JP5078931B2 - Radio apparatus and radio wave arrival direction estimation method - Google Patents

Radio apparatus and radio wave arrival direction estimation method Download PDF

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JP5078931B2
JP5078931B2 JP2009066757A JP2009066757A JP5078931B2 JP 5078931 B2 JP5078931 B2 JP 5078931B2 JP 2009066757 A JP2009066757 A JP 2009066757A JP 2009066757 A JP2009066757 A JP 2009066757A JP 5078931 B2 JP5078931 B2 JP 5078931B2
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antenna group
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誓治 大森
大誠 内田
隆史 藤田
洋輔 藤野
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Description

本発明は、複数の受信アンテナを用いて電波到来方向を推定する無線装置、及び電波到来方向推定方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a radio apparatus that estimates a radio wave arrival direction using a plurality of receiving antennas, and a radio wave arrival direction estimation method.

図６は、従来技術による無線基地局装置の構成を示すブロック図である。従来技術による電波到来方向推定方法では、電波到来方向の推定方法として、複数の受信アンテナ＃１〜＃Ｎを装備し、到来方向推定部１０により、各受信アンテナ＃１〜＃Ｎの受信信号ｒ＃１〜ｒ＃Ｎの位相差を用いて受信信号の到来方向を推定する（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。 FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a radio base station apparatus according to the prior art. In the radio wave arrival direction estimation method according to the prior art, as a radio wave arrival direction estimation method, a plurality of reception antennas # 1 to #N are provided, and the arrival direction estimation unit 10 receives reception signals r of the reception antennas # 1 to #N. The arrival direction of the received signal is estimated using the phase difference of # 1 to r #N (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

具体的には、到来電波を平面波近似して、送信源から各受信アンテナ＃１〜＃Ｎまでの経路差が電波到来方向に依存することを利用し、各受信アンテナの受信信号の位相差を算出し、該位相差を上記経路差に換算することによって電波到来方向を推定している。   Specifically, the incoming radio wave is approximated by a plane wave, and the phase difference of the received signal of each receiving antenna is calculated using the fact that the path difference from the transmission source to each receiving antenna # 1 to #N depends on the radio wave arrival direction. The radio wave arrival direction is estimated by calculating and converting the phase difference into the path difference.

R. O. Schmidet, “Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation”, IEEE Trans, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-34, No.3, pp276-280, Mar. 1986.R. O. Schmidet, “Multiple Emitter Location and Signal Parameter Estimation”, IEEE Trans, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-34, No. 3, pp276-280, Mar. 1986.

しかしながら、上述した従来技術では、フェージング環境下において、特に各マルチパス波が互いに逆位相で合成され、電力が低下するような環境では、各マルチパス波の位相関係がわずかに変化しても、その合成波の位相が大きく変化する。   However, in the above-described prior art, even in a fading environment, particularly in an environment where the multipath waves are combined in opposite phases and the power is reduced, even if the phase relationship of each multipath wave slightly changes, The phase of the synthesized wave changes greatly.

したがって、そのような環境下では、受信位置がわずかに変化しても、各受信信号の位相差が大きく変動するために、各受信アンテナを到来方向推定で一般的に用いられる電波半波長間隔程度離した場合でも、各受信アンテナの位相差が経路差を正しく反映できなくなり、電波の到来方向の推定精度が劣化するという問題がある。本現象は、受信機に印加される雑音には無関係であるため、送信局の送信信号電力向上や、推定時に用いる信号長の拡張などにより、ＣＮＲ（Carrier vs. Noise Ratio）を向上させても改善できないという問題がある。   Therefore, in such an environment, even if the reception position changes slightly, the phase difference of each received signal varies greatly. Even when they are separated, there is a problem that the phase difference between the receiving antennas cannot correctly reflect the path difference, and the accuracy of estimating the direction of arrival of radio waves is degraded. Since this phenomenon is not related to the noise applied to the receiver, even if the CNR (Carrier vs. Noise Ratio) is improved by improving the transmission signal power of the transmitting station or extending the signal length used for estimation. There is a problem that cannot be improved.

本発明は、このような事情を考慮してなされたものであり、その目的は、時間経過とともにフェージングの状況が変わった場合でも、到来方向の推定精度を向上させることができる無線装置、及び電波到来方向推定方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to provide a radio apparatus and radio waves that can improve the accuracy of estimating the direction of arrival even when the fading situation changes over time. It is to provide an arrival direction estimation method.

本発明は、複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する無線装置において、２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群と、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出する電力算出手段と、前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択する受信アンテナ群選択手段と、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出する電波到来方向推定手段とを具備し、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段は、前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の平均受信電力を算出し、該平均受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群を選択することを特徴とする無線装置である。 The present invention relates to a wireless device that estimates the arrival direction of a radio wave from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas. The wireless device includes two or more reception antenna elements and is arranged at different locations. Two or more receiving antenna groups, power calculating means for calculating the received power of each of the two or more receiving antenna groups, and each received power calculated by the power calculating means, at regular intervals. A reception antenna group selection means for sequentially selecting one reception antenna group from the two or more reception antenna groups, and a reception signal of only the reception antenna group that is sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection means at regular intervals. Te, comprising a radio wave arrival direction estimating means for calculating the direction of arrival of radio waves from the transmission source, the reception antenna group selection means calculated by said power calculating means Calculates the average received power of the receiving antenna for each group of a predetermined time interval from each of received power, the average received power is a wireless device and selects a receiving antenna group becomes maximum.

