching element SW2 to which the first-stage power supply unit 11d and the second-stage power supply unit 11d belong to be turned on and start discharging, and so on.
值得一提的是,本實施例的電池模組B可選用例如燃料電池或太陽能電池等無需充電之元件,亦可使用透過其他機制回復電力之儲能元件。It is worth mentioning that the battery module B of the present embodiment can use components such as a fuel cell or a solar cell that do not need to be charged, and can also use an energy storage component that restores power through other mechanisms.
請參照圖6B所示,其顯示電源單元11d的變化態樣,其中僅元件連接順序改變,工作原理則並無二致。Referring to FIG. 6B, it shows a variation of the power supply unit 11d, in which only the component connection order is changed, and the operation principle is the same.
請參照圖7A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2g的示意圖。電源管理系統2g與電源管理系統2f的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2g更包括一電流控制器I以及一整流單元15。電流控制器I電性連接第一極性切換單元13。整流單元15並聯連接第一極性切換單元13。Please refer to FIG. 7A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2g according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2g is substantially the same as the circuit configuration of the power management system 2f. The difference is that the power management system 2g further includes a current controller 1 and a rectifying unit 15. The current controller 1 is electrically connected to the first polarity switching unit 13. The rectifying unit 15 is connected in parallel to the first polarity switching unit 13.
此外,各電源單元11e更包括一第三切換元件SW3以及一第三二極體D3。第三切換元件SW3電性連接電池模組B、第二切換元件SW2及控制單元12,提供一充電旁通路徑,且控制單元12依據控制訊號Sc分別輸出一第三切換訊號S3至各第三切換元件SW3,分別控制各第三切換元件SW3導通或截止。第三二極體D3並聯連接第一切換元件SW1及第二切換元件SW2,提供一充電路徑。In addition, each power unit 11e further includes a third switching element SW3 and a third diode D3. The third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the battery module B, the second switching element SW2 and the control unit 12 to provide a charging bypass path, and the control unit 12 outputs a third switching signal S3 to each of the third signals according to the control signal Sc. The switching element SW3 controls each of the third switching elements SW3 to be turned on or off, respectively. The third diode D3 is connected in parallel to the first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 to provide a charging path.
為方便說明,本實施例沿用電源管理系統1由下至上所定義之三級電源單元。電源管理系統2g於放電時的工作原理與電源管理系統2f相同,故不再贅述;充電時,其工作原理則是與電源管理系統2e相同,舉例而言,當提供充電的電源電壓較低無法同時對多個電池模組B進行充電,則控制單元12將第二級電源單元及第三級電源單元 的第三切換元件SW3皆切換為導通,並將第一級電源單元的第三切換元件SW3切換為截止,以對第一級電源單元的電池模組B進行充電;當第一級電池單元的電池模組B電力飽和後,控制單元12將第一級電源單元及第三級電源單元的第三切換元件SW3皆切換為導通,並將第二級電源單元的第三切換元件SW3切換為截止,以對第二級電源單元的電池模組B進行充電,以此類推。For convenience of explanation, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 1 from bottom to top. The working principle of the power management system 2g during discharge is the same as that of the power management system 2f, and therefore will not be described again. When charging, the working principle is the same as that of the power management system 2e. For example, when the power supply voltage for charging is low, At the same time, the plurality of battery modules B are charged, and the control unit 12 connects the second-stage power supply unit and the third-stage power supply unit. The third switching element SW3 is switched to be turned on, and the third switching element SW3 of the first-stage power supply unit is switched off to charge the battery module B of the first-stage power supply unit; when the first-level battery unit is After the battery module B is fully charged, the control unit 12 switches the first switching power source unit and the third switching element SW3 of the third-stage power supply unit to be turned on, and switches the third switching element SW3 of the second-stage power supply unit to the off state. To charge the battery module B of the second-stage power unit, and so on.
當然,當提供充電的電源可同時對二電池模組B進行充電,控制單元12亦可將電壓較低的二級電源單元的第三切換元件SW3切換為截止,另一級電源單元的第三切換元件SW3切換為導通,以同時對對應的二電池模組B進行充電。Of course, when the power supply for charging can simultaneously charge the two battery modules B, the control unit 12 can also switch the third switching element SW3 of the secondary power supply unit with a lower voltage to be turned off, and the third switching of the other power supply unit. The component SW3 is switched to be turned on to simultaneously charge the corresponding two battery modules B.
換而言之,控制單元12透過依據充電的電源的電壓強弱,或是當充電電源為一變動之交流電壓時,控制第三切換元件SW3的導通或截止,可配合充電電源之電壓適當地調整同時進行充電的電池模組B的數量,以達到最大的能源使用效率。In other words, the control unit 12 controls the conduction or disconnection of the third switching element SW3 according to the voltage strength of the power source according to the charging or when the charging power source is a varying AC voltage, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the voltage of the charging power source. The number of battery modules B that are simultaneously charged is used to achieve maximum energy efficiency.
