TWI351306B - Method of mass transfer of a material or heat - Google Patents
Method of mass transfer of a material or heat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI351306B TWI351306B TW093106064A TW93106064A TWI351306B TW I351306 B TWI351306 B TW I351306B TW 093106064 A TW093106064 A TW 093106064A TW 93106064 A TW93106064 A TW 93106064A TW I351306 B TWI351306 B TW I351306B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- mass transfer
- heat
- flow
- less
- specific surface
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004141 diterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
- F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
- F28F25/087—Vertical or inclined sheets; Supports or spacers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
- B01J2219/32217—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle of 90 degrees
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
- B01J2219/3222—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets with sheets having corrugations which intersect at an angle different from 90 degrees
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
- B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
- B01J2219/32244—Essentially circular apertures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
- B01J2219/32258—Details relating to the extremities of the sheets, such as a change in corrugation geometry or sawtooth edges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32265—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets
- B01J2219/32272—Sheets characterised by the orientation of blocks of sheets relating to blocks in superimposed layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/32408—Metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/32408—Metal
- B01J2219/32416—Metal fibrous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/326—Mathematical modelling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/33—Details relating to the packing elements in general
- B01J2219/3306—Dimensions or size aspects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/332—Details relating to the flow of the phases
- B01J2219/3325—Counter-current flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/72—Packing elements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Description
