TWI415804B - A group of glass preforms and processes for the production of a group of glass preforms and optical elements - Google Patents
A group of glass preforms and processes for the production of a group of glass preforms and optical elements Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B7/00—Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob, e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact
- C03B7/005—Controlling, regulating or measuring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B7/00—Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob, e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact
- C03B7/10—Cutting-off or severing the glass flow with the aid of knives or scissors or non-contacting cutting means, e.g. a gas jet; Construction of the blades used
- C03B7/12—Cutting-off or severing a free-hanging glass stream, e.g. by the combination of gravity and surface tension forces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/72—Barrel presses or equivalent, e.g. of the ring mould type
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Abstract
Description
本發明關於玻璃製預製件群、玻璃製預製件群之製造方法以及光學元件之製造方法。The present invention relates to a glass preform group, a method for producing a glass preform group, and a method for producing an optical element.
關於高精度地製造非球面透鏡等玻璃製光學元件的技術，已知有精密模壓成形法。該方法也被稱為模製光學成形法。在該方法，係使用具有經精密加工後的成形面之模壓成形模具，將經加熱後的玻璃製預製件予以模壓成形，以成形出光學元件的整體形狀，同時將成形面精密地轉印到玻璃上，藉此形成光學功能面(例如，參照專利文獻1)。A precision press molding method is known as a technique for producing a glass optical element such as an aspherical lens with high precision. This method is also referred to as a molded optical forming method. In this method, a heated glass preform is molded by using a press-molding mold having a precision-molded forming surface to form an overall shape of the optical element while precisely transferring the forming surface to An optical functional surface is formed on the glass (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
另外，例如可藉由以下方法來生產用於製造上述光學元件的玻璃製預製件：使熔融的玻璃流出，分離出期望質量的熔融玻璃塊，將該玻璃塊在冷卻的過程中成形為預製件(例如，參照專利文獻2)。Further, for example, a glass preform for producing the above optical element can be produced by discharging a molten glass, separating a molten glass block of a desired quality, and forming the glass block into a preform during cooling. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).
專利文獻1：日本特開平10－316448號公報專利文獻2：日本特開2002－121032號公報Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 10-316448. Patent Document 2: JP-A-2002-121032
近年來，對於像附相機的行動電話那樣內設有攝影裝置的小型機器的需求增多。組裝到該攝影裝置中的攝影光學系統，係由超小型的透鏡構成，為了將各個透鏡進行精密的定位、固定，較佳為各個透鏡具有定位基準面。例如，可使用設置在透鏡面的外周的平面部，來作為用於精密地決定透鏡彼此間的間隔的定位基準面；並且可使用透鏡側面作為使透鏡彼此的光軸對齊的定位基準面。在精密模壓成形方法，藉由將模具的成形面轉印到玻璃上，不僅能夠精密地形成光學功能面，而且還能夠精密地規定所形成的各個面的位置關係、角度，因此可以一併形成光學功能面和定位基準面。In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for small machines having a photographing device like a mobile phone with a camera. The photographic optical system incorporated in the imaging device is composed of an ultra-small lens. In order to accurately position and fix each lens, it is preferable that each lens has a positioning reference surface. For example, a flat portion provided on the outer circumference of the lens surface may be used as a positioning reference surface for precisely determining the interval between the lenses; and a lens side surface may be used as a positioning reference surface for aligning the optical axes of the lenses with each other. In the precision press molding method, by transferring the molding surface of the mold onto the glass, not only the optical functional surface can be precisely formed, but also the positional relationship and angle of each surface to be formed can be precisely defined, so that it can be formed together Optical functional surface and positioning datum.
只要充分發揮精密模壓成形的特質，即可高效率地製造超小型的光學元件，但是另一方面，如果不對預製件的體積進行精密的管理，則會產生如下問題。As long as the characteristics of precision press molding are sufficiently exhibited, ultra-small optical elements can be manufactured efficiently, but on the other hand, if the volume of the preform is not precisely managed, the following problems occur.
首先，當預製件的體積比具有上模具、下模具、體模具的模壓成形模具在閉模狀態下所形成的空間的容積更大時，會從構成模壓成形模具的各個模具構件之間，例如上模具與體模具之間或下模具與體模具之間擠出並成為成形毛邊，而損壞模具的滑動性，導致生產停止或模壓成形模具破損。另一方面，當預製件的體積比模壓成形模具在閉模狀態下所形成的空間的容積更小時，玻璃在上述空間中填充量不足，由此會造成光學功能面的表面精度降低，或者由於玻璃未到達構成玻璃的定位基準面的部分，而導致無法形成定位基準面。First, when the volume of the preform is larger than the volume of the space formed by the press molding die having the upper mold, the lower mold, and the body mold in the mold closing state, between the respective mold members constituting the press molding mold, for example, Extrusion between the upper mold and the body mold or between the lower mold and the body mold and forming a burr, thereby damaging the slidability of the mold, resulting in production stoppage or breakage of the mold. On the other hand, when the volume of the preform is smaller than the volume of the space formed by the press molding die in the mold closing state, the filling amount of the glass in the above space is insufficient, thereby causing a decrease in the surface precision of the optical functional surface, or The glass does not reach the portion constituting the positioning reference surface of the glass, and the positioning reference surface cannot be formed.
因此，為了能夠一併形成光學功能面和定位基準面，希望使用體積精度、亦即質量精度高的預製件。Therefore, in order to form the optical functional surface and the positioning reference surface together, it is desirable to use a preform having a volumetric accuracy, that is, a high quality precision.
如上所述，作為高生產率的製造玻璃製預製件的方法，係使熔融的玻璃從噴嘴流出，分離為期望質量的熔融玻璃塊後，在該玻璃塊冷卻的過程中成形為預製件。只要使用該方法來生產預製件，可從玻璃的熔融開始就以極高的生產率來量產光學元件。但是，在以往的玻璃製預製件的生產方法，預製件的體積會存在些微偏差，因此當用於上述精密模壓成形時，未必能夠滿足體積精度、亦即質量精度。該問題在生產較輕的預製件時尤其顯著。As described above, as a high-productivity method for producing a glass preform, molten glass is discharged from a nozzle, separated into a molten glass block of a desired mass, and formed into a preform during cooling of the glass block. As long as the method is used to produce a preform, the optical component can be mass-produced at an extremely high productivity from the start of melting of the glass. However, in the conventional method for producing a glass preform, there is a slight variation in the volume of the preform. Therefore, when used in the above-described precision press molding, the volume accuracy, that is, the mass accuracy may not be satisfied. This problem is particularly pronounced when producing lighter preforms.
本發明是鑒於上述情況而完成的，其目的在於提供：各個預製件間的體積偏差受到了極為嚴格的控制的精密模壓成形用玻璃製預製件群、以高生產率由熔融玻璃來製造該預製件群的方法、以及由上述預製件群或者由上述方法所製得的預製件群中的預製件來製造光學元件的方法。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the invention is to provide a glass preform assembly for precision press molding in which the volume deviation between the preforms is extremely strictly controlled, and the preform is manufactured from molten glass with high productivity. A method of grouping, and a method of manufacturing an optical element from the above-described preform group or a preform in a preform group produced by the above method.
為了提高預製件的質量精度，本申請的發明人深入探討的結果獲得了如下認知。In order to improve the quality accuracy of the preform, the inventors of the present application have intensively studied the results as follows.
(a)從噴嘴的流出口滴下熔融玻璃而得到之作為預製件母材的熔融玻璃滴的質量，通常依作用於在噴嘴流出口垂下的玻璃上的向下加速度、噴嘴下端部分的外徑、熔融玻璃的表面張力等決定，如果要減小目標之質量公差對於預製件質量的比例，僅藉由將上述複數個條件維持一定並無法抑制質量的偏差。(a) the mass of the molten glass droplet which is obtained as a preform base material by dropping the molten glass from the discharge port of the nozzle, usually depending on the downward acceleration acting on the glass hanging down the nozzle outlet, the outer diameter of the lower end portion of the nozzle, The surface tension of the molten glass or the like is determined. If the ratio of the mass tolerance of the target to the mass of the preform is to be reduced, the deviation of the mass cannot be suppressed only by maintaining the above plurality of conditions.
(b)考慮導致上述質量偏差的原因在於：當熔融玻璃滴滴下時，熔融玻璃會沾濡在噴嘴的流出口上，熔融玻璃的滴下量會由於沾濡量的多少而產生些微變化。(b) The reason for the above-mentioned mass deviation is considered to be that when the molten glass is dropped, the molten glass is stained on the outlet of the nozzle, and the amount of dripping of the molten glass is slightly changed due to the amount of the stain.
(c)詳細觀察噴嘴可知，其前端有些微的振動，該些微的振動會導致熔融玻璃的滴下量之變動。(c) When the nozzle is observed in detail, it is known that there is a slight vibration at the tip end, and the slight vibration causes a variation in the amount of dripping of the molten glass.
(d)另外，噴嘴外周面對於玻璃的沾濡性，會依噴嘴流出口氣氛的溫度變化、濕度變化而產生些微變化，該些微變化會使熔融玻璃的滴下量發生變動。(d) In addition, the adhesion of the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle to the glass may slightly change depending on the temperature change and the humidity change of the nozzle outlet atmosphere, and these slight changes may cause the amount of dripping of the molten glass to vary.
根據上述認知，本申請的發明人進一步探討的結果發現：從採取防振措施及/或控制氣氛的溫度和濕度的流出口依序滴下以一定流量流出的熔融玻璃來進行成形，可製得各個預製件間的體積偏差受到了極為嚴格的控制的玻璃製預製件群，如此到達本發明之完成。Based on the above findings, the inventors of the present application have further studied and found that each of the molten glass that has flowed out at a constant flow rate is sequentially dripped from a flow outlet that adopts vibration prevention measures and/or controls the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere to form each. The volumetric deviation between the preforms is subject to a very tightly controlled group of glass preforms, thus reaching the completion of the present invention.
