1354534 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 發明領域 本發明是有關適合用來培養被固定在可自立的多孔載 5 體（self-standable porous carrier)上的植物的栽培裝置 (cultivating device)，其中至少一個可自立的多孔載體被配 置在該栽培裝置之一管狀殼體單元(tubular shell body unit) 内，而使得該至少一個可自立的多孔載體的底端壁表面 (lowermost wall surface)與該管狀殼體單元的底内壁區域 10 (bottom inner wall region)於一直立方向間隔分開（spaced apart in an upright direction)而形成一位在這兩者之間的儲 槽(trough)，因而容許一段憑藉該至少一個可自立的多孔載 體的毛細作用（capillary action)的次灌溉期間（a course 〇f sub-irrigation)。本發明亦有關該栽培裝置的應用，包括使 15用該裝置來栽培植物的方法以及利用該裝置來架設花牆 (flower walls) ° 【先前技術】 發明背景 要維持植物的正常生長，必須將氧氣、水分以及無機 2〇養分（in〇rgank _r咖⑻供應至其根域環境（r〇〇t_z〇ne environment)。傳統的植物裁培方法是由「土壤」來提供這 些所需，亦即將種子或幼苗（播)種植於土壤並定期地針肥 料以及灌既，而植物藉由陽光以及空氣中的二氧化碳來行 光合作用而得以成長笛壯。而後有不用使用土壤作為栽培 3 介質的無土栽培法（soilless culture)被發展出，此種技術必 須人為地提供栽培介質（culture medium)與營養液(nutrient solution)以為植物生長發育之用，故此種技術又被稱為養液 栽培法（nutri culture)。 傳統的養液栽培法常以海綿來固定植株，而植物的根 一直都浸泡在營養液裡，因此這種栽培方式又被稱為水耕 栽培法(hydroponic culture)，此法必須將空氣（氧氣）補充至 營養液中（例如，透過營養液灌入或利用幫浦送氣），俾以維 持被浸泡在營養液中的根呼吸作用所需。此外，營養液需 要定期更新以避免植物因該營養液發生部分離子之堆積或 偏酸及偏驗而導致植株發生營養缺失或枯萎。 現代的養液栽培法是以各種形式的無土固體介質 (soilless solid medium)，例如椰纖、珍珠石、蛭石、樹皮、 水苔、人工水苔、岩綿(rockwool)、插花海綿等等，來作為 栽培介質並將其填入具有特定形狀的栽培槽或花盆後，再 配合不同的灌溉系統來供應營養液。這些無土固體介質都 具有良好的毛細結構，當被裝填在栽培槽或花盆中可以建 構出良好的物理構造，因此營養液不需要補充氡氣。 但是，被應用於養液栽培法中的上述無土固體介質皆 不具有-定雜’ ϋ而需用容器來盛裝，這使得營養液流 動範圍有限，每一盆(株）需獨立供應營養液。即使採用栽培 槽或植床(岩綿用）的裁培模式，每一植株也都需有獨立營養 液供給系統。此外，當使用花盆作為容器時，所灌溉的營 養液會從盆底的孔洞流出至外’這除了會增高裁培成本之 外還可能污染週遭的環境。 在申請人之一先前研究中，申請人曾嘗試將被固定在 扦插海绵上的聖誕紅放在塑膠盤内來進行養液栽培，分別 於栽培第1日添加營養液以及於第4日添加清水，以6曰為一 個循環。塑膠盤的表面被覆蓋以黑色塑膠布來減少養液蒸 散以及隔絕光線以避免藻類滋生（參見第〇96119327號專利 申請案）。但是’申請人發現此種培養方式無法有效定位扦 插海綿，植株在栽培過程當中容易發生倒伏，且亦無法達 到完全控制植株的生長。 基於以上所述，有必要創造出—能同時栽培多株植物 且省水、省肥料又環保的新穎植物栽培裝置。 【發明内容】 發明概要 於是，在第一個方面，本發明提供一種適合用來培養 植物的栽培裝置(cultivating device adapted for growing a plant)，該栽培裝置適合於與一能夠供應一用於植物灌溉 (plant irrigation)的液體之液體供應單元（liquid suppiying unit)來使用，該栽培裝置包括： 一固持殼體（holding shell body)沿一縱軸 (longitudinal axis)被延伸並且具有於一直立方向 (upright direction)彼此相對的上邊界端（upper boundary end)與下邊界端(lower boundary end)，該上邊界端具有 一朝向上方的開口（upwardly directed opening)，該固持 殼體進一步具有一於該直立方向與該朝向上方的開口 1354534 相對的底内壁區域(bottom inner wall region)，該固持殼 體界定一從該上邊界端延伸至該下邊界端並終止於該 固持殼體的該底内壁區域的容置室（accommodation chamber);以及 5 至少一個可自立的多孔載體（self-standable porous carrier)具有一多孔結構(p〇rous structure)而容許經由毛 細作用來吸收液體（absolution of liquid via capillary action)以及該植物的根固定於内（anch〇rage of a root of the plant therein) ’並且具有於該直立方向彼此相對的頂 10 端壁表面（uppermost wall surface)與底端壁表面 (lowermost wall surface)，該至少一個可自立的多孔載體 被配置（disposed)在該容置室内而使得該底端壁表面與 該固持殼體的該底内壁區域於該直立方向間隔分開而 在這兩者之間形成一儲槽（trough)，該儲槽適合於容納 15 (receive)由該液體供應單元所供應的液體而使得該底端 壁表面接觸該液體，因而容許一段憑藉該至少一個可自 立的多孔載體的毛細作用的次灌溉期間（a course of sub-irrigation)。 在第二個方面，本發明提供一種適合用來培養一植物 20 的栽培裝置’該栽培裝置適合於與一能夠供應一用於植物 灌溉的液體之液體供應單元來使用，該栽培裝置包括： 一管狀殼體單元(tubular shell body unit)具有··一固 持殼體帶有一底内壁區域；以及一屏蔽殼體（shielding shell body)被配置在該固持殼體之上並被形成有一連通 6 1354534 孑L (communicating hole)經由該屏蔽殼體而直立延伸且 與該固持殼體的該底内壁區域相對；以及 至少一個可自立的多孔載體具有一多孔結構而容 許經由毛細作用來吸收液體以及該植物的根固定於 5 内，並且具有於一直立方向彼此相對的頂端壁表面以及 底端壁表面，該至少一個可自立的多孔載體被配置在該 管狀殼體單元内，而使得該屏蔽殼體屏蔽該至少一個可 自立的多孔載體同時容許該植物在根以上的部位（an upper part of the plant above the root)穿經該連通孑L 而 10 出，以及使得該底端壁表面於該直立方向與該固持殼體 的該底内壁區域間隔分開而在這兩者之間形成一儲 槽，該儲槽適合於容納由該液體供應單元所供應的液體 而使得該底端壁表面接觸該液體，因而容許一段憑藉該 至少一個可自立的多孔載體的毛細作用的次灌溉期間。 15 在第三個方面，本發明提供一種植物栽培方法(plant cultivating method)，其包括： 提供一包含有一沿一縱抽延伸的管狀内壁表面 (tubular inner wall surface)的管狀殼體單元，該管狀内 壁表面具有一底内壁區域以及一槽溝（slot)沿該縱轴而 20 彼此相對； 將數個可自立的多孔載體間隔地配置在該管狀殼 體單元内，各個可自立的多孔載體具有一多孔結構而容 許經由毛細作用來吸收液體以及植物的根固定於内，並 且各個可自立的多孔載體被構形為具有於一直立方向 7 1354534 彼此相對的頂端壁表面與底端壁表面，而使得各個可自 立的多孔載體在分立的位置（discrete positions)處接觸 該管狀殼體單元的管狀内壁表面，而且該頂端壁表面面 對著（confront)該槽溝以及至少該底端壁表面與該管狀 5 殼體單元的該底内壁區域間隔分開，以及使得被固定在 各個可自立的多孔載體上的植物於根以上的部位得以 經由該槽溝伸出至外；以及 將一液體供應至該管狀殼體單元内並容許該液體 在該管狀殼體單元的管狀内壁表面以及各個可自立的 10 多孔載體之間流動。 在第四個方面，本發明提供一種植物栽培方法，其包 括： 提供一包含有一沿一縱軸延伸的管狀内壁表面的 管狀殼體單元，該管狀内壁表面具有一底内壁區域以及 15 一槽溝沿該縱軸而彼此相對，該槽溝具有一寬度(width) 以容許植物根以上的部位經由該槽溝而從該管狀殼體 單元向外伸出，該管狀殼體單元於該縱軸方向具有至少 一個開放末端而得以與外界相通以及與該槽溝相連通； 經由該開放末端而將數個可自立的多孔載體間隔 20 地配置在該管狀殼體單元内，各個可自立的多孔載體具 有一多孔結構而容許經由毛細作用來吸收液體以及植 物的根固定於内，並且各個可自立的多孔載體被構形為 具有於一直立方向彼此相對的頂端壁表面與底端壁表 面，而使得各個可自立的多孔載體在分立的位置處接觸 8 端壁表面7。該可自立的多孔載體B被配置在該容置室5内， 而使得該底端壁表面7與該固持殼體A的該底内壁區域4於 5亥直立方向Y間隔分開而在這兩者之間形成一儲槽8，該儲 槽8適合於容納由該液體供應單元所供應的液體而使得該 底端壁表面7接觸該液體，因而容許一段憑藉該至少一個可 自立的多扎載體B的毛細作用的次灌溉期間。 該裁培裝置進一步包括一具有上覆内壁表面的屏蔽殼 體C ’該屏蔽殼體C被形成有一連通孔9經由該屏蔽殼體C而 直立延伸，並且該屏蔽殼體C被配置在該固持殼體A的該上 邊界端1之上，而使得該屏蔽殼體C的上覆内壁表面於該直 立方向Y面對該可自立的多孔载體B的頂端壁表面6並覆蓋 該朝向上方的開口3，因而屏蔽該可自立的多孔載體B同時 容許被固定在該可自立的多孔載體B上的植物在根以上的 部位穿經該連通孔9而出（參見圖1與圖2以及隨後的圖6)。 依據本發明，該連通孔9具有一寬度能制止該可自立的 多孔載體B經由該連通孔9的出入，而且該連通孔9較佳地沿 該縱軸方向X被延伸以成為一槽溝(sl〇t)的形狀。 依據本發明’該容置室5於該直立方向Y從該上邊界端J 往該下邊界端2而收斂，而且該容置室5較佳地具有一呈半 圓形的橫剖面。 依據本發明’該固持殼體A與該屏蔽殼體C較佳地分別 被構形為半塊管狀體，而使得當該屏蔽殼體C被配置在該固 持殼體A的該上邊界端1之上時，該固持殼體A與該屏蔽殼 體C協力形成一個管狀殼體單元，如圖2所示。 依據本發明，該固持殼體與該屏蔽殼體彼此可被一體 成型為一體。