1326741 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本案與風力發電設備有關，更詳而言之，係一種能以低風速啟動之 内轉子式風力發電機。 【先前技術】 鑒於七〇年代末期的石油危機’許多歐美國家開始尋求能源出路， 最積極的是丹麥’自八〇年代初^，丹麥政府即十分熱衷地支持風力發 電所以，現在丹麥擁有舉世最傲人的風機工業，甚至取代漁業成為出 口第一大不貨物。該國風力發電量至2000年底達用電量，丹麥政 府甚至汁劃至2030年將風電提高至50%。德國則是從一九九一年開始 立法規疋風電電價為最終用戶價格的百分之九十，立法後，風電有風 起雲汤的發展，甚至後來居上。德國至厕年底已裝有九千多台風機， 2000年單年裝機更達167〇MW，相當於半個核四超過了德國所有傳 統發電的總合為全球之冠。 就台灣發電業結構觀之，一九九九年有67.3%的電來自火力發電， 26.8%來自核能，5 9%來自水力發電。核能發電的經濟效益一直被許多 的先進國家執疑，以英國、美國及德國為例，其在電業自由化後，許多 核電廠因經濟效益太低而自動關閉。估且排除經濟效益一事，核能發電 所產生的核廢料及核電廠事故更可能帶給後代子孫無窮的禍害。至於火 力發電，則因油料依賴進口，而有國家安全以及經濟自主性的相關影 響，而其所造成的環境污染問題，亦不容小覬。水力發電在我國目前雖 只佔個位數的使用比例，但對於自然環境、河川濬流的破壞也應認真評 5 1326741 估。 改變σ灣發電業結構’風力發電是可行的方案’經學者專家評估， 台灣為風能潛力優_地區，若能大量有效的錢此得天獨厚的風力資 源’使能源結構可多元化，減少對單項能源的過份依賴而喪失自主獨立 外，更能切合永續發展的長期策略。 以下我們將風力發電之原理做一簡單的介紹。 風力發電簡單地說是透過風能轉動葉片，將風能轉換為機械能，並 利用發電機將機械能轉換為電能，再· #電池將能量储存。所以風力 發電設備主要包括了風車以及發電機兩大部份^依風車以及發電機結合 之型式，風力發電機概可分為内轉子式及外轉子式。 所謂的外轉子式’簡單的說，係轉子在定子外側旋轉的構造。葉輪 受風帶動料轉子轉動，使轉子與定子相對運動而產生钱，經後端整 流器整流輸出。此-型式之風車以英國黯心公司製造之 型為代表。 所谓的内轉子式，係轉子在定子内部旋轉的構造1輪受風帶動内轉 子轉動’使轉子與疋子相對運動而產生電能，經後端整流器整流輸出。 此-型式之風車以美國Southwestern公司製造之皿4〇3型為代表。與 上述外轉式風力發電機相較，内轉子式風力發電機的風車慣量較小，相 對的啟動較為容易。但是’目前錢所採用ikw以上之風力發電機多 採外轉式。 風力發電機主要應用風能發電，所以風車是受風主體，因此風車之 6 1326741 圖所示之風車，大致上是以一 式，葉輪的面積僅佔風車主體極小的 風車的掃掠面積主要由風葉所構成， 以增加葉片長度為主要手段。按照結 設計與風能應用有緊密的關連性。如第一 葉輪連接風葉’葉片為長帶型三葉式’葉 一部份’風葉與葉輪的比例懸殊，風車的 所以要增加風葉擷取風能之能力 ，以增加 構力予，長帶型的風葉其結構強度並不穩定，受風時容易發生彎曲的現 象’且受風搖晃的情形較為嚴重，造成切風不穩定的情形。除此之外， =上述風車的掃掠面射，三風葉之_空了絕大多數的比例，大 部份的風會從風葉之間的空間穿過而沒有作用在風葉上。總的來說，該 等型式之風車具有擷取風能之能力以及利用率不佳的問題，所以應設置1326741 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] This case relates to wind power generation equipment, and more specifically, an inner rotor type wind power generator that can be started at a low wind speed. [Previous technology] In view of the oil crisis in the late seventies, many European and American countries began to seek energy outlets. The most active is Denmark's since the early 1980s. The Danish government is very keen to support wind power, so now Denmark has the most The proud wind turbine industry has even replaced the fishery as the largest export non-goods. The country's wind power generation reached electricity consumption by the end of 2000, and the Danish government even increased its wind power to 50% by 2030. In Germany, since 1991, the wind and electricity tariffs have been 90% of the end-user price. After the legislation, wind power has developed from the wind, and even came to the fore. At the end of the year, Germany has installed more than 9,000 wind turbines. In 2000, it installed 167 MW in a single year, which is equivalent to half of the nuclear four and more than all the traditional power generation in Germany. In terms of the structure of Taiwan's power generation industry, in 1999, 67.3% of electricity came from thermal power generation, 26.8% from nuclear power, and 9% from hydropower. The economic benefits of nuclear power generation have been questioned by many advanced countries. In the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany, for example, after the liberalization of the electricity industry, many nuclear power plants were automatically shut down due to low economic efficiency. In terms of estimating and excluding economic benefits, nuclear waste and nuclear power plant accidents generated by nuclear power generation are more likely to bring endless disasters to future generations. As for coal-fired power generation, because oil depends on imports, it has the impact of national security and economic autonomy, and the environmental pollution caused by it cannot be underestimated. Hydropower generation in China currently accounts for only a single digit use ratio, but the damage to the natural environment and river turbulence should also be carefully evaluated. Change the structure of the Sigma Bay power generation industry's wind power generation is a feasible solution. According to the evaluation of scholars and experts, Taiwan has excellent potential for wind energy. If there is a