請參照圖7B~圖7D所示,與電源單元11f不同的是,各圖7B~圖7D的電源單元實施態樣中,電源單元11f、11g、11h更包括一第四二極體D4,其中第三二極體D3改為並聯連接第一切換元件SW1,第四二極體D4則並聯連接第二切換元件SW2。圖7B、圖7C及圖7D之間的差異在於,電池模組B、第一切換元件SW1及第二切換元件SW2的串聯連接順序改變。第三二極體D3與第四二極體 D4皆是用以提供充電電流路徑,藉以當對應第一切換元件SW1或第二切換元件SW2截止,充電電流可透過第三二極體D3或第四二極體D4流通。需要注意的是,即使圖7B~圖7D所示之實施態樣與圖7A所示有所不同,其工作原理仍是相同的。Referring to FIG. 7B to FIG. 7D , different from the power supply unit 11 f , in the embodiment of the power supply unit of FIGS. 7B to 7D , the power supply unit 11 f , 11 g , 11 h further includes a fourth diode D 4 , wherein The third diode D3 is instead connected to the first switching element SW1 in parallel, and the fourth diode D4 is connected in parallel to the second switching element SW2. The difference between FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C and FIG. 7D is that the series connection order of the battery module B, the first switching element SW1, and the second switching element SW2 is changed. Third diode D3 and fourth diode D4 is used to provide a charging current path, so that when the corresponding first switching element SW1 or the second switching element SW2 is turned off, the charging current can flow through the third diode D3 or the fourth diode D4. It should be noted that even if the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7B to 7D is different from that shown in FIG. 7A, the working principle is still the same.
請參照圖8所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2h的示意圖。電源管理系統2h與電源管理系統2g的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2h更包括一第四二極體D4以及一充電電路16。第四二極體D4並聯連接電流控制器I。充電電路16電性連接該等電源單元11f。Please refer to FIG. 8, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2h according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2h has substantially the same circuit structure as the power management system 2g. The difference is that the power management system 2h further includes a fourth diode D4 and a charging circuit 16. The fourth diode D4 is connected in parallel with the current controller I. The charging circuit 16 is electrically connected to the power supply units 11f.
此外,各電源單元11f更包括一第四切換元件SW4並聯連接第一二極體D1,提供一充電電流路徑,並與控制單元12電性連接,且控制單元12依據控制訊號Sc分別輸出一第四切換訊號S4至各第四切換元件SW4,分別控制各第四切換元件SW4導通或截止。In addition, each power supply unit 11f further includes a fourth switching element SW4 connected in parallel to the first diode D1 to provide a charging current path, and is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 outputs a first according to the control signal Sc. The four switching signals S4 to the fourth switching elements SW4 respectively control the fourth switching elements SW4 to be turned on or off.
電源管理系統2h的工作原理與電源管理系統2g類似,兩者的區別在於,電源管理系統2h的控制單元12可透過控制各級電源單元的第四切換元件SW4調整充電時的電池模組B的串聯長度,以配合充電的電源的電壓。另外,亦可透過充電電路16連接一外部電源對電池模組B進行充電。The working principle of the power management system 2h is similar to that of the power management system 2g. The difference between the two is that the control unit 12 of the power management system 2h can adjust the battery module B during charging by controlling the fourth switching element SW4 of each power supply unit. The length of the series is matched to the voltage of the charged power source. In addition, the battery module B can also be charged by connecting an external power source through the charging circuit 16.
請參照圖9A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2i的示意圖。電源管理系統2i與電源管理系 統2f的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2i更包括至少一第三二極體D3、一第二極性切換單元17以及一第三切換元件SW3。Please refer to FIG. 9A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2i according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Power Management System 2i and Power Management The circuit structure of the system 2f is substantially the same, except that the power management system 2i further includes at least a third diode D3, a second polarity switching unit 17, and a third switching element SW3.
各第三二極體D3的一端是分別與該等電源單元11d其中之一電性連接,另一端是連接至一第二共接點。第二極性切換單元17與電源單元串、第二共接點及控制單元12耦接,並輸出一第二操作電壓V2。第二操作電壓V2是一交流電壓,第二極性切換單元17是依據控制單元12所輸出之一第二調整訊號Sp2,控制第二操作電壓V2之極性。而第三切換元件SW3是電性連接電源單元串、第二極性切換單元17及控制單元12,第三切換元件SW3是依據控制單元12輸出的一第三切換訊號SW3導通或截止。One end of each of the third diodes D3 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units 11d, and the other end is connected to a second common contact. The second polarity switching unit 17 is coupled to the power supply unit string, the second common contact, and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2. The second operating voltage V2 is an alternating current voltage, and the second polarity switching unit 17 controls the polarity of the second operating voltage V2 according to one of the second adjusting signals Sp2 outputted by the control unit 12. The third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second polarity switching unit 17 and the control unit 12, and the third switching element SW3 is turned on or off according to a third switching signal SW3 output by the control unit 12.
在本實施例中,電源管理系統2i的工作原理是綜合電源管理系統2c及電源管理系統2f,也就是說,透過控制單元12控制各切換元件的導通/截止組合,可控制任一級電源單元之放電,當然亦可以選擇是由第一極性切換單元13輸出或是由第二極性切換單元17輸出。而第三切換元件SW3是控制第二操作電壓V2的輸出與否。In this embodiment, the working principle of the power management system 2i is the integrated power management system 2c and the power management system 2f, that is, the on/off combination of each switching element is controlled by the control unit 12, and the power supply unit of any level can be controlled. The discharge may of course also be selected by the first polarity switching unit 13 or by the second polarity switching unit 17. The third switching element SW3 is for controlling the output of the second operating voltage V2.
舉例而言,本實施例沿用電源管理系統2f由下至上定義之三級電源單元,當第一級電源單元11d的第一切換元件SW1、第二切換元件SW2導通,第二級電源單元11d的第一切換元件SW1、第二切換元件SW2導通,第三級電源單元11d的第一切換元件SW1導通、第二切換元件SW2截止,則第一極性切換單元13輸出的第一操作電壓 V1是由第一級電源單元11d及第二級電源單元11d提供,而第二極性切換單元17輸出的第二操作電壓V2是由第三級電源單元11d提供。換而言之,各種第一操作電壓V1與第二操作電壓V2的變化可以透過各切換元件的導通/截止組合獲得。For example, the present embodiment follows the three-level power supply unit defined by the power management system 2f from bottom to top. When the first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 of the first-stage power supply unit 11d are turned on, the second-stage power supply unit 11d The first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 are turned on, the first switching element SW1 of the third-stage power supply unit 11d is turned on, and the second switching element SW2 is turned off, and the first operating voltage output by the first polarity switching unit 13 is V1 is supplied from the first stage power supply unit 11d and the second stage power supply unit 11d, and the second operational voltage V2 output from the second polarity switching unit 17 is supplied from the third stage power supply unit 11d. In other words, variations in the various first operating voltages V1 and the second operating voltage V2 can be obtained by the on/off combination of the respective switching elements.