1351306 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種依據申請專利範圍第1項的前言之金 屬纖維製成之交叉通路塡料。 【先前技術】 具交叉通路構造的塡料爲人知已有數十年之久,參閱 例如瑞士專利CH-A-3 98 503號,該申請案已於1 962年提 出。交叉通路塡料通常由多個疊置在彼此上方的塡料元件 構成’各塡料元件則由多個平行層構成,這些層(依據所 述專利說明書是由波紋薄片組成)彼此接.觸,其與流動通 路一起形成交叉通路構造,流動通路相對於垂直線(塔軸 線)且彼此開放。材料及/或熱之交換之進行以塔塡料在 塡料表面的掉落液體膜與流經通路的氣體流之間的相界面 處發生。 在所述CH-A-3 98 5 03中’所示交叉通路之波紋薄片 設穿孔。另一種交叉通路塡料(其中的孔係安排成特殊方 式)揭示於德國專利DE-A-26 01 890號,在此公開案中 ’其穿孔目的爲當時習用技術已知者:||設孔的目的爲改 良塡料構件橫截面的氣體交換以及減少沿塔軸線的壓降" 。薄片可由例如金屬箔片、針織纖維或纖維製造,各由一 薄片形成且因而屬於同一層的流動通路由孔連接,使得補 償程序可相對於濃度和壓力發生。 接下來的多年發展考慮方向爲在減少壓降之外必須有 -5-
1351306 孔,在努力達成交叉通路塡料更加結果之時,吾人到達自 問以下問題之點:是否已經真正量度穿孔優點?因爲穿孔 造成材料損失;孔代表缺乏不能用於材料及/或熱之交換 的表面。 【發明內容】 本發明的目的在於提供一種交叉通路塡料,其可達成 ®的效果比習用者相比更佳,此目的係藉由申請專利範圍第 1項所界定者達成。 一種金屬纖維製成的交叉通路塡料,其係用於一種方 法,其中材料及/或熱之交換在一液體流和一氣體或蒸汽 流之間進行,此金屬纖維(1)由垂直層(1 1',12')構成,垂 直層由形成流動通路(1 3 )的波紋或摺疊金屬纖維(1 1,1 2) 構成,氣體或蒸汽流在流動通路中流動,液體流在金屬纖 維上流動,相鄰層的流動通路呈開放式橫跨,跨接的通路 *之間的角度小於1 00度,在該方法中,纖維塡料係由相當 小的液體負載作用,金屬纖維形成大部分無孔或孔口的液 體流之載體,液體負載之値係依據關係式L/a < 10 1/mh 加以選擇’其中L爲塔橫截面每單位面積的體積單元之比 表面積負載,而a爲金屬纖維全長的比表面積。 若在依據本發明的纖維塡料中決定壓力損失而且若對 由穿孔金屬纖維製成的習知塡料進行相同測定,發現未預 期的效果。在比較例中,材料交換程序的重要參數設定成 相等’亦即塡料浸濕面容積相同。與傳統教導相反,依據 -6- 1351306 傳統教導,沿著塔軸的壓降應因爲穿孔而降低,但令人驚 訝的是無孔纖維塡料的壓降明顯較小,纖維塡料由程序中 的相當小的液體負載作用時皆適用,而且氣體流因而低到 對應程度》由於金屬纖維形成自濕式液體流載,因此亦可 真正達到小液體負載。 亦對孔比率不同的纖維塡料進行比較測定,在評估試 驗時亦將液壓直徑列入考慮,吾人認知到在具穿孔的纖維 中,孔會造成壓力損失,這個事實與學派相反,結果吾人 應在所述狀況下使纖維塡料大部分或完全無穿孔。 【實施方式】 依據圖1,具一軸線20的一塔2包含一塡料1和一 液體分配器(橫切管210,分配通路211),多個塡料元 件10, 1(Γ,10"安排成疊置在彼此上方,塔在使用時,一 液體和一氣體或蒸汽流在相反方向流動。 在塔2特殊實施例中,可分別區隔出一下端區1〇2、 —中央區100、和一上端區102,在塡料元件10端部的端 區101和102之流動阻力因適當形狀相對於中央區而言較 低,此種有利實施例目於歐洲專利說明書ΕΡ 0 8 5 8 366。 各塡料元件10由多個平行層1Γ,12'構成,見圖2 ,具三角形橫截面14的平行通道14由分別摺疊成鋸齒狀 的金屬纖維11和12在層11\ 12'中形成,(金屬纖維Π 和12可爲波紋狀),通道相對於垂直線20'傾斜,垂直線 20'與塔軸線20平行,它們與它夾有一傾斜角φ。在相鄰 1351306 層Π,,12,之間的接觸平面15處,在平面15開放的層12, 之通道13橫跨相鄰層11,的對應通道,橫跨角度達2φ低 於100度。橫截面14形成狀爲等腰三角形,高度爲h( 等於層12,厚度)’腰爲s,底部爲b,或稱爲階梯,腰s 與底部b之間角度σ在很多場合達到45度,σ等於45度 的塡料比表面積a在理想狀況下給定爲2V2/h,使得摺疊 緣沒有倒圓,金屬纖維的兩側在此程序中皆列入計算。 比表面積a之界定係與是否有穿孔無關,反之,浸濕 面a1取決於金屬纖維是否穿孔,在上述比較實驗中,塡料 係與尺寸相同的浸濕面af比較。 以下尺寸係選擇用於較大部分有穿孔的第一纖維塡料 卩1:層高=6.5 111111;底部6=10.2 111111;比表面積3 = 507 m2/m3;浸濕面af = 450 m2/m3;傾斜角φ = 30度;穿孔: 1 1 %孔比率,亦即纖維表面爲開放之比例(孔徑:4 mm ) 〇 以下尺寸係選擇用於小部分穿孔的第二纖維塡料P2 :層高=7 mm;底部 b=10.2 mm;比表面積 a = 475 m2/m3 ;浸濕面a' = 4 5 0 m2 / m3 ;傾斜角φ = 3 0度;穿孔:5 %孔比 率,亦即纖維表面爲開放之比例(孔徑:4 mm )。 在直徑爲250 mm的塔中且在輸送壓力爲50 mbar之 下進行二塡料P 1和P2之測定,測定係對要分離氯苯和苯 乙烷的混合物進行。 圖3和4示出二塡料P1和P2(對數標度)的測定結 果,在圖3中,分離效率與因子F相關,F = vGVpG (其中 1351306 vG爲流率’ pG爲氣體G密度),分離效率係表示爲每公 尺的理論分離階段數n(NTSM)。二塡料P1和P2並無 發現明顯差異,然而’圖4中有差異,此顯示出塡料pj 和P2中每次測量的壓力損失。 比較的塡料P1和P2有相同的浸濕面a',但比表面積 a不同’因而有不同的液壓直徑dh。在較大液壓直徑( P2dh = 7.9 mm)下’壓降稍小於較小液壓直徑者( Pldh = 7.4 mm)。令人驚訝的是塡料P2中的壓力損失降低 程度比因液壓直徑引起的預期程度。 