依據本發明，該管狀殼體單元可被構形為一 具有一管狀内壁表面的圓筒狀管（cylindrical tube)，而且至 少在該底内壁區域處不具有排洩孔(drain holes)。 5 依據本發明，該管狀殼體單元具有一呈圓形或方形的 橫剖面，較佳是圓形。 依據本發明，該管狀殼體單元具有兩個沿該縱軸末端 而相對的末端，該二末端至少有一者具有一出入口以容許 該至少一個可自立的多孔載體進入和離開該管狀殼體單 10 元’該栽培裝置進一步包括一個蓋子被構形為可拆卸地附 接至該至少一個具有該出入口的末端以封閉該出入口。 圖3與圖4顯示本發明之一較佳具體例，其中植物栽培 裝置10包括一具有一底内壁區域17的管狀殼體單元丨丨，它 至少在該底内壁區域Π處不具有排洩孔(drain h〇les)。該管 15 狀殼體單元11具有一管狀内壁表面12包圍出一具有呈圓形 之橫剖面的容置室13以及一個開放末端14A與一個封閉末 端14B，而使得該可自立的多孔載體通經該開放末端i4A而 進入或離開該容置室13 (參見隨後的圖6與圖13)。該管狀殼 體單元11還具有一與該底内壁區域17相對的槽溝15以容許 20 被固定在該可自立的多孔載體上的植物在根以上的部位穿 經該槽溝15而出。圖3亦顯示一個可拆卸的蓋子16，它可附 接至該開放末端14A並將之封閉。 依據本發明，該蓋子16可視該管狀殼體單元u的構形 來對應地製造出，這是熟習此藝者根據本技藝中已知的技 12 1354534 術即可完成的。例如，當該管狀殼體單元1丨具有如圖3與圖 4所示的結構時，該蓋子16可被製成具有—包封該開放末端 14A之端壁（end wall) 16A以及一從該端壁16A的周邊 (peripheral end)延伸而出並可貼合圍繞該開放末端14A的 5 週邊的裙部（skirt portion) 16B。較佳地，該蓋子16呈水密接 合（in watertight engagement)而可拆卸地覆蓋該開放末端 14A。或者，在邊蓋子16已附接至該開放末端μα之後，可 使用一不透水膠布來進一步密封（sea丨)該蓋子16的裙部16B 與該管狀殼體單元11相接之處。 10 圖5顯示本發明之另一植物栽培裝置的縱剖面示意 圖，其中植物栽培裝置20具有：一管狀殼體單元21，它包 含有一管狀内壁表面22包圍出一容置室23以及兩個開放末 端24A與24A’；以及一槽溝25與該容置室23還有該等開放末 端24A與24A’相連通；以及兩個可拆卸的蓋子26A與26A，， 15 匕們分別可附接至該開放末端24A與24A，並將之封閉。 依據本發明’該可自立的多孔載體的内部形成有許多 毛細官，而毛細管在栽培過程當中會被充滿以營養液(水分） 或空氣（氧氣）’當營養液多時則空氣少，反之則空氣多而營 養液少。營養液若不足，植物生長將遲緩甚至凋萎，而空 20氣不足會導致氣孔閉合而影響營養液的吸收甚至造成根端 細胞的朋解、腐爛。因此，當使用可自立的多孔載體來栽 培植物時，營養液與氧氣的平衡會影響植物的存活或生 長。而申請人於研究過程當中發現：在使用營養液的植物 栽培上’毛細管的容積(也就是該可自立的多孔載體的體積） 13 [S] 在紅輕巾要控财氣與營養液變化的緩衝效果 因此彳目對於要容置該可自立的多孔载體的該容置 室的容積’該可自立的多孔載體要有—最大體積。 、此外’在夜間’植物的蒸散作用下降，被蒸散的水分 並不多。因此’被包容在最大體積的可自立的多孔載體的 毛細管巾的切足叫綠_需水量。在賴降低水分 供應可以減少細胞膨壓，因而避免植物徒長。 义另外’若位於本案植物栽培裝置内的營養液/或水於入 夜别乾掉m可自立❹孔賴的幼根根端會枯死， 而因為在此時植物的需水量少（低紐），這些突出該可自立 的多孔載體的根端之枯死現象並不會致使整株植物枯死或 降低生長量。根端枯死可以避免根過度伸長於營養液或水 中而堵塞該可自iL的多孔載體與該容置室之_縫隙以致 影響到每一個植株的供水量。除此之外，若在斷根(根端枯 死）之後重新得到水分’可以促進植株長出新根。由於植物 根的吸收作用僅有端點數公分具有此功能，亦即植物根系 發育好是指根端多而非指根長得快，若定時讓該植物栽培 裝置内的營養液的水變乾，可促進植株長出多個側根，當 4貝J根多時’根端生合成較多細胞***素(Cyt〇kinjns)可促進 地上部腋芽的萌發，而使得地上部也會長出較多的側枝。 因此’在有限的根域空間下，本發明可利用定時讓根端枯 死的方式來達到促進植物的側根或分枝生長的效用。 根據以上的發現，該可自立的多孔載體較佳地被構形 成為具有一最大體積使得該可自立的多孔載體與該管狀殼 發明之一較佳具體例中，該管狀殼體單元與該蓋子是以塑 膠材料來製造。 圖6與圖7顯示本發明之一植物栽培裝置的使用狀態， 其中每個可自立的多孔載體B1可被直接播種以種子或被扦 插以一插穗，待培養至植物發根之後，即將該等已有植物 固义於上的可自立的多孔載體B2裝入至管狀殼體單元η 内，並從槽溝15處將該等可自立的多孔載體Β2之間的間距 調整好以使之不會相互接觸，然後以蓋子16將開放末端14Α 封蓋。而為使該蓋子16與該開放末端14Α能達成完全密封以 杜、、邑被加入至該管狀殼體單元u的容置室内的液體（營養 液或水)滲漏而出，可使用不透光膠布27將該蓋子與該管狀 殼體單元11相接之處整個密封住。 此外，§植株尚幼小時，該槽溝15要加以適當地覆蓋 以杜絕蒸發。因此，如圖7所示，該槽溝15可進一步被覆蓋 以-可拆卸的不歧元件29，而適用於本發明的材料有， 例如m透氣料料。而t植株成長至具有夠多 的枝葉時’該等枝葉將足以遮蔽住該槽溝而降低蒸發，此 時該可拆卸的不透光元件29即成為可有可無者。 參見圖7,依射請人的實驗結果，被加人至該管狀殼 體單元内的液體28 (營養液或水)的最高水位不應超過該可 自立的多孔载體B2的頂端壁表面，較佳為不超過該可自立 的多孔載細的2/3高度，這樣即不會有植物缺氧的情況發 生》 另外，為了避免營養液濃度太高，依據本發明的植物 1354534 栽培裝置宜採用每隔一 量，而使得植物裁培裝置 流動液體）。 日供應營養液，並控制水的供應 的底部大約在入夜前會變乾（沒有 依據本發明的植物栽培裝置可被平放在地面或—平么 5上來進行植物栽培，或是將之懸掛在—高於地面的位置 處。於是，依據本發明的植物栽培裝置可進一步包括—用 以將該裝置水平地懸掛在一高於地面的位置處之懸掛構件 (hangmgmeans)。例如，參見圖8，可使用繩索、鐵絲、鋼 索、釣魚線之類的懸吊器材3〇而將一或多個依據本發明的 10植物栽培裝置雜在-選定處所。或者，參見圖9，可將— 或多個依據本發明的植物栽培裝置固定在一框架Μ上。 因此，依據本發明的植物栽培褒置也可被用來製作花 牆’亦即使用-懸吊系統將多個依據本發明的植物栽培裝 置水平地(—_懸掛起來，而且該等植物栽培裝置的 15槽溝相對於懸吊系統的垂直方向可呈_不會影響水位高度 的角度，較佳是一為0。至45。的角度。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivating device suitable for cultivating a plant immobilized on a self-standing porous carrier. , wherein at least one self-supporting porous carrier is disposed in a tubular shell body unit of the cultivation device such that a lowermost wall surface of the at least one self-supporting porous carrier The bottom inner wall region 10 of the tubular housing unit is spaced apart in an upright direction to form a trough between the two, thereby allowing a section By means of a course of capf sub-irrigation of the at least one capillary action of the self-supporting porous carrier. The invention also relates to the use of the cultivation apparatus, comprising the method of cultivating plants with the apparatus and using the apparatus to set up flower walls. [Prior Art] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In order to maintain the normal growth of plants, oxygen must be Moisture and inorganic nutrients (in〇rgank _rca (8) are supplied to the root environment (r〇〇t_z〇ne environment). The traditional method of plant cultivation is to provide these needs by “soil”, ie seeds or Seedlings (sowing) are planted in the soil and regularly fertilized and irrigated, while plants are grown by sunlight and carbon dioxide in the air to grow up. Then there is soilless cultivation without using soil as a medium for cultivation. (Soilless culture) has been developed. This technique must artificially provide a culture medium and a nutrient solution for plant growth and development. This technique is also called nutri culture. Traditional nutrient cultivation methods often use sponges to fix plants, and the roots of plants are always immersed in nutrient solution, so