large amount of effective money, this unique wind resource can make the energy structure diversified and reduce the single item. Excessive dependence on energy and loss of independence, it is more in line with the long-term strategy of sustainable development. Below we will make a brief introduction to the principle of wind power generation. Wind power simply means turning the blades through wind energy, converting wind energy into mechanical energy, and using a generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and then #电池 stores energy. Therefore, wind power generation equipment mainly includes wind turbines and generators. The wind turbines can be divided into inner rotor type and outer rotor type. The so-called outer rotor type is simply a structure in which the rotor rotates outside the stator. The impeller is driven by the wind to rotate the rotor, so that the rotor and the stator move relative to each other to generate money, which is rectified and output through the rear end rectifier. This type of windmill is represented by the type manufactured by British Heart Company. The so-called inner rotor type is a structure in which the rotor rotates inside the stator, and the inner rotor rotates by the wind. The rotor and the dice move relative to each other to generate electric energy, which is rectified and outputted through the rear end rectifier. This type of windmill is represented by the type 4〇3 of the American Southwestern Company. Compared with the above-mentioned externally-rotating wind turbine, the wind turbine inertia of the inner rotor type wind power generator is small, and the relative starting is relatively easy. However, the current wind turbines using ikw or more are more externally converted. Wind turbines mainly use wind energy to generate electricity, so the windmill is the main body of the wind. Therefore, the windmill shown in Fig. 6 1326741 is roughly one type. The area of the impeller is only the area of the windmill. The sweeping area of the windmill is mainly composed of the blades. The composition is to increase the length of the blade as the main means. According to the knot design, there is a close relationship with wind energy applications. For example, if the first impeller is connected to the blade, the blade is a long-belt type of trefoil, and the ratio of the blade to the impeller is very different. Therefore, the windmill needs to increase the ability of the blade to extract wind energy to increase the force of the blade. The wind blade has a structural strength that is not stable, and is prone to bending when subjected to wind', and the wind is shaken more severely, resulting in unstable wind. In addition, the swept surface of the above-mentioned windmills, the three winds _ empty the vast majority of the proportion, most of the wind will pass through the space between the blades without acting on the blades. In general, these types of windmills have the ability to extract wind energy and poor utilization, so they should be set.
構力學，長帶66 SF接甘4士接T姐 風力發電機是否容易被啟動，除了風車結構之外，發電機的轉子慣 量以及頓轉轉矩也是決定因素之一。 關於轉子慣量，以；H/4GD2關係式分析〔G為轉子重量(KG)，D 為轉子直徑(m)〕，可證轉子直徑決定轉子慣量，相同重量的圓柱轉子， 轉子直徑愈小者，轉子慣量愈小，愈容易啟動。所以，内轉子式發電機 的轉子直徑小於外轉式的轉子直徑，因此較容易被啟動。換言之當風 車負載高慣量之轉子，會使風車不易受風啟動。 關於頓轉轉矩’永磁發電機或電動機的轉子有一種沿著某一特定方 向與定子對齊的趨勢’由此趨勢會產生__種振盛轉矩，稱為緒轉矩或 頓轉轉矩（eoggingtotgue)。料魏赫纟，賴轉矩賴車旋轉的 7 1326741 始動風速有直接的影響力，高頓轉轉矩之發電機會有頓點，低速起轉不 順，相對的風車的起動風速必需拉高。 以上之分析，可供吾等知悉要設計一較佳功能的風力發電機必需解 決低風速起動不易、風能利用率不佳等問題。接下來，再對於上述風力 發電機之電壓輸出的問題做進一步的討論。 風力發電機有一獨立於風車後端的發電機設備，該發電機設備大致 上係將發電機以及整流器整合於一機艙中。在組製風力發電機的階段， 需先確認後端的蓄電系統或供電負載系統所採用之特定電壓（例如 12V、24V、36V、48V)，然後選定一種可輸出該特定電壓的發電設備。 例如，蓄電系統若為DC24V，則只能選擇輸出DC24V的發電設備。也 就是說，以更換發電設備做為應變不同電壓輸出之手段，這使得風力發 電機的建置成本魏極高，但是電壓輸&以及應用範_被額定偈限， 這樣的高成本設備會使得後端_再生能，得昂貴，不符合經 濟效益。 【發明内容】 鑑於上述之分析，吾等於設計本案風力發電機時，對於風葉操取風 此之此力、風車結構強度、風能利轉、發錢轉子慣量、頓轉轉矩、 起動風速、電壓輸出等方面多有著墨。 —種低風速啟狀_子式風力發電機，包括—風車、—發電機、 1刷滑環組合單元、以及_尾翼;賴車主要包括—葉輪以及組設於 该葉輪週邊的單元葉片；該發電機的轉子與該葉輪連接，接受該葉輪所 8 1326741 、遞之機械⑧而產生電能；該碳刷滑環組合單元與該發電機的輸電導線 ' 得電機所產生的電能輸出；該發電機以及該碳刷滑環組合單元 “置在機艙内，㉗尾翼以—連接桿連翻定於該麟底部；上述之 =疋11盤，.