即，本發明提供：(1)一種玻璃製預製件群，係由供精密模壓成形的複數個玻璃製預製件所構成之玻璃製預製件群，其特徵在於：玻璃製預製件的質量公差相對於玻璃製預製件的平均質量MAV 的比例為±0.5×MAV 〔%〕以內。That is, the present invention provides: (1) A glass preform group which is a glass preform group composed of a plurality of glass preforms which are formed by precision press molding, wherein the quality tolerance of the glass preform is relatively The ratio of the average mass M AV of the glass preform is within ±0.5 × M AV [%].
(2)如(1)所述的玻璃製預製件群，係由整個表面是使呈熔融狀態的玻璃固化而形成的球狀玻璃製預製件所構成。(2) The glass preform according to (1), wherein the entire surface is a spherical glass preform formed by solidifying a glass in a molten state.
(3)一種玻璃製預製件群之製造方法，係由供精密模壓成形的複數個玻璃製預製件所構成之玻璃製預製件群之製造方法，其特徵在於：從採取防振措施及/或控制氣氛的溫度和濕度的流出口依序滴下以一定流量流出的熔融玻璃來進行成形。(3) A method for producing a glass preform group, which is a method for producing a glass preform group composed of a plurality of glass preforms for precision press molding, which is characterized in that vibration prevention measures are taken and/or The outlet for controlling the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere is sequentially dropped by dropping molten glass which flows out at a constant flow rate.
(4)如(3)所述的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法，其中，前述熔融玻璃滴下後的成形，係在對形成的熔融玻璃滴施加風壓而使其浮動的狀態下進行。(4) The method for producing a glass preform according to the above aspect, wherein the molding after the molten glass is dropped is performed by applying a wind pressure to the formed molten glass droplet and floating it.
(5)一種光學元件之製造方法，其特徵在於：將(1)、(2)所述的玻璃製預製件群或藉由(3)、(4)所述的方法製得的玻璃製預製件群中之玻璃製預製件進行加熱、精密模壓成形。(5) A method of producing an optical element, comprising: prefabricating a glass preform according to (1) or (2) or a glass preform obtained by the method according to (3) or (4); The glass preforms in the group are heated and precision molded.
(6)如(5)所述的光學元件之製造方法，其中，精密模壓成形，係藉由將具有上模具、下模具、體模具的模壓成形模具的各個成形面轉印於玻璃上來進行；使轉印上模具的成形面而形成的面與轉印體模具的成形面而形成的面所構成的稜部及/或轉印下模具的成形面而形成的面與轉印體模具的成形面而形成的面所構成的稜部成為自由表面，如此來進行精密模壓成形。(6) The method of producing an optical element according to (5), wherein the precision molding is performed by transferring each molding surface of a press molding die having an upper mold, a lower mold, and a mold to a glass; The rib formed by the surface formed by transferring the surface formed by the molding surface of the upper mold and the molding surface of the transfer mold, and/or the surface formed by transferring the molding surface of the lower mold and the formation of the transfer mold The rib formed by the surface formed by the surface is a free surface, and thus precision press molding is performed.
依據本發明可提供：各個預製件間的體積偏差受到了極為嚴格的控制的精密模壓成形用玻璃製預製件群、以高生產率由熔融玻璃來製造該預製件群的方法、以及由上述預製件群或者由上述方法製得的預製件群中的預製件來製造光學元件的方法。According to the present invention, there is provided a glass preform preform for precision press molding in which the volume deviation between the respective preforms is extremely strictly controlled, a method of manufacturing the preform group from molten glass with high productivity, and the above-described preform A method of manufacturing an optical component by a group or a preform in a preform group produced by the above method.
首先，對本發明的玻璃製預製件群進行說明。First, the glass preform group of the present invention will be described.
本發明的玻璃製預製件群，係由供精密模壓成形的複數個玻璃製預製件所構成之玻璃製預製件群，其特徵在於：玻璃製預製件的質量公差相對於玻璃製預製件的平均質量MAV 的比例為±0.5×MAV 〔%〕以內。The glass preform group of the present invention is a glass preform group composed of a plurality of glass preforms for precision press molding, characterized in that the quality tolerance of the glass preform is relative to the average of the glass preforms. The ratio of the mass M AV is within ±0.5 × M AV [%].
在本發明中，玻璃製預製件群是指：由相同種類的玻璃形成，形狀和質量都一致，供精密模壓成形的複數個玻璃製預製件的集合。另外，在本發明中，玻璃製預製件群不必僅由在同一裝置中同日一起製造的預製件批次構成，也可以由複數個預製件批次構成。例如，對於由1000個預製件構成的預製件群，可以考慮將由100個預製件構成的批次集合10個而構成，也可以考慮將由10個預製件構成的批次集合100個而構成。In the present invention, the glass preform group refers to a collection of a plurality of glass preforms which are formed of the same kind of glass and have the same shape and quality and are precision molded. Further, in the present invention, the glass preform group does not have to be composed only of the preform batch which is manufactured together in the same apparatus on the same day, or may be composed of a plurality of preform batches. For example, for a preform group composed of 1000 preforms, it is conceivable to assemble ten batches of 100 preforms, and it is also conceivable to collect 100 batches of 10 preforms.
構成預製件群的預製件的個數較佳為為1000個以上，更加為2000個以上，特佳為5000個以上。可以根據光學元件的必要個數來決定個數的上限。The number of the preforms constituting the preform group is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 2,000 or more, and particularly preferably 5,000 or more. The upper limit of the number can be determined according to the necessary number of optical elements.
MAV 意味著構成預製件群的玻璃製預製件的相加平均值，例如，當玻璃製預製件為用於行動電話的攝影裝置等的超小型透鏡用預製件時，MAV 為1mg~200mg，較佳為5~200mg，特佳為8~160mg的程度。M AV means the sum average of the glass preforms constituting the preform group. For example, when the glass preform is a preform for an ultra-small lens such as a photographing device for a mobile phone, the M AV is 1 mg to 200 mg. Preferably, it is 5 to 200 mg, and particularly preferably 8 to 160 mg.
關於本發明的玻璃製預製件群，玻璃製預製件的質量公差相對於MAV 的比例為±0.5×MAV 〔%〕以內。Regarding the glass preform group of the present invention, the ratio of the mass tolerance of the glass preform to the M AV is within ±0.5 × M AV [%].
玻璃製預製件的質量公差相對於玻璃製預製件的平均質量MAV 的比例較佳為±0.4×MAV 〔%〕以內，特佳為±0.38×MAV 〔%〕以內。The ratio of the mass tolerance of the glass preform to the average mass M AV of the glass preform is preferably within ±0.4 × M AV [%], particularly preferably within ±0.38 × M AV [%].
當構成預製件群的預製件的個數為500個以上時，可藉由從預製件群中任意抽出的500個預製件來驗證預製件的平均質量MAV 、以及預製件的質量公差相對於MAV 的比例。When the number of preforms constituting the preform group is 500 or more, the average mass M AV of the preform and the mass tolerance of the preform can be verified by 500 preforms arbitrarily extracted from the preform group. The ratio of M AV .
如上所述，對於行動電話等攜帶型設備中內設的小型光學元件等，為了能夠進行準確的對準(alignment)和裝配，較佳為藉由對預製件進行精密模壓成形來一併形成光學功能面和定位基準面，又供上述精密模壓成形的預製件群中的預製件，係要求質量輕且質量公差小。當預製件的平均質量MAV 大時，比較容易將預製件的質量公差相對於MAV 的比例(質量公差/平均質量MAV )抑制得較小，但是當預製件的平均質量MAV 小時，微小的質量變動就會造成預製件的質量公差相對於MAV 的比例(質量公差/平均質量MAV )變大，因此以往難以提供由超輕且具有高質量精度的預製件構成的預製件群。與此相對，在本發明的玻璃製預製件群中，玻璃製預製件的質量公差相對於玻璃製預製件的平均質量MAV 的比例為±0.5×MAV 〔%〕以內，因此即使在超輕的情況下也可以提供由具有高質量精度的預製件構成的預製件群。As described above, in order to enable accurate alignment and assembly for a small optical component or the like provided in a portable device such as a mobile phone, it is preferable to form the optical together by precision molding of the preform. The functional surface and the positioning reference surface are also provided for the preforms in the precision molded preform group described above, which are required to have a light weight and a small quality tolerance. When the average mass M of the preform large AV, easier tolerances preform mass ratio with respect to the AV M (mass tolerance / the AV average mass M) suppressed to be small, but when the average mass M of the preform the AV hours, Minor mass variations cause the mass tolerance of the preform to be larger than the ratio of M AV (mass tolerance/average mass M AV ), so it has been difficult in the past to provide a preform group composed of ultra-light and high-precision preforms. . On the other hand, in the glass preform group of the present invention, the ratio of the mass tolerance of the glass preform to the average mass M AV of the glass preform is within ±0.5 × M AV [%], so even in the super In the case of light, it is also possible to provide a preform group consisting of preforms of high quality precision.
本發明的玻璃製預製件群較佳為，由整個表面是使呈熔融狀態的玻璃固化而形成的球狀玻璃製預製件所構成。The glass preform according to the present invention is preferably composed of a spherical glass preform formed by solidifying a glass in a molten state over the entire surface.
藉由使預製件的整個表面為呈熔融狀態的玻璃經固化而形成的面，可以使整個表面為自由表面，從而可以消除表面的潛傷。結果，可以使製得的各個預製件的耐候性高於研磨製預製件。当耐候性不夠高時，在預製件表面上會產生稱為燒痕的變質層，如果除去該變質層，則預製件的質量會些微減少，因而會導致質量精度降低。依據本實施方式，由於使熔融狀態的玻璃固化來形成預製件的整個表面，因此可以消除表面的潛傷，從而可以消除上述不良情況。By making the entire surface of the preform a surface formed by solidifying the glass in a molten state, the entire surface can be made a free surface, so that the surface damage can be eliminated. As a result, it is possible to make the weather resistance of each of the prepared preforms higher than that of the ground preform. When the weather resistance is not high enough, an altered layer called a burn mark is formed on the surface of the preform, and if the altered layer is removed, the quality of the preform is slightly reduced, resulting in a decrease in mass accuracy. According to the present embodiment, since the entire surface of the preform is formed by solidifying the glass in a molten state, the surface damage of the surface can be eliminated, and the above-described problem can be eliminated.
