TWI383612B - 用於支援無線通信之多重多工方案之方法及裝置 - Google Patents

用於支援無線通信之多重多工方案之方法及裝置 Download PDF

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TWI383612B
TWI383612B TW096106486A TW96106486A TWI383612B TW I383612 B TWI383612 B TW I383612B TW 096106486 A TW096106486 A TW 096106486A TW 96106486 A TW96106486 A TW 96106486A TW I383612 B TWI383612 B TW I383612B
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time
ofdm
terminal
pilot
frequency resources
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TW200742326A (en
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Naga Bhushan
Alexei Gorokhov
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Qualcomm Inc
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Description

用於支援無線通信之多重多工方案之方法及裝置
本發明大體上係關於通信，且更特定言之，係關於用於一無線通信系統之傳輸技術。
無線通信系統經廣泛佈署以提供諸如語音、視訊、封包資料、訊息、廣播等各種通信服務。此等系統可為能夠藉由共用可用系統資源而支援多個使用者之多重存取系統。該等多重存取系統之實例包括分碼多重存取(CDMA)系統、分時多重存取(TDMA)系統、分頻多重存取(FDMA)系統、正交FDMA(OFDMA)系統及單載波FDMA(SC－FDMA)系統。
多重存取系統可利用諸如分碼多工(CDM)、分時多工(TDM)等的一或多個多工方案。該系統可被佈署，且可伺服現有終端。可需要改良該系統之效能，同時保持對現有終端之回溯相容性。舉例而言，可需要藉由利用由多個天線之使用而提供之額外空間維度來使用諸如多重輸入多重輸出(MIMO)及分域多重存取(SDMA)之空間技術，以改良輸貫量及/或可靠性。
因此，在此項技術中，存在對可支援高級通信技術(例如，空間技術)，同時保持對現有終端之回溯相容性之傳輸技術的需要。
本文描述用於在一無線通信系統中有效率地發送資料之技術。該等技術利用一種與現有設計回溯相容之時槽結構。該等技術亦使用正交分頻多工(OFDM)以有效支援空間技術及/或其他高級通信技術。
根據一態樣，描述一種確定可用於OFDM且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源的時間頻率資源的裝置。該裝置將可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源指派至至少一終端，且經由指派至該終端之時間頻率資源而與每一終端交換資料。
根據另一態樣，描述一種接收時間頻率資源之指派的裝置，該等時間頻率資源選自可用於OFDM且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源的時間頻率資源。該裝置經由該指派中之時間頻率資源來交換資料。
在以下進一步細節中描述本發明之各種態樣及特徵。
本文描述之傳輸技術可用於諸如CDMA、TDMA、FDMA、OFDMA及SC－FDMA系統之各種無線通信系統。通常可交換使用術語"系統"及"網路"。CDMA系統可實施諸如cdma2000、全球陸地無線電存取(UTRA)、演進UTRA(E－UTRA)等之無線電技術。cdma2000覆蓋IS－2000、IS－95及IS－856標準。UTRA包括寬頻－CDMA(W－CDMA)及低碼片率(LCR)。TDMA系統可實施諸如全球行動通信系統(GSM)之無線電技術。OFDMA系統可實施諸如長期演進(LTE)(其係E－UTRA之一部分)、IEEE 802.20、Flash－OFDM等之無線電技術。在來自名為"第三代夥伴合作計劃"(3GPP)之組織的文獻中描述UTRA、E－UTRA、GSM及LTE。在來自名為"第三代夥伴合作計劃2"(3GPP2)之組織的文獻中描述cdma2000。此等各種無線電技術及標準係在此項技術中已知。
為清晰說明，該等技術之各種態樣於下文針對實施IS－856之高速率封包資料(HRPD)系統而加以描述。HRPD亦稱為最佳化演進資料(EV－DO)、最佳化資料(DO)、高資料速率(HDR)等。通常可交換使用術語HRPD及EV－DO。當前，已標準化HRPD修訂版(Revs.)0、A及B，已佈署HRPD修訂版0及HRPD修訂版A，且HRPD修訂版C正在發展中。HRPD修訂版0及HRPD修訂版A覆蓋單載體HRPD(lxHRPD)。HRPD修訂版B覆蓋多載體HRPD，且與HRPD修訂版0及HRPD修訂版A回溯相容。可將本文描述之技術併入於任何HRPD修訂版中。為清晰說明，在下文之大部分描述中使用HRPD術語。