this planting The method is also called hydroponic culture. This method must supplement the air (oxygen) into the nutrient solution (for example, through the nutrient solution or use the pump to supply gas), so as to maintain the immersion in the nutrient solution. In addition, the nutrient solution needs to be regularly updated to avoid plant nutrient loss or withering due to partial ion accumulation or partial acidity and partial test of the nutrient solution. The modern nutrient cultivation method is Various forms of soilless solid medium, such as coconut fiber, pearl stone, vermiculite, bark, sphagnum, artificial sphagnum, rockwool, flower squirt, etc., as a cultivation medium and After filling the cultivation tank or flower pot with a specific shape, the nutrient solution is supplied with different irrigation systems. These soilless solid media have good capillary structure and can be constructed well when being filled in the cultivation tank or flower pot. The physical structure, therefore, the nutrient solution does not need to be supplemented with helium. However, the above-mentioned soilless solid medium used in the liquid culture cultivation method does not have a Containers are used to hold the nutrient solution, and each pot must be supplied with nutrient solution independently. Even if the cultivation tank or plant bed (rock wool) is used, each plant needs to be independent. The nutrient solution supply system. In addition, when the flower pot is used as the container, the nutrient solution to be irrigated will flow out from the hole in the bottom of the basin to the outside. This will not only increase the cost of cutting but also pollute the surrounding environment. In a previous study, the applicant tried to put the Christmas red fixed on the cutting sponge in a plastic tray for nutrient cultivation. The nutrient solution was added on the first day of cultivation and the water was added on the fourth day to 6曰. For a loop. The surface of the plastic disk is covered with a black plastic cloth to reduce the hydration of the liquid and to isolate the light to avoid algae growth (see Patent Application No. 96119327). However, the applicant found that this type of culture could not effectively locate the cutting sponge, and the plant was prone to lodging during the cultivation process, and it was unable to achieve complete control of plant growth. Based on the above, it is necessary to create a novel plant cultivation device capable of cultivating a plurality of plants at the same time and saving water, saving fertilizer and being environmentally friendly. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a cultivating device adapted for growing a plant, which is suitable for being capable of supplying a plant for irrigation (plant irrigation) a liquid liquid supply unit comprising: a holding shell body extending along a longitudinal axis and having an upright orientation (upright) An upper boundary end and a lower boundary end opposite to each other, the upper boundary end having an upward directed opening, the holding housing further having an upright direction a bottom inner wall region opposite to the upwardly facing opening 1354534, the holding housing defining a cavity extending from the upper boundary end to the lower boundary end and terminating in the bottom inner wall region of the holding housing Accommodation chamber; and 5 at least one self-standing porous carrier (self-standable p Orous carrier) has a porous structure that allows for absolution of liquid via capillary action and anch〇rage of a root of the plant therein And having an uppermost wall surface and a lowermost wall surface opposite to each other in the upright direction, the at least one self-standing porous carrier being disposed in the housing chamber Having a gap between the bottom end wall surface and the bottom inner wall region of the retaining housing in the upright direction to form a trough between the two, the reservoir being adapted to receive 15 (receive) by the liquid The liquid supplied by the supply unit causes the bottom end wall surface to contact the liquid, thereby permitting a course of sub-irrigation by virtue of the capillary action of the at least one self-supporting porous support. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cultivation apparatus suitable for cultivating a plant 20 which is suitable for use with a liquid supply unit capable of supplying a liquid for plant irrigation, the cultivation apparatus comprising: The tubular shell body unit has a bottom housing wall region; and a shielding shell body is disposed on the holding shell and is formed with a communication 6 1354534 comL (communicating hole) extends upright through the shield shell and opposite the bottom inner wall region of the retaining shell; and at least one self-standing porous carrier has a porous structure to allow liquid to be absorbed via capillary action and The root of the plant is fixed in 5 and has a top wall surface and a bottom end wall surface opposite to each other in an upright direction, and the at least one self-supporting porous carrier is disposed in the tubular housing unit such that the shielded housing Shielding the at least one self-supporting porous carrier while allowing the plant to be above the root (an upper part of the plant a Bove the root) passing through the communication port L and causing the bottom end wall surface to be spaced apart from the bottom inner wall region of the holding housing in the upright direction to form a reservoir therebetween The reservoir is adapted to receive the liquid supplied by the liquid supply unit such that the bottom end wall surface contacts the liquid, thereby permitting a period of secondary irrigation by capillary action of the at least one self-supporting porous support. In a third aspect, the present invention provides a plant cultivating method, comprising: providing a tubular housing unit including a tubular inner wall surface extending along a longitudinal direction, the tubular The inner wall surface has a bottom inner wall region and a slot is opposite to each other along the longitudinal axis 20; a plurality of self-supporting porous carriers are spaced apart in the tubular housing unit, and each of the self-supporting porous carriers has a The porous structure allows absorption of the liquid via capillary action and the root of the plant is fixed therein, and each of the self-standing porous carriers is configured to have a top wall surface and a bottom end wall surface opposite to each other in the upright direction 7 1354534, and Having the respective self-supporting porous carriers contact the tubular inner wall surface of the tubular housing unit at discrete positions, and the top wall surface faces the groove and at least the bottom end wall surface The bottom inner wall region of the tubular 5 housing unit is spaced apart and is secured to each of the self-supporting porous loads The upper plant is extended beyond the root to the outside through the groove; and a liquid is supplied into the tubular housing unit and the liquid is allowed to be on the tubular inner wall surface of the tubular housing unit and each of the self-standing 10 Flow between the porous supports. In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of plant cultivation comprising: providing a tubular housing unit including a tubular inner wall surface extending along a longitudinal axis, the tubular inner wall surface having a bottom inner wall region and a grooved edge The longitudinal axis is opposite to each other, the groove having a width to allow a portion above the plant root to protrude outward from the tubular housing unit via the groove, the tubular housing unit having the longitudinal axis direction At least one open end is in communication with the outside and in communication with the groove; a plurality of self-supporting porous carriers are disposed 20 in the tubular housing unit via the open end, each of the self-supporting porous carriers having a The porous structure allows absorption of the liquid via capillary action and the root of the plant is fixed therein, and each of the self-supporting porous carriers is configured to have a top wall surface and a bottom end wall surface opposed to each other in the upright direction, such that each The self-standing porous carrier contacts the 8-end wall surface 7 at discrete locations. The self-supporting porous carrier B is disposed in the accommodating chamber 5 such that the bottom end wall surface 7 is spaced apart from the bottom inner wall region 4 of the holding casing A by an upright direction Y in the A sump 8 is formed between the sump 8 adapted to receive the liquid supplied by the liquid supply unit such that the bottom end wall surface 7 contacts the liquid, thereby allowing a section of the at least one self-supporting multi-carrier B The capillary action of the secondary irrigation period. The cutting device further includes a shield case C having an upper inner wall surface. The shield case C is formed with a communication hole 9 extending upright via the shield case C, and the shield case C is disposed at the shield case C. Holding the upper boundary end 1 of the housing A such that the upper inner wall