，。構，其外週設一厚度薄於該葉輪厚度的接合邊緣，該接 合邊緣供上叙單元^減；該單元葉4 _接合邊雜合之端部設 有-接合槽，該接合邊緣嵌人該接合射，紅若干_元件將該單元 葉片固技該接合邊緣；上述之葉輪半如及—單元^長度之總合構 成該風車掃掠面積之半徑。該葉輪之直徑至少占該單元葉片長度之二分 之4以上的比例’使其在啟動時，由葉輪的大面積擋風，並將風導引至 各料，增加其啟動性能；另外，在相同的葉片長度時，大葉輪的設計 使得風車的掃掠面積加大’所以增加了風能利用率；上述單元葉片是以 其長寬比例構成寬板形狀’且以五至六葉之數量平均間隔地組設在該葉 輪的接合邊緣；上述發電機為内轉子式，並具有低轉子慣量及低頓轉轉 矩之特性；上述風力發電機採高額定電壓輸出，並以一後端轉換系統調 整電壓。 本案所達成之目的及功效包括： 本案之風力發電機屬於内轉子式風力發電機。 本案風車可增進風能利用率，在低風速的風力環境中起動。 本案之風車具有穩定運轉之增進功效。 本案發電機具有低轉子慣量以及低頓轉轉矩之特性。 本案風力發電機可使後端利用再生能源的費用得以減低。 9 丄：)/0/4丄 詳細之目的及功效說明於後詳述。 【實施方式】 以下先對於本案之硬體設備做―介紹，再以該賴設備為基 本案之特點及功效。 :- 硬體設備 如圖所示，本案風力發電機包括一風車2〇、一發電機、山 _兔刷 滑裱組合單70 40、以及一尾翼50。風車2〇主要包括一葉輪2丨以及組 設於該葉輪21上的單元葉片22。該發電機3〇的轉子31與該葉輪21 連接，接受該葉輪21所傳遞之機械能而產生電能。該碳刷滑環组人單 元40與該發電機30的輸電導線34連接，將發電機30所產生的電力輸 出。該發電機30以及該碳刷滑環組合單元40被設置在〜機驗32内。 5亥尾翼50以一連接桿51連接固定於該機餘32底部。該尾翼％受風力 之作用，使該風車20以及上述的機艙32轉向於可有效受風的方向。 上述尾翼50之設計，使該機艙32及風車20成為一個受風旋轉的機 構，這使得上述發電機的輸電導線34面臨纏線的問題，因此利用該碳 刷滑環組合單元40來解決。該碳刷滑環組合單元40中的碳刷41與發 電機30的輸電導線34連接’銅環42則枢套在一固定輛43外咳機擒 32可繞著該固定軸43旋轉’碳刷41以連接器44與機艙32產生固定的 關係，隨著機艙32轉動的碳刷41與固定的銅環42接觸，而將電能傳 輸予銅環42，銅環42另連接輸電導線45，該輸電導線45穿入該固定 1326741 軸43中而向外延伸出機艙32外。如此，不論機艙32如何的轉動，該 . 輸電導線45皆不受影響，無纏線問題。 本案風車2〇,其葉輪21是一圓盤結構，其外週設一厚度薄於該圓 ' 盤厚度的接合邊緣23，該接合邊緣23供上述之單元葉片22組設。該 單元葉片22與該接合邊緣23組合之端部設有一接合槽24，該接合邊 緣23嵌入該接合槽24中，並以若干固定元件乃將該單元葉片22固定 在該接合邊緣23。 特點及功效 本案風力發電機屬於内轉子式風力發電機。 如圖所示之本案之風力發電機，可知其係轉子在定子内部旋轉的發電 構造，因此本案係屬於内轉子式風力發電機。以J=1/4 GD2關係式分析， 可證轉子趋蚊轉子慣4，轉子直财小者，轉子㈣愈小，愈容易 啟動。所以’⑽子式發電_轉子直徑小於外轉式的轉子直徑，因此 本案採用⑽子式發電機具有容易起動之優勢。 案几車可増進風能利用率，在低風速的風力環境中起動 …案之風車’包括了圓盤狀的葉輪以及結合於該葉輪邊緣的六個單 :葉片。風車掃掠的圓面積半徑是葉輪半徑以及—單元葉片長度之總 口^由圖式可知’葉輪半徑與單元葉片長度各自佔有該掃掠圓面積半徑 ，的掃掠面積是由葉輪以及單_所共_成，風車 又5 ”。構_早,。麻風能之多寡與風車受風的面積成正比， 1326741 本案以大餘之倾增加賴車的掃掠㈣，因此可增錢能 再者，本案風車之單元荦片為宽柘+ ^ 率。 衫板式，每—單枝η擴大的面積成 受風面積增加，使風車之風能利用率再提昇。而單元葉片是以二 組合於葉輪週邊，以多葉型態配合寬板面積，使各單元葉片之 適當的受風距離，該距離雜良好喊體流祕，因此 ^、、— 力作用在葉輪料轉以，從郎〇躺損失未風 所以增加了風能·^在#輪以及單元葉片相辅相成之伽下，本案 之風車可大幅提昇風能利用率，所以能實現低風速起轉風車之目的 本案之風車具有穩定運轉之增進功效 -"本案以葉輪半彳1以及—單元^長度之總合構賴車掃掠面積之 · 私誠如上&所3以及本案之®面表示，葉輪半徑與單元葉片長度各 自佔有該掃掠面積半徑之相當比例。換言之，本案的葉輪相對於整個風 車而言’係為—大面積比例之結構，葉輪構成風車的質量中心，使其具 參有穩定的重心，當風車受風轉動時，該葉輪發揮穩定重心之功能，使風 車可穩足的轉動’減少搖晃的情形，相對的轉動脅音可大幅降低。而按 ，、，、，·。構力學’寬板型單元葉片可表現較佳的強構強度，受風不易彎曲或 搖晃’因此可以穩定的切風。本案風車具有穩定重心的葉輪以及穩定切 風的單元葉片，因此具有穩定運轉的增進功效。 雖然本案強調大面積的葉輪，但是葉輪質量亦有其考量之必要性， 以免葉輪靜質量過大反而衍生慣量過大起動困難的情形^4目同直徑以 及相同單it葉片之條件下，分別對4量為2kg、13kg以及·g的葉輪 12 丄 WO/41 汰_ 起動貫驗，i.31^的葉輪可以得到一個預期的低起動風速， yu而以大於獅起動風速之風力才能啟動，較不符合低風速啟動 之期待10.8kg响動風速反而比13kg大並沒有因為靜質量變小 而使起動風速成正比叫低。所以在此實驗數據中 為較佳。 以1.3kg的葉輪表現 本案發電機具有低轉子慣量以及侧娜矩之特性。Structural mechanics, long belt 66 SF to Gan 4 Shi to T sister Wind turbines are easy to start, in addition to the windmill structure, the generator's rotor inertia and torque is also one of the decisive factors. Regarding the rotor inertia, the relational analysis of H/4GD2 [G is the rotor weight (KG), D is the rotor diameter (m)], the rotor diameter can be determined to determine the rotor inertia, the same weight of the cylindrical rotor, the smaller the rotor diameter, The smaller the rotor inertia, the easier it is to start. Therefore, the rotor diameter of the inner rotor type generator is smaller than that of the outer rotor type, and thus it is easier to start. In other words, when the wind turbine loads a high inertia rotor, the windmill is not easily driven by the wind. There is a tendency for the rotor of a permanent magnet generator or motor to align with the stator in a certain direction. This trend will produce a __ type of vibration torque, called the torque or the rotation. Moment (eoggingtotgue). It is expected that the starting wind speed will have a direct influence. The high-torque torque generator will have a point, the low speed will not turn smoothly, and the relative wind speed of the windmill must be raised. The above analysis allows us to know that to design a better function of the wind turbine, it is necessary to solve the problems of low wind speed starting and poor wind energy utilization. Next, the problem of the voltage output of the above wind turbine is further discussed. The wind turbine has a