圖1展示一種具有多個存取點110及多個終端120之HRPD通信系統100。存取點大體為與終端通信之固定台，且亦可將其稱為基地台、節點B等。每一存取點110對特定地理區域提供通信覆蓋，且支援位於該覆蓋區域內之終端的通信。存取點110可耦接至對此等存取點提供協調及控制之系統控制器130。系統控制器130可包括諸如基地台控制器(BSC)、封包控制功能(PCF)、封包資料伺服節點(PDSN)等的網路實體。
終端120可分散在系統內，且每一終端可係固定或行動的。終端亦可稱為存取終端、行動台、使用者設備、用戶單元、台等。終端可為蜂巢式電話、個人數位助理(PDA)、無線裝置、掌上型裝置、無線數據機、膝上型電腦等。終端可支援任何HRPD修訂版。在HRPD中，終端可於任何指定時刻在前向鏈結上接收來自一存取點的傳輸，且可在反向鏈結上將傳輸發送至一或多個存取點。前向鏈結(或下行鏈路)意指自存取點至終端之通信鏈結，且反向鏈結(或上行鏈路)意指自終端至存取點之通信鏈結。
圖2展示在HRPD中之前向鏈結上支援CDM的時槽結構200。將傳輸時間線分割為時槽。每一時槽具有1.667毫秒(ms)之持續時間且跨越2048個碼片。對1.2288百萬碼片/秒(Mcps)之碼片率而言，每一碼片具有813.8奈秒(ns)之持續時間。每一時槽被劃分為兩個相同的半時槽。每一半時槽包括(i)一耗用區段，其包含：一導頻區段，其係在該半時槽之中心；及兩個媒體存取控制(MAC)區段，其係在該導頻區段之兩側上；及(ii)兩個訊務區段，其係在該耗用區段之兩側上。訊務區段亦可稱為訊務通道區段、資料區段、資料域等。導頻區段載運導頻，且具有96碼片之持續時間。每一MAC區段載運信號(例如，反向功率控制(RPC)資訊)，且具有64碼片之持續時間。每一訊務區段載運訊務資料(例如，用於特定終端之單播資料；廣播資料等)，且具有400碼片之持續時間。
HRPD修訂版0、A及B針對在訊務區段中發送之資料使用CDM。訊務區段可載運用於由存取點伺服之一或多個終端的CDM資料。可基於藉由自該終端接收之通道回饋所確定之編碼及調變參數來處理用於每一終端之訊務資料，以產生資料符號。可利用16碼片Walsh函數或編碼來解多工且覆蓋用於該或該等終端之資料符號，以產生訊務區段之CDM資料。因此，在時域中使用Walsh函數產生CDM資料。CDM訊務區段為載運CDM資料之訊務區段。
可需要針對在訊務區段中發送之資料使用OFDM及/或單載波分頻多工(SC－FDM)。OFDM及SC－FDM將可用頻寬分割為多個正交副載波，該等副載波亦稱為音調、區間等。可利用資料調變每一副載波。大體而言，調變符號係利用OFDM在頻域中發送，且利用SC－FDM在時域中發送。OFDM及SC－FDM具有諸如易於抵抗由頻率選擇性衰減引起之符號間干擾(ISI)之能力的某些所需特徵。OFDM亦可有效支援MIMO及SDMA，MIMO及SDMA可在每一副載波上單獨被應用，且因此，可在頻率選擇通道中提供良好效能。為清晰說明，下文將描述使用OFDM發送資料。
在保持與HRPD修訂版0、A及B之回溯相容性的同時，可能需要支援OFDM。在HRPD中，導頻區段及MAC區段可由所有有效終端在任何時間解調變，然而，訊務區段僅可由被伺服之終端解調變。因此，可藉由保持導頻區段及MAC區段，且修改訊務區段來達成回溯相容性。可藉由用具有400碼片或少於400碼片之總持續時間的一或多個OFDM符號替代在一給定400碼片訊務區段中之CDM資料來在一HRPD波形中發送OFDM資料。
圖3展示在HRPD中支援OFDM及CDM的時槽結構300。為簡化說明，在圖3中僅展示一個半時槽。該半時槽包括(i)一耗用區段，其包含一96碼片之導頻區段及兩個64碼片之MAC區段及(ii)兩個訊務區段，其在該耗用區段之兩側上。在400碼片之訊務間隔內發送每一訊務區段，且在224碼片之耗用間隔內發送耗用區段。在一種設計中，可為每一訊務區段選擇CDM或OFDM。在此種設計中，每一訊務區段在選擇CDM時可載運CDM資料，或在選擇OFDM時可載運一或多個OFDM符號。在另一種設計中，一訊務區段可載運CDM資料及OFDM資料。舉例而言，一訊務區段之一半可載運CDM資料，且該訊務區段之另一半可載運一或多個OFDM符號。
大體而言，可基於各種OFDM符號數字學或設計產生OFDM符號。每一OFDM符號數字學係與諸如OFDM符號持續時間、副載波之數目、循環字首長度等之有關參數之特定值相關聯。OFDM符號持續時間應為400碼片訊務區段的整數除數，以便完全利用該訊務區段。此外，OFDM符號之採樣率應為CDM資料之碼片率的整數倍，以便簡化在存取點及終端處之處理。
表1列出了可用於HRPD中之訊務間隔之三個實例性"正常" OFDM符號數字學1、2及3，及可用於HRPD中之耗用間隔之兩個實例性"長" OFDM符號數字學1及2。此等數字學經選擇以與HRPD時槽結構及碼片率相容，以使(i)在訊務區段或耗用區段中發送整數個OFDM符號，及(ii)OFDM符號之採樣率為CDM資料之碼片率的整數倍。此等數字學經進一步選擇以使得確定離散傅立葉轉換(DFT)大小之副載波的數目允許OFDM符號的有效產生。對此等數字學而言，副載波之數目並非為2的冪，而是具有較小之質因數。舉例而言，可利用質因數2、3、3及5獲得90個副載波。較小質因數可允許有效混合基數快速傅立葉轉換(FFT)的實施，以產生OFDM符號。在表1中，n為視頻譜配置而定之正區間值。在表1中展示之數字學允許在HRPD波形中有效嵌入OFDM資料。該等正常OFDM符號數字學中之任一者可用於在訊務間隔中用OFDM資料替代CDM資料。該等長OFDM符號數字學中之任一者可用於在耗用間隔中發送OFDM資料。其他OFDM符號數字學亦可用於訊務區段及耗用區段。
