AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明疋有關於一種使用分集（diversity)的通訊接 收器，且特別是有關於一種分集結合（Diversity Combining)與再訓練（Re_training)之無線通訊接收器。 【先前技術】 在無線通系統中，分集接收（diversity recepti〇n ) 是增進接收器效能之一種有效技術。當這些分集支路 (diversity branch )所接收到訊號的統計相關性非常低 時，兩個或更多分集支路同時發生嚴重信號消失的可能性 將是相當微小的，分集接收即是利用此概念之技術。當分 集支路的數量增加時，結合器的輸出將變得更強健。此技 術尤其適合應用在移動式無線通訊環境中，該環境除了頻 率選擇性衰退（frequency-selective fading)之外，由於都 卜勒衰退（Doppler fading)的緣故，使得信號品質大幅降 低並隨時間而變化。 於貫作上，一般常應用空間分集（space diversity )， 即於接收器中配置二或多個天線（antennas )，以接收載 有相同資訊之信號。為了處理所接收之信號，選擇分集 (Selection Diversity )與分集結合（Diversity Combining ) 是被廣泛使用的方法。 在此假設共配置有N個分集（N為大於1之整數）。 圖1是說明選擇分集之方塊圖。請參照圖1，選擇分集是 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 藉由控制開關1G1之切換，而從天線102扣1()2·Ν中選擇 取佳信號。® 2是朗分缝合之方塊圖。請參照圖2， 刀集、〇疋利用結合器2〇1依照天線2〇2_1〜之信號 。口質’而將所有分集信號（分集w分集Ν)以不同權重 相結合。理論上，由於分餘合方法應賴有信號複本 signal replicas)所提供之胃m 集更可以制最佳效能。對於效能提升而言，每一個分集 支路的資訊都是有意義的。 ，而’由於不良的解調效能、不良的信號品質、或是 解調益之其他任何錯軸作，在實作上每—個分集支路的 七?虎。〇貝都有可能是無法令人滿意的。既然如此’這些無 效的信號複本無法提供任何資訊給接收者，甚至會破壞該 信號結合。因此，在應用分集結合之系統中，對於分集結 合之有效性而s，維持每一個分集源之品質是非常重要的。 美國專利公開號US2004253955專利案揭露一種無線 通《Λ裝置’其由一主射頻支路（primary mdio frequency branch)與一分集支路所組成。該習知技術藉由致能與禁 能此分集支路以平衡其效能與功率消耗。其利用一些判斷 準則來決定該分集支路是否應被致能以便增進效能。該習 知技術並沒有提及主射頻支路’且未慮及個別支路之有效 性。 美國專利公告號US6128355專利案揭露一種有選擇性 的分集結合系統。此系統選擇性地採用干擾抑制結合 (interference rejection combining, IRC )式與最大比例結合 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 (maximum ratio combining，MRC )式的分集結合法。依照 干擾檢測器的結果來決定是否選擇IRC以便在接收遭到高 度干擾的訊號時能增進訊號品質。然而每一分集支路訊號 的有效性並未被檢視，並且若訊號品質不良的原因並非出 於遭受干擾，則此方法便失去其效果。 美國專利公開號US2002090948專利案揭露—種選擇 分集支路之方法與系統。此習知技術從二個不同的分集來 估計各分集群的分集增益，以決定選擇兩分集群中之何 者。雖然有最佳分集效能之分集群可以被選擇，但每一個 刀集群之农大分集增盈是否達到並無法被確認。 美國專利公告號US5065411專利案揭露一種分集接收 系統。此習知技術使用訓練信號以估計每一個從傳送端至 天線之分集路徑通道特性，然後選擇其中一個分集支路來 進行解調變。此方法以只選擇一個分集支路而非結合，並 且未顧及訊號經天線後之解調變效能。 口AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a communication receiver using diversity, and in particular to a diversity combining and retraining ( Re_training) wireless communication receiver. [Prior Art] In the wireless communication system, diversity reception (diversity recepti〇n) is an effective technique for improving the performance of the receiver. When the statistical correlation of the signals received by these diversity branches is very low, the probability that two or more diversity branches will simultaneously have a serious signal disappearing will be quite small, and diversity reception utilizes this concept. Technology. As the number of diversity branches increases, the output of the combiner becomes more robust. This technology is especially suitable for use in mobile wireless communication environments that, in addition to frequency-selective fading, greatly reduce signal quality and over time due to Doppler fading. Variety. In general, space diversity is often applied, that is, two or more antennas are configured in the receiver to receive signals carrying the same information. In order to process the received signals, Selection Diversity and Diversity Combining are widely used methods. It is assumed here that there are a total of N diversity configurations (N is an integer greater than one). Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the selection of diversity. Referring to FIG. 1, the selection diversity is AFA006 17915twf.doc/006. By controlling the switching of the switch 1G1, the best signal is selected from the antenna 102 buckle 1 () 2 · 。. ® 2 is a block diagram of the stitching. Referring to FIG. 2, the knife set and the cymbal use the combiner 2〇1 according to the signal of the antenna 2〇2_1~. Mouth' and all diversity signals (diversity w diversity Ν) are combined with different weights. In theory, because the method of splitting and combining should rely