1303837 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種照明裝置，尤其涉及一種場發射照明裝置及應用於該 - 場發射照明裝置之陰極。 【先前技術】 照明與人們日常生活密切相關，通常採用之照明技術有白熾燈、螢光 燈、LED照明等，其中使用較普遍之照明光源為螢光燈管。 ® 螢光燈係放電燈之一種，其係於一玻璃管中充入容易放電之氬氣及少 篁汞蒸氣，玻璃管内壁塗敷有螢光物質，玻璃管兩端設有用鎢絲製作之二 螺旋或二螺I疋鶴絲圈電極，電極上塗敷有發射電子之物質。其發光原理如 下：電壓啟動時，電流流過電極並對電極加熱，電極上發射電子之物質就 . 會發出熱電子，並開始放電，放電產生之流動電子與管内之汞原子碰撞， 發出备、外線，此紫外線激發螢光物質產生可見光。隨著螢光物質之不同， 可以發出多種多樣之光色。 然，螢光燈照明技術採用了對人體有害之汞蒸氣，不利於環保。另一 方面，螢光燈放光過程中能量轉化經過了電-光（電子與汞原子碰撞產生紫 % 外線)及光—光（紫外線激發螢光物質產生可見光）兩個過程，能量轉化效率 比較低。 【發明内容】 有馨於此，有必要提供-翻於魏而又能量轉化鱗高之場發射陰 極及場發射照明裝置。 -種場發繼極，其包料根或複數根包含概奈米綠之奈米碳管 絲0 -種场發射顧裝置，其包括所述之場發射陰極及與該陰極相對之陽 極0 相較於先前技術，所述之陰極之奈米碳管絲表面有複數根奈米碳管伸 出，其應場發賴明裝置時，奈米碳管絲面之奈米碳管尖端在電場 6 作用下放出電子，撞擊陽極表面之螢光層發出可見光，達到照明效果，其 能量轉化只經過了電-光一個過程，能量轉化效率高。而且所述之照明裝 置在較低真空度下，也有不錯之發光效果。 相較於先前技術，所述之場發射照明裝置不含有對人體有害之物質， 更加環保。 【實施方式】 下面將結合附圖，對本發明作進一步之詳細說明。 請參閱第一圖，爲本發明場發射照明裝置之實施例。 該場發射照明裝置1包括一發光管11以及設置於發光管U中心轴且位 於發光管11之腔體110内之陰極13。 該發光管11之最外層爲一透明玻璃管lu。該玻璃管1U之内表面設置 有陽極112，其常由透明導電材料氧化銦錫製成。該陽極112之表面形成有 螢光層113。一陽極接線柱12穿過該玻璃管m表面，其一端與該陽極112 電連接，另一端與電源(圖未示)之正極相連。本實施例之發光管ϋ之直徑 爲43毫米(mm)(發光管11之厚度相對於直徑很薄，可忽略不計），長度爲 80mm。該發光管11之開口兩端分別設置有密封蓋15，用於將發光管^形 成之腔體110密封。 可以理解，發光管11之尺寸可以根據實際需要進行變更，幷不限於 本實施例。另外，該發光管11還可以爲在玻璃管1]L1之内表面先塗敷一層 螢光層，然後在螢光層表面蒸鍍一層鏡面紹層，該陽極接線柱12之一端與 該鏡面鋁層電連接。當然，該發光管11還可以爲其它形式，幷不限於本實 施例。 同樣可以理解，該發光管11與密封蓋15也可以爲一體結構，幷不限 於本實施例。 該陰極13由一奈米碳管絲131形成。在陰極13兩端所對應之位置分別 有一陰極接線柱14穿設於發光管11之密封蓋15上，該陰極接線柱14一端與 該奈米石反官絲131之尾端通過枯接劑相連，另一端與電源之負極連接。因 奈米碳管絲較細(寬度僅爲2〇0微米(μπι)左右），爲便於說明，本實施例之 陰極13之奈米碳管絲131幷未按實際比例畫出。 可以理解，陰極13兩端也可以採取一端加電，幷不限於本實施例。 1303837 製備上述之奈米碳管絲131，本實施例提供一下一種方法： 請參閱第二圖，制得奈米碳管陣列20後，用一鑷子(圖未示)夾住一束 奈米石反管，施加〇·1毫牛(mN)之力抽拉，由於范德華力之作用，奈米碳管 束端部首尾連接在一起；沿抽拉方向一奈米碳管絲131形成，其寬度爲2〇〇 微米。 ..... 要獲得能抽拉奈米碳管絲131之奈米碳管陣列2〇，最好滿足以下三個 條件： 1·基底表面平整光滑； 2·生長速率高； g 3·反應前體分壓低。 經大量實驗表明，催化劑和反應爐之溫度差越大，生長速率越高，通 Φ至乂要控制催化劑與反應爐之溫度差在5〇。(3以上。在實驗時，催化劑之 溫度可通過乙炔之流量來控制。反應前體之分壓可通過改變通入之乙炔與 氬之比例來控制，通常反應前體之分壓不高於〇·2，最好不高於〇 ;[。 奈米碳管絲131之寬度可由抽拉工具之尖端尺寸控制，尖端尺寸越 小，獲得之奈米碳管絲131寬度越小。奈米碳管絲131之長度由奈米碳管陣 列20之面積决定，通常1平方厘米(cm2)之奈米碳管陣列可抽拉出長度爲1〇 米㈣之奈米碳管絲。抽拉奈米礙管絲131之力之大小由奈米碳管絲ία之 寬度决定’寬度越大，所需之力越大。 i 可以理解，生長奈米碳管陣列所用之氬體還可用其它惰性氣體。催化 劑可用其它過渡金屬，如鈷，鎳等。乙炔可用其它碳氫化合物代替，如曱 烷，乙烯等。 請參閱第三圖，係通過以上方法形成之奈米碳管絲131之顯微照片。 從照片中可以看出，在奈米碳管絲131之表面會有複數奈米碳管伸 出’形成了場發射照明裝置1之發射尖端。其中，該奈米碳管131〇之直徑 範圍為0.4〜30奈米(nm)。 本實施例場發射照明裝置1工作時腔體110内之氣壓需要在1〇·4帕(Pa) 量級範圍内；陽極112與陰極13之間施加值爲6000伏(v)，頻率爲1〇〇〇赫兹 (Hz) ’ I度爲2宅秒(1115)之脉衝電壓。場發射照明裝置1之照明原理如下： 8 ,1303837. 戎陰極13之奈米碳管絲131表面之奈米碳管131〇受電場激發後發出電子幷 4里擊螢光層113，使螢光層113受激發而發出可見光，光線透過該陽極 與玻璃管111到達外界，從而達到照明之效果。 本發明之場發射照明裝置1之陰極13還可以爲其它形式，比如將纏繞 在一起之複數根奈米碳管絲131作爲場發射陰極33 (請參閱第四圖）、將單 根奈米碳管絲131纏繞於一金屬棒132表面作爲場發射陰極53 (請參閱第五 ' 圖）、將纏繞在一起之複數根奈米碳管絲131纏繞於金屬棒132表面作爲場 發射陰極73 (請參閱第六圖）、將複數根奈米碳管絲131粘接於金屬棒132表 面作爲場發射陰極93 (請參閱第七圖)等。該金屬棒爲導電性佳之材料，一 . 般爲銅。值得注意，將奈米碳管絲m纏繞或德在金屬棒m表面形成場 發射陰極時，要保證該奈米碳管絲；[31之分布密度符合場發射條件。 睛參閱第八圖，係本實施例場發射照明裝置1之實物發光效果照片， 從照片可以看出，該照明裝置具有與螢光燈相近之很好之照明效果。〉 可以理解，本發明之場發射照明裝置之形狀多由陽極之形狀來決定， 其還可以爲其他形狀，比如多棱柱或球形等，幷不限於本實施例之圓柱形 結構。 相較於先前技術，本實施例之場發射照明裝置i採用了場發射發光原 理，，光過程中只經歷了電-光（電子直接激發螢光層113達到發光效果） 之能量轉化過程，能量轉化效率較高。另外，本實施例相對先前技術更加 • 環保。 综上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利之要件，爰依法提出專利申請。 惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施方式，本發明之範圍並不以上述實 施方式為限，舉凡熟習本案技藝之人士援依本發明之精神所作之等效修飾 或變化，皆應涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明實施例場發射照明裝置之立體剖面圖； 第二圖係抽拉奈米碳管絲之示意圖； 第三圖係奈米碳管絲之顯微照片； 第四圖至第七圖係本發明場發射照明裝置之其它形式陰極之放大示 9 1303837 意圖； 第八圖係本發明實施例場發射照明裝置之發光效果照片。 