圖4展示在5 MHz頻譜配置中支援用於單個HRPD載波之OFDM及CDM的時槽結構400。在圖4中展示的實例中，單個HRPD載波係位於5 MHz頻譜配置之一邊緣附近。在半時槽之中心中發送用於HRPD載波之導頻區段及MAC區段。用於HRPD載波之兩個訊務區段可各載運CDM資料及/或OFDM資料。
OFDM頻譜可經定義以包括在頻譜配置中除任何HRPD載波之外的所有可用頻譜。在圖4中展示的實例中，OFDM頻譜包括在單個HRPD載波兩側之可用頻譜。大體而言，可在5 MHz頻譜配置中發送多達三個HRPD載波，且然後，該OFDM頻譜可排除所有該等HRPD載波。
可產生用於訊務間隔內之每一OFDM符號週期的正常OFDM符號。利用在表1中之正常OFDM符號數字學2，正常OFDM符號週期為200碼片。正常OFDM符號可在(i)對應於用於OFDM之訊務區段的副載波及(ii)在OFDM頻譜中之副載波上載運OFDM資料。在對應於具有CDM資料之訊務區段的副載波上，正常OFDM符號可無效化。
可為在耗用間隔內之每一OFDM符號週期產生長OFDM符號。利用在表1中之長OFDM符號數字學2，長OFDM符號週期為224碼片。長OFDM符號可在OFDM頻譜中之副載波上載運OFDM資料，且在對應於利用CDM發送之耗用區段的副載波上無效化。
OFDM頻譜可用於實施可獨立於舊式HRPD中之訊務區段及耗用區段而運作的OFDMA通道。在圖4中，邏輯通道Ch1可包括用於HRPD載波之訊務區段，且邏輯通道Ch2可對應於OFDMA通道。該OFDMA通道可使用在僅利用OFDM來進行傳輸之純粹OFDMA系統中通常使用的各種特徵。舉例而言，可將可用於OFDMA通道之時間頻率資源分割為可指派至終端的塊。
圖5A展示可用於圖2中展示之HRPD時槽結構之片區結構500的設計。片區結構500覆蓋在一個半時槽中的一個HRPD載波，且包括圖3中展示之兩個訊務區段及耗用區段。片區結構500亦係基於表1中之正常OFDM符號數字學2及長OFDM符號數字學2。對此設計而言，訊務區段覆蓋兩個正常OFDM符號，且跨越具有指數1至180的180個副載波。一耗用區段覆蓋一個長OFDM符號，且跨越具有指數1至200的200個副載波。
可將可用於一個半時槽中之一個HRPD載波的時間頻率資源分割為多個片區。片區亦可稱為時間頻率塊、資源塊等。可需要具有相等大小(或大約相等大小)之片區，以使得資料處理並非視被指派之片區而定。在圖5A中展示之設計中，將可用時間頻率資源分割為八個片區：四個"偶數"片區及四個"奇數"片區。
圖5B展示在圖5A中之片區結構500中的一對奇數片區及偶數片區。每一片區跨越833 μs之半時槽，且對於每一正常OFDM符號覆蓋平均22.5個鄰接副載波，且對於長OFDM符號覆蓋25個副載波。因此，每一片區包括在兩個訊務區段中之90個資源單元及在耗用區段中之25個資源單元。一資源單元為在一個OFDM符號週期中之一個副載波，且可用以發送一個調變符號。每一片區係偽矩形的，其中偶數片區及奇數片區按照鏡像對稱關係而相關。因此，可易於將用於偶數片區之設計特徵併入奇數片區中。
亦可以其他方式將可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源分割。在另一設計中，可將可用時間頻率資源分割為六個片區，其中每一片區對於每一正常OFDM符號覆蓋30個副載波，且對於每一長OFDM符號覆蓋33或34個副載波。在又一設計中，可將可用時間頻率資源分割為五個片區，其中每一片區對於每一正常OFDM符號覆蓋36個副載波，且對於每一長OFDM符號覆蓋40個副載波。亦可將可用於一時槽，或半個時槽以外的某些其他持續時間中的時間頻率資源分割為片區。大體而言，一片區可跨越任何持續時間，且亦可覆蓋任何數目之副載波。片區可包括鄰接副載波(如圖5A及圖5B所示)，或分佈在OFDM頻譜上的副載波。由於在不同符號週期內之不同數目的副載波，片區可具有非矩形之形狀，該等不同數目的副載波可由(i)對OFDM符號週期上之副載波的非均勻分割及/或(ii)在不同OFDM符號週期內使用不同OFDM符號數字學而導致。為清晰說明，以下描述假定使用在圖5A及圖5B中展示之偶數片區及奇數片區。
圖5A及圖5B展示用於一個HRPD載波(或在表1中，n ＝1)之片區結構500。大體而言，可定義用於任何數目之HRPD載波或n 之任何值的片區結構。舉例而言，片區結構500可由n 定比例，且然後，可在每一半時槽中包括8n 個片區。
可將可用片區指派至終端以進行傳輸。大體而言，視終端之資料需求、片區之可用性等而定，終端在給定排程間隔(例如，半時槽)內可被指派零、一或多個片區。存取點可在所指派片區中將訊務資料、信號及/或導頻發送至終端。導頻為由存取點及終端預先已知的資料，且可用於通道估計、雜訊及/或干擾估計、同調資料解調變或偵測及/或其他用途。可基於指示用以發送導頻符號之特定資源單元的導頻型樣而發送導頻。在下文之描述中，將用以發送導頻符號之資源單元稱為導頻音調。
存取點可在片區中之導頻音調上發送導頻符號。終端可基於自存取點接收之導頻符號而估計導頻音調之通道增益。終端可基於導頻音調之所估計通道增益(例如，藉由執行時間頻率內插法)而得出用於片區中之其他資源單元的通道增益。若無線通道之自由度的數目低於片區中之導頻音調的數目，則無需用以估計通道增益之導頻音調可被用來估計片區中之雜訊及干擾功率。
大體而言，導頻型樣可包括任何數目之導頻音調，且導頻音調可位於片區內之任何處。可基於在由於導頻之耗用與通道估計效能之間的取捨來選擇導頻音調之數目。導頻音調之分佈可基於諸如延遲擴展、都普勒(Doppler)擴展、對諸如MIMO及/或SDMA之空間多工技術之支援等的多種考慮因素。