generator device that is independent of the rear end of the windmill. The generator device generally integrates the generator and the rectifier into a nacelle. In the stage of setting up the wind turbine, it is necessary to confirm the specific voltage (for example, 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V) used in the back-end power storage system or the power supply load system, and then select a power generation device that can output the specific voltage. For example, if the power storage system is DC24V, only the power generating equipment that outputs DC24V can be selected. That is to say, replacing the power generation equipment as a means of straining different voltage outputs, which makes the construction cost of the wind power generator extremely high, but the voltage transmission & and the application model are rated and limited, such a high-cost device will It makes the backend_regeneration energy expensive and not economical. [Invention] In view of the above analysis, I am equal to designing the wind turbine of this case, for the wind blade to take the wind, the strength of the windmill structure, the wind energy transfer, the rotor inertia, the torque, the starting wind speed, There are many inks in the voltage output and so on. a low wind speed starter-sub wind generator comprising: a windmill, a generator, a brush slip ring combination unit, and a _tail; the vehicle mainly includes an impeller and unit blades disposed around the impeller; The rotor of the generator is connected to the impeller, and receives the electric energy of the impeller 8 1326741 and the mechanical device 8 to generate electric energy; the carbon brush slip ring combination unit and the power transmission line of the generator output electric energy generated by the electric motor; the generator And the carbon brush slip ring combination unit is “located in the nacelle, and the 27-tailed wing is connected to the bottom of the collar with a connecting rod; the above-mentioned=疋11,.,., the outer circumference is provided with a thickness thinner than the impeller a joint edge of a thickness, the joint edge is provided for the upper portion; the end portion of the unit leaf 4_joining edge is provided with a joint groove, the joint edge is embedded in the joint shot, and the red joint element is the unit blade Fixing the joint edge; the sum of the impeller half and the unit length forming the radius of the sweeping area of the windmill. The diameter of the impeller is at least 4/4 of the length of the unit blade. By the leaves The large area windshield, and the wind is guided to each material to increase its starting performance; in addition, the design of the large impeller increases the sweeping area of the windmill at the same blade length, thus increasing the utilization of wind energy; The unit blades are formed in a wide plate shape by their aspect ratio and are disposed at the joint edge of the impeller at an average interval of five to six leaves; the generator is an inner rotor type and has a low rotor inertia and a low The characteristics of the torque converter; the above-mentioned wind turbine adopts high rated voltage output and adjusts the voltage with a back-end conversion system. The objectives and effects achieved in this case include: The wind turbine of this case belongs to the inner rotor type wind power generator. It can improve wind energy utilization and start in low wind speed wind environment. The windmill of this case has the function of improving stable operation. The generator of this case has the characteristics of low rotor inertia and low torque. The cost of using renewable energy can be reduced. 