on the signal replicas provided by the signal replicas), the optimal performance can be achieved. For performance improvement, the information for each diversity branch is meaningful. And, due to poor demodulation performance, poor signal quality, or any other misalignment of demodulation benefits, the implementation of each of the diversity branches of the seven tigers. Mussels may all be unsatisfactory. In this case, the ineffective copy of the signal does not provide any information to the recipient, and even destroys the signal combination. Therefore, in systems where diversity combining is applied, it is important to maintain the quality of each diversity source for the effectiveness of diversity combining. U.S. Patent Publication No. US2004253955 discloses a wireless communication device comprising a primary mdio frequency branch and a diversity branch. This prior art balances its performance and power consumption by enabling and disabling this diversity branch. It uses some criteria to determine whether the diversity branch should be enabled to improve performance. This prior art does not mention the primary RF branch' and does not take into account the effectiveness of individual branches. U.S. Patent Publication No. 6,128,355 discloses a selective diversity combining system. This system selectively employs a diversity combining method of interference rejection combining (IRC) and maximum ratio 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 (maximum ratio combining, MRC). It is determined according to the result of the interference detector whether or not the IRC is selected to improve the signal quality when receiving a signal that is highly interfered. However, the validity of each diversity branch signal is not checked, and if the cause of poor signal quality is not due to interference, the method loses its effect. U.S. Patent Publication No. US2002090948 discloses a method and system for selecting a diversity branch. This prior art estimates the diversity gain of each cluster from two different diversity to determine which of the two clusters to choose. Although the clusters with the best diversity performance can be selected, the increase in the agribusiness diversity of each knife cluster is not confirmed. U.S. Patent Publication No. 5,056,411 discloses a diversity receiving system. This prior art technique uses training signals to estimate each of the diversity path channel characteristics from the transmitting end to the antenna, and then selects one of the diversity branches for demodulation. This method selects only one diversity branch instead of combining, and does not take into account the demodulation performance of the signal after passing through the antenna. mouth
【發明内容】 本發明的目的就是提供-種應用分集結合 Combining)之麟通訊接收器，其以分散式機制 大分集增益（di而ity gain)。因此，本發明 集支路（diversity branch)之間複雜的資訊交換 : ，央集權式的控制與監督。各分集切本身之不良二 號可快速地被恢復，而不會中斷結合器的輸出。 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 本發明的再一目的是提供一種應用選擇分集 (Selection Diversity)之無線通訊接收器，其不需要各分 集支路之間複雜的資訊交換，亦不需中央控制與監督。因 此’各分集支路本身之不良品質訊號可快速地被恢復，以 提供分集輸出選擇，而不會中斷選擇器的輸出。 好人又Γ目的是提供—種無線通訊接收器之分集 二了二方法’其以分散式_來維持最大分集增 檢測社果而：^路能夠自我檢測分集信號品質’並依據 央集權資訊交換，亦不需中 訊號可快速地被恢復 t刀集支路本身之不良品質 基於上述及匕不會中斷結合器的輸出。 上攻及其他目的，本發明接 器。該無線通訊接收器包 種‘，、、線通訊接收 分集各自包括—°夕個/刀集以及一結合器。每一 元。解調單元電性遠 解5周早兀以及一再訓練決定單 信號進行解調變，解調單元將天線所接收之 連接至解調單元^刀集㈣。再訓練决定單元電性 而決定是否控制解。依調單元所輸出之分集信號， 結合各分集之解調單元^^重新調整解調參數。結合器 集信號。 剧出之分集信號，以輸出最終分 本發明提出另 以及-選擇器。每收器，其包括多個分集 及-再訓練決定單解線、-解調單元以 解調早兀電性連接至天線。解調單 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 元將天線所接收之信號進行解調變 訓練決定單元電性連接至解調單元。再 輸出之分集信號，而決定是否控制解二，广所 解調參數。選擇器選擇各分集周整 作為最終分集信號。 …·看，本發明提出一種盔線通訊接# 夕 分集結合與再辑方法。其巾”，、_收益之 隹姑八隹無線通訊接收器包含多個分 集各自解雛所魏之仲^步驟。