本発明は、複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する無線装置において、２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群と、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出する電力算出手段と、前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択する受信アンテナ群選択手段と、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出する電波到来方向推定手段とを具備し、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段は、前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の最大受信電力、または最小受信電力を算出し、前記最大受信電力、または前記最小受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群を選択することを特徴とする無線装置である。 The present invention relates to a wireless device that estimates the arrival direction of a radio wave from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas. The wireless device includes two or more reception antenna elements and is arranged at different locations. Two or more receiving antenna groups, power calculating means for calculating the received power of each of the two or more receiving antenna groups, and each received power calculated by the power calculating means, at regular intervals. A reception antenna group selection means for sequentially selecting one reception antenna group from the two or more reception antenna groups, and a reception signal of only the reception antenna group that is sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection means at regular intervals. Te, comprising a radio wave arrival direction estimating means for calculating the direction of arrival of radio waves from the transmission source, the reception antenna group selection means calculated by said power calculating means Maximum received power per receive antenna group every predetermined time interval from each of received power or to calculate the minimum received power, and that the maximum received power or the minimum received power, to select the reception antenna group which maximizes A wireless device is characterized.

本発明は、複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する無線装置において、２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群と、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出する電力算出手段と、前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択する受信アンテナ群選択手段と、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出する電波到来方向推定手段とを具備し、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段は、前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の最大受信電力、および最小受信電力を算出し、前記最大受信電力と前記最小受信電力との差が最小となる受信アンテナ群を選択することを特徴とする無線装置である。 The present invention relates to a wireless device that estimates the arrival direction of a radio wave from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas. The wireless device includes two or more reception antenna elements and is arranged at different locations. Two or more receiving antenna groups, power calculating means for calculating the received power of each of the two or more receiving antenna groups, and each received power calculated by the power calculating means, at regular intervals. A reception antenna group selection means for sequentially selecting one reception antenna group from the two or more reception antenna groups, and a reception signal of only the reception antenna group that is sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection means at regular intervals. Te, comprising a radio wave arrival direction estimating means for calculating the direction of arrival of radio waves from the transmission source, the reception antenna group selection means calculated by said power calculating means Maximum received power of the receiving antenna for each group of a predetermined time interval from each of received power, and calculates the minimum received power, selecting a receiving antenna group in which the difference between the maximum received power and the minimum received power is minimized This is a wireless device.

本発明は、上記の発明において、前記電波到来方向推定手段は、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に電波の到来方向を算出し、全ての受信アンテナ群の電波の到来方向の平均値を算出し、該平均値を最終的な電波の到来方向とすることを特徴とする。   According to the present invention, in the above invention, the radio wave arrival direction estimating means calculates a radio wave arrival direction for each reception antenna group sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection means, and the radio wave arrival directions of all reception antenna groups are calculated. An average value of directions is calculated, and the average value is set as a final arrival direction of radio waves.

本発明は、上記の発明において、前記電波到来方向推定手段は、前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に、選択される受信アンテナ群の受信信号から伝搬チャネルの位相成分のみを除去し、前記位相成分が除去された受信信号と、前記順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に任意に選択した基準となる基準アンテナの位相成分が除去された受信信号との位相差を検出し、前記順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に対応する受信アンテナ毎に前記位相差の和をとり、該和をとった後の結果を用いて最終的な電波の到来方向を算出することを特徴とする。   According to the present invention, in the above invention, the radio wave arrival direction estimation unit is configured to obtain only a phase component of a propagation channel from a reception signal of a selected reception antenna group for each reception antenna group sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection unit. And detecting the phase difference between the received signal from which the phase component has been removed and the received signal from which the phase component of the reference antenna as a reference arbitrarily selected for each of the sequentially selected receiving antenna groups has been removed. Taking the sum of the phase differences for each receiving antenna corresponding to each sequentially selected receiving antenna group, and calculating the final direction of arrival of radio waves using the result after taking the sum To do.