9 丄:)/0/4 丄 Detailed purpose and efficacy description will be described later. [Embodiment] The hardware equipment of this case is “introduction”, and then the characteristics and functions of the basic equipment are as follows: :- Hardware equipment as shown in the figure, the wind turbine in this case includes a windmill 2 〇, a generator, a mountain _ rabbit brush a sliding combination unit 70 40 and a tail 50. The windmill 2〇 mainly includes an impeller 2丨 and a unit blade 22 assembled on the impeller 21. The rotor 31 of the generator 3 is connected to the impeller 21 to receive the Electrical energy is generated by the mechanical energy transmitted by the impeller 21. The carbon brush slip ring group unit 40 is connected to the power transmission line 34 of the generator 30 to output the electric power generated by the generator 30. The generator 30 and the carbon brush are slippery. The ring combination unit 40 is disposed in the machine tool 32. The 5th tail wing 50 is connected and fixed to the bottom of the machine room 32 by a connecting rod 51. The tail piece is subjected to the wind force, and the wind wheel 20 and the above-mentioned nacelle 32 are turned to Can be effectively affected by the direction of the wind. The design of the empennage 50 described above causes the nacelle 32 and the windmill 20 to be a wind-rotating mechanism, which causes the power transmission line 34 of the generator to face the problem of entanglement, and is therefore solved by the carbon brush slip ring combination unit 40. The carbon brush 41 in the carbon brush slip ring combination unit 40 is connected to the power transmission line 34 of the generator 30. The copper ring 42 is pivoted over a fixed vehicle 43. The cough unit 32 is rotatable about the fixed shaft 43. The connector 44 is in a fixed relationship with the nacelle 32. As the carbon brush 41 rotating in the nacelle 32 contacts the fixed copper ring 42, the electric energy is transmitted to the copper ring 42, and the copper ring 42 is further connected to the power transmission line 45. The wire 45 penetrates into the fixed 1326641 shaft 43 and extends outwardly out of the nacelle 32. Thus, regardless of how the nacelle 32 rotates, the transmission wires 45 are unaffected and there is no entanglement problem. In the case of the windmill 2, the impeller 21 is a disc structure, and an outer peripheral edge is provided with a joint edge 23 which is thinner than the thickness of the disc, and the joint edge 23 is provided for the unit vanes 22 described above. The end of the unit blade 22 in combination with the joint edge 23 is provided with an engagement groove 24 into which the engagement edge 23 is fitted and which is fixed to the joint edge 23 by a plurality of fixing elements. Features and effects The wind turbine in this case belongs to the inner rotor type wind turbine. As shown in the wind power generator of the present invention, it is known that the rotor is a power generating structure that rotates inside the stator, and therefore the present invention belongs to an inner rotor type wind power generator. According to the J=1/4 GD2 relational analysis, it can be proved that the rotor of the rotor is 4, the rotor is small, and the rotor (4) is smaller, and the easier it is to start. Therefore, the (10) sub-type power generation_rotor diameter is smaller than the outer-rotation type rotor diameter. Therefore, the sub-type generator of (10) has the advantage of being easy to start. In the case of a few cars, the wind energy utilization rate can be broken, and the windmill in the low wind speed wind environment includes a disk-shaped impeller and six single blades: blades attached to the edge of the impeller. The radius of the circular area of the windmill is the radius of the impeller and the total length of the unit blade length. From the figure, the impeller radius and the unit blade length each occupy the radius of the sweeping circle area, and the sweeping area is determined by the impeller and the single A total of _, windmills and 5". Construction _ early, the amount of leprosy and the windmill is proportional to the area of the wind, 1326741 This case increases the sweep of the car by the surplus of the surplus (four), so you can