百先母一分 心丄^ 虎並各自獲得分集信號；每一分 ，各自依據其本身解調後之分集信號之品質，而各自決定 疋否自我錄難解調參數；結合 號，以輸出最終分集信號。 平靴代刀紅 本發明因分散式機制來維持最大分集增益，因此本發 明^分集支路之間不需要複雜㈣訊交換，亦不需中央集 權，、的控制與砂。每—個分集支路可以自我監測信號品 貝並適時地進仃再訓練’不良品質之訊號即可及快速地被 恢復，而不會中斷結合器的輸出。 ^為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵和優點能更明顯 易懂’下文特舉較佳實施例，她合所_式，作詳細說 明如下。 【實施方式】 在一般應用分集接收之通訊接收器中，皆透過多個分 集支路（diversity branch)來接收信號。於習知技術中， AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 控制分集結合之直接方法便是在結合器以後之下級電路監 督ασ貝或效能。當結合器所輸出最終分集信號之品質無法 令後端處理所接受時，則整個無線通訊接收器將被強制進 行一次再訓練（包括使每個解調單元重新調整其解調參 數）。當整個無線通訊接收器進行再訓練期間，無線通訊 接收器將暫時無法提供正常功能。無論如何，由於所有分 集支路都同時被強迫進行再訓練，而不管是否仍有分集支 路可繼續提供良好品質之信號，使得此習知技術顯得較無 效率。非必要之再訓練將會浪費功率。再者，由於不良的 通道品質、錯誤的參數判斷、演算法的差異、傳輸參數的 改變等等，部分分集支路之信號品質可能被錯誤地結合。 習知技術根本無法察覺這些狀況。 為了使刀集結合增益（diversity combining gain )最大 化’母一個分集支路應該具有可比較之信號雜訊比，並且 彼此之間的接收運作應儘可能地不相關聯。在不良的通道 品質、錯誤的參數判斷、演算法的發散、傳輸參數的改變 等等情況下’而使部分分集支路之信號品質變得不能被接 又。本發明以分散式機制來維持最大分集增益，因此本發 明各分集支路之間不需要複雜的資訊交換，亦不需中央集 權式的控制與監督。每一個分集支路可以自我監測信號品 質並適時地進行再訓練，各分集支路本身之不良品質訊號 可快速地被恢復，而不會中斷結合器的輸出。 圖3是依照本發明實施例說明一種無線通訊接收器 300之方塊圖。請參照圖3 ’於本實施例中每一個分集支路 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 310-1〜310-N之貫施手段可以相同。以下將以分集支路 310-1為例，以便說明其實施方式。分集支路31〇1包括天 線31卜解調單元312與再訓練決定單元（代加比dedsi〇n maker) 313。在此，僅以解調單元312代表類比前端處理 (analog front end processing )、同步化（synchr〇nizati〇n )、 解調變（demodulation)等等各種必要的實施手段。解調 單元312將天線311所接收之信號進行解調變，以輸出分 集信號給結合器320。結合器320依照適當的準則，例如 已被廣泛採用之最大比例結合（maximum rati〇 c〇mbining, MRC)權重，而以不同權重結合分集支路31〇_1〜31〇·ν 所輸出之分集信號。通常，結合器320是依照每一分集支 路之信號品質來決定對應之權重。結合器32〇所輸出最終 分集信號將提供給後端處理330。 再訓練決定單元313電性連接至解調單元312。再訓 練決定單元313依據解調單元312所輸出之分集信號 314,而決定是否藉由信號315以控制解調單元312使其重 新s周整解调參數（即進行再訓練）。以下將以DVB-T接 收器（其為OFDM系統）為實施例，說明再訓練決定單元 之實施方式。 圖4是依照本發明說明一種再訓練決定單元313之實 施範例。凊參照圖4，於本實施例中，再訓練決定單元313 包括連續導向訊號錯誤檢知器 (Continual-Pilot_Error-Detector，CPED)410 以及雙門權決 定器（Double-Threshold-Decision- Maker, DTDM ) 420。導 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/〇〇6 向6fl號的檢測可在頻域中（frequenCy d〇main )操作，亦即 以决速傅利葉轉換（Fast Fourier Transform, FFT)將作號 自時域（time domain )轉換至頻域。以導向訊號錯誤率（pn〇t error rate)作為解調單元之信號品質指標。連續導向訊號 錯誤檢知器410對分集信號314進行導向訊號檢測（pii〇t detection)，亦即檢測連續導向之錯誤，以輸出檢測結果。 雙門植決定器420統計連續導向訊號錯誤檢知器 之檢測結果’而決定是否控制對應之解調單元312使其重 新調整解調參數。雙門檻決定器420包括第一計數器42卜 第二計數器423、控制電路422以及比較器424。第一計數 器421计數連續導向訊號錯誤檢知器41〇所輸出檢測結果 (即分集信號314之導向訊號錯誤次數）。因為Dvb_t 糸統在固定的子載波頻率(fixed tones)中以經過提升的功 率(boosted power)來傳送連續導向（cont；inuai pii〇ts)，因 此導向訊號錯誤率可以可靠地被利用來指出解調單元312 的訊號輸出是否不良。控制電路422比較第一計數器421 之計數結果與第一門檻值TH一A，並依據比較結果而決定 是否輸出重置訊號RST與事件訊號425。若在一個符號 (symbol)中’第一計數器421計數之錯誤次數到達第一 門檻值TH一A，則控制電路422輸出事件訊號425給第二 計數器423，反之則輸出重置訊號RST。 第二計數器423統計事件訊號425之發生次數而輪出 統計結果，直到控制電路422輸出重置訊號RST而重置其 統計結果。比較器比較第二計數器423之統計結果與第二 12 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.d〇c/〇〇6 據比較結果而決定是否控制級^ ^早 使八重新調整解調參數。當第二計數芎423 1 統計結果達到第二門播值TH R R士田弟彳数益423之 •m lv㈣初……值H— ^，比較器藉由輸出信號 5周早疋312使其自我重新調整觸參數（即 :以根據系統特性及訊號特徵而隨之調整 過程可以防止分集支路因為僅發生極短時間 之t唬衣退，而進行非必要之再訓練。 7上述實關巾，仙針對使帛錢結合㈣訊接收 ^出分散式控制和再訓練機制。每個分集支路的品質被 为別監控’並且每個支路可以自我再訓練而不需相互作用 或與其他支路交換訊息。每個分集支路的動作並不會中斷 結合器之輸出，並且每個支路自動從異常中恢復。因此， 可以維持最大的分集結合增益。 圖5是依照本發明實施例說明另一種採用選擇分集 (Selection Diversity)之無線通訊接收器方塊圖。請參照 圖5，無線通訊接收器5〇〇相似於前述實施例中無線通訊 接收器300，因此不再贅述相同之部分，其中 於，擇器52曝連接至分集支路51〇、_=:處； 擇益520依據分集支路510-1〜510-N所輸出分集信號之孓 質，而選擇其中一個分集信號，並將所選擇之分集信號輸 出作為最終分集信號。 〃》〜別 圖6A是說明習知技術控制分集之過程。圖6b是依照 本發明實施例說明控制分集之過程。