本発明は、複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する電波到来方向推定方法において、２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出するステップと、前記算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップと、前記一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出するステップとを含み、前記１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップでは、前記受信電力を算出するステップで算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の平均受信電力、または最大受信電力、または最小受信電力を算出し、前記平均受信電力、または前記最大受信電力、または前記最小受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群を選択することを特徴とする電波到来方向推定方法である。
本発明は、複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する電波到来方向推定方法において、２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出するステップと、前記算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップと、前記一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出するステップとを含み、前記１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップでは、前記受信電力を算出するステップで算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の最大受信電力、および最小受信電力を算出し、前記最大受信電力と前記最小受信電力との差が最小となる受信アンテナ群を選択することを特徴とする電波到来方向推定方法である。 The present invention relates to a radio wave arrival direction estimation method for estimating the arrival direction of a radio wave from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas. The step of calculating the received power of each of the two or more arranged reception antenna groups, and one reception from the two or more reception antenna groups at regular intervals based on each of the calculated received powers a step of sequentially selecting the antenna group based on the received signal only sequentially selected receiving antenna group for each of the predetermined time, look including the step of calculating the arrival direction of the radio wave from the transmission source, the one In the step of sequentially selecting the receiving antenna group, the average received power for each receiving antenna group for each fixed time from each received power calculated in the step of calculating the received power. Or maximum received power or calculates the minimum received power, the average received power or the maximum reception power or radio wave arrival direction estimation method in which the minimum receive power and selects the reception antenna group having the maximum, is there.
The present invention relates to a radio wave arrival direction estimation method for estimating the arrival direction of a radio wave from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas. The step of calculating the received power of each of the two or more arranged reception antenna groups, and one reception from the two or more reception antenna groups at regular intervals based on each of the calculated received powers Sequentially selecting antenna groups; and calculating a direction of arrival of radio waves from the transmission source based on reception signals of only the reception antenna groups sequentially selected at regular intervals, the one reception In the step of sequentially selecting the antenna group, the maximum received power for each receiving antenna group for each fixed time from each received power calculated in the step of calculating the received power. And calculating the minimum received power, a radio wave arrival direction estimating method characterized in that the difference between the maximum received power and the minimum received power to select the reception antenna group is minimized.

この発明によれば、時間経過とともにフェージングの状況が変わった場合でも、受信状況が良い受信アンテナグループを選択して到来方向を推定するため、推定精度を向上させることができるという利点が得られる。   According to the present invention, even when the fading situation changes with the passage of time, the direction of arrival is estimated by selecting a receiving antenna group having a good reception situation, so that it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy.

本発明の実施形態による無線基地局装置の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the radio base station apparatus by embodiment of this invention. 本実施形態による電波到来方向推定部での電波の到来方向の推定方法の一例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows an example of the estimation method of the arrival direction of the electromagnetic wave in the electromagnetic wave arrival direction estimation part by this embodiment. 本実施形態による電波到来方向推定部での電波の到来方向の推定方法の他の例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the other example of the estimation method of the arrival direction of the electromagnetic wave in the electromagnetic wave arrival direction estimation part by this embodiment. シミュレーション評価での本実施形態による無線基地局装置の略構成と、従来技術による無線基地局装置の略構成とを示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the wireless base station apparatus by this embodiment in simulation evaluation, and the schematic structure of the wireless base station apparatus by a prior art. シミュレーション評価結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a simulation evaluation result. 従来技術による無線基地局装置の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the wireless base station apparatus by a prior art.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の実施形態による無線基地局装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図において、無線基地局装置は、受信アンテナ群１−１（＃１１、＃２１、…、＃Ｎ１）、受信アンテナ群１−２（＃１２、＃２２、…、＃Ｎ２）…、受信アンテナ群１−Ｍ（＃１Ｍ、＃２Ｍ、…、＃ＮＭ）を装備し、各受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍは、互いのフェージング相関が低くなるように互いに離れた位置に配置されている。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a radio base station apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the radio base station apparatus includes a reception antenna group 1-1 (# 1 1 , # 2 1 ,..., #N 1 ) and a reception antenna group 1-2 (# 1 2 , # 2 2 ,. 2 )... Are equipped with receiving antenna groups 1-M (# 1 M , # 2 M ,..., #N M ), and the receiving antenna groups 1-1 to 1-M have a low fading correlation with each other. Are arranged at positions separated from each other.

無線基地局装置は、各受信アンテナ群１−１、１−２、…、１−Ｍ毎に設けられた電力算出部２−１、２−２、…、２−Ｍと、全受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍから一定時間毎に１つの受信アンテナ群１−ｉ（ｉ＝１、２、…、Ｍ）を選択する受信アンテナ選択部３と、選択した受信アンテナ群１−ｉで受信された受信信号から電波の到来方向を推定する電波到来方向推定部４を備えている。   The radio base station apparatus includes power calculation units 2-1, 2-2,..., 2-M provided for each receiving antenna group 1-1, 1-2,. A reception antenna selection unit 3 that selects one reception antenna group 1-i (i = 1, 2,..., M) from 1-1 to 1-M at regular intervals, and a selected reception antenna group 1-i. A radio wave arrival direction estimation unit 4 that estimates the radio wave arrival direction from the received signal is provided.

電力算出部２−１、２−２、…、２−Ｍは、対応するそれぞれの受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍ毎の受信電力Ｐ１、Ｐ２、…、ＰＭを算出し、受信アンテナ群選択部３に供給する。受信アンテナ群選択部３は、電力算出部２−１、２−２、…、２−Ｍからの受信電力Ｐ１、Ｐ２、…、ＰＭに従って、全受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍから一定時間Ｔ毎に１つの受信アンテナ群１−ｉを順次選択し、選択した受信アンテナ群１−ｉの受信信号（受信アンテナ群１−１：ｒ＃１１、ｒ＃２１、…、ｒ＃N１、受信アンテナ群１−２：ｒ＃１２、ｒ＃２２、…、ｒ＃N２…、受信アンテナ群１−Ｍ：ｒ＃1Ｍ、ｒ＃２Ｍ、…、ｒ＃ＮＭ）を電波到来方向推定部４に供給する。 Power calculation unit 2-1 and 2-2, ..., 2-M is received in a corresponding respective receive antenna group every 1-1 to 1-M power P 1, P 2, ..., and calculates the P M, This is supplied to the receiving antenna group selector 3. Reception antenna group selection unit 3, power calculation unit 2-1, 2-2, ..., received power P 1 from 2-M, P 2, ..., according to P M, the total reception antenna group 1-1～1- One receiving antenna group 1-i is sequentially selected from M at a certain time T, and the received signals of the selected receiving antenna group 1-i (receiving antenna group 1-1: r # 11 , r # 21 ,..., R # N1 , receiving antenna group 1-2: r # 12 , r # 22 , ..., r # N2 ..., receiving antenna group 1-M: r # 1M , r # 2M , ..., r # NM )) It supplies to the estimation part 4.