另外，當使預製件的形狀為球形時，只要使用的玻璃為相同種類，則隨著預製件質量的增減其直徑也會增減，各個預製件的質量和直徑會一一對應。因此，如果對預製件的直徑的偏差進行管理，則可以對預製件的質量精度進行管理。另外，當對預製件進行精密模壓成形來製得小型的光學元件時，若使用球狀的預製件，只要下模具成形面呈凹形，即可將預製件穩定地配置在成形面的中心。藉由以下說明的本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法，可適當地製造出本發明的玻璃製預製件群。Further, when the shape of the preform is made spherical, as long as the glass used is of the same type, the diameter of the preform increases or decreases as the quality of the preform increases or decreases, and the quality and diameter of each preform correspond one-to-one. Therefore, if the deviation of the diameter of the preform is managed, the quality accuracy of the preform can be managed. Further, when the preform is subjected to precision press molding to obtain a small optical element, if a spherical preform is used, the preform can be stably disposed at the center of the forming surface as long as the lower mold forming surface is concave. The glass preform group of the present invention can be suitably produced by the method for producing a glass preform group of the present invention described below.
以下，說明本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法。Hereinafter, a method of producing the glass preform group of the present invention will be described.
本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法，係由供精密模壓成形的複數個玻璃製預製件構成的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法，其特徵在於：從採取防振措施及/或控制氣氛的溫度和濕度的流出口，依序滴下以一定流量流出的熔融玻璃來進行成形。The method for producing a glass preform group according to the present invention is a method for producing a glass preform group composed of a plurality of glass preforms for precision press molding, which is characterized in that vibration prevention measures and/or atmosphere are controlled. At the outlet of the temperature and humidity, the molten glass flowing out at a constant flow rate is sequentially dropped to form.
以下，根據附圖來說明本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法的較佳為實施方式。Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the method for producing a glass preform group of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如第1圖所示，為了生產預製件群，將玻璃原料經加熱、熔融、澄清、均質化而得的熔融玻璃，導向設置在管1下端的噴嘴2。熔融玻璃從設置在噴嘴2的下端的流出口流出，控制管1和噴嘴2的溫度以使單位時間的玻璃流出量一定。As shown in Fig. 1, in order to produce a preform group, the molten glass obtained by heating, melting, clarifying, and homogenizing the glass raw material is guided to the nozzle 2 provided at the lower end of the tube 1. The molten glass flows out from the outflow port provided at the lower end of the nozzle 2, and controls the temperature of the tube 1 and the nozzle 2 so that the amount of outflow of the glass per unit time is constant.
從流出口流出的熔融玻璃，由於表面張力而在噴嘴2的下端垂下。當作用在垂下的玻璃上的向下力比使熔融玻璃停留在噴嘴2下端的力更強時，熔融玻璃從噴嘴2的下端落下。在此，由於單位時間的玻璃流出量一定，因此熔融玻璃的落下以一定的周期發生。落下的熔融玻璃滴的總質量，係用質量表示的單位時間的玻璃流出量乘以上述周期。The molten glass flowing out from the outflow port hangs down at the lower end of the nozzle 2 due to the surface tension. When the downward force acting on the hanging glass is stronger than the force which causes the molten glass to stay at the lower end of the nozzle 2, the molten glass falls from the lower end of the nozzle 2. Here, since the amount of outflow of the glass per unit time is constant, the falling of the molten glass occurs at a constant cycle. The total mass of the dropped molten glass droplets is multiplied by the above-mentioned period by the amount of glass outflow per unit time expressed by mass.
這樣，熔融玻璃滴的質量，係取決於熔融玻璃停留在噴嘴2下端的力和作用在垂下的玻璃上的向下力的平衡，但是如上所述，當仔細觀察噴嘴時，其前端的流出口部分會些微振動，該些微振動會使熔融玻璃的滴下量發生變化。因此，藉由對噴嘴2採取防振措施來進行滴下，可以減小預製件間的質量公差。Thus, the quality of the molten glass droplet depends on the balance of the force at which the molten glass stays at the lower end of the nozzle 2 and the downward force acting on the suspended glass, but as described above, when the nozzle is carefully observed, the front end of the outlet Some of them will vibrate slightly, and these microvibrations will change the amount of dripping of the molten glass. Therefore, by performing anti-vibration measures on the nozzle 2 to perform dripping, the quality tolerance between the preforms can be reduced.
具體地說，如第2圖所示，將經由管1與噴嘴2連接的玻璃熔融裝置10(包括收容熔融玻璃的容器)裝載在防振台11上，從上述容器垂下管1和噴嘴2。如此一來，可以防止來自建築物的振動經由玻璃熔融裝置10和管1傳至噴嘴2，從而可以抑制噴嘴2的振動。或者，也可以在支承玻璃熔融裝置的構造體與建築物之間設置防振機構，藉由該防振機構來阻斷振動的傳播。Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, the glass-melting device 10 (including the container for accommodating the molten glass) connected to the nozzle 2 via the tube 1 is placed on the vibration-proof table 11, and the tube 1 and the nozzle 2 are suspended from the container. In this way, vibration from the building can be prevented from being transmitted to the nozzle 2 via the glass melting device 10 and the tube 1, so that the vibration of the nozzle 2 can be suppressed. Alternatively, an anti-vibration mechanism may be provided between the structure supporting the glass melting device and the building, and the vibration is prevented by the anti-vibration mechanism.
上述玻璃熔融裝置10可具有：加熱容器內的熔融玻璃的手段、對容器進行保溫的手段、以及用於使容器內的熔融玻璃均質化的攪拌手段等；管1例如可具有通電加熱用的電極、以及用於對管進行保溫的保溫手段等。The glass-melting device 10 may include means for heating the molten glass in the container, means for keeping the container warmed, and stirring means for homogenizing the molten glass in the container, and the tube 1 may have an electrode for electric heating, for example. And insulation means for keeping the tube warm.
在本發明的方法，在採取上述防振措施的同時、或者代替上述防振措施，係控制流出口氣氛的溫度和濕度，依序滴下熔融玻璃。In the method of the present invention, the temperature and humidity of the outflow atmosphere are controlled, and the molten glass is sequentially dropped while taking the above-described anti-vibration measures or in place of the above-described anti-vibration measures.
如上所述，對於玻璃的噴嘴外周面的沾濡性會依噴嘴流出口氣氛的溫度變化、濕度變化而發生些微變化，由於該些微變化會使熔融玻璃的滴下量發生變動，因此可藉由控制噴嘴2的流出口附近的氣氛的溫度和濕度來減小預製件之間的質量公差。As described above, the staining property of the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle of the glass slightly changes depending on the temperature change and the humidity change of the nozzle outlet atmosphere, and since the slight change causes the amount of dripping of the molten glass to vary, it can be controlled by The temperature and humidity of the atmosphere near the outflow port of the nozzle 2 reduces the mass tolerance between the preforms.
具體地說，如第2圖所示，在上述玻璃熔融裝置10的下方設置有恒溫室(booth)12，在該恒溫室12內容納與玻璃熔融裝置10連接的管1和噴嘴2，在該恒溫室12內設置後述的成形模具13。當使用複數個成形模具來連續生產預製件時，在恒溫室12內設置複數個成形模具、裝載該模具的旋轉台、使旋轉台進行轉位旋轉的驅動裝置，在上述恒溫室內進行熔融玻璃的滴下和由熔融玻璃滴成形為預製件的處理。Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, a thermostatic chamber 12 is provided below the glass melting apparatus 10, and the tube 1 and the nozzle 2 connected to the glass melting apparatus 10 are housed in the constant temperature chamber 12, and the constant temperature is maintained therein. A molding die 13 to be described later is provided in the chamber 12. When a plurality of molding dies are used to continuously produce a preform, a plurality of molding dies, a rotary table on which the mold is loaded, and a driving device that rotates the rotary table are disposed in the constant temperature chamber 12, and the molten glass is subjected to the molten glass in the constant temperature chamber. Dropping and forming from a molten glass drop into a preform.
藉由未圖示的調溫裝置和濕度調整裝置(以下，稱為溫度濕度調整機)將該恒溫室內的溫度、濕度恒定地保持為期望的狀態。藉由該操作來控制噴嘴2的流出口週邊的氣氛的溫度和濕度。上述溫度濕度調整機具有溫度、濕度感測器，反饋由感測器檢測出的結果，將恒溫室12內的氣氛維持為設定溫度和設定濕度。例如，在冬季乾燥時，進行加濕以使濕度不會過低，而在梅雨期等濕度大的時期，進行除濕以使濕度不會過高。對於溫度也進行控制，以使恒溫室12內的氣溫在外部氣溫變動的情況下不會脫離設定溫度。這樣，將玻璃對噴嘴2外周的沾濡量控制為一定，從而可以減小製得的預製件間的質量公差。The temperature and humidity in the constant temperature chamber are constantly maintained in a desired state by a temperature regulating device and a humidity adjusting device (hereinafter referred to as a temperature and humidity adjusting device) (not shown). By this operation, the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere around the outflow port of the nozzle 2 are controlled. The temperature and humidity adjuster has a temperature and humidity sensor, and feedbacks the result detected by the sensor to maintain the atmosphere in the constant temperature chamber 12 at a set temperature and a set humidity. For example, when it is dry in winter, humidification is performed so that the humidity is not too low, and during periods of high humidity such as the plum rain period, dehumidification is performed so that the humidity is not excessively high. The temperature is also controlled so that the temperature in the constant temperature chamber 12 does not deviate from the set temperature when the outside air temperature fluctuates. Thus, the amount of staining of the glass to the outer circumference of the nozzle 2 is controlled to be constant, so that the quality tolerance between the manufactured preforms can be reduced.