increase the money can be, In this case, the unit of the windmill is 柘 柘 + ^ rate. The shirt-type, the area of each-single η enlarges into the wind-receiving area, so that the wind energy utilization rate of the windmill is increased. The unit blades are combined in the periphery of the impeller. In the multi-leaf type, the wide plate area is matched, so that the appropriate wind receiving distance of each unit blade is good, and the distance is good and the body flow is secret. Therefore, the force acts on the impeller material, and the loss from the lang lie is not The wind has increased the wind energy. ^ In the # wheel and the unit blade complement each other, the windmill in this case can greatly improve the utilization of wind energy, so the wind speed can be achieved with a low wind speed. The windmill of this case has the effect of stable operation - & "This case is based on the impeller half-turn 1 and the unit length of the total structure of the vehicle sweeping area. The private and above, and the ® face of the case, the impeller radius and the unit blade length each occupy the swept area. A considerable proportion of the radius. In other words, the impeller of the present case is a large-area structure with respect to the entire windmill, and the impeller constitutes the center of mass of the windmill, so that it has a stable center of gravity, when the windmill is rotated by the wind, The impeller exerts the function of stabilizing the center of gravity, so that the windmill can rotate stably. 'The situation of shaking is reduced, and the relative rotation of the yaw can be greatly reduced. Pressing,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Strong strength, which is not easily bent or shaken by the wind', so it can be stably cut. The windmill of this case has a stable center of gravity and a unit blade that stabilizes the wind, so it has the effect of stable operation. Although this case emphasizes a large area of the impeller, Impeller quality also has its necessity to avoid the excessive static mass of the impeller, but the situation of excessive inertia is difficult to start. Under the condition of the single-it blade, the impeller 12 丄 WO/41 with 4 quantities of 2kg, 13kg and ·g respectively _ start test, the impeller of i.31^ can get an expected low starting wind speed, yu The wind is higher than the lion's starting wind speed, and it is less than the low wind speed. The 10.8kg wind speed is 13kg larger than the 13kg. The static wind is not proportional to the starting wind speed. Therefore, in this experimental data, Good. The 1.3kg impeller shows that the generator has the characteristics of low rotor inertia and lateral moment.
本案採永磁發電機，而永磁風力發電機是否容易被啟動，除了風車 結構之外’發電_轉子慣量以及頓轉轉矩也是決定因素之一。 、關於轉子慣量，以J=1/4 GD2關係式分析〔G為轉子重量㈣，〇 為轉子直徑(m)〕，可證轉子直徑決定轉子慣量，相同重量的圓枝轉子， 轉子直仏愈小者’轉子慣量愈小，愈容肖啟動。本案設定發電機之轉子 直徑為32mm，磁鐵採3mm厚度，總長度99mm。依上述轉子慣量式推 導，可知本案發電機具有低轉子慣量之特性，發電機本身容易被起動 而低慣量轉子減輕風車之負載，使風車更易於受風起動。 關於頓轉轉矩，如先前技術一攔中所述，永磁發電機或電動機的轉 子有種沿著某一特定方向與定子對齊的趨勢，由此趨勢合產.— s王—種振 盪轉矩，稱為齒槽轉矩或頓轉轉矩（coggingtorgue)。對永磁電機而一 頓轉轉矩對風車旋轉的始動風速有直接的影響力，高頓轉轉矩之發電機 會有頓點’而產生低風速起轉不順的問題。以磁力線有對齊趨勢的觀 來看此一問題的解決方案，整數槽的結構容易產生轉子磁鐵和定子槽去 對齊的情況，即在某一特定角度，磁鐵和槽齒的感應產生最大的礤承 13 1326741 鏈’造成-穩態力平衡，因此在轉動時會發生頓轉。棄此，降低頓轉的 -方式之―，係可降低感應磁通鏈的落差，其手段可採用分數槽的方式， '減少磁鐵和槽齒的發生對正的機會’亦可刻意提高極數與槽數的最小公 • 倍數’例如8極9槽，以360度的空間角度除以磁極數與定子槽數的最 • +公倍數可得知8極9槽的週期為5度，頓轉的機械角度小，頓轉情形 獲得明顯改善。 本案發電機具低慣量轉子及低頓轉轉矩之特性，可減輕風車之負 • 載，使風車以及發電機具有容易起動之優勢。 本案屬於輕風起動型的風力發電機 ' · 叫進風能率之風車配合低轉子慣量、低_轉矩的發電機， ''使本案可以在低風速的風力環境下起動。因為英國Marlec公司的 Rutland 913型的起動風速在2.5m/s以下，本案的機型結構優於前者， 故預估起動風速約在2m/s以下，屬輕風起動。而習知低風力發電機的 鲁起動風速約在3〜4m/s左右，屬微風起動之風力發電機。由此可說明， 本案的起動風速已較習知低風力起動之風力發電機更低，因此設置風力 發電機的地點不再只限於風性良好的地區，地點選擇的自由度更高。 本案風力發電機可使後端利用再生能源的費用得以減低 本案風力發電機採三相80V以上的高額定電壓輸出，再經後端轉 換系統(變壓器、整流器)轉換為特定較低電壓之交流電或直流電。依照 P(功率)=1(電流)X V(電壓）之關係式可知，功率相同時，電壓越高，電 1326741 流越低；而線路的輸電容量與電壓平方成正比，假設電壓加倍，則輪電 容量增為原來的四倍。所以，對相同輸電容量而言，較高電壓僅需較小 電流，依照V(電壓）=1(電流)X R(電阻）關係式可知，當電阻固定，電 流降低，電纜線上產生的電壓降(電壓損失)也降低，依照P(發熱功率或 銅損）=I 2 (電流平方）X R(電阻)關係式可知，電流降低代表電力在 傳輸的過程中因為電纜線電阻所產生的發熱損失或銅損跟著降低。