（Ａ１）第１の受信アンテナ群選択方法
受信アンテナ群選択部３による第１の受信アンテナ群選択方法としては、例えば、一定時間Ｔ毎に、電力算出部２−１〜２−Ｍから供給される受信電力Ｐ１、Ｐ２、…、ＰＭから、受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍ毎に平均受信電力を計算（受信アンテナ群１−１：ｒ＃１１〜ｒ＃N１からＰａｖｅ1、受信アンテナ群１−２：ｒ＃１２〜ｒ＃N２からＰａｖｅ２、…、受信アンテナ群Ｍ：ｒ＃1Ｍ〜ｒ＃ＮＭからＰａｖｅＭ）し、一定時間Ｔ毎に平均受信電力Ｐａｖｅ1〜ＰａｖｅＭが最大となる受信アンテナ群１−ｉを選択するという方法が考えられる。例えば、最初の時間ＴでＰａｖｅ１、次の時間ＴでＰａｖｅ３、その次の時間ＴでＰａｖｅ２が最大となれば、順次、受信アンテナ群１−１、受信アンテナ群１−３、受信アンテナ群１−２を選択する。 (A1) First reception antenna group selection method As a first reception antenna group selection method by the reception antenna group selection unit 3, for example, it is supplied from the power calculation units 2-1 to 2-M every predetermined time T. The average received power is calculated for each of the receiving antenna groups 1-1 to 1- M from the received powers P 1 , P 2 ,..., PM (receiving antenna groups 1-1: r # 11 to r # N1 to P ave1 , Receiving antenna group 1-2: r # 12 to r # N2 to P ave2 ,..., Receiving antenna group M: r # 1M to r #NM to P aveM ), and the average received power P ave1 to A method of selecting the receiving antenna group 1-i that maximizes P aveM can be considered. For example, P ave1 at the first time T, P AVE3 at the next time T, if P ave2 is maximized at the next time T, sequentially, reception antenna group 1-1, reception antenna group 1-3, the receiving antenna Group 1-2 is selected.

（Ａ２）第２の受信アンテナ群選択方法
また、第２の受信アンテナ群選択方法としては、例えば、一定時間Ｔ毎に、受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍ毎の最大受信電力、または最小受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群１−ｉを同様に選択していく方法が考えられる。 (A2) Second Receiving Antenna Group Selection Method Further, as the second receiving antenna group selection method, for example, the maximum received power for each of the receiving antenna groups 1-1 to 1-M or the minimum for every predetermined time T A method is conceivable in which the receiving antenna group 1-i having the maximum received power is selected in the same manner.

（Ａ３）第３の受信アンテナ群選択方法
また、第３の受信アンテナ群選択方法としては、例えば、一定時間Ｔ毎に、受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍ毎の最大受信電力と最小受信電力との差が最小となる受信アンテナ群１−ｉを同様に選択していく方法が考えられる。 (A3) Third Reception Antenna Group Selection Method Further, as a third reception antenna group selection method, for example, the maximum reception power and the minimum reception for each of the reception antenna groups 1-1 to 1-M at a certain time T. A method of selecting the receiving antenna group 1-i that minimizes the difference from the power in the same manner is conceivable.

なお、いずれの選択方法においても、受信アンテナ群選択部３にて選択を行う一定時間Ｔは、１シンボル毎でも複数シンボル毎でも任意の間隔で構わない。   In any of the selection methods, the fixed time T for selection by the receiving antenna group selection unit 3 may be an arbitrary interval for every symbol or for every plurality of symbols.

電波到来方向推定部４は、受信アンテナ群選択部３で一定時間Ｔ毎に選択された受信アンテナ群１−ｉの受信信号ｒ＃１１〜ｒ＃Ｎ１、ｒ＃１２〜ｒ＃Ｎ２、ｒ＃１Ｍ〜ｒ＃ＮＭから最終的な電波の到来方向、すなわち最終電波到来方向θｆｉｎａｌを算出する。 The radio wave arrival direction estimation unit 4 receives the received signals r # 11 to r # N1 , r # 12 to r # N2 , r # of the reception antenna group 1-i selected by the reception antenna group selection unit 3 every predetermined time T. A final radio wave arrival direction, that is, a final radio wave arrival direction θ final is calculated from 1M to r #NM .