在本發明的方法，所稱熔融玻璃的滴下包括：熔融玻璃塊從噴嘴流出口落下的現象；熔融玻璃流的前端達到承接熔融玻璃的成形模具的承接面之後，在噴嘴流出口與熔融玻璃流的前端之間形成的線狀部分斷開後，滴下分離的現象。In the method of the present invention, the so-called dropping of the molten glass includes a phenomenon in which the molten glass lump falls from the nozzle outflow port; after the front end of the molten glass flow reaches the receiving surface of the forming die for receiving the molten glass, the nozzle outflow port and the molten glass flow After the linear portion formed between the front ends is broken, the phenomenon of separation is dropped.
並且，在熔融玻璃流的前端到達上述成形模具的承接面之後進行熔融玻璃滴的分離的上述方法中，如第1圖所示，為了使熔融玻璃滴的質量一定，較佳為在藉由蓋5覆蓋在噴嘴2的下端(流出口附近)垂下的熔融玻璃的周圍的狀態下進行上述滴下。蓋5較佳為為中空圓筒狀，如第1圖所示，以不會遮擋熔融玻璃滴的落下路徑的方式設置。並且，為了減弱在噴嘴下端產生的對流所導致的上升氣流，較佳為封閉蓋5的上部。藉由該構造，能使熔融玻璃斷開的位置穩定，從而能夠減小玻璃滴的質量偏差。Further, in the above method of separating the molten glass droplets after the tip end of the molten glass flow reaches the receiving surface of the molding die, as shown in Fig. 1, in order to make the quality of the molten glass droplet constant, it is preferable to cover 5 The above-described dropping is performed in a state where the periphery of the molten glass hanging down the lower end of the nozzle 2 (near the outflow port) is covered. The cover 5 is preferably in the shape of a hollow cylinder, and as shown in Fig. 1, is provided so as not to block the falling path of the molten glass droplets. Further, in order to reduce the upward flow caused by the convection generated at the lower end of the nozzle, it is preferable to close the upper portion of the cover 5. With this configuration, the position at which the molten glass is broken can be stabilized, and the mass deviation of the glass drop can be reduced.
決定上述線狀部分的長短的主要因素是玻璃中的SiO2 的含量，當SiO2 的含量增多(例如，超過20質量%)時線狀部分變長，當SiO2 的含量變少(例如，20質量%以下)時線狀部分變短。就SiO2 的含量多、形成長的線狀部分的玻璃而言，受到熔融玻璃流的前端達到成形模具的承接面時的衝擊，線狀部分容易斷開，因此熔融玻璃的滴下效率提高。The main factor determining the length of the above-mentioned linear portion is the content of SiO 2 in the glass. When the content of SiO 2 is increased (for example, more than 20% by mass), the linear portion becomes long, and when the content of SiO 2 becomes small (for example, When the amount is 20% by mass or less, the linear portion becomes short. When the glass having a large content of SiO 2 and forming a long linear portion is subjected to an impact when the tip end of the molten glass flow reaches the receiving surface of the molding die, the linear portion is easily broken, so that the dropping efficiency of the molten glass is improved.
因此，較佳為使承接落下的熔融玻璃的成形模具的承接面與噴嘴前端的距離形成一定，並以固定周期來進行熔融玻璃的滴下。藉由該構成，可在每次滴下時，使線狀部分的長度、熔融玻璃流的前端到達成形模具的承接面時的衝擊發生的時點(timing)穩定化，從而可以減小玻璃滴的質量偏差。Therefore, it is preferable that the distance between the receiving surface of the molding die for receiving the dropped molten glass and the tip end of the nozzle is constant, and the molten glass is dropped at a fixed cycle. According to this configuration, it is possible to stabilize the timing at which the length of the linear portion and the tip end of the molten glass flow reach the receiving surface of the forming mold at the time of dropping, thereby reducing the quality of the glass drop. deviation.
蓋5覆蓋噴嘴2的下端(流出口)週邊即可，不必覆蓋熔融玻璃滴的整個滴下路徑，蓋5的長度較佳為能夠覆蓋相當於從噴嘴2的下端(流出口)到成形模具的承接面的距離的1/5~4/5的部分，較佳為能夠覆蓋相當於從噴嘴2的下端(流出口)到成形模具的承接面的距離的3/10~7/10的部分。The cover 5 covers the periphery of the lower end (outlet) of the nozzle 2, and does not have to cover the entire dropping path of the molten glass drop, and the length of the cover 5 is preferably capable of covering the receiving from the lower end (outflow port) of the nozzle 2 to the forming die. The portion of 1/5 to 4/5 of the surface distance preferably covers a portion corresponding to 3/10 to 7/10 of the distance from the lower end (outflow port) of the nozzle 2 to the receiving surface of the molding die.
當蓋5為中空圓筒狀時，如果其口徑過大，會導致操作性降低，難以使蓋5內的氣氛穩定化，如果過小，流出的熔融玻璃會附著在蓋5的表面上，或者有時會與噴嘴2或管1等接觸。另外，如後所述，當朝在噴嘴2的下端垂下的熔融玻璃施加風壓來促使滴下時，如果口徑過小，則在噴嘴周圍難以形成穩定的氣流。應考慮上述各點來適當地設定蓋5的口徑，以使質量公差減小。When the lid 5 has a hollow cylindrical shape, if the diameter is too large, the workability is lowered, and it is difficult to stabilize the atmosphere in the lid 5. If it is too small, the molten glass that flows out may adhere to the surface of the lid 5, or sometimes It will come into contact with the nozzle 2 or the tube 1 and the like. Further, as will be described later, when wind pressure is applied to the molten glass hanging down the lower end of the nozzle 2 to promote dripping, if the diameter is too small, it is difficult to form a stable airflow around the nozzle. The caliber of the cover 5 should be appropriately set in consideration of the above points to reduce the mass tolerance.
上述蓋5具有使在噴嘴2的下端垂下的熔融玻璃的冷卻速度變慢的作用。即，藉由蓋5對垂下的熔融玻璃進行保溫，使玻璃的黏度上升的速度變慢，從而可以將線狀部分的黏度保持在適於分離的範圍內，還可以使玻璃滴的黏度位於適於玻璃球狀化的範圍內。The cover 5 has a function of slowing the cooling rate of the molten glass that hangs down the lower end of the nozzle 2. That is, by keeping the molten glass hanging down by the lid 5, the viscosity of the glass is increased, and the viscosity of the linear portion can be maintained within a range suitable for separation, and the viscosity of the glass drop can be adjusted. Within the scope of spheroidization of the glass.
另外較佳為，蓋5由絕緣體構成，並且如第1圖所示，在蓋的周圍配置高頻線圈6並使高頻電流流過該高頻線圈6，藉此對噴嘴進行高頻感應加熱。依據該構成，能夠感應加熱由鉑或鉑合金等形成的噴嘴而不感應加熱蓋5，並且能夠控制噴嘴2的溫度以不使玻璃失透並維持期望的流出量。Further, it is preferable that the cover 5 is made of an insulator, and as shown in Fig. 1, a high frequency coil 6 is disposed around the cover, and a high-frequency current flows through the high frequency coil 6, whereby the nozzle is subjected to high frequency induction heating. . According to this configuration, it is possible to inductively heat a nozzle formed of platinum or a platinum alloy or the like without inducing the heating cover 5, and it is possible to control the temperature of the nozzle 2 so as not to devitrify the glass and maintain a desired outflow amount.
如第1圖所示，較佳為在管1的下端和噴嘴2的外周設置氣體流路形成用蓋3。藉由設置氣體流路形成用蓋3，可在氣體流路形成用蓋3與管1和噴嘴2之間的空間中形成氣體流路4。並且，在氣體流路形成用蓋3的下端設置蓋開口部3－1，使噴嘴2的前端從該開口部突出來。較佳為分別在噴嘴2的中心軸周圍同軸地配置氣體流路形成用蓋3和氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1。另外，較佳為使從氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1排出的氣體在上述中心軸的周圍均勻地流動。As shown in Fig. 1, it is preferable to provide a gas flow path forming cover 3 at the lower end of the tube 1 and the outer circumference of the nozzle 2. By providing the gas flow path forming cover 3, the gas flow path 4 can be formed in the space between the gas flow path forming cover 3 and the tube 1 and the nozzle 2. Further, a lid opening portion 3-1 is provided at the lower end of the gas flow path forming cover 3, and the tip end of the nozzle 2 protrudes from the opening portion. It is preferable that the gas flow path forming cover 3 and the gas flow path forming cover opening portion 3-1 are disposed coaxially around the central axis of the nozzle 2, respectively. Moreover, it is preferable that the gas discharged from the gas flow path forming cover opening portion 3-1 uniformly flows around the central axis.
當作用在垂下的熔融玻璃上的重力大於使熔融玻璃停留在噴嘴下端的力時，發生熔融玻璃的滴下，藉由該方法，僅能製得依使熔融玻璃停留在噴嘴下端的力所決定的質量之玻璃滴，而無法滴下更輕的玻璃滴。相對於此，當藉由上述方法以一定的流量從氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1向下連續地噴出氣體時，由於垂下的熔融玻璃受到氣體風壓所產生之向下的力，所以能夠相應地得到更輕的玻璃滴。並且，如果藉由質量流量控制器等來控制氣體的流量以使氣體流量一定的話，能夠使玻璃滴的質量穩定化。When the gravity acting on the suspended molten glass is greater than the force that causes the molten glass to stay at the lower end of the nozzle, the dropping of the molten glass occurs, by which only the force depending on the force at which the molten glass stays at the lower end of the nozzle can be obtained. The glass of quality drops, and it is impossible to drop lighter glass drops. On the other hand, when the gas is continuously discharged downward from the gas flow path forming cover opening portion 3-1 at a constant flow rate by the above-described method, the downward molten glass is subjected to the downward force generated by the gas pressure. Therefore, a lighter glass drop can be obtained accordingly. Further, if the flow rate of the gas is controlled by the mass flow controller or the like so that the gas flow rate is constant, the quality of the glass drop can be stabilized.