請參照圖9B所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統2j的示意圖。電源管理系統2j與電源管理系統2i的電路架構大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統2j更提供了充電及充電控制的功能,電源管理系統2j更包括一電流控制器I以及一整流單元15,且各電源單元11g更包括一第四切換元件SW4以及一第四二極體D4。第四切換元件SW4、第四二極體D4、電流控制器I以及整流單元15的連接方式及工作原理請參考電源管理系統2g的第三切換元件SW3、第三二極體D3、電流控制器I以及整流單元15之說明。Please refer to FIG. 9B, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 2j according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 2j and the power management system 2i have the same circuit architecture. The difference is that the power management system 2j further provides charging and charging control functions. The power management system 2j further includes a current controller I and a rectifying unit 15. Each of the power supply units 11g further includes a fourth switching element SW4 and a fourth diode D4. For the connection mode and working principle of the fourth switching element SW4, the fourth diode D4, the current controller I and the rectifying unit 15, please refer to the third switching element SW3, the third diode D3, and the current controller of the power management system 2g. I and the description of the rectifying unit 15.
在本實施例中,與電源管理系統2i相較,電源管理系統2j不僅可以透過控制單元12控制各切換元件的導通/截止組合,控制任一級電源單元之放電,亦可以透過控制單元12控制各切換元件的導通/截止組合對任一級電源單元進行充電。In this embodiment, compared with the power management system 2i, the power management system 2j can control not only the on/off combination of each switching element but also the discharge of any one of the power supply units through the control unit 12, and can also control each of the power supply units through the control unit 12. The on/off combination of the switching elements charges any of the power supply units.
請參照圖9C、圖9D所示,其顯示電源單元11g的變化態樣。電源單元11h、11i包括一第五二極體D5,其中第四二極體D4改為並聯連接第一切換元件SW1,第五二極體D5則並聯連接第二切換元件SW2。圖9C及圖9D之 間的差異在於,電池模組B、第一切換元件SW1及第二切換元件SW2的串聯連接順序改變而已。需要注意的是,即使圖9C及圖9D所示之實施態樣與圖9B所示有所不同,其工作原理仍是相同的。Referring to FIGS. 9C and 9D, it shows a variation of the power supply unit 11g. The power supply unit 11h, 11i includes a fifth diode D5, wherein the fourth diode D4 is instead connected to the first switching element SW1 in parallel, and the fifth diode D5 is connected in parallel to the second switching element SW2. Figure 9C and Figure 9D The difference is that the series connection order of the battery module B, the first switching element SW1, and the second switching element SW2 is changed. It should be noted that even if the embodiment shown in FIG. 9C and FIG. 9D is different from that shown in FIG. 9B, the working principle is still the same.
請參照圖10A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統4的示意圖,同時請搭配圖10B及圖10C所示的電源單元的示意圖。電源管理系統4是依據電源管理系統1為基礎進行變化的實施態樣,電源管理系統4包括多數個電源單元U1~U6、至少一第一二極體D1、至少一第二二極體D2、一控制單元12、一第一極性切換單元P以及一第二極性切換單元Q。在本實施例中,第一二極體D1及第二二極體D2的數量分別以三個為例進行說明,但在不同的實施例中,第一二極體D1及第二二極體D2的數量亦可為一個、兩個或其他數量,當然第一二極體D1的數量及第二二極體D2的數量亦互有可不同,例如第一二極體D1的數量為兩個,而第二二極體D2的數量則為一個,本發明並不予以限定。Please refer to FIG. 10A , which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 4 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Please also refer to the schematic diagram of the power supply unit shown in FIG. 10B and FIG. 10C . The power management system 4 is implemented according to the power management system 1. The power management system 4 includes a plurality of power supply units U1 to U6, at least one first diode D1, and at least one second diode D2. A control unit 12, a first polarity switching unit P and a second polarity switching unit Q. In this embodiment, the number of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are respectively described by taking three examples, but in different embodiments, the first diode D1 and the second diode The number of D2 may also be one, two or other quantities. Of course, the number of the first diode D1 and the number of the second diode D2 may be different from each other, for example, the number of the first diode D1 is two. The number of the second diode D2 is one, and the invention is not limited.
電源單元U1~U6電性連接形成一電源單元串,且電源單元U1~U6分為一第一組C1及一第二組C2,第一組C1包括電源單元U1~U3,第二組C2包括電源單元U4~U6,各電源單元U1~U6包括一電池模組B以及一第一切換元件SW1,且電池模組B及第一切換元件SW1串聯連接形成一串聯模組。The power supply units U1 to U6 are electrically connected to form a power supply unit string, and the power supply units U1 to U6 are divided into a first group C1 and a second group C2. The first group C1 includes power supply units U1~U3, and the second group C2 includes The power supply units U4 to U6, each of the power supply units U1 to U6 includes a battery module B and a first switching element SW1, and the battery module B and the first switching element SW1 are connected in series to form a series module.