（Ｂ１）第１の到来方向推定方法
電波到来方向推定部４による第１の到来方向の算出の方法としては、例えば、図２に示すように、一定時間Ｔ毎に、受信アンテナ群選択部３で選択された受信アンテナ群１−ｉの受信信号ｒ＃１ｉ〜ｒ＃Nｉから到来方向θｔ１２、θｔ２３、θｔ（Ｌ−１）Ｌを算出し、最後に全ての平均（ａｖｅ）をとり、最終電波到来方向θｆｉｎａｌとする方法が考えられる。 (B1) First Arrival Direction Estimation Method As a method of calculating the first arrival direction by the radio wave arrival direction estimation unit 4, for example, as shown in FIG. The arrival directions θ t12 , θ t23 , and θ t (L−1) L are calculated from the received signals r # 1i to r #Ni of the receiving antenna group 1 -i selected in step 1 , and finally all averages (ave) are calculated. Therefore, a method of setting the final radio wave arrival direction θ final can be considered.

（Ｂ２）第２の到来方向推定方法
また、第２の到来方向の算出の方法としては、例えば、図３に示すように、一定時間Ｔ毎に、受信アンテナ群選択部３で選択された受信アンテナ群１−ｉの受信信号ｒ＃１ｉ〜ｒ＃Nｉから伝搬チャネルの位相成分のみ除去し、該位相成分が除去された受信信号ｓｒ＃１ｉ、ｓｒ＃１ｉ、…、ｓｒ＃１ｉと、受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍ毎に任意に選択した基準となる受信アンテナ（以下、基準アンテナという、図３中ではｓｒ＃１１、ｓｒ＃１３、…、ｓｒ＃１２）の位相成分が除去された受信信号との位相差を検出し、基準アンテナに対しては基準アンテナ毎、Ｐ番目の受信アンテナに対してはＰ番目の受信アンテナ毎（１≦P≦Ｎ）というように、時間方向に加算（Σ）を行った後、最終電波到来方向θｆｉｎａｌを算出する。 (B2) Second Arrival Direction Estimation Method Further, as a second arrival direction calculation method, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the reception antenna group selection unit 3 selects the reception selected every certain time T. Only the phase components of the propagation channel are removed from the received signals r # 1i to r # Ni of the antenna group 1-i, and the received signals sr # 1i , sr # 1i , ..., sr # 1i from which the phase components are removed, Phase components of reference antennas (hereinafter referred to as reference antennas, sr # 11 , sr # 13 ,..., Sr # 12 in FIG. 3) arbitrarily selected for each of the reception antenna groups 1-1 to 1-M. Is detected for each reference antenna for the reference antenna, and for each Pth receive antenna for the Pth receive antenna (1 ≦ P ≦ N), After adding (Σ) in the time direction, the final radio wave The arrival direction θ final is calculated.

ここで、選択された受信アンテナ群毎の到来方向の算出方法としては、ＣＭＡ（Constant Modulus Algorithm）やＭＭＳＥ（Minimum Mean Square Error）、ＭＵＳＩＣ（Multiple Signal Classification）法など、複数のアンテナを用いて到来方向推定を行うあらゆる方法が考えられる。   Here, as a method of calculating the direction of arrival for each selected reception antenna group, arrival is performed using a plurality of antennas such as CMA (Constant Modulus Algorithm), MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error), and MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification). Any method of performing direction estimation is conceivable.

次に、本実施形態の具体的動作について説明する。
受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍの各々のアンテナ＃１１〜＃１Ｎ１、＃１２〜＃Ｎ２、…、＃１Ｍ〜＃ＮＭで受信された受信信号ｒ＃１１〜ｒ＃Ｎ１、ｒ＃１２〜ｒ＃Ｎ２、ｒ＃１Ｍ〜ｒ＃ＮＭは、電力算出部２−１〜２−Mと、受信アンテナ群選択部３とに入力される。 Next, a specific operation of the present embodiment will be described.
Received signals r # 11 to r received by antennas # 1 1 to # 1N 1 , # 1 2 to #N 2 ,..., # 1 M to #N M of the receiving antenna groups 1-1 to 1- M. # N1, r # 12 ~r # N2, r # 1M ~r #NM includes a power calculating section 2-1 to 2-M, are input to the reception antenna group selector 3.

電力算出部２−１、２−２、…、２−Ｍは、対応するそれぞれの受信アンテナ群１−１〜１−Ｍの受信電力Ｐ１、Ｐ２、…、ＰＭを算出し、受信アンテナ群選択部３に供給する。上記受信電力は、アナログ信号処理でＡＧＣ（Auto Gain Control）などを用いて算出しても、ディジタル信号処理で複素信号の二乗成分の移動平均などを用いて算出してもよく、受信電力を算出するいかなる方法を用いてもよい。また、受信電力算出処理は、ＲＦ（Radio Frequency）信号のまま行っても、ベースバンド信号で行ってもよい。 Power calculation unit 2-1 and 2-2, ..., 2-M is received in each reception antenna group 1-1 to 1-M corresponding power P 1, P 2, ..., and calculates the P M, the received This is supplied to the antenna group selector 3. The received power may be calculated using AGC (Auto Gain Control) or the like in analog signal processing, or may be calculated using a moving average of the square component of a complex signal or the like in digital signal processing. Any method may be used. In addition, the received power calculation process may be performed as an RF (Radio Frequency) signal or a baseband signal.