請同時參照圖6A與 13 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an application diversity combining Combining) communication receiver with a large diversity gain (di and ity gain). Therefore, the present invention combines the complicated information exchange between the diversity branches: the centralized control and supervision. The bad number 2 of each diversity cut can be quickly recovered without interrupting the output of the combiner. AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 A further object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication receiver employing Selection Diversity that does not require complex information exchange between the various branch branches and does not require central control and supervision. Therefore, the poor quality signals of each of the diversity branches themselves can be quickly recovered to provide a diversity output selection without interrupting the output of the selector. The good guys are also interested in providing a kind of diversity of wireless communication receivers. The method of maintaining the maximum diversity and increasing the detection results by means of decentralized _: the road can self-detect the quality of the diversity signal and exchange information according to the centralized information. There is no need for the medium signal to be quickly recovered. The poor quality of the t-segment branch itself is based on the above and does not interrupt the output of the combiner. For the purpose of attack and other purposes, the connector of the present invention. The wireless communication receiver includes ‘,, and line communication reception diversity, respectively, including a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Every dollar. The demodulation unit is electrically remotely resolved for 5 weeks and the training decision signal is demodulated, and the demodulation unit connects the antenna to the demodulation unit (4). The retraining determines the electrical properties of the unit and determines whether to control the solution. The demodulation parameters are re-adjusted according to the diversity signal output by the modulation unit and the demodulation unit of each diversity. Combiner sets the signal. The divergent signal is shown in the final output of the present invention and the selector is proposed. Each receiver includes a plurality of diversity and - retraining decision single solution lines, and a demodulation unit to demodulate the electrical connection to the antenna. The demodulation single AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 element demodulates the signal received by the antenna. The training decision unit is electrically connected to the demodulation unit. The diversity signal is then output, and it is decided whether to control the solution 2 and the demodulation parameters. The selector selects each subset as the final diversity signal. .... See, the present invention proposes a helmet line communication connection method and a diversity combining method. The towel "," _ income of the 隹 隹 隹 隹 wireless communication receiver contains multiple diversity of each of the two sets of the solution of the Wei Zhizhong ^ step. Hundreds of mothers a heart 丄 ^ Tiger and each get a diversity signal; each point, each according to its The quality of the diversity signal after demodulation itself, and each determines whether or not the self-recording demodulation parameter is combined; the combination number is used to output the final diversity signal. The present invention maintains the maximum diversity gain due to the decentralized mechanism, and thus the present invention ^ There is no need for complicated (four) communication exchange between the diversity branches, and there is no need for centralized control, control and sand. Each of the diversity branches can self-monitor the signal and timely train and retrain the 'bad quality signal. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and obvious <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; A detailed description will be given below. [Embodiment] In a communication receiver for general application diversity reception, signals are received through a plurality of diversity branches. In the prior art, AFA 006 17915twf.doc/006 The direct method of controlling the combination of diversity is to supervise the ασ shell or performance after the combiner. When the quality of the final diversity signal output by the combiner cannot be accepted by the back-end processing, then the entire wireless communication The receiver will be forced to perform a retraining (including having each demodulation unit re-adjust its demodulation parameters). During the retraining of the entire wireless communication receiver, the wireless communication receiver will temporarily be unable to provide normal functionality. In any case, Since all diversity branches are forced to retrain at the same time, regardless of whether or not the diversity branch can continue to provide good quality signals, this technique is less efficient. Non-essential retraining will waste power. The signal quality of some diversity branches may be incorrectly combined due to poor channel quality, incorrect parameter judgment, algorithm differences, transmission parameters, etc. Conventional techniques cannot detect these conditions at all. Set diversity gain to maximize 'mother one diversity branch should have There are comparable signal-to-noise ratios, and the reception operations between each other should be as uncorrelated as possible. In the case of poor channel quality, incorrect parameter determination, algorithm divergence, transmission parameter changes, etc. The signal quality of the partial diversity branch cannot be connected. The present invention maintains the maximum diversity gain by a decentralized mechanism, so that no complicated information exchange is required between the diversity branches of the present invention, and no centralized operation is required. Control and supervision. Each diversity branch can self-monitor signal quality and retrain in a timely manner, and the bad quality signals of each diversity branch itself can be quickly recovered without interrupting the output of the combiner. Figure 3 is in accordance with this DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A block diagram of a wireless communication receiver 300 is illustrated. Referring to Figure 3, the means for each of the diversity branches AFA006 17915 twf.doc/006 310-1 to 310-N may be the same in this embodiment. The diversity branch 310-1 will be exemplified below to illustrate its implementation. The diversity branch 31〇1 includes an antenna 31 demodulation unit 312 and a retraining decision unit (degasby dedsi〇n maker) 313. Here, only the demodulation unit 312 represents various necessary implementation means such as analog front end processing, synchronization (synchr〇nizati〇n), demodulation, and the like. The demodulation unit 312 demodulates the signal received by the antenna 311 to output a diversity signal to the combiner 320. The combiner 320 combines the diversity outputs of the diversity branches 31〇_1~31〇·ν with different weights according to appropriate criteria, such as the maximum ratio of maximum rati〇c〇mbining (MRC) weights that have been widely used. signal. Typically, combiner 320 determines the corresponding weight in accordance with the signal quality of each diversity branch. The final diversity signal output by combiner 32 will be provided to backend processing 330. The retraining decision unit 313 is electrically connected to the demodulation unit 312. The retraining decision unit 313 determines whether or not the demodulation unit 312 is caused to re-demodulate the demodulation parameters (i.e., perform retraining) by the signal 315 according to the diversity signal 314 output by the demodulation unit 312. An embodiment of the retraining decision unit will be described below with a DVB-T receiver (which is an OFDM system) as an embodiment. Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of a retraining decision unit 313 in accordance with the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the retraining decision unit 313 includes a Continuous-Pilot_Error-Detector (CPED) 410 and a Double-Threshold-Decision- Maker (DTDM). ) 420. 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/〇〇6 The detection of the 6fl number can be operated in the frequency domain (frequenCy d〇main), that is, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) will be used to time the time domain (time) Domain ) is converted to the frequency domain. The signal error rate (pn〇t error rate) is used as the signal quality indicator of the demodulation unit. The continuous steering signal error detector 410 performs pilot signal detection (pii〇t detection) on the diversity signal 314, that is, detects a continuous steering error to output a detection result. The two-door determinator 420 counts the detection result of the continuous steering signal error detector' to determine whether or not to control the corresponding demodulation unit 312 to re-adjust the demodulation parameters. The dual threshold determiner 420 includes a first counter 42 a second counter 423, a control circuit 422, and a comparator 424. The first counter 421 counts the detection result output by the continuous steering signal error detector 41 (i.e., the number of pilot signal errors of the diversity signal 314). Since the Dvb_t system transmits continuous steering (cont; inuai pii〇ts) with a boosted power in a fixed subcarrier frequency (fixed tones), the steering signal error rate can be reliably utilized to indicate the solution. Whether the signal output of the adjustment unit 312 is bad. The control circuit 422 compares the count result of the first counter 421 with the first threshold TH_A, and determines whether to output the reset signal RST and the event signal 425 according to the comparison result. If the number of errors counted by the first counter 421 in a symbol reaches the first threshold TH_A, the control circuit 422 outputs the event signal 425 to the second counter 423, and otherwise outputs the reset signal RST. The second counter 423 counts the number of occurrences of the event signal 425 and rotates the statistical result until the control circuit 422 outputs the reset signal RST to reset its statistical result. The comparator compares the statistical result of the second counter 423 with the result of the comparison of the second 12 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.d〇c/〇〇6 to determine whether the control stage is re-adjusting the demodulation parameter by eight. When the second count 芎 423 1 statistic result reaches the second homing value TH RR 士田弟彳数益423; m lv (four) initial ... value H - ^, the comparator by the output signal 5 weeks early 疋 312 to self Re-adjust the touch parameters (ie, the process of adjusting according to the system characteristics and signal characteristics can prevent the diversity branch from being re-trained because of only a very short time.) In order to combine the money (four), the distributed control and retraining mechanism is adopted. The quality of each diversity branch is monitored separately and each branch can be self-retrained without interaction or other branches. The messages are exchanged. The action of each diversity branch does not interrupt the output of the combiner, and each branch automatically recovers from the anomaly. Therefore, the maximum diversity combining gain can