各第一二極體D1的一端分別與第一組C1的各電源單 元U1~U3電性連接,另一端連接至一第一共接點,更進一步來說,各第一二極體D1的陰極彼此電性連接,並連接至第一共接點,形成一第一放電路徑。One end of each first diode D1 and each power supply of the first group C1 The U1~U3 are electrically connected, and the other end is connected to a first common contact. Further, the cathodes of the first diodes D1 are electrically connected to each other and connected to the first common contact to form a first A discharge path.
各第二二極體D2的一端分別分別與第二組C2的各電源單元U4~U6電性連接,另一端連接至一第二共接點,更進一步來說,各第二二極體D2的陽極彼此電性連接,並連接至第二共接點,形成一第二放電路徑。One end of each of the second diodes D2 is electrically connected to each of the power supply units U4 to U6 of the second group C2, and the other end is connected to a second common contact, and further, each of the second diodes D2 The anodes are electrically connected to each other and connected to the second common junction to form a second discharge path.
控制單元12與該等第一切換元件SW1電性連接,並依據一控制訊號Sc分別輸出一第一切換訊號S1至各個第一切換元件SW1,分別控制各第一切換元件SW1導通或截止,以控制第一共接點及第二共接點的放電電壓。The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the first switching elements SW1, and outputs a first switching signal S1 to each of the first switching elements SW1 according to a control signal Sc, respectively controlling the first switching elements SW1 to be turned on or off. The discharge voltages of the first common contact and the second common contact are controlled.
第一極性切換單元P是與電源單元串、第一共接點及控制單元12電性連接,並輸出一第一操作電壓V1,且控制單元12輸出一第一調整訊號Sp1至第一極性切換單元P,控制第一操作電壓V1之極性,使第一操作電壓V1為一交流電壓。The first polarity switching unit P is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the first common contact and the control unit 12, and outputs a first operating voltage V1, and the control unit 12 outputs a first adjustment signal Sp1 to the first polarity switching. The unit P controls the polarity of the first operating voltage V1 such that the first operating voltage V1 is an alternating voltage.
第二極性切換單元Q是與電源單元串、第二共接點及控制單元12電性連接,並輸出一第二操作電壓V2,且控制單元12輸出一第二調整訊號Sp2至第二極性切換單元Q,控制第二操作電壓V2之極性,使第二操作電壓V2為一交流電壓。The second polarity switching unit Q is electrically connected to the power supply unit string, the second common contact and the control unit 12, and outputs a second operating voltage V2, and the control unit 12 outputs a second adjustment signal Sp2 to the second polarity switching. The unit Q controls the polarity of the second operating voltage V2 such that the second operating voltage V2 is an alternating voltage.
電源管理系統4的工作原理是與電源管理系統1類似,不同的是,電源管理系統4具有雙輸出,其可視為將一電源管理系統1與一電源管理系統3進行串接,藉以同 時獨立提供第一操作電壓V1及第二操作電壓V2,而不會相互影響,故其工作原理請參考電源管理系統1及電源管理系統3的說明。The working principle of the power management system 4 is similar to that of the power management system 1. The difference is that the power management system 4 has dual outputs, which can be regarded as a serial connection between a power management system 1 and a power management system 3. When the first operating voltage V1 and the second operating voltage V2 are independently provided, they do not affect each other. Therefore, please refer to the descriptions of the power management system 1 and the power management system 3 for the working principle.
除此之外,前述之各種電源單元的變化態樣皆可應用於電源單元U1~U6,相關的工作原理亦與前述相同,茲不加以贅述。In addition, the various variations of the foregoing various power supply units can be applied to the power supply units U1 to U6, and the related working principles are also the same as those described above, and will not be described again.
請參照圖11A所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統5的示意圖。電源管理系統5與電源管理系統4大致相同,不同的是,電源管理系統5更包括至少一第三二極體D3及至少一第二切換元件SW2。在本實施例中,第三二極體D3及第二切換元件SW2的數量分別以四個為例進行說明,但在不同的實施例中,第三二極體D3及第二切換元件SW2的數量亦可為一個、兩個或其他數量,本發明並不予以限定。Please refer to FIG. 11A, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system 5 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 5 is substantially the same as the power management system 4, except that the power management system 5 further includes at least one third diode D3 and at least one second switching element SW2. In this embodiment, the number of the third diode D3 and the second switching element SW2 are respectively described by taking four examples, but in different embodiments, the third diode D3 and the second switching element SW2 are The number may also be one, two or other quantities, and the invention is not limited thereto.
各第三二極體D3的一端是分別與電源單元U1~U6其中之一電性連接,另一端連接至一第三共接點。One end of each of the third diodes D3 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units U1 to U6, and the other end is connected to a third common contact.
各第二切換元件SW2的一端是分別與電源單元U1~U6其中之一電性連接,另一端連接至一第四共接點,且各第二切換元件SW2與控制單元12電性連接。One end of each of the second switching elements SW2 is electrically connected to one of the power supply units U1 to U6, and the other end is connected to a fourth common contact, and each of the second switching elements SW2 is electrically connected to the control unit 12.
第三極性切換單元R是與第三共接點、第四共接點及控制單元12電性連接,並輸出一第三操作電壓V3。The third polarity switching unit R is electrically connected to the third common contact, the fourth common contact, and the control unit 12, and outputs a third operating voltage V3.
控制單元12依據一控制訊號Sc輸出一第二切換訊號S2至該第二切換元件SW2,控制第二切換元件SW2導通或截止,以控制第三共接點及第四共接點間之電壓;第三 極性切換單元R依據控制單元12所輸出之一第三調整訊號Sp3,控制第三操作電壓V3之極性。The control unit 12 outputs a second switching signal S2 to the second switching element SW2 according to a control signal Sc, and controls the second switching element SW2 to be turned on or off to control the voltage between the third common contact and the fourth common contact; third The polarity switching unit R controls the polarity of the third operating voltage V3 according to one of the third adjustment signals Sp3 output by the control unit 12.