受信アンテナ群選択部３は、上述した選択方法のいずれかに従って、一定時間Ｔ毎に、電力算出部２−１〜２−Ｍから供給される受信電力Ｐ１、Ｐ２、…、ＰＭに従って、受信アンテナ群１−ｉを選択し、選択した受信アンテナ群１−ｉの受信信号ｒ＃１ｉ〜ｒ＃Nｉを電波到来方向推定部４に供給する。次に、電波到来方向推定部４は、一定時間Ｔ毎に、受信アンテナ群選択部３によって選択される受信アンテナ群１−ｉの受信信号ｒ＃１ｉ〜ｒ＃Nｉから、上述した到来方向の算出方法のいずれかに従って、最終的な電波の到来方向θｆｉｎａｌを算出する。 The reception antenna group selection unit 3 follows the received powers P 1 , P 2 ,..., P M supplied from the power calculation units 2-1 to 2-M at regular time intervals T according to any of the selection methods described above. The reception antenna group 1-i is selected, and the reception signals r # 1i to r # Ni of the selected reception antenna group 1-i are supplied to the radio wave arrival direction estimation unit 4. Next, the radio wave arrival direction estimator 4 determines the arrival direction described above from the received signals r # 1i to r #Ni of the reception antenna group 1-i selected by the reception antenna group selection unit 3 every predetermined time T. The final radio wave arrival direction θ final is calculated according to any of the calculation methods.

次に、本実施形態と従来技術とのシミュレーション評価結果について説明する。
図４（ａ）、（ｂ）は、シミュレーション評価での本実施形態による無線基地局装置の略構成と、従来技術による無線基地局装置の略構成とを示すブロック図である。シミュレーション評価において、本実施形態では、図４（ａ）に示すように、複数のグループに分割した受信アンテナ群の受信信号の電力により、いずれかの受信アンテナ群を選択した後、到来方向を推定する一方、従来技術では、図４（ｂ）に示すように、各受信アンテナの受信信号の位相差を用いて受信信号の到来方向を推定する。 Next, simulation evaluation results between this embodiment and the prior art will be described.
4A and 4B are block diagrams illustrating a schematic configuration of the radio base station apparatus according to the present embodiment and a schematic configuration of the radio base station apparatus according to the related art in simulation evaluation. In the simulation evaluation, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, the arrival direction is estimated after selecting one of the reception antenna groups based on the power of the reception signal of the reception antenna group divided into a plurality of groups. On the other hand, in the prior art, as shown in FIG. 4B, the arrival direction of the received signal is estimated using the phase difference of the received signal of each receiving antenna.

すなわち、シミュレーション条件は、アンテナ群数＝２、１つのアンテナ群のアンテナ数＝２、端末と基地局との距離＝３５００ｍ、無雑音環境、アンテナ群Ａ１とアンテナ群Ａ２とのチャネルは無相関、各アンテナ群Ａ１、Ａ２のアンテナ間距離は半波長、基地局到来波角度広がり＝３ｄｅｇｒｅｅ、ドップラー周波数＝１０Ｈｚとする。   That is, the simulation condition is that the number of antenna groups = 2, the number of antennas of one antenna group = 2, the distance between the terminal and the base station = 3500 m, no-noise environment, the channel between the antenna group A1 and the antenna group A2 is uncorrelated, The distance between the antennas of the antenna groups A1 and A2 is a half wavelength, the base station arrival wave angle spread = 3 degrees, and the Doppler frequency = 10 Hz.

図５は、シミュレーション評価結果を示す図である。
図示のシミュレーション評価では、実際の端末方向と、基地局で推定した電波到来方向との角度差を、到来方向推定誤差としてＣＤＦで表わしている。従来方式では、端末は時間ダイバーシチ効果が効かない静止（ドップラー周波数＝０Ｈｚ）の状態で評価している。このため、従来方式では、パケット長が１６ｂｙｔｅ、１２８ｂｙｔｅ共に、実線で示されるＣＤＦ曲線となる。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a simulation evaluation result.
In the simulation evaluation shown in the figure, the angle difference between the actual terminal direction and the radio wave arrival direction estimated by the base station is represented by CDF as an arrival direction estimation error. In the conventional method, the terminal evaluates in a stationary state (Doppler frequency = 0 Hz) where the time diversity effect does not work. For this reason, in the conventional system, the packet length is a CDF curve indicated by a solid line for both 16 bytes and 128 bytes.

これに対して、本発明では、ＣＤＦ値９９％（到来方向推定誤差が９９％以内の確率でその値の中に収まる）で評価すると、約２２．５度（距離誤差に直すと１５００ｍ）であったのが、点線で示す、パケット長が１６ｂｙｔｅで約８度（距離誤差に直すと約５００ｍ）、一点鎖線で示す、１２８ｂｙｔｅで約４度（距離誤差に直すと約２５０ｍ）となる。   On the other hand, in the present invention, when evaluated with a CDF value of 99% (the direction of arrival estimation error falls within that value with a probability of 99% or less), it is about 22.5 degrees (1500 m when converted to a distance error). The packet length indicated by a dotted line is about 8 degrees (about 500 m when converted to a distance error) at 16 bytes, and about 4 degrees (about 250 m when converted to a distance error) indicated by a dashed line is 128 bytes.