上述熔融玻璃滴下後的成形，較佳為在朝產生的熔融玻璃滴施加風壓而使其浮動的狀態下進行。The molding after the molten glass is dropped is preferably carried out while applying a wind pressure to the generated molten glass droplet to float.
在噴嘴的下方搬入具有第3圖所示的凹部截面的成形模具13，藉由上述凹部來承接以一定周期從噴嘴滴下的玻璃滴14，將玻璃滴14以滾入或滑入的方式導入到凹部內，藉由從設置在凹部底部的氣體噴出口向上噴出的氣體使玻璃滴14在凹部內上下移動並形成為球狀，藉此製得預製件。較佳為藉由下述方法來進行預製件之量產：準備複數個成形模具13，依序將成形模具搬入噴嘴下方來承接玻璃滴14，將承接到玻璃滴14的成形模具13從噴嘴下方搬出，將空的成形模具13向噴嘴下方搬入。邊移動成形模具13邊在凹部內將玻璃滴14成形為預製件，在冷卻至預製件不會變形的溫度範圍之後，從成形模具13取出預製件，作為空的成形模具而再次搬入噴嘴下方。可藉由對複數個成形模具的每一個依序進行該步驟來量產預製件，得到預製件群。The molding die 13 having the concave portion cross section shown in FIG. 3 is carried under the nozzle, and the glass drip 14 dropped from the nozzle at a predetermined cycle is received by the concave portion, and the glass drip 14 is introduced into the sliding or sliding manner. In the concave portion, the glass drop 14 is moved up and down in the concave portion by a gas ejected upward from the gas discharge port provided at the bottom of the concave portion, and is formed into a spherical shape, thereby preparing a preform. Preferably, the mass production of the preform is carried out by preparing a plurality of forming dies 13, sequentially moving the forming dies under the nozzles to receive the glass drops 14, and forming the forming dies 13 attached to the glass drops 14 from below the nozzles. When it is carried out, the empty molding die 13 is carried into the lower side of the nozzle. The glass drop 14 is formed into a preform in the concave portion while moving the molding die 13, and after cooling to a temperature range in which the preform is not deformed, the preform is taken out from the molding die 13, and is again carried under the nozzle as an empty molding die. The preform can be mass-produced by sequentially performing this step on each of a plurality of forming dies to obtain a preform group.
如上所述，根據本發明的方法，能夠抑制會導致預製件的質量變動的噴嘴流出口的振動和玻璃沾濡量的變動，從而可生產出預製件間的質量公差小的預製件群。As described above, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the vibration of the nozzle outflow which causes the quality of the preform to vary, and the variation in the amount of glass smearing, thereby producing a preform group having a small mass tolerance between the preforms.
下面，針對本發明的光學元件之製造方法進行說明。Next, a method of manufacturing an optical element of the present invention will be described.
本發明的光學元件之製造方法的特徵在於：對本發明的玻璃製預製件群或藉由本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法製得的玻璃製預製件群中的預製件進行加熱、精密模壓成形。The method for producing an optical element according to the present invention is characterized in that the preform of the glass preform of the present invention or the preform of the glass preform produced by the method for producing a glass preform of the present invention is heated and precision molded. Forming.
精密模壓成形是使用包括上模具、下模具、體模具的模壓成形模具，加熱預製件，進行模壓成形，將模壓成形模具的成形面的形狀正確地轉印形成在玻璃上的方法。上模具、下模具、體模具等各個模具之製造方法及其材質，在上模具、下模具的成形面上形成的脫模用膜及其形成方法，進行精密模壓成形的氣氛的種類等可以使用公知技術。The precision press molding is a method in which a preform is formed by using a press molding die including an upper die, a lower die, and a die, and the preform is heated, and the shape of the molding surface of the press die is accurately transferred onto the glass. The method for producing each of the molds such as the upper mold, the lower mold, and the body mold, and the material thereof, the release mold film formed on the molding surface of the upper mold and the lower mold, and the method for forming the same, and the type of atmosphere for precision press molding can be used. Known technology.
關於精密模壓成形法的一例，如第4圖所示，把球狀預製件19配置在凹面形狀的下模具16(***到體模具15內)的成形面中心，以使成形面與下模具16的成形面相對向的方式將上模具17***到體模具15內。在該狀態下一起加熱預製件19和模壓成形模具(體模具15、下模具16、上模具17)，在構成預製件19的玻璃的溫度，例如上升到顯示106 dPa．s的黏度的溫度時，降下推桿18，用上模具17和下模具16對預製件19進行加壓。被加壓的預製件19，在由上模具17、下模具16、體模具15包圍的空間(稱為模穴)內擴展開。如上所述，將玻璃製預製件19施以模壓，將玻璃填充到模壓成形模具處於閉模狀態下所形成的密閉空間內。As an example of the precision press molding method, as shown in Fig. 4, the spherical preform 19 is placed at the center of the molding surface of the concave lower mold 16 (inserted into the body mold 15) so that the molding surface and the lower mold 16 are formed. The upper mold 17 is inserted into the body mold 15 in such a manner that the forming faces are opposed to each other. In this state, the preform 19 and the press molding mold (the body mold 15, the lower mold 16, and the upper mold 17) are heated together, and the temperature of the glass constituting the preform 19 is raised, for example, to 10 6 dPa. At the temperature of the viscosity of s, the pusher 18 is lowered, and the preform 19 is pressurized by the upper mold 17 and the lower mold 16. The pressurized preform 19 is expanded in a space (referred to as a cavity) surrounded by the upper mold 17, the lower mold 16, and the body mold 15. As described above, the glass preform 19 is molded, and the glass is filled into a sealed space formed by the mold forming mold in a mold closing state.
預先精密地形成閉模狀態下的上模具17、下模具16、體模具15的各個成形面的相對位置、面法線的夾角。只要使用該模壓成形模具來進行上述成形，即能以高精度的相互位置關係、角度來形成光學功能面和定位基準面。The relative positions of the respective molding faces of the upper mold 17, the lower mold 16, and the body mold 15 in the mold closing state and the angle between the surface normals are precisely formed in advance. When the above-described molding is performed using the press molding die, the optical functional surface and the positioning reference surface can be formed with high-precision mutual positional relationship and angle.
以透鏡的成形為例，將上模具成形面的中央部作為轉印成形透鏡的光學功能面(透鏡面)的部分，將上模具成形面的週邊部作為轉印成形突緣平坦部的部分，使其成為環帶狀。對於下模具成形面，也同樣將成形面中央部作為轉印成形透鏡面的部分，將成形面週邊部作為轉印成形突緣平坦部的部分，使其成為環帶狀。在模壓成形結束之前，正確地維持上下模具的方向的相對、以及上下模具的中心軸的一致。Taking the lens forming as an example, the central portion of the upper mold forming surface is a portion of the optical functional surface (lens surface) of the transfer molded lens, and the peripheral portion of the upper mold forming surface is a portion of the transfer forming flange flat portion. Make it a band shape. Similarly to the lower mold forming surface, the central portion of the forming surface is a portion for transferring the formed lens surface, and the peripheral portion of the forming surface is formed as a portion of the flat portion of the transfer forming flange to have an endless belt shape. Before the end of the press molding, the direction of the upper and lower dies is correctly maintained, and the central axes of the upper and lower dies are aligned.
藉由將玻璃填充到模壓成形模具處於閉模的狀態下所形成的密閉空間內，將體模具貫穿孔的內面轉印到玻璃上。精密地形成體模具貫穿孔的中心軸和上述貫穿孔內面的角度，在模壓成形結束之前，精密地維持上述貫穿孔的中心軸與上下模具中心軸的一致，藉此例如第5圖所示，能夠精密地形成具有兩個透鏡面20、21、兩個突緣平坦部22、23、以及轉印體模具的內面而形成的側端(突緣平坦部22、23的側面)24的透鏡，並且可正確地形成上述各部的相對位置和各面的夾角。The inner surface of the through-hole of the body mold is transferred onto the glass by filling the glass into a sealed space formed in a state where the press-molding mold is closed. The angle between the central axis of the through hole and the inner surface of the through hole is precisely formed, and the central axis of the through hole and the central axis of the upper and lower molds are precisely maintained until the end of the press molding, for example, as shown in FIG. The side ends (the side faces of the flange flat portions 22, 23) 24 having the two lens faces 20, 21, the two flange flat portions 22, 23, and the inner faces of the transfer body mold can be precisely formed. The lens, and the relative position of each of the above portions and the angle between the faces can be correctly formed.
藉由本發明的方法製得的光學元件，除了光學功能面之外還具有定位基準面。例如，透鏡的定位基準面，是用於決定透鏡彼此的間隔的基準面和用於正確地使透鏡的光軸彼此一致的基準面，藉由使這些基準面與保持具抵接，能夠準確地對準各個透鏡。就上述例子來說，將突緣平坦部22、23中的一方作為第一定位基準面，使該基準面與保持具抵接，藉此可以準確地對透鏡之間的距離進行定位。較佳為對另一方的突緣平坦面施加用於維持上述抵接狀態的壓力，維持將透鏡固定在保持具上的狀態。另外，以側端24作為第二定位基準面，而作為使透鏡的光軸正確地保持一致的基準面來使用。The optical element produced by the method of the invention has a positioning reference plane in addition to the optical functional surface. For example, the positioning reference surface of the lens is a reference surface for determining the interval between the lenses and a reference surface for accurately matching the optical axes of the lenses. By bringing these reference surfaces into contact with the holder, it is possible to accurately Align each lens. In the above example, one of the flange flat portions 22 and 23 is used as the first positioning reference surface, and the reference surface is brought into contact with the holder, whereby the distance between the lenses can be accurately positioned. It is preferable to apply a pressure for maintaining the above-mentioned abutting state to the other flange flat surface, and to maintain the state in which the lens is fixed to the holder. Further, the side end 24 is used as the second positioning reference surface, and is used as a reference surface for accurately maintaining the optical axis of the lens.