surface of the shield housing C faces the top end wall surface 6 of the self-supporting porous carrier B in the upright direction Y and covers the upward direction The opening 3, thus shielding the self-standing porous carrier B while allowing the plant immobilized on the self-supporting porous carrier B to pass through the communication hole 9 at a position above the root (see Figs. 1 and 2 and subsequent Figure 6). According to the present invention, the communication hole 9 has a width capable of stopping the entry and exit of the self-supporting porous carrier B through the communication hole 9, and the communication hole 9 is preferably extended along the longitudinal axis direction X to become a groove ( Sl〇t) shape. According to the invention, the accommodating chamber 5 converges from the upper boundary end J to the lower boundary end 2 in the upright direction Y, and the accommodating chamber 5 preferably has a semicircular cross section. According to the invention, the holding housing A and the shielding housing C are preferably configured as a half-tube body, respectively, such that when the shielding housing C is disposed at the upper boundary end 1 of the holding housing A Above, the holding housing A cooperates with the shielding housing C to form a tubular housing unit, as shown in FIG. According to the invention, the holding housing and the shielding housing can be integrally formed integrally with one another. According to the present invention, the tubular housing unit can be configured as a cylindrical tube having a tubular inner wall surface and having no drain holes at least at the bottom inner wall region. According to the invention, the tubular housing unit has a circular or square cross section, preferably circular. According to the invention, the tubular housing unit has two opposite ends along the longitudinal axis, at least one of the two ends having an access opening to allow the at least one self-supporting porous carrier to enter and exit the tubular housing unit 10 The cultivation device further includes a cover configured to be detachably attached to the at least one end having the inlet and outlet to close the inlet and outlet. 3 and 4 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the plant cultivation apparatus 10 includes a tubular casing unit having a bottom inner wall region 17 which has no drainage holes at least in the bottom inner wall region ( Drain h〇les). The tube-like housing unit 11 has a tubular inner wall surface 12 enclosing a receiving chamber 13 having a circular cross section and an open end 14A and a closed end 14B, such that the self-standing porous carrier passes through The open end i4A enters or leaves the housing chamber 13 (see subsequent Figures 6 and 13). The tubular housing unit 11 also has a groove 15 opposite the bottom inner wall region 17 to allow 20 plants fixed to the self-supporting porous carrier to pass through the groove 15 at a location above the root. Figure 3 also shows a detachable cover 16 that can be attached to and closed to the open end 14A. In accordance with the present invention, the cover 16 can be correspondingly constructed in accordance with the configuration of the tubular housing unit u, as would be accomplished by those skilled in the art in accordance with the teachings of the prior art. For example, when the tubular housing unit 1 has a structure as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cover 16 can be formed to have an end wall 16A enclosing the open end 14A and a A peripheral end of the end wall 16A extends out and conforms to a skirt portion 16B surrounding the periphery of the open end 14A. Preferably, the cover 16 removably covers the open end 14A in a watertight engagement. Alternatively, after the side cover 16 has been attached to the open end μα, a watertight tape may be used to further seal the skirt 16B of the cover 16 from the tubular housing unit 11. 10 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view showing another plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, wherein the plant cultivation apparatus 20 has a tubular casing unit 21 including a tubular inner wall surface 22 surrounding an accommodation chamber 23 and two open ends. 24A and 24A'; and a groove 25 communicating with the accommodating chamber 23 and the open ends 24A and 24A'; and two detachable covers 26A and 26A, 15 respectively attachable thereto The ends 24A and 24A are opened and closed. According to the present invention, a plurality of capillaries are formed inside the self-supporting porous carrier, and the capillary is filled with nutrient solution (moisture) or air (oxygen) during cultivation. When the nutrient solution is large, the air is small, and vice versa. More air and less nutrients. If the nutrient solution is insufficient, the plant growth will be slow or even wilting, and the lack of air and gas will cause the stomata to close and affect the absorption of the nutrient solution and even cause the root cells to lie and rot. Therefore, when a plant can be grown using a self-supporting porous carrier, the balance of nutrient solution and oxygen affects the survival or growth of the plant. In the course of the research, the applicant found that the volume of the capillary (that is, the volume of the self-supporting porous carrier) in the cultivation of the plant using the nutrient solution 13 [S] in the red towel to control the change of the fuel and nutrient solution The buffering effect therefore attracts the volume of the containment chamber in which the self-standing porous support is to be accommodated. The self-standing porous support has a maximum volume. In addition, the evapotranspiration of plants at night is reduced, and there is not much evapotranspiration. Therefore, the cut-off of the capillary towel contained in the largest volume of the self-supporting porous carrier is called green water. Reducing the water supply can reduce cell turgor and thus avoid plant growth. In addition, if the nutrient solution/water in the plant cultivation device in this case does not dry up at night, the roots of the roots of the self-supporting pupils will die, and because the plants need less water (lower) at these time, these Highlighting the dead end of the root end of the self-supporting porous carrier does not cause the whole plant to die or reduce the amount of growth. The root end is dead to prevent the root from excessively elongating in the nutrient solution or water and blocking the gap between the porous carrier available from iL and the accommodating chamber so as to affect the amount of water supplied to each plant. In addition, if the water is regained after rooting (root dead), the plant can grow new roots. Since the absorption of plant roots has only a few centimeters of the endpoint, this means that the roots of the plant are well-developed, meaning that the roots are more than the roots, and the water of the nutrient solution in the plant cultivation device is dried. It can promote the plant to grow multiple lateral roots. When 4 shells are more than J roots, more cytokinins (Cyt〇kinjns) can promote the germination of shoots in the shoots, and the shoots will grow more. Side branch. Thus, in a limited root zone space, the present invention can utilize the means of delaying the root end to achieve the effect of promoting lateral root or branch growth of the plant. According to the above findings, the self-standing porous carrier is preferably configured to have a maximum volume such that the self-standing porous carrier and the tubular casing are in a preferred embodiment, the tubular housing unit and the cover Made of plastic materials. Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the state of use of a plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, wherein each of the self-supporting porous carriers B1 can be directly seeded with seeds or cut into a cutting stem, which is to be cultured until the roots of the plants are about to be The self-supporting porous carrier B2 on which the plant is fixed is loaded into the tubular casing unit η, and the spacing between the self-supporting porous carriers Β2 is adjusted from the groove 15 so that it does not Contact each other and then cover the open end 14Α with a cover 16. In order to allow the lid 16 and the open end 14 to be completely sealed, the liquid (nutrient solution or water) added to the housing chamber of the tubular housing unit u can be leaked out. The photo-adhesive cloth 27 seals the entire portion where the cover is in contact with the tubular housing unit 11. In addition, when the plants are still young, the grooves 15 are suitably covered to prevent evaporation. Thus, as shown in Fig. 7, the groove 15 can be further covered with a detachable non-discriminating element 29, and materials suitable for use in the present invention are, for example, m gas permeable materials. While the t-plant grows to have enough foliage, the leaves will be sufficient to shield the trough and reduce evaporation, at which point the detachable opaque element 29 becomes dispensable. Referring to Fig. 7, according to the results of the experiment, the highest water level of the liquid 28 (nutrient solution or water) added to the tubular casing