可基於無線通道之預計延遲擴展而選擇在頻域中導頻音調的間距，其中延遲擴展為同調頻寬之倒數。在導頻音調之間的較小頻率間隔可用於處理較大延遲擴展。可基於無線通道之預計都普勒擴展來選擇導頻音調在時域中之間距，其中都普勒擴展係與終端之速度及載波頻率成比例。在導頻音調之間的較小時間間隔可用於處理較大都普勒擴展。
導頻音調亦可經置放以支援用於前向鏈結及反向鏈結之諸如MIMO及SDMA的空間多工技術，及用於反向鏈結之擬正交多工。利用空間多工，可經由多個空間通道或層(由多個發射天線及多個接收天線所形成)同時發送多個資料流。為支援空間多工，可將導頻音調配置在片區內之叢集中。在每一叢集中之導頻音調的數目可等於或大於待支援之空間秩。空間秩意指在無線通道中之空間通道的數目，且因此，意指可經由無線通道平行發送之資料流的數目。可將空間秩給定為Smin{T,R}，其中T為發射天線之數目，R為接收天線之數目，且S為空間秩。
可將通道回應假定為在每一叢集中之導頻音調上為不變的。在每一叢集中之導頻音調可用於估計不同資料流/層或發射天線之通道增益。在第一設計中，可對T個發射天線指派在一叢集中之T個不同導頻音調(每一發射天線一導頻音調)，且可在指派至天線之導頻音調上自各發射天線發送導頻符號。在一第二設計中，導頻之基於編碼的多工可用於不同資料流/層或發射天線。在此設計中，利用一正交編碼，可將用於每一流/天線之導頻擴展到整個叢集中之所有導頻音調上。舉例而言，利用3x3 DFT矩陣之一行，可將用於流或天線之導頻符號擴展到在一叢集中之三個導頻音調上(例如，對於下文圖6A中之導頻型樣格式0)。該第二設計可提供某些優點，諸如：超過利用每一天線一導頻音調之第一設計之改良的通道估計準確率(當流或天線之數目小於叢集大小時)及恆定的信號及干擾功率頻譜密度。該第二設計利用每一導頻叢集之鄰接結構以在存在時間及/或頻率通道變化的情況下達成正交性。亦可以其他方式發送用於流及天線之導頻。
可定義用於不同通道條件(例如，不同延遲擴展、都普勒擴展及空間秩)的不同導頻型樣。可分別基於無線通道之預計之都普勒擴展及延遲擴展來選擇在不同叢集之間的時間及頻率間隔。下文給出某些實例導頻型樣。對每一導頻型樣而言，給出用於圖5B中展示之偶數片區及奇數片區(其為非矩形片區)之導頻音調的分佈，且易給出用於在8個符號週期中覆蓋16個副載波的等效16x8矩形片區之導頻音調的分佈。
圖6A展示用於格式0之導頻型樣600，其支援中等延遲擴展(例如，對在表1中之OFDM符號數字學2而言，多達2.5 μs)及多達三之空間秩。在導頻型樣600中，18個導頻音調係三個一組地配置在六個叢集中。兩個叢集位於一片區之頂部，另外兩個叢集位於該片區之中部附近，且最後兩個叢集位於該片區之底部。在每一叢集中之三個導頻音調可用於估計多達三個空間通道之通道增益。
圖6B展示用於格式1之導頻型樣610，其支援較大延遲擴展(例如，對在表1中之OFDM符號數字學2而言，多達6 μs)及多達二之空間秩。在導頻型樣610中，24個導頻音調係兩個一組地配置在十二個叢集中。在一片區中，六對叢集形成且分配在22.5個副載波上。每一對包括在該片區之左半邊的一叢集及在該片區之右半邊的另一叢集。在導頻音調之間的較小頻率間隔支援較大延遲擴展。在每一叢集中之兩個導頻音調可用於估計多達兩個空間通道之通道增益。
圖6C展示用於格式2之導頻型樣620，其支援中等延遲擴展及多達四之空間秩。在導頻型樣620中，24個導頻音調係四個一組地配置在六個叢集中。兩個叢集位於一片區之頂部，另外兩個叢集位於該片區之中部附近，且最後兩個叢集位於該片區之底部。在每一叢集中之四個導頻音調可用於估計多達四個空間通道之通道增益。
圖6D展示用於格式3之導頻型樣630，其支援較大延遲擴展及多達四之空間秩。在導頻型樣630中，48個導頻音調係四個一組地配置在十二個叢集中。在一片區中，六對叢集形成且分配在22.5個副載波上。
圖6E展示用於格式4之導頻型樣640，其支援較大延遲擴展(例如，對在表1中之OFDM符號數字學2而言，多達9 μs)及多達二之空間秩。在導頻型樣640中，32個導頻音調係兩個一組地配置在16個叢集中。在一片區中，八對叢集形成且分配在22.5個副載波上。在導頻音調之間的較小頻率間隔支援較大延遲擴展。
圖6F展示用於格式5之導頻型樣650，其支援較大延遲擴展及多達四之空間秩。在導頻型樣650中，64個導頻音調係四個一組地配置在16個叢集中。在偶數片區之底部處及在奇數片區之頂部處的兩個叢集包括在耗用區段中之導頻音調。在一片區中，該等叢集分配在22.5個副載波上。
圖6G展示用於格式6之導頻型樣660，其支援特大延遲擴展(例如，對在表1中之OFDM符號數字學2而言，多達13 μs)及多達二之空間秩。在導頻型樣660中，48個導頻音調係兩個一組地配置在24個叢集中。在偶數片區之底部處及在奇數片區之頂部處的兩個叢集包括對角相鄰之導頻音調。
表2概述在圖6A至圖6G中展示之七種導頻型樣，且提供支援之延遲擴展、支援之空間秩及用於非矩形片區及矩形片區之導頻耗用。表2展示，用於不同導頻型樣之耗用在非矩形片區及矩形片區中係相當的。對於例如在表1中之正常OFDM符號數字學1及3之其他OFDM符號數字學而言，亦可以類似方式將用於矩形片區之導頻型樣延伸到非矩形片區。
圖6A至圖6G展示可用於圖5A及圖5B中展示之奇數片區及偶數片區的七個實例導頻型樣。可亦定義用於此等奇數片區及偶數片區之其他導頻型樣。亦可定義用於(可用於OFDM的)時間頻率資源之其他片區，且可定義用於此等其他片區之合適導頻型樣。