因此 本案風力發電機具有電壓降小、銅損小、熱損失小的輸電特性。 而高額定電壓輸出之風力發電機可以利用改換後端轉換系統(變壓 器、整流器）的手段做以應付後端的蓄電系統或供電消費系統之特定電 壓。簡單的說，一台風力發電機就可以配應不同的蓄電系統或供電消費 系統，差別僅在於後端轉換系統(變壓器、整流器）之改換，這個改換是 容易實施而且成本低廉的，所以，風力發電的建置成本得以大幅降低， 使後端利用再生能源的費用得以減低，符合經濟效益。 乡示合上述之硬體結構及功效特性之敘述，可知本案確已突破傳統型 式風力發電機之窠臼，而展現新穎的型態以及多重進步之功效，可證本 案確為一具有實用性之風力發電機構，雖然本案於圖式中是以一個最佳 實施例做說明，但精於此技藝者能在不脫離本索精神與範疇下做各種不同 形式的改變。社所舉實關僅㈣觸本案而已，_以限制本案之範 圍。舉凡不違本案精神所從事的種種修改或變化，俱屬本案申請專利範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為習知風力發電機之風車平面圖。 15 1326741 第二圖為本案風力發電機之外觀圖。 第三圖為本案風力發電機之側視圖。 第四圖為本案風車之立體分解圖。 第五圖為本案風車側視暨發電機内部配裝示意圖。 第六圖為本案仰視圖， 【主要元件符號說明】 表示風力發電機底部的樣態 20-風車 34-輸電導線 21-葉輪 40-碳刷滑環組合單元 22-單元葉片 41_碳刷 23-接合邊緣 42-銅環 24-接合槽 43-固定軸 25-固定元件 44-連接器 30-發電機 50-尾翼 31- 轉子 32- 機艙 51-連接桿 16In this case, the permanent magnet generator is used, and the permanent magnet wind generator is easy to be started. In addition to the windmill structure, the power generation_rotor inertia and the torque are also the decisive factors. Regarding the rotor inertia, J=1/4 GD2 relational analysis [G is the rotor weight (4), 〇 is the rotor diameter (m)], the rotor diameter can be determined to determine the rotor inertia, the same weight of the round rotor, the rotor straight healed The smaller the smaller the inertia of the rotor, the more it starts. In this case, the rotor diameter of the generator is set to 32mm, the magnet is 3mm thick, and the total length is 99mm. According to the above rotor inertia formula, it can be seen that the generator of the present invention has the characteristics of low rotor inertia, the generator itself is easily activated, and the low inertia rotor reduces the load of the windmill, making the windmill more susceptible to wind start. Regarding the torque, as described in the prior art, the rotor of the permanent magnet generator or the motor has a tendency to align with the stator along a certain direction, thereby trending the production. - s king - kind of oscillation The moment is called cogging torque or cogging torque. For a permanent magnet motor, the torque of a single rotation has a direct influence on the starting wind speed of the windmill rotation, and the generator of the high-torque torque has a defect, which causes a problem that the low wind speed is not smooth. The solution to this problem is based on the alignment trend of magnetic lines of force. The structure of the integer groove is prone to the misalignment of the rotor magnet and the stator slot, that is, the magnet and the groove teeth are induced to produce the largest bearing at a certain angle. 13 1326741 Chain 'causes' - steady-state force balance, so it will turn when turning. Abandoning this, reducing the mode of the turn-around, can reduce the drop of the induced flux linkage, the means can use the fractional slot method, 'reducing the chance of the magnet and the groove teeth appearing right' can also deliberately increase the number of poles The minimum common multiple of the number of slots, such as 8 poles and 9 slots, is divided by the maximum number of magnetic poles and the number of stator slots by a space angle of 360 degrees. The period of the 8 poles and 9 slots is 5 degrees. The mechanical angle is small, and the situation of the turn is obviously improved. The generator of this case has the characteristics of low inertia rotor and low torque, which can reduce the negative load of the windmill and make the windmill and generator have the advantage of easy starting. This case belongs to the light wind start type wind turbine'. The wind turbine with wind energy rate is matched with the low rotor inertia and low _ torque generator. ''This case can be started in low wind speed wind environment. Because the starting wind speed of the Rutland 913 of the British Marlec company is below 2.5m/s, the model structure of this case is better than the former, so the estimated starting wind speed is below 2m/s, which is a light wind start. However, the low wind speed of the