【主要元件符號說明】 場發射照明裝置 1 發光管 11 腔體 110 玻璃管 111 陽極 112 螢光層 113 陽極接線柱 12 陰極 13,33,53,73,93 奈米碳管絲 131 奈米碳管 1310 金屬棒 132 陰極接線柱 14 密封蓋 15 奈米碳管陣列 20BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lighting device, and more particularly to a field emission lighting device and a cathode applied to the field emission lighting device. [Prior Art] Lighting is closely related to people's daily life. Lighting technologies commonly used include incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and LED lighting. Among them, the most common lighting source is fluorescent tubes. ® Fluorescent lamp is a type of discharge lamp that is filled with a argon gas that is easily discharged and a small amount of mercury vapor. The inner wall of the glass tube is coated with a fluorescent material, and the ends of the glass tube are made of tungsten wire. A two-helix or two-spiral I 疋 wire loop electrode coated with an electron-emitting substance. The principle of illumination is as follows: when the voltage is started, the current flows through the electrode and heats the electrode, and the electron-emitting substance on the electrode emits hot electrons and starts to discharge. The flowing electrons generated by the discharge collide with the mercury atoms in the tube, and are issued. On the outside line, this ultraviolet light excites the fluorescent substance to generate visible light. A variety of light colors can be emitted depending on the fluorescent material. However, fluorescent lighting technology uses mercury vapor that is harmful to the human body, which is not conducive to environmental protection. On the other hand, the energy conversion during the luminescence of the fluorescent lamp passes through two processes of electro-optical (electron collides with mercury atoms to produce purple outer line) and light-light (violet-excited fluorescent material produces visible light), and the energy conversion efficiency is compared. low. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is necessary to provide a field-emitting cathode and field emission lighting device that is turned over to the Wei and energy conversion scale. a seed field emitter, the material or root of which contains a nano-nano carbon nanotube wire 0 - seed field emission device comprising the field emission cathode and an anode 0 phase opposite to the cathode Compared with the prior art, the surface of the carbon nanotube wire of the cathode has a plurality of carbon nanotubes protruding from the surface, and when the device is applied to the device, the carbon nanotube tip of the carbon nanotube surface is at the electric field 6 The electrons are emitted under the action, and the fluorescent layer striking the surface of the anode emits visible light to achieve the illumination effect. The energy conversion only passes through a process of electro-optic, and the energy conversion efficiency is high. Moreover, the lighting device has a good illuminating effect under a low vacuum. Compared with the prior art, the field emission illuminating device does not contain substances harmful to the human body and is more environmentally friendly. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Please refer to the first figure, which is an embodiment of the field emission lighting device of the present invention. The field emission illuminating device 1 comprises an arc tube 11 and a cathode 13 disposed in the central axis of the arc tube U and located in the cavity 110 of the arc tube 11. The outermost layer of the arc tube 11 is a transparent glass tube lu. The inner surface of the glass tube 1U is provided with an anode 112, which is often made of indium tin oxide, a transparent conductive material. A phosphor layer 113 is formed on the surface of the anode 112. An anode terminal 12 passes through the surface of the glass tube m, one end of which is electrically connected to the anode 112, and the other end of which is connected to the anode of a power source (not shown). The diameter of the arc tube of this embodiment is 43 mm (mm) (the thickness of the arc tube 11 is thin relative to the diameter, negligible), and the length is 80 mm. The two ends of the opening of the arc tube 11 are respectively provided with a sealing cover 15 for sealing the cavity 110 formed by the arc tube. It can be understood that the size of the arc tube 11 can be changed according to actual needs, and is not limited to the embodiment. In addition, the light-emitting tube 11 may also be coated with a fluorescent layer on the inner surface of the glass tube 1] L1, and then a mirror-coated layer is deposited on the surface of the fluorescent layer, and one end of the anode terminal 12 and the mirror-coated aluminum Layer electrical connection. Of course, the arc tube 11 can also be in other forms, and is not limited to the embodiment. It is also understood that the arc tube 11 and the sealing cover 15 may also be of a unitary structure, and are not limited to this embodiment. The cathode 13 is formed of a carbon nanotube wire 131. A cathode terminal 14 is disposed on the sealing cover 15 of the light-emitting tube 11 at a position corresponding to the two ends of the cathode 13. The cathode terminal 14 is connected to the end of the nano-striped anti-goal wire 131 by a deadener. The other end is connected to the negative pole of the power supply. Since the carbon nanotube wire is thin (the width is only about 2 〇 0 μm (μπι)), for convenience of explanation, the carbon nanotube wire 131 of the cathode 13 of the present embodiment is not drawn to the actual scale. It can be understood that the two ends of the cathode 13 can also be powered by one end, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. 1303837 The above-mentioned nano carbon tube wire 131 is prepared. This embodiment provides the following method: Referring to the second figure, after preparing the carbon nanotube array 20, a bundle of nanometer stones is clamped with a tweezers (not shown). Back tube, applying a force of 1 mN (mN), due to the effect of van der Waals force, the end of the carbon nanotube bundle is connected end to end; a carbon nanotube wire 131 is formed along the drawing direction, and its width is 2 〇〇 micron. ..... To obtain a carbon nanotube array 2 which can pull the carbon nanotube wire 131, it is preferable to satisfy the following three conditions: 1. The surface of the substrate is smooth and smooth; 2. The growth rate is high; g 3 · Reaction The precursor has a low partial pressure. A large number of experiments have shown that the greater the temperature difference between the catalyst and the reactor, the higher the growth rate, and the temperature difference between the catalyst and the reactor is controlled to be 5 Torr. (3 or more. In the experiment, the temperature of the catalyst can be controlled by the flow rate of acetylene. The partial pressure of the reaction precursor can be controlled by changing the ratio of acetylene to argon introduced, usually the partial pressure of the reaction precursor is not higher than 〇 · 2, preferably not higher than 〇; [. The width of the carbon nanotube wire 131 can be controlled by the tip size of the drawing tool, the smaller the tip size, the smaller the width of the obtained carbon nanotube wire 131. The carbon nanotube The length of the wire 131 is determined by the area of the carbon nanotube array 20, and usually a carbon nanotube array of 1 square centimeter (cm2) can extract a carbon nanotube wire having a length of 1 mm (four). The force of the wire 131 is determined by the width of the carbon nanotube wire ία. The greater the width, the greater the force required. i It is understood that the argon used to grow the