系統可支援針對不同通道條件及空間秩而設計之一組導頻型樣。可基於可適用於終端之通道條件及空間秩來選擇用於該終端的合適導頻型樣。只要通道條件及/或空間秩發生足以促成導頻型樣之改變的變化，則可選擇用於終端之新導頻型樣。可由能夠存取與進行選擇有關之資訊的任何實體(存取點或終端)來選擇導頻型樣。
本文描述之片區及導頻型樣可用於在前向鏈結及反向鏈結上的傳輸。在反向鏈結上，終端可在於指派至該終端之片區中之導頻音調上將專用導頻發送至存取點。在前向鏈結上，存取點可在指派至該終端之片區中之導頻音調上將專用導頻發射至終端。
存取點亦可發射可由在該存取點之覆蓋區域內之所有終端使用的公共導頻。舉例而言，存取點可在每一OFDM符號週期中之每第P個副載波上發射公共導頻，其中P可等於4、8或某些其他合適值。若存在多個天線，則存取點可在頻率及/或時間上在該等天線內循環。例如，對兩個天線而言，存取點可自一第一天線在每第16個副載波上發射公共導頻，且自一第二天線在每第16個副載波上發射公共導頻，其中用於該第二天線之副載波係與用於該第一天線之副載波交錯。
系統可支援用於OFDMA通道之跳頻，以使資料傳輸更好地承受諸如頻率選擇性衰減、窄帶干擾、干擾(jamming)等的不良路徑影響。利用跳頻，可在不同排程間隔(例如，不同半時槽)內將在OFDM頻譜之不同部分中的不同片區指派至終端。
圖7說明具有圖5A及圖5B中展示之片區的一個HRPD載波之在時間頻率平面上的跳頻。在此實例中，可對於每一半時槽定義具有指數1至8的八個片區，且將該八個片區指派至不同終端。可隨時間經過對終端指派一特定片區序列。可在不同半時槽內以偽隨機或確定性之方式選擇不同片區，以達成頻率分集。指派至在一小區中之終端的片區序列亦可相對於指派至在相鄰小區中之終端的片區序列為偽隨機的，以便使小區間之干擾隨機化。
圖8展示由存取點執行之用於通信的過程800之設計。可確定可用於OFDM且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源之時間頻率資源(塊812)。可將可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源指派至至少一終端(塊814)。對塊814而言，可將可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源分割為多個片區。每一片區可對應於一時間頻率資源塊，且可具有非矩形形狀(例如，由於對多個OFDM符號數字學之使用)。每一片區可包括：時間頻率資源之第一部分，其係基於第一OFDM符號數字學而定義(例如，在圖5A中之左訊務間隔)；時間頻率資源之第二部分，其係基於第二OFDM符號數字學而定義(例如，在圖5A中之耗用間隔)；及時間頻率資源之第三部分，其係基於第一OFDM符號數字學而定義(例如，在圖5A中之右訊務間隔)。可將多個片區中之至少一者指派至每一終端。利用跳頻，亦可隨時間經過而對每一終端指派多個片區中之不同者，以達成頻率分集及干擾隨機化。
可自多個導頻型樣中選擇用於每一終端之導頻型樣(塊816)。或者，每一終端可選擇合適導頻型樣，且將所選擇之導頻型樣傳達至存取點。多個導頻型樣可支援不同延遲擴展，且可基於每一終端之預計延遲擴展來選擇用於該終端之導頻型樣。多個導頻型樣亦可支援不同空間秩，且可基於用於每一終端之空間秩來選擇用於該終端之導頻型樣。每一導頻型樣可包括置放於片區中之導頻音調的多個叢集，其中每一導頻音調對應於在一個用於導頻之符號週期中的一個副載波。用於每一導頻型樣之導頻音調的多個叢集可置放於片區中的不同頻率位置及/或不同時間位置中，例如，如圖6A至6G所示。
可經由在指派至每一終端之至少一片區中之時間頻率資源而與該終端交換資料及導頻(塊818)。對前向鏈結而言，可在指派至每一終端之至少一片區上將資料發送至該終端，且亦可在該至少一片區上並基於為該終端選擇的導頻型樣而發送導頻。對反向鏈結而言，可在指派至每一終端之至少一片區上自該終端接收資料，且亦可在至少一片區上並基於為該終端選擇的導頻型樣而接收導頻。可基於用於每一經指派之片區的多個OFDM符號數字學來處理OFDM符號(例如，用於OFDM調變或解調變)。亦可在可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源上發送公共導頻。
圖9展示由終端執行之用於通信的過程900之設計。終端可接收時間頻率資源的指派，該等時間頻率資源選自可用於OFDM且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源的時間頻率資源(塊912)。該指派可針對對應於一時間頻率資源塊之可具有非矩形形狀的片區。該指派亦可針對隨時間經過之不同片區，以達成跳頻。終端可自多個導頻型樣中獲得導頻型樣之選擇(塊914)。導頻型樣可由終端選擇且被傳達至存取點，或由存取點選擇且被傳達至終端。可經由指派中之時間頻率資源來交換資料及導頻(例如，發送及/或接收)(塊916)。可基於多個OFDM符號數字學處理OFDM符號，以經由經指派之時間頻率資源來交換資料。亦可基於所選擇之導頻型樣處理導頻符號。
非矩形片區、用於此等片區之導頻型樣及在時間頻率平面內之用於衰減/干擾分集的片區跳頻是如何可將傳統OFDMA系統(具有同質的OFDM符號數字學及矩形片區結構)之不同設計元素併入於混合式系統中的某些實例，在該混合式系統中可以一順暢、回溯相容之方式在現存信號波形(諸如HRPD前向鏈結波形)上嵌入具有異質符號數字學的OFDM分量。