至於壓力損失,在受調查的典型塡料狀況下,幾乎與 液壓直徑成反比,此可參閱已經証實的損失模型(參閱J. A. Rocha,J. L. Bravo, J. R_ Fair,"含構造化塡料的蒸餾 塔:其性能的總模型,1.液壓模型”,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res· 1 993,32,64 1 -65 1 ) ’結果是塡料P2應產生比塡料 P1低6.3 %的壓力損失,然而,測量到較大的降低(比較 圖4,亦即降低20% )❶ 若在相同浸濕面下降低孔數,可預期以下結果:a)壓 力損失降低約6-7%,因爲液壓直徑增加(可由符合實驗 的相互關係展示);b)壓力損失增加量不能置入圖中,因 爲孔數較少而且塡料較不能透過;c)二量最好彼此抵消。 實際上進行以下實驗: •壓力損失降低約6 - 7 %,因爲液壓直徑增加。 •壓力損失可更降低約1 4%,其可僅因孔數變化而起 -9- 結果,纖維塡料中的孔有助於增加壓力降低,此事實 與學派相反。 在依據本發明的金屬纖維製成的交叉通路塡料中,金 屬纖維形成大部分無孔或其他孔口的液體流載體,本方法 需要者爲依據以下關係式爲液體負載選擇値: q* = L/a < 0.01 m3/mh = 10 1/mh 其中參數L爲塔橫截面每單位面積的體積單元之比表 面積負載;a爲金屬纖維全長的比表面積;q'爲每單位時 間的液體容量和纖維碼數(此碼數爲在塔橫截面測量的纖 維緣計算長度的兩倍)。 對纖維塡料而言,量q' = 10 ml/mh等於L = 4.5 m3/m2h (每平方公尺塔橫截面以及小時),因爲a = af = 450 m2/m3 (無穿孔),此最大負載對總回流和以下場合 爲典型者: •在輸送壓力爲50 mbar且因子F小於2.2VPa之下 測試順/反 dekalin (cis-/transdekalin)混合物。 •在輸送壓力爲10 mbar且因子F小於5VPa之下測 試順/反 dekalin (cis-/transdekalin)混合物。 •在輸送壓力爲50 mbar且因子F小於2.6VPa之下 測試順/反氯苯和苯乙烷混合物。 •在輸送壓力爲100 mbar且因子F小於1 .8VPa之下 測試順/反氯苯和苯乙烷混合物。 -10- 1351306 因此負載對於在100 mbar的真空下的交叉通路塡料 爲典型。 當多個塡料元件(10,1(Γ, 10")安排在彼此上方且當以 下適用時,依據本發明的交叉通路塡料特別適當:塡料元 件可分別區隔出下端區(102)、一央區(100)和一上端區 (102),端區(1〇1, 1〇2)在塡料元件至少一端部的流動阻力 相對於中央區而言因適當形狀而降低。在此塡料中,在壓 降有額外的改良結果,端區(101,102)係特別設計使得流 動通路局部方向在各場合漸漸變化,使得流動通路有一 S 形路線。 【圖式簡單說明】 接著將參照圖式詳細說明本發明,其中: 圖1爲具塡料元件的一塔之上部; 圖2爲具交叉通路的塡料一部分; 圖3爲二纖維塡料分離效率比較圖;以及 圖4爲相同塡料壓力損失圖。 主要元件對照表 1 塡料 2 塔 10 塡料元件 1 0,塡料元件 10"塡料元件 -11 - 1351306 11 金屬纖維 1 ^平行層 12 金屬纖維 1 2'平行層 13 平行通路 14 三角橫截面 15 平面 参20軸 2 (V 垂直線 100 中央區 1 0 1 栖區 1 02端區 2 1 0橫切管 21 1分配通路 b 底部 暑h高度 s 腰 φ 傾斜角 σ 角度 -12-
Claims (1)
1351306 拾、申請專利範圍 1. 一種材料或熱的質量傳遞方法,包含的步驟爲: 提供一交叉通路塡料,其具有多層以平行方式垂直地 設置之金屬纖維的波紋層,其上有下降的液流體流動’每 一金屬纖維的波紋層具有無孔的表面其以與相鄰的層相互 交叉(criss-crossing)且角度小於100度的方式界定流動通 路以供蒸汽流動於其間:及 用一液體負載値來充塡該塡料,該液體負載値係依據 下列關係式加以選擇: L/a < 10 1/mh 其中L爲塔橫截面每單位面積的體積單元之比表面積 負載;而 a爲金屬纖維全長的比表面積(specific surface area) ο 2·依據申請專利範圍第1項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法’其中液體流和蒸汽流流動方向相反。 3.依據申請專利範圍第1項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法,其中: L/a 小於 1 1/mh® 4·依據申請專利範圍第1項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法,其中: L/a 小於 0.2 1/mh。 5.依據申請專利範圍第1至4項任一項項之材料或 熱的質量傳遞方法,其中塡料量比表面積a係介於300和 -13- 1351306 8 00 m2/m3 之間。 6·依據申請專利範圍第1項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法,其中塡料量比表面積a係介於300和500 m2/m3 之間》 7·依據申請專利範圍第1項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法,其進一步包含的步驟爲: 將多個塡料元件以一個疊在另一個上方的方式垂直地 隹堆疊以界定一下端區、一中央區和一上端區,其中該等塡 料元件的形狀被作成可在該等塡料元件的至少一端的端區 內施加一比中央區的流動阻力小的流動阻力。 8. 依據申請專利範圍第7項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法’其中各端區形狀設計成有利於其內的流動通路的局 部方向逐漸地改變。 9. 依據申請專利範圍第1項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法,其中L等於4.5m3/m2h及其中m2爲平方公尺塔橫 ®截面及h爲一小時及a等於450m2/m3。 10·依據申請專利範圍第9項之材料或熱的質量傳遞 方法’其中該方法是在lOOmbar的真空下被實施。 -14-