be maintained. Figure 5 is an illustration of another embodiment in accordance with the present invention. A block diagram of a wireless communication receiver using Selection Diversity. Referring to FIG. 5, the wireless communication receiver 5 is similar to the wireless communication receiver 300 in the foregoing embodiment, and therefore will not be described again. In the same part, wherein the selector 52 is connected to the diversity branch 51〇, _=:; the selection benefit 520 is based on the quality of the diversity signal output by the diversity branches 510-1~510-N, and one of them is selected. The signal is diversity, and the selected diversity signal is output as a final diversity signal. 〃 ” ” ” FIG. 6A is a process for explaining control diversity of the prior art. FIG. 6b is a process for controlling control diversity according to an embodiment of the present invention. 6A and 13 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006
圖6B ’假設習知之分集支路A與B任何—個均可以提供 足夠的信號品質，以滿足結合器C輸出之需求。在相同么条 件下’假設本發明實施例之分集支路D與E任何—個;^ 可提供足夠的信號品質’而滿足結合器F輸出之需求了考 量分集支路A之天線與分集支路D之天線被意外二拔= 狀況。通常，由於輸入訊號太過微弱，使得分集支路A(八 集支路D)之操作將告失敗。然而，結合器c與結合器ρ 依然可以輸出最終分集信號而不受影響。 ° 若圖6A之無線通訊接收器是在結合器c之後端進 整體品質監測，當再-次絲分集支路A之天線時，由於 分集支路A並未重新調整解調參數（即進行再訓練），導 致分集支路A依然無法輸出有效信號。當此時分集支路B 之天線被拔除（或分集支路B所接收到的訊號突然不佳或 J集，路B内部發生運作錯誤）時，結合器c之輸出將變 得不能接受而導雜收錯誤（_ptiQnem)〇。此時習知Figure 6B' assumes that any of the diversity branches A and B can provide sufficient signal quality to meet the needs of the combiner C output. Under the same conditions, 'assuming that any of the diversity branches D and E of the embodiment of the present invention can provide sufficient signal quality' and meet the requirements of the output of the combiner F, the antenna and diversity branch of the diversity branch A are considered. The antenna of D is accidentally pulled out = condition. Usually, the operation of the diversity branch A (eight-set branch D) will fail because the input signal is too weak. However, combiner c and combiner ρ can still output the final diversity signal without being affected. ° If the wireless communication receiver of Figure 6A is connected to the overall quality monitoring after the combiner c, when the antenna of the re-sub-wire diversity branch A is used, the diversity branch A does not re-adjust the demodulation parameters (ie, re-adjust Training), causing the diversity branch A still unable to output a valid signal. When the antenna of the diversity branch B is removed at this time (or the signal received by the diversity branch B is suddenly poor or J-set, and the operation error occurs inside the road B), the output of the combiner c becomes unacceptable. Miscellaneous errors (_ptiQnem)〇. At this time
1術^無線通訊接收器必須進行至少一次整體再訓練，直 ㈤分集支路能夠輸出有效之分集信號。當整個無 收H進行再訓練細，無線通訊接收器將暫時無 法輸出有效訊號。 圖6B ’圖中無線通訊接收器是在每一個分集支 ^^内。P進行品質監測，並依據自我監測結果而局部 °在分集纽D之天線被拔除後，分集支路D 復給婦解調參數（即進行再訓練），以便嘗試恢 3效之分集信號。當分集支路D之天線被安裝妥當 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.d〇c/006 t s分集支路D即可立即完成訓練。在此時，圖6B中益 線通訊接收器之分集增益亦隨之恢 :； 時分集支路D或分集支二錯 ί r集支路本身亦會很快地進行自我㈣ “集支路E之天線被拔除（或分集支路E所接收到 的訊琥突然不佳或分集支路E發生運作錯 沾入ασ =出之品質仍然維持在可接受之狀態::二^^1 The wireless communication receiver must perform at least one overall retraining, and the straight (five) diversity branch can output an effective diversity signal. When the entire unreceived H is retrained, the wireless communication receiver will temporarily be unable to output a valid signal. The wireless communication receiver in Figure 6B' is shown in each diversity branch. P performs quality monitoring, and based on the self-monitoring result, after the antenna of the diversity button D is removed, the diversity branch D is re-submitted to the demodulation parameters (ie, retraining) in order to try to recover the three-differentiated signal. When the antenna of the diversity branch D is installed properly, the training can be completed immediately by the 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.d〇c/006 t s diversity branch D. At this time, the diversity gain of the benefit line communication receiver in Fig. 6B also recovers:; the time diversity branch D or the diversity branch 2 ί r set branch itself will also quickly self (4) "set branch E The antenna is removed (or the signal received by the diversity branch E is suddenly poor or the branch branch E is operating incorrectly. The quality is still in an acceptable state:: 2^^
"综上所述，本發明因分散式機制來維持最大分集辦 盈’使每-個分集支路可以自我監測信號品質並適時地^ 二再訓練，而使得分集支路之間不需要複雜的資訊交換， 乂不需中央集權式的控制與監督。因此，本發明之每—個 /刀集支路可讀不&品質之訊號快速地被紐，而不合中 斷結合器的輸出。 "In summary, the present invention maintains the maximum diversity by the decentralized mechanism, so that each of the diversity branches can self-monitor the signal quality and timely re-train, so that the diversity branches do not need to be complicated. The exchange of information does not require centralized control and supervision. Therefore, the signal of each of the / knife set branches of the present invention can be quickly detected without the output of the interrupt combiner. "
—雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以 限^本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神 ^範圍内，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護 範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是說明選擇分集之方塊圖。 圖2是說明分集結合之方塊圖。 圖3是依照本發明實施例說明一種無線通訊接收器 方塊圖。 ° 15 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 圖4是依照本發明說明一種再訓練決定單元之實施範 例。 圖5是依照本發明實施例說明另一種採用選擇八 無線通訊接收方塊圖。 , 圖6A是說明習知技術控制分集之過程。 圖6B是依照本發明實施例說明控制分集之過程。 【主要元件符號說明】 102-1 〜102-N、202-1 〜202-N、311 :天線 101 :控制開關 201、320、c、F :結合器 300、500 :無線通訊接收器 310-1 〜310_N、510-1 〜510-N、A、B、D、E :分集支 路 312 :解調單元 313 .再訓練決定单元（retrain decision maker ) 314 :分集信號 330 :後端處理 410·連續導向訊號錯誤檢知器（c〇ntinual-Pilot>Error-Detector, CPED ) 420 ·雙門檻決定器（Double-Threshold-Decision-Maker, DTDM) 421 :第一計數器 422 :控制電路 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 423 :第二計數器 424 :比較器 425 :事件訊號 RST :重置訊號 520 :選擇器 TH_A :第一門檻值 ΤΗ B :第二門檻值The present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, and it is not intended to limit the invention, and it is possible to make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing selection diversity. Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating the combination of diversity. 3 is a block diagram showing a wireless communication receiver in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. ° 15 1325245 AFA006 17915twf.doc/006 Figure 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a retraining decision unit in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing another use of the selective eight wireless communication receiving according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6A is a diagram illustrating the process of controlling the diversity of the prior art. Figure 6B is a diagram illustrating the process of controlling diversity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] 102-1 to 102-N, 202-1 to 202-N, 311: Antenna 101: Control switches 201, 320, c, F: combiner 300, 500: wireless communication receiver 310-1 ~310_N, 510-1~510-N, A, B, D, E: diversity branch 312: demodulation unit 313. retrain decision maker 314: diversity signal 330: backend processing 410·continuous 〇 in in in 420 420 420 420 Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 422 /006 423: second counter 424: comparator 425: event signal RST: reset signal 520: selector TH_A: first threshold ΤΗ B: second threshold
A、 17A, 17