圖10展示一存取點110及一終端120之設計的方塊圖，該存取點110及該終端120為在圖1中之存取點及終端中之一者。為簡化說明，僅在圖10中展示用於在前向鏈結上之傳輸的處理單元。亦為了簡化說明，存取點110及終端120各自被展示具有一個天線。大體而言，每一實體可配備任何數目之天線。
在存取點110處，一傳輸(TX)資料及信號處理器1010接收且處理(例如，編碼、交錯及符號映射)訊務資料及信號，且分別提供資料符號及信號符號。資料符號為用於訊務資料之符號，信號符號為用於信號之符號，導頻符號為用於導頻之符號，且符號通常為複合值。一導頻處理器1012基於經選擇用於每一終端之導頻型樣而產生用於該終端之導頻符號。一CDM/OFDM調變器1020接收來自處理器1010之資料符號及信號符號，以及來自處理器1012之導頻符號，對所接收之符號執行CDM及/或OFDM調變，且提供輸出樣本。調變器1020可對使用CDM在訊務區段及耗用區段中發送之符號執行CDM處理。調變器1020可對在用於OFDM之時間頻率資源中發送的符號執行OFDM處理。一發射器(TMTR)1022處理(例如，轉換為類比、放大、濾波及增頻變換)來自調變器1020之輸出樣本，且產生經由一天線1024而發射之前向鏈結信號。
在終端120處，一天線1052接收來自存取點110之前向鏈結信號，且將所接收信號提供至一接收器(RCVR)1054。接收器1054處理(例如，濾波、放大、降頻變換及數位化)所接收之信號，且提供接收樣本。一CDM/OFDM解調變器(Demod)1060以與由CDM/OFDM調變器1020進行之處理互補的方式來處理該等接收樣本。解調變器1060可基於所接收之導頻符號而得出在存取點110與終端120之間的無線通道之通道估計。解調變器1060可處理用於CDM及/或OFDM之接收樣本以獲得接收符號，且然後，可利用通道估計對該等接收符號執行資料偵測以獲得符號估計，其為對由存取點110發送至終端120之資料符號及信號符號的估計。一接收(RX)資料及信號處理器1070處理(例如，符號解映射、解交錯及解碼)該等符號估計，且提供解碼資料及信號。大體而言，由CDM/OFDM解調變器1060及RX資料及信號處理器1070進行之處理係分別與由存取點110處的CDM/OFDM調變器1020及TX資料及信號處理器1010進行之處理互補。
控制器1030及控制器1080分別指導在存取點110及終端120處之操作。記憶體1032及記憶體1082分別儲存用於存取點110及終端120之程式碼。
熟習此項技術者將瞭解，可使用多種不同技術及技藝中之任一者表示資訊及信號。舉例而言，可在上文描述內引用之資料、指令、命令、資訊、信號、位元、符號及碼片可由電壓、電流、電磁波、磁場或粒子、光場或粒子或其任何組合來表示。
熟習此項技術者將進一步瞭解，結合本發明描述之多種說明性邏輯塊、模組、電路及演算法步驟可作為電子硬體、電腦軟體或該兩者之組合而實施。為清晰說明硬體及軟體之此互換性，各種說明性組件、塊、模組、電路及步驟大體上係根據其功能性而在上文加以描述。是否將該功能性作為硬體或軟體而實施係視強加於整個系統之特定應用及設計限制而定。熟練工人可對於各特定應用以變化之方式實施描述之功能性，但不應將此等實施決策解釋為導致偏離本發明之範疇。
結合本發明描述之多種說明性邏輯塊、模組及電路係可利用通用處理器、數位信號處理器(DSP)、特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)或其他可程式化邏輯裝置、離散閘或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件或其經設計以執行本文描述之功能的任意組合而實施或執行。通用處理器可為微處理器，但替代地，該處理器可為任何習知處理器、控制器、微控制器或狀態機。處理器亦可作為計算裝置之組合而實施，例如：DSP及微處理器之組合、複數個微處理器、結合DSP核心之一或多個微處理器或任何其他此類組態。
可直接在硬體中、在由處理器執行之軟體模組中或在該兩者之組合中實施結合本發明描述之方法或演算法的步驟。軟體模組可駐留在RAM記憶體、快閃記憶體、ROM記憶體、EPROM記憶體、EEPROM記憶體、暫存器、硬碟、可抽取碟片、CD－ROM或在此項技術中已知之任何其他形式的儲存媒體中。將例示性儲存媒體耦接至處理器，以使該處理器可自儲存媒體讀取資訊，且將資訊寫入至儲存媒體。或者，可將儲存媒體整合至處理器。處理器及儲存媒體可駐留在ASIC中。ASIC可駐留在使用者終端中。或者，處理器及儲存媒體可作為離散組件駐留在使用者終端中。
提供本發明之以上描述，以使熟習此項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。對熟習此項技術者而言，對本發明之多種修改係易於顯而易見的，且可將本文定義之通用原則應用至其他改變而不偏離本發明之精神或範疇。因此，本發明並不意欲限於本文描述之實例，然係符合與本文揭示之原則及新穎特徵相一致的最廣泛範疇。
100．．．通信系統
110．．．存取點
120．．．終端
130．．．系統控制器
200．．．時槽結構
300．．．時槽結構
400．．．時槽結構
500．．．片區結構
600．．．導頻型樣
610．．．導頻型樣
620．．．導頻型樣
630．．．導頻型樣
640．．．導頻型樣
650．．．導頻型樣
660．．．導頻型樣
1010．．．傳輸資料及信號處理器
1012．．．導頻處理器
1020．．．CDM/OFDM調變器
1022．．．發射器
1024．．．天線