上述した実施形態によれば、フェージングによる落ち込み状態を時間的に回避可能となる。例えば、受シンボル毎に、受信アンテナ群の選択を行った場合、受信した全シンボルタイミングで一番フェージングの影響を受けない受信アンテナ群で到来方向推定を行うことが可能となり、到来方向の推定精度を向上させることができる。   According to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to avoid a fall state due to fading in terms of time. For example, if the receiving antenna group is selected for each received symbol, the direction of arrival estimation can be performed with the receiving antenna group that is least affected by fading at all received symbol timings, and the direction of arrival estimation accuracy Can be improved.

＃１１〜＃Ｎ１，＃１２〜＃Ｎ２，＃１Ｍ〜＃ＮＭ 受信アンテナ
ｒ＃１１〜ｒ＃Ｎ１，ｒ＃２１〜ｒ＃Ｎ２，ｒ＃１Ｍ〜ｒ＃ＮＭ 受信信号
１−１〜１−Ｍ 受信アンテナ群
２−１〜２−Ｍ 電力算出部
３ 受信アンテナ群選択部
４ 電波到来方向推定部
θｆｉｎａｌ 最終的な到来方向
ｓｒ＃１１〜ｓｒ＃Ｎ１，ｓｒ＃２１〜ｓｒ＃Ｎ２，ｓｒ＃２Ｍ〜ｓｒ＃ＮＭ チャネルの位相成分を除去した受信信号
Ｔ 受信アンテナ群受信電力算出時間 # 1 1 ~ # N 1, # 1 2 ~ # N 2, # 1 M ~ # N M receive antenna r # 11 ~r # N1, r # 21 ~r # N2, r # 1M ~r #NM received signal 1-1 to 1-M reception antenna group 2-1 to 2-M power calculation unit 3 reception antenna group selection unit 4 radio wave arrival direction estimation unit θ final final arrival direction sr # 11 to sr # N1 , sr # 21 ~sr # N2, sr # 2M ~sr #NM channel reception signal T reception antenna group received power calculation time removing the phase components of

Claims (7)