在光學元件，較佳為藉由精密模壓成形來形成至少兩面以上、具體地說是兩面或三面的定位基準面。較佳為使上述兩面或三面的定位基準面相互不平行。當這樣使用相互不平行的兩個基準面來定位光學元件時，能夠高精度地決定光學系統中的光學元件的定位和方向。如透鏡般具有旋轉對稱性的光學元件時，具有兩個定位基準面即可。當為稜鏡般不具有旋轉對稱性的光學元件時，藉由形成三個定位基準面，能夠高精度地決定在光學系統的位置和在該位置的方向。In the optical element, it is preferable to form a positioning reference surface of at least two or more, specifically two or three sides by precision press molding. Preferably, the two or three side positioning reference faces are not parallel to each other. When the optical elements are positioned using two reference faces that are not parallel to each other in this way, the positioning and orientation of the optical elements in the optical system can be determined with high precision. When an optical element having a rotational symmetry like a lens has two positioning reference planes. When an optical element having no rotational symmetry is used as it is, by forming three positioning reference planes, the position of the optical system and the direction at the position can be determined with high precision.
為了提高玻璃在上下模具成形面上的脫模性而設置脫模用膜，由於難以在體模具的內面(***上模具、下模具之貫穿孔的內面)設置厚度均勻的脫模用膜，因此在轉印到側端的成形面上通常不設置脫模用膜。因此，為了在模壓成形時防止玻璃熔接在體模具的內面上，較佳為在玻璃不會破損的範圍內使側端24的面積儘可能縮小，使玻璃與體模具的接觸面積為必要的最小限度。然而，在對側端厚度(突緣平坦部22、23之間的距離)薄的透鏡施以精密模壓成形時，玻璃是從成為透鏡面的部分開始填充，並逐漸向體模具方向擴展開，此時，由於轉印成形兩個突緣平坦部22、23的上模具成形面和下模具成形面之間的空間的容積小，只要構成預製件的玻璃的量些微過剩時，玻璃就會從上述空間擠出，從而產生成形毛邊；而只要上述玻璃的量些微不足時，即便進行模壓玻璃也不會到達體模具，從而無法形成應成為定位基準面的側端。即，在用於成形上述光學元件的預製件的全部質量中，僅允許存在極小量的過多或者過少量，但是在本發明的方法中，由於相對於目標的透鏡質量可正確決定所製得的預製件的質量，因此即使側端厚度薄的情形，也能轉印體模具的內面而成形出側端(具備定位基準面的功能)，並且不會產生成形毛邊而導致必須停止光學元件的量產步驟停止的情況。In order to improve the mold release property of the glass on the upper and lower mold forming surfaces, a film for mold release is provided, and it is difficult to provide a film for mold release having a uniform thickness on the inner surface of the body mold (the inner surface of the through hole of the upper mold and the lower mold). Therefore, a film for mold release is usually not provided on the forming surface transferred to the side end. Therefore, in order to prevent the glass from being welded to the inner surface of the body mold during press molding, it is preferable to reduce the area of the side end 24 as much as possible within a range in which the glass is not broken, so that the contact area between the glass and the body mold is necessary. Minimal. However, when the lens having a thin side end thickness (the distance between the flange flat portions 22 and 23) is subjected to precision press molding, the glass is filled from the portion which becomes the lens surface, and gradually spreads toward the body mold. At this time, since the volume of the space between the upper mold forming surface and the lower mold forming surface of the two flange flat portions 22 and 23 is small, as long as the amount of glass constituting the preform is excessively small, the glass is removed from the glass. The space is extruded to form a formed burr. When the amount of the glass is slightly insufficient, the molded glass does not reach the body mold, and the side end to be the positioning reference surface cannot be formed. That is, only a very small amount or too small amount is allowed to be present in the entire mass of the preform for forming the above optical element, but in the method of the present invention, the obtained quality can be correctly determined due to the lens quality with respect to the target. The quality of the preform, so that even if the thickness of the side end is thin, the inner surface of the body mold can be transferred to form the side end (the function of positioning the reference surface), and the forming burr is not generated, so that the optical element must be stopped. The case where the mass production step is stopped.
在本發明的方法較佳為，使轉印上模具的成形面而形成的面與轉印體模具的成形面而形成的面所構成的稜部及/或轉印下模具的成形面而形成的面與轉印體模具的成形面而形成的面所構成的稜部為自由表面，以這種方式將玻璃製預製件施以精密模壓成形。In the method of the present invention, it is preferable that the rib formed by the surface formed by transferring the molding surface of the upper mold and the surface formed by the molding surface of the transfer mold and/or the molding surface of the transfer mold is formed. The rib formed by the face formed by the face and the forming surface of the transfer body mold is a free surface, and the glass preform is subjected to precision press molding in this manner.
只要如上述般精密地形成側端和突緣平坦部，就不會影響定位功能，例如，在第5圖所示的透鏡中，當稜部25或稜部26銳利時，在嵌入保持具時會出現稜部破損、或者稜部刮削保持具的情況，而導致產生塵埃。由於塵埃附著在攝影元件的受光面上會造成畫質大幅降低，為了防止出現這樣的麻煩，較佳為成形為具有自由表面所構成的稜部之光學元件。另外，藉由使上述稜部為自由表面，即使在預製件之間產生若干質量公差的情形，稜部可發揮體積調整的作用，從而可避免出現產生成形毛邊或玻璃的填充不充分的問題。As long as the side end and the flange flat portion are precisely formed as described above, the positioning function is not affected. For example, in the lens shown in Fig. 5, when the ridge portion 25 or the ridge portion 26 is sharp, when the holder is embedded, There is a case where the rib is broken or the rib is scraped and the holder is caught, resulting in dust. Since dust adheres to the light receiving surface of the image forming element, the image quality is greatly lowered. In order to prevent such trouble, it is preferable to form an optical element having a ridge portion formed by a free surface. Further, by making the above-mentioned ridges a free surface, even if a certain mass tolerance is generated between the preforms, the ribs can function as a volume adjustment, so that the problem of insufficient formation of the formed burrs or the glass can be avoided.
可以根據需要，在如此般製造的光學元件上形成反射防止膜等光學多層膜。An optical multilayer film such as an anti-reflection film can be formed on the optical element thus manufactured as needed.
以下，藉由實施例對本發明做更詳細的說明，但是本發明不限於這些實施例。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
實施例1(玻璃製預製件群的製造例)首先，為了得到具有期望的光學特性、玻璃轉化溫度的光學玻璃，稱量、調合玻璃原料並對其進行充分的攪拌，然後將其導入到熔融容器內並進行加熱、熔融、澄清、攪拌，由此得到均勻的熔融玻璃。該玻璃含有B2 O3 、SiO2 、BaO、Li2 O，折射率nd為1.58313，阿貝數ν d為59.46。Example 1 (Production Example of Glass Preform Group) First, in order to obtain an optical glass having desired optical characteristics and a glass transition temperature, a glass raw material was weighed and blended, and sufficiently stirred, and then introduced into a molten glass. The inside of the vessel is heated, melted, clarified, and stirred to obtain a uniform molten glass. The glass contained B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , BaO, and Li 2 O, and had a refractive index nd of 1.58313 and an Abbe number ν d of 59.46.
使用第1圖所示的裝置，由上述熔融玻璃來生產3000個目標質量為100mg的玻璃製預製件。Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, 3000 preforms of glass having a target mass of 100 mg were produced from the above molten glass.
在此，將包括熔融容器的玻璃熔融裝置裝載在防振台上。在防振台上設置讓管1(用於使玻璃流下)通過的開口部，通過該開口部使管1從上述容器垂下，在管1的下端安裝有使熔融玻璃流出的噴嘴2。利用上述構造，藉由防振台可阻斷來自設置上述設備的建築物的振動，而使振動不致傳至噴嘴2。Here, a glass melting device including a melting vessel is loaded on the vibration isolating table. An opening for allowing the tube 1 (for allowing the glass to flow down) is provided in the vibration isolating table, and the tube 1 is suspended from the container through the opening, and a nozzle 2 for discharging the molten glass is attached to the lower end of the tube 1. With the above configuration, the vibration from the building in which the above-described apparatus is installed can be blocked by the vibration-proof stage, so that the vibration is not transmitted to the nozzle 2.
在噴嘴2的下方配置有成形模具，管1的下端部分、噴嘴2、以及成形模具配置在恒溫室內，用空調將該恒溫室的內部氣氛控制在溫度為25℃、相對濕度為10~95%的範圍內。依據上述構造，可控制設置在噴嘴2的下端的熔融玻璃流出口附近的溫度和濕度，而將噴嘴外周面的熔融玻璃的沾濡性控制為一定。A molding die is disposed below the nozzle 2, and the lower end portion of the tube 1, the nozzle 2, and the molding die are disposed in a constant temperature chamber, and the internal atmosphere of the constant temperature chamber is controlled by an air conditioner at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 10 to 95%. In the range. According to the above configuration, the temperature and humidity in the vicinity of the molten glass outflow port provided at the lower end of the nozzle 2 can be controlled, and the adhesion of the molten glass on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle can be controlled to be constant.
經由與熔融容器底部連接的管1，從安裝在管1下端的噴嘴2以一定流量流出熔融玻璃。控制噴嘴2、管1、以及熔融容器各個的溫度，以使玻璃成為不會失透且成為可獲得期望流出量的黏度。The molten glass is discharged from the nozzle 2 attached to the lower end of the tube 1 at a constant flow rate through the tube 1 connected to the bottom of the melting vessel. The temperature of each of the nozzle 2, the tube 1, and the melting vessel is controlled so that the glass does not devitrify and becomes a viscosity at which a desired outflow amount can be obtained.