1030．．．控制器
1032．．．記憶體
1052．．．天線
1054．．．接收器
1060．．．CDM/OFDM解調變器
1070．．．接收資料及信號處理器
1080．．．控制器
1082．．．記憶體
圖1展示一種無線通信系統。
圖2展示在高速率封包資料(HRPD)中之時槽結構。
圖3展示在HRPD中支援OFDM及CDM的時槽結構。
圖4展示在5MHz頻譜配置中支援用於單個HRPD載波之OFDM及CDM的時槽結構。
圖5A及圖5B展示具有非矩形片區之片區結構。
圖6A至圖6G展示用於圖5A及圖5B中之片區的七個導頻型樣。
圖7說明用於一個HRPD載波之跳頻。
圖8展示由存取點執行之用於通信的過程。
圖9展示由終端執行之用於通信的過程。
圖10展示存取點及終端之方塊圖。
110．．．存取點
120．．．終端
1010．．．傳輸資料及信號處理器
1012．．．導頻處理器
1020．．．CDM/OFDM調變器
1022．．．發射器
1024．．．天線
1030．．．控制器
1032．．．記憶體
1052．．．天線
1054．．．接收器
1060．．．CDM/OFDM解調變器
1070．．．接收資料及信號處理器
1080．．．控制器
1082．．．記憶體

Claims (32)

  1. 一種確定可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源之裝置，其包含：a)至少一處理器，其用以：使用一與現有終端回溯相容之時槽結構，確定可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源指派至至少一終端，且經由指派至該終端之該等時間頻率資源而與每一終端交換資料；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；將該多個片區中之至少一者指派至至少一終端；及基於用於指派至該至少一終端之每一片區的多個OFDM符號數字學來處理OFDM符號；b)一記憶體，其耦接至該至少一處理器。
  2. 如請求項1之裝置，其中每一片區對應於一具有一非矩形形狀之時間頻率資源塊。
  3. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該至少一處理器將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為具有至少兩個不同非矩形形狀之多個片區。
  4. 如請求項3之裝置，其中該等不同非矩形形狀中之兩者具有鏡像對稱性。
  5. 如請求項4之裝置，其中具有鏡像對稱性之該兩個不同非矩形形狀係與具有鏡像對稱性之導頻型樣相關聯。
  6. 如請求項1之裝置，其中每一片區包括：時間頻率資源之一第一部分，其係基於一第一OFDM符號數字學而定義；及時間頻率資源之一第二部分，其係基於一第二OFDM符號數字學而定義。
  7. 如請求項6之裝置，其中每一片區進一步包括時間頻率資源之一第三部分，其係基於該第一OFDM符號數字學而定義，該第二部分係位於該第一部分及該第三部分之間。
  8. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該至少一處理器隨時間經過對每一終端指派該等多個片區中之不同片區，以達成跳頻。
  9. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該至少一處理器自多個導頻型樣中為每一終端選擇一導頻型樣。
  10. 如請求項9之裝置，其中該等多個導頻型樣支援至少兩個不同延遲擴展，且其中該至少一處理器基於每一終端之一預計延遲擴展來選擇用於該終端的該導頻型樣。
  11. 如請求項9之裝置，其中該等多個導頻型樣支援至少兩個不同空間秩，且其中該至少一處理器基於每一終端之一空間秩來選擇用於該終端之該導頻型樣。
  12. 如請求項9之裝置，其中該等多個導頻型樣中之每一者包括置放於一對應於一時間頻率資源塊之片區中的導頻音調之多個叢集，每一導頻音調對應於在一個用於導頻 之符號週期中的一個副載波。
  13. 如請求項12之裝置，其中用於每一導頻型樣之導頻音調的該等多個叢集係置放於該片區中之至少兩個頻率位置中。
  14. 如請求項12之裝置，其中用於每一片區樣式之導頻音調的該等多個叢集係置放於越過該片區之至少兩個時間位置中。
  15. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該至少一處理器在可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源上發送一公共導頻。
  16. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該至少一處理器在指派至每一終端之該至少一片區上將資料發送至該終端，且在該至少一片區上並基於一為每一終端選擇之導頻型樣而將導頻發送至該終端。
  17. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該至少一處理器在指派至每一終端之該至少一片區上自該終端接收資料，且在該至少一片區上並基於一為每一終端選擇之導頻型樣而自該終端接收導頻。
  18. 一種高速率封包資料(HRPD)通訊之無線傳輸方法，其包含：確定可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源指派至至少一終端，且經由指派至該終端之該等時間頻率資源而與每一 終端交換資料；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；將該多個片區中之至少一者指派至至少一終端；及基於用於指派至該至少一終端之每一片區的多個OFDM符號數字學來處理OFDM符號。