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ES2138358T3 (es) * | 1995-07-08 | 2000-01-01 | Basf Ag | Empaquetaduras de material de tejido o de material similar al tejido con poca perdida de presion, con estructura ordenada, para su utilizacion en columnas de intercambio de materiales, y procedimiento para la rectificacion utilizando estas empaquetaduras. |
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-
2004
- 2004-03-08 TW TW093106064A patent/TWI351306B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-19 ES ES04405240T patent/ES2366615T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-19 EP EP04405240A patent/EP1477224B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-19 AT AT04405240T patent/ATE517684T1/de active
- 2004-05-07 US US10/841,293 patent/US7434794B2/en active Active
- 2004-05-10 JP JP2004139560A patent/JP4885428B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-12 BR BRPI0401734-0B1A patent/BRPI0401734B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2004-05-13 MX MXPA04004527 patent/MX269249B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-05-14 CN CNB2004100432181A patent/CN100415359C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-14 RU RU2004114831/15A patent/RU2347609C2/ru active
- 2004-05-14 NO NO20041992A patent/NO337609B1/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX269249B (es) | 2009-08-14 |
ES2366615T3 (es) | 2011-10-21 |
US20050249648A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
US7434794B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
EP1477224A1 (de) | 2004-11-17 |
CN1550258A (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
CN100415359C (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
NO20041992L (no) | 2004-11-17 |
EP1477224B1 (de) | 2011-07-27 |
JP2004351416A (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
MXPA04004527A (es) | 2004-11-18 |
RU2004114831A (ru) | 2005-10-27 |
ATE517684T1 (de) | 2011-08-15 |
TW200507918A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
NO337609B1 (no) | 2016-05-09 |
RU2347609C2 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
BRPI0401734B1 (pt) | 2013-08-06 |
BRPI0401734A (pt) | 2005-01-18 |
JP4885428B2 (ja) | 2012-02-29 |
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