此外,請搭配參照圖11B及圖11C所示,相較於電源管理系統4,電源管理系統5的電源單元U2~U5的電池模組B與第一切換元件SW1之間更具有一條電流路徑,以耦接第三極性切換單元R,但其電路結構及工作原理,仍與前述並無不同。In addition, as shown in FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C, the battery module B of the power supply units U2 to U5 of the power management system 5 and the first switching element SW1 further have a current path compared with the power management system 4. The third polarity switching unit R is coupled, but its circuit structure and working principle are still different from the foregoing.
為方便說明,本實施例由上至下將電源單元定義為第一級到第六級電源單元U1~U6。第一操作電壓V1與第二操作電壓V2的控制請參考前述電源管理系統1及電源管理系統3的說明。當第三操作電壓V3需要輸出一電池模組B的電壓時,控制單元12可將第二級電源單元U2所對應的第二切換元件SW2導通,並將第三、四、五級電源單元U3、U4、U5所對應的第二切換元件SW2截止,即可讓第二級電池模組U2放電至第三極性切換單元R,獲得所需之電壓。當第三操作電壓V3需要輸出二電池模組B的電壓時,控制單元12可將第二、三級電源單元U2、U3所對應的第二切換元件SW2導通,並將第四、五級電源單元U4、U5所對應的第二切換元件SW2截止,即可讓第二、三級電源單元U2、U3放電至第三極性切換單元R,獲得所需之電壓。以此類推。For convenience of description, in this embodiment, the power supply unit is defined as the first to sixth power supply units U1 to U6 from top to bottom. For the control of the first operating voltage V1 and the second operating voltage V2, refer to the description of the power management system 1 and the power management system 3 described above. When the third operating voltage V3 needs to output the voltage of the battery module B, the control unit 12 can turn on the second switching element SW2 corresponding to the second-stage power supply unit U2, and connect the third, fourth, and fifth-level power supply units U3. When the second switching element SW2 corresponding to U4 and U5 is turned off, the second-stage battery module U2 can be discharged to the third polarity switching unit R to obtain the required voltage. When the third operating voltage V3 needs to output the voltage of the two battery modules B, the control unit 12 can turn on the second switching element SW2 corresponding to the second and third power supply units U2 and U3, and turn on the fourth and fifth power supplies. The second switching element SW2 corresponding to the units U4 and U5 is turned off, so that the second and third-stage power supply units U2 and U3 are discharged to the third polarity switching unit R to obtain a required voltage. And so on.
是以,透過控制單元12輸出的第一切換訊號S1、第二切換訊號S2控制各切換元件的導通/截止組合,搭配控制各極性切換單元的輸出電壓的極性,電源管理系統5輸 出第一操作電壓V1、第二操作電壓V2及第三操作電壓V3,且兩兩之間的相位差可為120度,也就是說,電源管理系統5可提供一三相交流電源(three phase AC power)的輸出。Therefore, the first switching signal S1 and the second switching signal S2 outputted by the control unit 12 control the on/off combination of the switching elements, and the polarity of the output voltage of each polarity switching unit is controlled, and the power management system 5 loses. The first operating voltage V1, the second operating voltage V2, and the third operating voltage V3 are output, and the phase difference between the two may be 120 degrees, that is, the power management system 5 can provide a three-phase alternating current power supply (three phase AC power) output.
需要特別注意的是,前述之各種電源單元的變化態樣皆可應用於電源單元U1~U6,相關的工作原理亦與前述相同,以下以圖11D~圖11G所示的電源單元U1a~U6a為例,對本實施例的工作原理進行進一步的說明。It should be noted that the foregoing various power supply unit variations can be applied to the power supply units U1 to U6, and the related working principles are also the same as the foregoing. The power supply units U1a to U6a shown in FIG. 11D to FIG. 11G are as follows. For example, the working principle of this embodiment will be further described.
請參照圖11A並搭配圖11D~圖11G所示,其中圖11D為電源單元U1的變化態樣電源單元U1a的示意圖,圖11E為電源單元U2或U3的變化態樣電源單元U2a或U3a的示意圖,圖11F為電源單元U4或U5的變化態樣電源單元U4a或U5a的示意圖,圖11G為電源單元U6的變化態樣電源單元U6a的示意圖。Referring to FIG. 11A and FIG. 11D to FIG. 11G, FIG. 11D is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U1a of a power supply unit U1, and FIG. 11E is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U2 or U3 of a power supply unit U2 or U3. FIG. 11F is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U4 or U5 of a power supply unit U4 or U5, and FIG. 11G is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit U6a of a power supply unit U6.
電源單元U1a~U6a與電源單元U1~U6不同的是,電源單元U1a~U6a更包括一第四二極體D4、一第五二極體D5、一第六二極體D6、一第三切換元件SW3以及一第四切換元件SW4。The power supply units U1a to U6a are different from the power supply units U1 to U6. The power supply units U1a to U6a further include a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, and a third switching. Element SW3 and a fourth switching element SW4.
請同時參照圖12A~12E所示,其中圖12A為電源管理系統5搭配電源單元U1a~U6a各切換元件的各種狀態組合的示意圖,未列出的第四切換元件SW4則為截止狀態,圖12B為電源管理系統5的各操作電壓對應圖12A所列之各切換元件的各種狀態組合的電壓值,圖12C~圖12E分別為各操作電壓V1~V3的輸出波形示意圖。Please refer to FIG. 12A to FIG. 12E at the same time, wherein FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of various state combinations of the power management system 5 and the switching elements of the power supply units U1a to U6a, and the fourth switching element SW4 not listed is in an off state, FIG. 12B The voltage values of the various operating voltages of the power management system 5 correspond to the various states of the switching elements listed in FIG. 12A. FIGS. 12C to 12E are schematic diagrams showing the output waveforms of the operating voltages V1 to V3, respectively.