conventional low wind turbine is about 3~4m/s, which is a wind turbine with a breeze start. It can be explained that the starting wind speed of the present case is lower than that of the conventional wind turbine with low wind start, so the place where the wind power generator is installed is no longer limited to the area with good wind performance, and the degree of freedom of location selection is higher. The wind turbine in this case can reduce the cost of using the renewable energy at the back end to reduce the high rated voltage output of the three-phase 80V above the wind turbine, and then convert it to a specific lower voltage AC through the back-end conversion system (transformer, rectifier) or DC power. According to the relationship between P (power) = 1 (current) XV (voltage), when the power is the same, the higher the voltage, the lower the current of 1326641; and the transmission capacity of the line is proportional to the square of the voltage, assuming that the voltage is doubled, then the wheel The capacity has increased fourfold. Therefore, for the same transmission capacity, the higher voltage requires only a small current. According to the relationship of V (voltage) = 1 (current) XR (resistance), when the resistance is fixed, the current is reduced, and the voltage drop generated on the cable ( The voltage loss is also reduced. According to the relationship between P (heating power or copper loss) = I 2 (current squared) XR (resistance), the current reduction represents the heat loss or copper generated by the cable resistance during the transmission. The damage is reduced. Therefore, the wind turbine of this case has the characteristics of small voltage drop, small copper loss and small heat loss. Wind turbines with high rated voltage output can be used to change the back-end conversion system (transformer, rectifier) to cope with the specific voltage of the back-end power storage system or power consumption system. Simply put, a wind turbine can be equipped with different power storage systems or power consumption systems. The only difference is the change of the back-end conversion system (transformer, rectifier). This change is easy to implement and low-cost, so the wind The cost of generating electricity is greatly reduced, and the cost of using renewable energy at the back end is reduced, which is economical. The description of the hardware structure and efficacy characteristics of the above-mentioned township shows that the case has indeed broken through the traditional type of wind turbines, and the novel type and the effect of multiple advancements can prove that the case is indeed a practical wind. Power generation mechanism, although this case is illustrated in the drawings as a preferred embodiment, it is true that those skilled in the art can make various forms of changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Only the (4) touches the case, _ to limit the scope of the case. All kinds of modifications or changes that are not in violation of the spirit of the case are the scope of patent application in this case. [Simple description of the diagram] The first figure is a plan view of a windmill of a conventional wind turbine. 15 1326741 The second picture shows the appearance of the wind turbine in this case. The third picture is a side view of the wind turbine of the case. The fourth picture is an exploded view of the windmill of this case. The fifth picture is a schematic diagram of the windmill side view and the internal assembly of the generator. Figure 6 is a bottom view of the case, [Description of the main components] Description of the bottom of the wind turbine 20 - Windmill 34 - Transmission line 21 - Impeller 40 - Carbon brush slip ring combination unit 22 - Unit blade 41_ Carbon brush 23 - Joint edge 42 - copper ring 24 - engagement groove 43 - fixed shaft 25 - fixing element 44 - connector 30 - generator 50 - tail 31 - rotor 32 - nacelle 51 - connecting rod 16