unit should not exceed the top wall surface of the self-supporting porous carrier B2. Preferably, the height is not more than 2/3 of the self-supporting porous carrier, so that no plant hypoxia occurs. In addition, in order to avoid the nutrient solution concentration being too high, the plant 1354534 cultivation apparatus according to the present invention should preferably be used. Every other amount, the plant cutting device flows liquid). The bottom of the nutrient solution is supplied daily, and the bottom of the supply of water is controlled to dry before the night (the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention can be placed on the ground or on the ground 5 for plant cultivation, or to hang it in - a position above the ground. Thus, the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention may further comprise - suspension members for hanging the apparatus horizontally at a position above the ground. For example, see Figure 8. One or more plant cultivation apparatuses according to the present invention may be mixed in a selected space using a suspension device such as a rope, a wire, a wire rope, a fishing line, etc. Alternatively, referring to Fig. 9, one or more may be used. The plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention is fixed to a frame raft. Therefore, the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention can also be used to make a flower wall', that is, a use-suspension system to level a plurality of plant cultivation apparatuses according to the present invention. The ground (-_ is suspended, and the 15 grooves of the plant cultivation device may have an angle _ which does not affect the height of the water level with respect to the vertical direction of the suspension system, preferably one is 0. to 45 Angle.
因此’綜合以上所述，本發明也提供一種植物栽培方 法，其包括： 提供一包含有—沿—縱轴延伸的管狀内壁表面的 2〇管狀殼體單元，該管狀内壁表面具有—底内壁區域以及 一槽溝沿該縱轴而彼此相對， 將數個可自立的多孔載體間隔地配置在該管狀殼 體單元内，各個可自立的.多孔載體具有—多孔結構而容 許經由毛細作絲魏㈣以及«的_定於内，並 ⑶ 18 1354534 供應子管47各自經由蓋子而被***至植物栽培裝置内，以 便將水或經適當比例稀釋的營養液供應給所栽培的植株。 當使用該自動化滴灌系統4〇時，該等植物栽培裝置内的水 位最高不得超過可自立的多孔載體的2/3高度，最低時在該 5 等植物栽培裝置内沒有流動液體。該等植物栽培裝置的底 部每週至少乾一次(在夜間時），隨後在白天立即供應水。 有關營養液與水的供應量係依據所欲栽培的植物之種 類與數量以及栽培裝置的尺寸來決定，而且營養液應採間 隔供應方式，例如間隔一日或數日，而其餘時間則供應水。 10 適用於本發明的緩釋型固體肥料包括，但不限於：好 康多、奥斯魔肥(〇smoc〇te)等等。 依據本發明的植物栽培裝置可視所欲栽培的植物的種 類以及數量還有操作方便性來選定它的尺寸，特別是管狀 殼體單元的長度與管徑。大型植株適用大管徑的管狀殼體 15 單元，這容許有植株可生長出較廣大的根域。而就操作方 便性而言，管狀殼體單元可以長達2公尺。例如，想要栽培 出成長後大約為20〜30 cm高的植株時，可以使用具有一長 度大約為1公尺以及一管徑大約為2 5 cm的圓筒形管狀殼體 單元，而配合使用的可自立的多孔載體可具有一大約為 20 2x2x2 cm的體積。 依據本發明的植物栽培裝置可用來栽培園藝花卉植物 以及觀賞用木本植物，包括但不限於：彩葉草、聖誕紅、 非洲鳳仙、矮牽牛、玫塊花、扶桑花、菊花、向日葵、百 合、康乃馨、檸檬香桃木、九重葛、南歐紫荊、鵝掌藤、 21 1354534 楊梅、鐵炮百合、番茄 '茄子 '胡瓜、新幾内亞鳳仙、馬 纓丹、美人蕉、彩葉芋、風鈐草、皇帝菊、一串紅、天竺 赛以及鼠尾草等等。 5 待所栽培的植株成長至所欲高度或開花時，可將之從 栽培槽取出並置人玻璃、喊、木器、竹器等容器内來繼 續栽培以供室内擺設，或改種於花盆内來供室外觀賞。 依據本發明的植物栽培裝置極為省水。以迷你聖誕紅 為例，在9月以後開始栽培，生產丨株9週僅需2公升的溶液， 亦即每株每天用水3〇 mL。 10 此外，依據本發明的植物栽培裝置也不會有肥料污染 的門題同時’因為栽培環境乾(不會有洗水流出或溢出至 地面），植株發生病蟲害的問題遽減，因而減少甚至不需要 使用農藥(特別像是栽培諸如迷你聖誕紅的短期作物時）。 15 使用依據本發明的植物栽培裝置不會有藻類滋生的問 題發生，因此，使⑽據本發明的植物栽培裝置所 來的植株可連同可自立的多孔載體甚至整個植。 被空運出口販售。 戰培裴置 【實施方式】 較佳實施例之詳細說明 20 本發明將就下面的實例來做進一步說明，但應 是，該等實例僅是供例示說明用，而不應被解釋=解的 的實施上的限制。 馬本發明Thus, in summary, the present invention also provides a method of plant cultivation comprising: providing a 2-tubular tubular housing unit comprising a tubular inner wall surface extending along a longitudinal axis, the tubular inner wall surface having a bottom inner wall region And a groove is disposed opposite to each other along the longitudinal axis, and a plurality of self-supporting porous carriers are disposed in the tubular housing unit at intervals, and each of the self-supporting porous carriers has a porous structure allowing capillary filaments (four) and The «s are set to be inside, and (3) 18 1354534 The supply sub-tubes 47 are each inserted into the plant cultivation apparatus via a lid to supply water or a properly diluted nutrient solution to the cultivated plants. When the automated drip irrigation system is used, the water level in the plant cultivation apparatus must not exceed 2/3 of the height of the self-supporting porous carrier, and at the minimum there is no flowing liquid in the plant cultivation apparatus. The bottom of the plant cultivation apparatus is dried at least once a week (at nighttime), and then water is immediately supplied during the day. The supply of nutrient solution and water is determined according to the type and quantity of plants to be cultivated and the size of the cultivation device, and the nutrient solution should be supplied at intervals, for example, one day or several days, and the rest of the time is supplied with water. . 