是以,透過控制單元12輸出的第一切換訊號S1、第二切換訊號S2、第三切換訊號S3及第四切換訊號S4控制各切換元件的導通/截止組合,搭配控制各極性切換單元的輸出電壓的極性,電源管理系統5輸出第一操作電壓V1、第二操作電壓V2及第三操作電壓V3,且兩兩之間的相位差為120度,也就是說,電源管理系統5可提供一三相交流電源的輸出。Therefore, the first switching signal S1, the second switching signal S2, the third switching signal S3, and the fourth switching signal S4 outputted by the control unit 12 control the on/off combination of the switching elements, and control the output of each polarity switching unit. The polarity of the voltage, the power management system 5 outputs the first operating voltage V1, the second operating voltage V2, and the third operating voltage V3, and the phase difference between the two is 120 degrees, that is, the power management system 5 can provide a The output of a three-phase AC power supply.
請參照圖13所示,其為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖。電源管理系統5a與電源管理系統5大致相同,不同的是,第二切換元件SW2及第三二極體D3的連接位置交換,且連接方式相反,然電源管理系統5a整體的工作原理仍與電源管理系統5相同。Please refer to FIG. 13, which is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The power management system 5a is substantially the same as the power management system 5, except that the connection positions of the second switching element SW2 and the third diode D3 are exchanged, and the connection mode is reversed. However, the overall operation principle of the power management system 5a is still the same as that of the power supply. The management system 5 is the same.
另外,值得一提的是,在本實施例中,雖以六電源單元為例進行說明,但在實際運用上亦可搭配其他數量的電源單元,本發明並不予以限定。In addition, in the present embodiment, although the six power supply unit is taken as an example, the actual number of power supply units may be combined with the actual operation, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
請參照圖14A所示,其為第一極性切換單元13a的示意圖。當然此實施態樣亦可應用於第一極性切換單元P或第二極性切換單元17、18、Q或第三極性切換單元R,第一極性切換單元13a包括一第一電晶體T1、第二電晶體T2、第三電晶體T3、第四電晶體T4、第一整流二極體Da、第二整流二極體Db、第三整流二極體Dc、第四整流二極體Dd、第一控制端Sp1a與第二控制端Sp1b。當第一控制端Sp1a為高電位,且第二控制端Sp1b為低電位時,第一電晶體T1、第二電晶體T2導通,電流由節點P1流經第 一電晶體T1、節點P3、負載(圖未繪示)、節點P4、第二電晶體T2到節點P2,當第一控制端Sp1a為低電位,且第二控制端Sp1b為高電位時,第三電晶體T3、第四電晶體T4導通,電流由節點P1流經第三電晶體T3、節點P4、負載、節點P3、第二電晶體T2到節點P2。Please refer to FIG. 14A, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarity switching unit 13a. Of course, this embodiment can also be applied to the first polarity switching unit P or the second polarity switching unit 17, 18, Q or the third polarity switching unit R. The first polarity switching unit 13a includes a first transistor T1. Dielectric transistor T2, third transistor T3, fourth transistor T4, first rectifying diode Da, second rectifying diode Db, third rectifying diode Dc, fourth rectifying diode Dd, A control terminal Sp1a and a second control terminal Sp1b. When the first control terminal Sp1a is at a high potential and the second control terminal Sp1b is at a low potential, the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are turned on, and the current flows through the node P1. a transistor T1, a node P3, a load (not shown), a node P4, a second transistor T2 to a node P2, when the first control terminal Sp1a is at a low potential, and the second control terminal Sp1b is at a high potential, The three transistors T3 and the fourth transistor T4 are turned on, and the current flows from the node P1 through the third transistor T3, the node P4, the load, the node P3, and the second transistor T2 to the node P2.
請參照圖14B所示,其為第一極性切換單元13b的示意圖。極性切換單元13b包括一第一直流端(節點P1)、一第二直流端(節點P2)、二交流端(節點P3、P4)、一第一控制端Sp1a、一第二控制端Sp1b、一變壓器TS、一第一電晶體T1及一第二電晶體T2,變壓器TS具有一初級圈TS1及一次級圈TS2,其中初級圈TS1具有第一初級端、第二初級端及一中間抽頭端,中間抽頭端連接至第一直流端(節點P1),次級圈TS2之兩端分別連接至二交流端(節點P3、P4)。第一電晶體T1電性連接至第一初級端、第二直流端(節點P2)及第一控制端Sp1a,提供一第一初級端與第二直流端間之單向電流路徑,且由第一控制端Sp1a控制其導通與截止。第二電晶體T2電性連接至第二初級端、第二直流端(節點P2)及第二控制端Sp1b,提供一第二初級端與第二直流端(節點P2)間之單向電流路徑,且由第二控制端Sp1b控制其導通與截止。Please refer to FIG. 14B, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarity switching unit 13b. The polarity switching unit 13b includes a first DC terminal (node P1), a second DC terminal (node P2), two AC terminals (nodes P3, P4), a first control terminal Sp1a, and a second control terminal Sp1b. a transformer TS, a first transistor T1 and a second transistor T2, the transformer TS has a primary winding TS1 and a primary winding TS2, wherein the primary winding TS1 has a first primary end, a second primary end and a middle tap end The middle tap end is connected to the first DC end (node P1), and the two ends of the secondary ring TS2 are respectively connected to the two AC ends (nodes P3, P4). The first transistor T1 is electrically connected to the first primary end, the second DC terminal (node P2), and the first control terminal Sp1a, and provides a unidirectional current path between the first primary end and the second DC end, and is A control terminal Sp1a controls its conduction and deactivation. The second transistor T2 is electrically connected to the second primary end, the second DC end (node P2) and the second control end Sp1b, and provides a unidirectional current path between the second primary end and the second DC end (node P2) And is controlled to be turned on and off by the second control terminal Sp1b.