如第1圖所示，在管1的下端和噴嘴2的外周設置有氣體流路形成用蓋3，在管1和噴嘴2與氣體流路形成用蓋3之間的空間中形成有氣體流路4。並且，在氣體流路形成用蓋3的下端設置有開口部3－1，噴嘴2的前端從該開口部突出。噴嘴2、氣體流路形成用蓋3、氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1較佳為，分別在噴嘴2的中心軸的周圍對稱地配置成同軸狀。另外，從氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1排出的氣體較佳為，在上述中心軸的周圍均勻地流動。As shown in Fig. 1, a gas flow path forming cover 3 is provided at the lower end of the pipe 1 and the outer periphery of the nozzle 2, and a gas flow is formed in a space between the pipe 1 and the nozzle 2 and the gas flow path forming cover 3. Road 4. Further, an opening portion 3-1 is provided at a lower end of the gas flow path forming cover 3, and a tip end of the nozzle 2 protrudes from the opening. The nozzle 2, the gas flow path forming cover 3, and the gas flow path forming cover opening 3-1 are preferably arranged coaxially around the central axis of the nozzle 2, respectively. Moreover, it is preferable that the gas discharged from the gas flow path forming cover opening portion 3-1 uniformly flows around the central axis.
在本實施例中，調整管1的內徑、噴嘴2的內外徑、管1和噴嘴2的溫度並控制氣體的流出量，以使在噴嘴2的下端垂下的熔融玻璃以一定周期落下。從噴嘴2的流出口流出的熔融玻璃在噴嘴的下端垂下，對垂下的熔融玻璃，從氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1以一定流量連續地噴出向下的氣體，藉此施加向下的風壓，而可獲得更輕的玻璃滴。並且，只要用質量流量控制器等來控制氣體的流量以使氣體流量一定，即可使玻璃滴的質量穩定化。In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the tube 1, the inner and outer diameters of the nozzle 2, the temperature of the tube 1 and the nozzle 2, and the outflow amount of the gas are controlled so that the molten glass hanging down the lower end of the nozzle 2 falls at a certain period. The molten glass that has flowed out from the outlet of the nozzle 2 is suspended at the lower end of the nozzle, and the downward flow of the gas is continuously discharged from the gas flow path forming cover opening 3-1 at a constant flow rate. Wind pressure, and a lighter glass drop can be obtained. Further, the mass of the glass droplet can be stabilized by controlling the flow rate of the gas with a mass flow controller or the like to make the gas flow rate constant.
如第1圖所示，在噴嘴2和氣體流路形成用蓋3的周圍安裝有蓋5。蓋5覆蓋相當於從噴嘴2的下端(流出口)到後述的成形模具的承接面的距離的1/3~1/2的部分，另外蓋5的上部封閉。蓋5的下方開口，因此不會遮擋熔融玻璃的滴下路徑。藉由蓋5降低外部氣氛所導致的外部干擾(例如噴嘴周圍的上升氣流)，以在蓋5內形成穩定狀態的氣氛，也使從氣體流路形成用蓋開口部3－1噴出的氣體恒穩定地向下流動。As shown in Fig. 1, a cover 5 is attached around the nozzle 2 and the gas flow path forming cover 3. The cover 5 covers a portion corresponding to 1/3 to 1/2 of the distance from the lower end (outflow port) of the nozzle 2 to the receiving surface of a molding die to be described later, and the upper portion of the cover 5 is closed. The lower opening of the cover 5 does not block the dropping path of the molten glass. The external disturbance caused by the external atmosphere (for example, the ascending airflow around the nozzle) is reduced by the cover 5 to form a stable atmosphere in the cover 5, and the gas ejected from the gas flow path forming cover opening portion 3-1 is also constant. Flows steadily downwards.
在蓋5的外側配置高頻感應線圈6並使高頻電流流過，藉此對噴嘴2進行高頻感應加熱。較佳為用耐熱性的絕緣體來製造蓋5，以使其不會被感應加熱，作為該絕緣體較佳為使用石英玻璃等。當如上所述用透明的耐熱性絕緣體來製造蓋5時，可以從外側觀察到蓋5的內部。The high frequency induction coil 6 is disposed outside the cover 5 and a high frequency current is passed therethrough, whereby the nozzle 2 is subjected to high frequency induction heating. It is preferable to manufacture the lid 5 with a heat-resistant insulator so as not to be inductively heated, and it is preferable to use quartz glass or the like as the insulator. When the cover 5 is manufactured with a transparent heat-resistant insulator as described above, the inside of the cover 5 can be observed from the outside.
落下的熔融玻璃由待機在噴嘴下方的成形模具接住。為了使玻璃滴的質量穩定，使待機的成形模具的承接熔融玻璃下端的承接面與噴嘴下端的距離固定，由此來承接落下的熔融玻璃的下端，並利用熔融玻璃到達承接面時的衝擊而使玻璃在線狀部分斷開。第3圖顯示上述成形模具的垂直截面圖。用成形模具13的承接面13－1來承接熔融玻璃滴14。由於承接面13－1朝設置成形模具13的上面所設的凹部13－2之底部方向傾斜，熔融玻璃滴14會從承接面13－1滑入(滾入)到凹部13－2內。The dropped molten glass is caught by a forming mold that stands by under the nozzle. In order to stabilize the quality of the glass drop, the distance between the receiving surface of the standby molding die that receives the lower end of the molten glass and the lower end of the nozzle is fixed, thereby receiving the lower end of the dropped molten glass and utilizing the impact when the molten glass reaches the receiving surface. Disconnect the glass in a linear portion. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing the above-mentioned forming mold. The molten glass drop 14 is received by the receiving surface 13-1 of the forming die 13. Since the receiving surface 13-1 is inclined toward the bottom of the concave portion 13-2 provided on the upper surface of the forming mold 13, the molten glass drop 14 is slid (rolled in) into the concave portion 13-2 from the receiving surface 13-1.
如第3圖所示，凹部13－2的截面具有從下向上擴展為喇叭狀的形狀，在凹部13－2的底部設置有一個向上噴出氣體的氣體噴出口。導入凹部13－2的熔融玻璃滴14，朝向凹部底部一邊沿凹部內壁滾動一邊下降，由於凹部的內徑隨著下行而減小，玻璃滴14越往下降受到的向上風壓越強。結果，玻璃滴14在凹部13－2內上升，當上升時向上的風壓變弱，所以再次一邊沿凹部內壁滾動一邊下降。像這樣，玻璃滴14在短時間內重複以下運動：在凹部內上升，然後一邊滾動一邊下降。由於熔融玻璃滴沿凹部內壁滾動的方向是隨機的，所以在重複上述運動的過程中玻璃滴14一邊形成為球狀一邊冷卻，而成形為球狀預製件。當冷卻到預製件不會變形的溫度時取出凹部13－2內的預製件，並以玻璃不會破裂的速度將其冷卻至室溫。As shown in Fig. 3, the cross section of the recess 13-2 has a flared shape from the bottom to the top, and a gas discharge port for ejecting gas upward is provided at the bottom of the recess 13-2. The molten glass drop 14 introduced into the concave portion 13-2 descends toward the bottom of the concave portion while rolling toward the inner wall of the concave portion, and the inner diameter of the concave portion decreases as it goes downward, and the upward wind pressure which the glass drop 14 receives as it descends is stronger. As a result, the glass drop 14 rises in the concave portion 13-2, and when it rises, the upward wind pressure becomes weak, so that it descends while rolling along the inner wall of the concave portion. In this manner, the glass drop 14 repeats the following movement in a short time: it rises in the concave portion, and then descends while rolling. Since the direction in which the molten glass droplets roll along the inner wall of the concave portion is random, the glass drop 14 is formed into a spherical shape while being cooled while being repeatedly formed, and is formed into a spherical preform. The preform in the recess 13-2 is taken out when cooled to a temperature at which the preform does not deform, and is cooled to room temperature at a rate at which the glass does not break.
藉由使用複數個成形模具來重複上述步驟，可量產相等質量的球狀預製件。這樣，得到由3000個平均質量MAV 為100.16mg、質量公差的比例為±0.21×MAV %以內的球狀光學玻璃製預製件所構成的預製件群。另外，上述平均質量MAV 和質量公差的比例，是從得到的複數個預製件中取出500個而求出的值。By repeating the above steps using a plurality of forming dies, spherical preforms of equal mass can be mass-produced. Thus, a preform group composed of 3,000 spherical optical glass preforms having an average mass M AV of 100.16 mg and a mass tolerance of ±0.21 × M AV % was obtained. Further, the ratio of the average mass M AV to the mass tolerance is a value obtained by taking out 500 pieces from the plurality of obtained preforms.
實施例2(玻璃製預製件群的製造例)除了使用含有B2 O3 、SiO2 、La2 O3 、ZnO、CaO、Li2 O，折射率nd為1.69350，阿貝數ν d為53.20的光學玻璃以外，與實施例1同樣地製造預製件群，得到由3000個平均質量MAV 為99.88mg、質量公差的比例為±0.27×MAV %以內的球狀光學玻璃製預製件構成的預製件群。Example 2 (Production Example of Glass Preform Group) In addition to the use of B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , La 2 O 3 , ZnO, CaO, Li 2 O, the refractive index nd was 1.69350, and the Abbe number ν d was 53.20. A preform group was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the optical glass, and a spherical optical glass preform having a mass average of M AV of 99.88 mg and a mass tolerance of ±0.27 × M AV % was obtained. Prefabricated group.
另外，上述平均質量MAV 和質量公差的比例，是從得到的複數個預製件中取出500個而求出的值。Further, the ratio of the average mass M AV to the mass tolerance is a value obtained by taking out 500 pieces from the plurality of obtained preforms.