  19. 如請求項18之方法，其進一步包含：自多個導頻型樣中為每一終端選擇一導頻型樣。
  20. 一種確定可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源之裝置，其包含：用於確定可用於OFDM且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源的時間頻率資源之構件；及用於將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源指派至至少一終端且經由指派至該終端之該等時間頻率資源而與每一終端交換資料之構件；用於將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區之構件，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；用於將該多個片區中之至少一者指派至至少一終端之構件；及用於基於用於指派至該至少一終端之每一片區的多個OFDM符號數字學來處理OFDM符號之構件。
  21. 如請求項20之裝置，其進一步包含：用於自多個導頻型樣中為每一終端選擇一導頻型樣之 構件。
  22. 一種用於儲存指令之處理器可讀、非暫時性及有實體的儲存媒體，其可使一處理器執行下列步驟：確定可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源指派至至少一終端，且經由指派至該終端之該等時間頻率資源而與每一終端交換資料；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；將該多個片區中之至少一者指派至至少一終端；基於用於指派至該至少一終端之每一片區的多個OFDM符號數字學來處理OFDM符號。
  23. 如請求項22之處理器可讀、非暫時性及有實體的儲存媒體，且進一步用於儲存指令以：自多個導頻型樣中為每一終端選擇一導頻型樣。
  24. 一種確定可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源之裝置，其包含：至少一處理器，其用以接收時間頻率資源的一指派，該等時間頻率資源選自可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源； 用以經由該指派中之該等時間頻率資源來交換資料；用以將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；及用以基於多個OFDM符號數字學以經由該指派中之該等時間頻率資源以交換資料來處理OFDM符號；及一記憶體，其耦接至該至少一處理器。
  25. 如請求項24之裝置，其中該指派係用於一具有一非矩形形狀之時間頻率資源塊。
  26. 如請求項24之裝置，其中該至少一處理器基於一自多個導頻型樣中選擇之導頻型樣來處理導頻符號。
  27. 如請求項26之裝置，其中該導頻型樣包括置放於一對應於該指派中之該等時間頻率資源之片區中的導頻音調的多個叢集，且其中該至少一處理器在該等多個叢集中之每一者中的至少一導頻音調上自至少一天線發送至少一導頻符號，在每一叢集中自每一天線發送一個導頻符號。
  28. 如請求項26之裝置，其中該導頻型樣包括置放於一對應於該指派中之該等時間頻率資源之片區中的導頻音調的多個叢集，且其中該至少一處理器在該等多個叢集中之每一者中發送用於至少一資料流的至少一導頻符號，每一導頻符號係利用一正交碼而擴展到在一叢集中之所有導頻音調。
  29. 一種無線傳輸方法，其包含：接收時間頻率資源的一指派，該等時間頻率資源選自 可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源；經由該指派中之該等時間頻率資源來交換資料；將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；及基於多個OFDM符號數字學以經由該指派中之該等時間頻率資源以交換資料來處理OFDM符號。
  30. 如請求項29之無線傳輸方法，其進一步包含：基於自多個導頻型樣中選擇之一導頻型樣來處理導頻符號。
  31. 一種確定可用於正交分頻多工(OFDM)之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用分碼多工(CDM)發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源之裝置，其包含：用於接收時間頻率資源的一指派之構件，該等時間頻率資源選自可用於OFDM之時間頻率資源且排除用於利用CDM發送之訊務資料及信號之時間頻率資源；用於經由該指派中之該等時間頻率資源來交換資料的構件；用於將可用於OFDM之該等時間頻率資源分割為多個片區的構件，每一片區對應於一時間頻率資源塊；用於基於多個OFDM符號數字學以經由該指派中之該等時間頻率資源以交換資料來處理OFDM符號的構件。
  32. 如請求項31之裝置，其進一步包含： 用於基於自多個導頻型樣中選擇之一導頻型樣來處理導頻符號的構件。
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