其中初級圈TS1、第一直流端(節點P1)及第二直流端(節點P2)可接受電源單元串之放電電壓,放電電壓為一以特定頻率由峰值到零或最低值之間變動之電壓,經由該第一電晶體T1與第二電晶體T2於放電電壓為零或最低 值時交互切換導通與截止以切換輸出之極性,於次級圈TS2及二交流端(節點P3、P4)輸出交流電。The primary ring TS1, the first DC terminal (node P1) and the second DC terminal (node P2) can receive the discharge voltage of the power supply string, and the discharge voltage is a change from peak to zero or the lowest value at a specific frequency. a voltage through which the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 have a zero or minimum discharge voltage When the value is switched, the switching is turned on and off to switch the polarity of the output, and the alternating current is outputted to the secondary ring TS2 and the two alternating current terminals (nodes P3, P4).
請參照圖14C所示,其為第一極性切換單元13c的示意圖。與第一極性切換單元13b相比,第一極性切換單元13c更包括一第一整流二極體Da及一第二整流二極體Db。第一整流二極體Da與第一電晶體T1並聯,提供一逆向電流路徑。第二整流二極體Db與第二電晶體T2並聯,提供一逆向電流路徑。Please refer to FIG. 14C, which is a schematic diagram of the first polarity switching unit 13c. Compared with the first polarity switching unit 13b, the first polarity switching unit 13c further includes a first rectifying diode Da and a second rectifying diode Db. The first rectifying diode Da is connected in parallel with the first transistor T1 to provide a reverse current path. The second rectifying diode Db is connected in parallel with the second transistor T2 to provide a reverse current path.
其中當第一電晶體T1與第二電晶體T2皆截止時,二交流端(節點P3、P4)及次級圈TS2可接受一交流電輸入,並由初級圈TS1、第一整流二極體Da及第二整流二極體Db整流成一直流電壓,由第一直流端(節點P1)及第二直流端(節點P2)輸出,並對各電源單元充電。When the first transistor T1 and the second transistor T2 are both turned off, the two AC terminals (nodes P3, P4) and the secondary ring TS2 can receive an AC input, and the primary ring TS1 and the first rectifier diode Da And the second rectifying diode Db is rectified into a DC voltage, which is outputted by the first DC terminal (node P1) and the second DC terminal (node P2), and charges each power supply unit.
需要特別注意的是,前文所述之各種以電源管理系統2為基礎進行變化的實施態樣,其技術特徵皆可套用於電源管理系統3,其區別僅在於第一二極體D1的第一共接點的不同而已,故不加以贅述,然其仍應屬本發明揭露之範圍。It should be noted that the various embodiments described above are based on the power management system 2, and the technical features can be applied to the power management system 3, the only difference being the first of the first diode D1. The different joints are different and therefore will not be described again, but they should still be within the scope of the present invention.
綜合上述,依據本發明之一種電源管理系統是藉由控制單元輸出一第一切換訊號至第一切換元件,以控制第一切換元件導通或截止,並且藉由控制第一極性切換單元調整第一操作電壓的極性,從而使第一操作電壓為交流電壓,不僅如此,更可透過連接額外的切換元件或二極體,使得電源管理系統除提供放電外,亦可具備可被充電、保 護電源單元或多相輸出等功能,以避免功率的損耗,同時又能夠依據充電電壓、輸出電壓的需求或各電池模組的狀態,調整電源單元的連接組態。In summary, the power management system according to the present invention outputs a first switching signal to the first switching element by the control unit to control whether the first switching element is turned on or off, and adjusts the first by controlling the first polarity switching unit. The polarity of the operating voltage, so that the first operating voltage is an alternating voltage, not only that, but also by connecting additional switching elements or diodes, so that the power management system can be charged and protected in addition to providing discharge. Protect the power supply unit or multi-phase output to avoid power loss, and at the same time adjust the connection configuration of the power supply unit according to the charging voltage, output voltage requirements or the status of each battery module.
以上所述僅為舉例性,而非為限制性者。任何未脫離本案之精神與範疇,而對其進行之等效修改或變更,均應包含於後附之申請專利範圍中。The above is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Any equivalent modifications or changes made to the spirit and scope of this case shall be included in the scope of the appended patent application.