實施例3(玻璃製預製件群的製造例)除了使用含有P2 O5 、Nb2 O5 、TiO2 、BaO、Li2 O，折射率nd為1.82114，阿貝數ν d為24.06的光學玻璃以外，與實施例1同樣地製造預製件群，得到由3000個平均質量MAV 為99.81mg、質量公差的比例為±0.31×MAV %以內的球狀光學玻璃製預製件構成的預製件群。Example 3 (Production Example of Glass Preform Group) Except for the use of P 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , BaO, Li 2 O, the refractive index nd was 1.82114, and the Abbe's number ν d was 24.06. In the same manner as in Example 1, a preform group was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and a preform composed of 3,000 spherical optical glass preforms having an average mass M AV of 99.81 mg and a mass tolerance of ±0.31 × M AV % was obtained. group.
另外，上述平均質量MAV 和質量公差的比例，是從得到的複數個預製件中取出500個而求出的值。Further, the ratio of the average mass M AV to the mass tolerance is a value obtained by taking out 500 pieces from the plurality of obtained preforms.
實施例4(玻璃製預製件群的製造例)除了不控制噴嘴2的下端(流出口)的溫度和濕度以外，與實施例1~3同樣地製造預製件群，得到由3000個平均質量MAV 為100.25mg、質量公差的比例為±0.43×MAV %以內的球狀的光學玻璃製預製件構成的複數個預製件群。Example 4 (Production Example of Glass Preform Group) A preform group was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the temperature and humidity of the lower end (outlet) of the nozzle 2 were not controlled, and 3000 average masses were obtained. A plurality of preforms composed of spherical optical glass preforms having an AV of 100.25 mg and a mass tolerance of ±0.43 × M AV %.
另外，上述平均質量MAV 和質量公差的比例，是從得到的複數個預製件群中分別取出500個而求出的值。Further, the ratio of the average mass M AV to the mass tolerance is a value obtained by taking out 500 pieces from the plurality of obtained preform groups.
實施例5(玻璃製預製件群的製造例)除了不設置防振台以外，與實施例1~3同樣地製造預製件群，得到由3000個平均質量MAV 為100.38mg、質量公差的比例為±0.47×MAV %以內的球狀光學玻璃製預製件構成的複數個預製件群。Example 5 (Production Example of Glass Preform Group) A preform group was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the vibration isolating stage was not provided, and a ratio of 3000 average masses M AV of 100.38 mg and mass tolerance was obtained. A plurality of preform groups composed of spherical optical glass preforms within ±0.47 × M AV %.
另外，上述平均質量MAV 和質量公差的比例。是從得到的複數個預製件群中分別取出500個而求出的值。In addition, the ratio of the above average mass M AV to the mass tolerance. It is a value obtained by taking out 500 pieces from the obtained plurality of preform groups.
比較例1(玻璃製預製件群的製造例)除了不控制噴嘴2的下端(流出口)的溫度和濕度、不設置防振台以外，與實施例1~3同樣地製造預製件群，得到由3000個平均質量MAV 為100.74mg、質量公差的比例為±0.79×MAV %以內的球狀光學玻璃製預製件構成的複數個預製件群。Comparative Example 1 (Production Example of Glass Preform Group) A preform group was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3 except that the temperature and humidity of the lower end (outlet) of the nozzle 2 were not controlled, and the vibration isolating stage was not provided. A plurality of preform groups composed of 3,000 spherical optical glass preforms having an average mass M AV of 100.74 mg and a mass tolerance ratio of ±0.79 × M AV %.
另外，上述平均質量MAV 和質量公差的比例，是從得到的各個預製件群中分別取出500個而求出的值。Further, the ratio of the average mass M AV to the mass tolerance is a value obtained by taking out 500 pieces from each of the obtained preform groups.
實施例6(光學元件的製造例)使用在實施例1~5中得到的各個預製件群，藉由精密模壓成形分別製造具有第5圖所示截面形狀的小型非球面透鏡。任何一個透鏡均未觀察到破損，並且都具有透鏡所要求的充分的光學性能。另外，各個透鏡的側端24、突緣平坦部22，係轉印模壓成形模具的成形面而成者，側端24和突緣平坦部22相交的稜部25成為帶圓角的自由表面。可確認出在各個透鏡上未產生成形毛邊。Example 6 (Production Example of Optical Element) Using each of the preform groups obtained in Examples 1 to 5, a small aspherical lens having a cross-sectional shape shown in Fig. 5 was produced by precision press molding. No damage was observed in any of the lenses and both had sufficient optical properties required by the lens. Further, the side end 24 and the flange flat portion 22 of each lens are formed by transferring the molding surface of the press molding die, and the edge portion 25 at which the side end 24 and the flange flat portion 22 intersect is a free surface having rounded corners. It was confirmed that no formed burrs were formed on the respective lenses.
這些非球面透鏡，具備行動電話中內設的攝影裝置的攝影光學系統的透鏡之作用。將所製得的透鏡、和除了形狀以外以完全相同的方法製造的具有側端和突緣平坦部(作為定位基準面)的透鏡，組裝到透鏡保持具，並在使定位基準面與保持具抵接的狀態下進行固定，藉此能將各透鏡正確地排列在保持具內。These aspherical lenses function as lenses of the photographic optical system of the imaging device provided in the mobile phone. The lens obtained and the lens having the side end and the flange flat portion (as a positioning reference surface) manufactured in the same manner except for the shape are assembled to the lens holder, and the positioning reference surface and the holder are placed The fixing is performed in the abutting state, whereby the lenses can be correctly aligned in the holder.
將上述實施例1~5和比較例1進行對比可知，藉由對熔融玻璃的流出口採取防振措施及/或控制其氣氛溫度和濕度，即使得到的構成預製件群的預製件的平均質量小至100mg的程度時，也可以降低預製件之間的質量公差。另外，由上述實施例6可知，能夠以高量產性由上述各個預製件群製造出高精度的光學元件。Comparing the above Examples 1 to 5 with Comparative Example 1, it is understood that the average quality of the preforms constituting the preform group is obtained by taking anti-vibration measures for the outlet of the molten glass and/or controlling the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere. As small as 100 mg, the quality tolerance between the preforms can also be reduced. Further, as is apparent from the above-described sixth embodiment, it is possible to manufacture a high-precision optical element from each of the above-described preform groups with high productivity.
依據本發明可提供：各個預製件間的體積偏差受到了極為嚴格的控制的精密模壓成形用玻璃製預製件群、以高生產率由熔融玻璃來製造該預製件群的方法、以及由上述預製件群或者由上述方法製得的預製件群中的預製件來製造光學元件的方法。According to the present invention, there is provided a glass preform preform for precision press molding in which the volume deviation between the respective preforms is extremely strictly controlled, a method of manufacturing the preform group from molten glass with high productivity, and the above-described preform A method of manufacturing an optical component by a group or a preform in a preform group produced by the above method.
1．．．管1. . . tube
2．．．噴嘴2. . . nozzle
3．．．氣體流路形成用蓋3. . . Gas flow path forming cover
3－1．．．開口部3-1. . . Opening
4．．．氣體流路4. . . Gas flow path
5．．．蓋5. . . cover
6．．．高頻感應線圈6. . . High frequency induction coil
10．．．熔融裝置10. . . Melting device
11．．．防振台11. . . Anti-vibration table
12．．．恒溫室12. . . Constant temperature room
13．．．成形模具13. . . Forming mold
13－1．．．承接面13-1. . . Receiving surface
13－2．．．凹部13-2. . . Concave
14．．．熔融玻璃滴14. . . Molten glass drop
15．．．體模具15. . . Body mould
16．．．下模具16. . . Lower mold
17．．．上模具17. . . Upper mold
18．．．推桿18. . . Putt
19．．．玻璃製預製件19. . . Glass prefabricated parts
20、21．．．透鏡面20, 21. . . Lens surface
22、23．．．突緣狀平坦部22, 23. . . Triangular flat
24．．．側端twenty four. . . Side end
25、26．．．稜部25, 26. . . Rib
第1圖是用於說明本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法的概略圖。Fig. 1 is a schematic view for explaining a method of manufacturing a glass preform group of the present invention.
第2圖是用於說明本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造方法的概略圖。Fig. 2 is a schematic view for explaining a method of manufacturing a glass preform group of the present invention.
第3圖是用於說明本發明的玻璃製預製件群之製造中所使用的成形模具一例的概略圖。Fig. 3 is a schematic view for explaining an example of a molding die used in the production of the glass preform group of the present invention.
第4圖是用於說明本發明的光學元件之製造方法的概略圖。Fig. 4 is a schematic view for explaining a method of manufacturing an optical element of the present invention.
第5圖是用於說明本發明的方法所製得的光學元件的一例的概略圖。Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of an optical element obtained by the method of the present invention.
1．．．管1. . . tube
2．．．噴嘴2. . . nozzle
10．．．熔融裝置10. . . Melting device
11．．．防振台11. . . Anti-vibration table
12．．．恒溫室12. . . Constant temperature room
13．．．成形模具13. . . Forming mold
Claims (6)
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| JP2006268826A JP4646074B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2006-09-29 | Method for producing glass preform group and method for producing optical element |
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| JP4943495B2 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-05-30 | シャープ株式会社 | Optical element molding equipment |
| JP2011161809A (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-25 | Fujifilm Corp | Preform for molding optical element, and optical element molding method |
| CN103364852B (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2015-11-18 | 昆山西钛微电子科技有限公司 | Aspheric surface copies glue aided machining processes and device thereof |
| CN106904818B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2023-01-24 | 南京广兆测控技术有限公司 | Glass forming bead dripping furnace and glass forming system |
| CN107043206A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-15 | 湖北戈碧迦光电科技股份有限公司 | Optical glass rod mould and forming frock |
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| CN1438190A (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-08-27 | 保谷株式会社 | Method for making glass formed body and method for making optical element |
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| JP2003104744A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass sphere |
| US20050172671A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-08-11 | Hoya Corporation | Methods of manufacturing molded glass articles |
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| JP4646074B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| JP2008088006A (en) | 2008-04-17 |
| TW200829522A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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| KR20080029868A (en) | 2008-04-03 |
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| KR101389584B1 (en) | 2014-04-25 |
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