10 The slow-release type solid fertilizer suitable for use in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a good Kangduo, an osmoc〇te, and the like. The plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention can select its size, particularly the length and diameter of the tubular casing unit, depending on the species and quantity of the plant to be cultivated and the ease of handling. Large plants are suitable for large-diameter tubular shells 15 units, which allow plants to grow larger root areas. In terms of ease of operation, the tubular housing unit can be up to 2 meters long. For example, when it is desired to grow a plant having a height of about 20 to 30 cm after growth, a cylindrical tubular casing unit having a length of about 1 m and a diameter of about 25 cm can be used, and used together. The self-standing porous support can have a volume of about 20 2 x 2 x 2 cm. The plant cultivation device according to the present invention can be used for cultivating horticultural flower plants and ornamental woody plants, including but not limited to: colored leaf grass, Christmas red, African impatiens, petunia, rose flower, hibiscus, chrysanthemum, sunflower, Lily, carnation, lemon fragrant mahogany, bougainvillea, southern European bauhinia, gooseberry vine, 21 1354534 arbutus, iron cannon lily, tomato 'aubergine' courgette, New Guinea phoenix, lantana, canna, colored leafhopper, wind Valerian, emperor, a bunch of red, scorpio and sage, etc. 5 When the plant to be cultivated grows to the desired height or flowering, it can be taken out from the cultivation trough and placed in a glass, shout, wood, bamboo or other container to continue cultivation for indoor decoration, or replanted in a flower pot. For outdoor viewing. The plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention is extremely water-saving. Taking Mini Christmas Red as an example, cultivation started after September, and only 2 liters of solution was needed for 9 weeks of production, that is, 3 〇 mL per plant per day. 10 In addition, the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention does not have the problem of fertilizer contamination at the same time. 'Because the cultivation environment is dry (no wash water flows out or spills to the ground), the problem of plant pests and diseases is reduced, thereby reducing or even not Pesticides are needed (especially when growing short-term crops such as mini Christmas red). The use of the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention does not cause problems of algae growth, and therefore, the plants of the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention can be combined with a self-supporting porous carrier or even a whole plant. It is sold by air export. MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [Embodiment] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but it should be understood that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as The implementation of the restrictions. Ma Ben invention
圖11至圖18顯示申請人運用本發明的植物栽 裁培彩葉草的實況，其中：mi顯示申請人所製^的H 22 13-54534 出的彩葉草被懸吊起來的情形。Fig. 11 through Fig. 18 show the actual situation in which the applicant applied the plants of the present invention to cultivate the plants, wherein: mi shows the case where the colored grasses of H 22 13-54534 prepared by the applicant were suspended.
【主要元件符號說明】 A 固持殼體 16A 端壁 B 多孔載體 16B 裙部 C 屏蔽殼體 17 底内壁區域 X 縱軸方向 B1 ' B2 多孔載體 Y 直立方向 24A 、24A'開放末端 1 上邊界端 26A 、26A'蓋子 2 下邊界端 27 不透光膠布 3 開口 28 液體(營養液或水) 4 底内壁區域 29 可拆卸的不透光元件 5 容置室 30 懸吊器材 6 頂端壁表面 31 框架 7 底端壁表面 32 噴水頭 8 儲槽 33 水管 9 連通孔 40 自動化滴灌系統 10、20 植物栽培裝置 41 供水管 11 ' 21 管狀殼體單元 42 電磁閥 12、22 管狀内壁表面 43 定時器 13、23 容置室 44 濃縮營養液供應桶 14A 開放末端 45 肥料定比稀釋器 14B 封閉末端 46 供應母管 15、25 槽溝 47 供應子管 16 蓋子 [S 1 25[Main component symbol description] A Holding housing 16A End wall B Porous carrier 16B Skirt C Shielding housing 17 Bottom inner wall area X Vertical axis direction B1 'B2 Porous carrier Y Upright direction 24A, 24A' Open end 1 Upper boundary end 26A , 26A' cover 2 lower boundary end 27 opaque adhesive tape 3 opening 28 liquid (nutrient solution or water) 4 bottom inner wall area 29 detachable opaque element 5 accommodating chamber 30 suspension equipment 6 top wall surface 31 frame 7 Bottom wall surface 32 Water spray head 8 Storage tank 33 Water pipe 9 Connecting hole 40 Automatic drip irrigation system 10, 20 Plant cultivation device 41 Water supply pipe 11 ' 21 Tubular casing unit 42 Solenoid valve 12, 22 Tubular inner wall surface 43 Timer 13, 23 Accommodating chamber 44 concentrated nutrient supply tank 14A open end 45 fertilizer ratio diluter 14B closed end 46 supply female tube 15, 25 groove 47 supply sub-tube 16 cover [S 1 25