1、2、2a~2j、2a1 ~2a3 、2b、2b1 ~2b3 、3、3a、4、5、5a‧‧‧電源管理系統 1 , 2, 2a~2j, 2a 1 ~ 2a 3 , 2b, 2b 1 ~ 2b 3 , 3 , 3a, 4 , 5, 5a‧‧‧ Power Management System
11、11a~11i、11A~11C、31、31a、U1~U6、U1a~U6a‧‧‧ 電源單元11, 11a~11i, 11A~11C, 31, 31a, U1~U6, U1a~U6a‧‧ Power unit
12‧‧‧控制單元12‧‧‧Control unit
13、13a~13c、P‧‧‧第一極性切換單元13, 13a~13c, P‧‧‧ first polarity switching unit
14‧‧‧濾波單元14‧‧‧Filter unit
15‧‧‧整流單元15‧‧‧Rectifier unit
16‧‧‧充電電路16‧‧‧Charging circuit
17、18、Q‧‧‧第二極性切換單元17, 18, Q‧‧‧Second polarity switching unit
B‧‧‧電池模組B‧‧‧ battery module
C1‧‧‧第一組C1‧‧‧First Group
C2‧‧‧第二組C2‧‧‧ second group
D1‧‧‧第一二極體D1‧‧‧First Diode
D2‧‧‧第二二極體D2‧‧‧ second diode
D3‧‧‧第三二極體D3‧‧‧ third diode
D4‧‧‧第四二極體D4‧‧‧ fourth diode
D5‧‧‧第五二極體D5‧‧‧ fifth diode
D6‧‧‧第六二極體D6‧‧‧ sixth diode
Da‧‧‧第一整流二極體Da‧‧‧First Rectifier Diode
Db‧‧‧第二整流二極體Db‧‧‧Secondary rectifier
Dc‧‧‧第三整流二極體Dc‧‧‧ third rectifier diode
Dd‧‧‧第四整流二極體Dd‧‧‧4th rectifying diode
I‧‧‧電流控制器I‧‧‧ current controller
P1~P4‧‧‧節點P1~P4‧‧‧ nodes
R‧‧‧第三極性切換單元R‧‧‧third polarity switching unit
S1‧‧‧第一切換訊號S1‧‧‧ first switching signal
S2‧‧‧第二切換訊號S2‧‧‧Second switching signal
S3‧‧‧第三切換訊號S3‧‧‧ third switching signal
S4‧‧‧第四切換訊號S4‧‧‧ fourth switching signal
Sc‧‧‧控制訊號Sc‧‧‧ control signal
Sp1‧‧‧第一調整訊號Sp1‧‧‧First adjustment signal
Sp1a‧‧‧第一控制端Sp1a‧‧‧ first control end
Sp1b‧‧‧第二控制端Sp1b‧‧‧ second console
Sp2‧‧‧第二調整訊號Sp2‧‧‧ second adjustment signal
Sp3‧‧‧第三調整訊號Sp3‧‧‧ third adjustment signal
SW1、SW1a、SW1b、SW1A~SW1D‧‧‧第一切換元件SW1, SW1a, SW1b, SW1A~SW1D‧‧‧ first switching element
SW2‧‧‧第二切換元件SW2‧‧‧Second switching element
SW3‧‧‧第三切換元件SW3‧‧‧3rd switching element
SW4‧‧‧第四切換元件SW4‧‧‧4th switching element
T1‧‧‧第一電晶體T1‧‧‧first transistor
T2‧‧‧第二電晶體T2‧‧‧second transistor
T3‧‧‧第三電晶體T3‧‧‧ third transistor
T4‧‧‧第四電晶體T4‧‧‧ fourth transistor
TS‧‧‧變壓器TS‧‧‧Transformer
TS1‧‧‧初級圈TS1‧‧‧ primary circle
TS2‧‧‧次級圈TS2‧‧‧secondary circle
V1‧‧‧第一操作電壓V1‧‧‧ first operating voltage
V2、V2a‧‧‧第二操作電壓V2, V2a‧‧‧ second operating voltage
V3‧‧‧第三操作電壓V3‧‧‧ third operating voltage
圖1為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖2為第一操作電壓的波形示意圖;圖3A、圖3B為第一切換元件的示意圖;圖3C為電源單元的示意圖;圖4A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4B為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4C為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4D為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4E為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4F為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示 意圖;圖4G為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4H為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4I為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖4J為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖5A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖5B為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖5C為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖5D為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖5E為電源單元的示意圖;圖6A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖6B為電源單元的示意圖;圖7A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖7B~圖7D為電源單元的示意圖; 圖8為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖9A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖9B為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖9C、圖9D為電源單元的示意圖;圖10A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖10B、圖10C為電源單元的示意圖;圖11A為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;圖11B~圖11G為電源單元的示意圖;圖12A為各切換元件的狀態組合的示意圖;圖12B為各操作電壓的電壓值的示意圖;圖12C~圖12E為各操作電壓的波形示意圖;圖13為本發明較佳實施例之一種電源管理系統的示意圖;以及圖14A~圖14C為第一極性切換單元的示意圖。1 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a first operating voltage; FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are schematic diagrams of a first switching component; FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4D is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4E is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4F is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4G is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4H is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4I is a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 4A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5B is a power management method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 5C is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5E is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit; FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of a power supply unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 8 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 9A and FIG. 9D are schematic diagrams of a power supply unit; FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10B and FIG. 10C are schematic diagrams of a power supply unit; A schematic diagram of a power management system; FIGS. 11B-11G are schematic diagrams of power supply units; FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of state combinations of switching elements; FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of voltage values of respective operating voltages; FIG. 12C to FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a power management system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and FIGS. 14A-14C are schematic diagrams of a first polarity switching unit.
1‧‧‧電源管理系統1‧‧‧Power Management System
11A~11C‧‧‧電源單元11A~11C‧‧‧Power unit
12‧‧‧控制單元12‧‧‧Control unit
13‧‧‧第一極性切換單元13‧‧‧First polarity switching unit
B‧‧‧電池模組B‧‧‧ battery module
D1‧‧‧第一二極體D1‧‧‧First Diode
S1‧‧‧第一切換訊號S1‧‧‧ first switching signal
Sc‧‧‧控制訊號Sc‧‧‧ control signal
Sp1‧‧‧第一調整訊號Sp1‧‧‧First adjustment signal
SW1‧‧‧第一切換元件SW1‧‧‧ first switching element
V1‧‧‧第一操作電壓V1‧‧‧ first operating voltage
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