複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する無線装置において、
２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群と、
前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出する電力算出手段と、
前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択する受信アンテナ群選択手段と、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出する電波到来方向推定手段と
を具備し、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段は、
前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の平均受信電力を算出し、該平均受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群を選択する
ことを特徴とする無線装置。 In a wireless device that estimates the arrival direction of radio waves from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas,
Two or more groups of receiving antennas, each of which is composed of two or more receiving antenna elements, and are arranged at different locations;
Power calculating means for calculating received power of each of the two or more receiving antenna groups;
Receiving antenna group selecting means for sequentially selecting one receiving antenna group from the two or more receiving antenna groups at regular intervals based on each received power calculated by the power calculating means;
Radio wave arrival direction estimating means for calculating the arrival direction of the radio wave from the transmission source based on the reception signals of only the reception antenna groups sequentially selected at regular intervals by the reception antenna group selection means ,
The receiving antenna group selecting means includes
A radio apparatus characterized by calculating an average received power for each receiving antenna group for each predetermined time from each received power calculated by the power calculating means, and selecting a receiving antenna group that maximizes the average received power. . 複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する無線装置において、
２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群と、
前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出する電力算出手段と、
前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択する受信アンテナ群選択手段と、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出する電波到来方向推定手段と
を具備し、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段は、
前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の最大受信電力、または最小受信電力を算出し、前記最大受信電力、または前記最小受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群を選択する
ことを特徴とする無線装置。 In a wireless device that estimates the arrival direction of radio waves from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas,
Two or more groups of receiving antennas, each of which is composed of two or more receiving antenna elements, and are arranged at different locations;
Power calculating means for calculating received power of each of the two or more receiving antenna groups;
Receiving antenna group selecting means for sequentially selecting one receiving antenna group from the two or more receiving antenna groups at regular intervals based on each received power calculated by the power calculating means;
Radio wave arrival direction estimating means for calculating the arrival direction of the radio wave from the transmission source based on the reception signals of only the reception antenna groups sequentially selected at regular intervals by the reception antenna group selection means ,
The receiving antenna group selecting means includes
The maximum reception power or the minimum reception power for each reception antenna group for each fixed time is calculated from each reception power calculated by the power calculation means, and the maximum reception power or the reception antenna that maximizes the minimum reception power A wireless device , wherein a group is selected . 複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する無線装置において、
２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群と、
前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出する電力算出手段と、
前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択する受信アンテナ群選択手段と、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出する電波到来方向推定手段と
を具備し、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段は、
前記電力算出手段により算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の最大受信電力、および最小受信電力を算出し、前記最大受信電力と前記最小受信電力との差が最小となる受信アンテナ群を選択する
ことを特徴とする無線装置。 In a wireless device that estimates the arrival direction of radio waves from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas,
Two or more groups of receiving antennas, each of which is composed of two or more receiving antenna elements, and are arranged at different locations;
Power calculating means for calculating received power of each of the two or more receiving antenna groups;
Receiving antenna group selecting means for sequentially selecting one receiving antenna group from the two or more receiving antenna groups at regular intervals based on each received power calculated by the power calculating means;
Radio wave arrival direction estimating means for calculating the arrival direction of the radio wave from the transmission source based on the reception signals of only the reception antenna groups sequentially selected at regular intervals by the reception antenna group selection means ,
The receiving antenna group selecting means includes
The maximum received power and the minimum received power for each receiving antenna group for each fixed time are calculated from each received power calculated by the power calculating means, and the difference between the maximum received power and the minimum received power is minimized. A wireless device , wherein a receiving antenna group is selected . 前記電波到来方向推定手段は、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に電波の到来方向を算出し、
全ての受信アンテナ群の電波の到来方向の平均値を算出し、
該平均値を最終的な電波の到来方向とする
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１項に記載の無線装置。 The radio wave arrival direction estimating means includes:
Calculate the direction of arrival of radio waves for each reception antenna group sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection means,
Calculate the average direction of arrival of radio waves from all receiving antenna groups,
The wireless device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the average value is a final arrival direction of radio waves. 前記電波到来方向推定手段は、
前記受信アンテナ群選択手段により順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に、選択される受信アンテナ群の受信信号から伝搬チャネルの位相成分のみを除去し、
前記位相成分が除去された受信信号と、前記順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に任意に選択した基準となる基準アンテナの位相成分が除去された受信信号との位相差を検出し、
前記順次選択される受信アンテナ群毎に対応する受信アンテナ毎に前記位相差の和をとり、該和をとった後の結果を用いて最終的な電波の到来方向を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１項に記載の無線装置。 The radio wave arrival direction estimating means includes:
For each reception antenna group sequentially selected by the reception antenna group selection means, only the phase component of the propagation channel is removed from the received signal of the selected reception antenna group,
Detecting a phase difference between the received signal from which the phase component has been removed and the received signal from which the phase component of the reference antenna as a reference arbitrarily selected for each of the sequentially selected receiving antenna groups is removed;
The sum of the phase differences is calculated for each receiving antenna corresponding to each of the sequentially selected receiving antenna groups, and the final direction of arrival of radio waves is calculated using the result obtained by calculating the sum. The radio | wireless apparatus of any one of Claim 1- Claim 3 . 複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する電波到来方向推定方法において、
２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出するステップと、
前記算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップと、
前記一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出するステップと
を含み、
前記１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップでは、
前記受信電力を算出するステップで算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の平均受信電力、または最大受信電力、または最小受信電力を算出し、
前記平均受信電力、または前記最大受信電力、または前記最小受信電力が最大となる受信アンテナ群を選択する
ことを特徴とする電波到来方向推定方法。 In the radio wave arrival direction estimation method for estimating the arrival direction of radio waves from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas,
Calculating received power of each of two or more groups of receiving antennas, each of which is composed of two or more receiving antenna elements and are arranged at different locations;
Sequentially selecting one reception antenna group from the two or more reception antenna groups at regular intervals based on the calculated reception powers;
Based on the received signal only sequentially selected receiving antenna group for each of the predetermined time, look including the step of calculating the arrival direction of the radio wave from said source,
In the step of sequentially selecting the one receiving antenna group,
From the received power calculated in the step of calculating the received power, calculate an average received power for each receiving antenna group at a fixed time, or a maximum received power, or a minimum received power,
A radio wave arrival direction estimation method , wherein a reception antenna group that maximizes the average reception power, the maximum reception power, or the minimum reception power is selected . 複数の受信アンテナ毎に受信された受信信号に基づいて送信元からの電波の到来方向を推定する電波到来方向推定方法において、In the radio wave arrival direction estimation method for estimating the arrival direction of radio waves from a transmission source based on reception signals received for each of a plurality of reception antennas,
２本以上の受信アンテナ素子からなり、互いに異なる場所に配置された２群以上の受信アンテナ群の各々の受信電力を算出するステップと、Calculating received power of each of two or more groups of receiving antennas, each of which is composed of two or more receiving antenna elements and are arranged at different locations;
前記算出された各々の受信電力に基づいて、一定時間毎に、前記２群以上の受信アンテナ群から１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップと、Sequentially selecting one reception antenna group from the two or more reception antenna groups at regular intervals based on the calculated reception powers;
前記一定時間毎に順次選択された受信アンテナ群のみの受信信号に基づいて、前記送信元からの電波の到来方向を算出するステップとCalculating an arrival direction of radio waves from the transmission source based on reception signals of only the reception antenna groups sequentially selected at regular intervals;
を含み、Including
前記１つの受信アンテナ群を順次選択するステップでは、In the step of sequentially selecting the one receiving antenna group,
前記受信電力を算出するステップで算出された各々の受信電力から一定時間毎の受信アンテナ群毎の最大受信電力、および最小受信電力を算出し、From the received power calculated in the step of calculating the received power, the maximum received power for each receiving antenna group for a certain time, and the minimum received power,
前記最大受信電力と前記最小受信電力との差が最小となる受信アンテナ群を選択するSelect a receiving antenna group that minimizes the difference between the maximum received power and the minimum received power
ことを特徴とする電波到来方向推定方法。The radio wave arrival direction estimation method characterized by the above.
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