carbon nanotube array can also be used with other inert gases. Transition metals, such as cobalt, nickel, etc. Acetylene can be replaced by other hydrocarbons, such as decane, ethylene, etc. Please refer to the third figure, which is a photomicrograph of the carbon nanotube wire 131 formed by the above method. It can be seen that the table of the carbon nanotube wire 131 There will be a plurality of carbon nanotubes extending out to form the emission tip of the field emission illumination device 1. The diameter of the carbon nanotubes 131 is in the range of 0.4 to 30 nanometers (nm). 1 The working pressure in the cavity 110 needs to be in the range of 1 〇 4 Pa (Pa); the applied value between the anode 112 and the cathode 13 is 6000 volts (v), and the frequency is 1 Hz (Hz). 'I degree is the pulse voltage of 2 house seconds (1115). The illumination principle of the field emission illuminating device 1 is as follows: 8 , 1303837. The carbon nanotubes 131 on the surface of the carbon nanotube wire 131 of the cathode 13 are excited by an electric field. Then, the fluorescent layer 113 is emitted from the electron 幷4, so that the fluorescent layer 113 is excited to emit visible light, and the light passes through the anode and the glass tube 111 to reach the outside, thereby achieving the effect of illumination. The cathode of the field emission illuminating device 1 of the present invention. 13 may also be in other forms, such as a plurality of carbon nanotube wires 131 wound together as a field emission cathode 33 (see the fourth figure), and a single carbon nanotube wire 131 is wound around the surface of a metal rod 132. As the field emission cathode 53 (please refer to the fifth 'figure), the plural will be entangled The root carbon nanotube wire 131 is wound around the surface of the metal rod 132 as a field emission cathode 73 (refer to FIG. 6), and a plurality of carbon nanotube wires 131 are bonded to the surface of the metal rod 132 as a field emission cathode 93 (see The seventh figure), etc. The metal rod is a material with good conductivity, and is generally copper. It is worth noting that when the carbon nanotube wire is wound or the field emission cathode is formed on the surface of the metal rod m, the nanometer is guaranteed. Carbon tube filament; [31 distribution density is in accordance with the field emission condition. See the eighth figure, which is a photograph of the physical illumination effect of the field emission illumination device 1 of the present embodiment. As can be seen from the photograph, the illumination device has a similarity to the fluorescent lamp. Very good lighting effect. It can be understood that the shape of the field emission illuminating device of the present invention is mostly determined by the shape of the anode, and may be other shapes such as a polygonal prism or a spherical shape, and is not limited to the cylindrical structure of the embodiment. Compared with the prior art, the field emission illumination device i of the embodiment adopts the principle of field emission illumination, and only undergoes the energy conversion process of the electro-optical (the electron directly excites the phosphor layer 113 to achieve the illumination effect) in the light process. The conversion efficiency is higher. In addition, this embodiment is more environmentally friendly than the prior art. In summary, the present invention has indeed met the requirements of the invention patent, and has filed a patent application according to law. However, the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art will be able to make equivalent modifications or changes in accordance with the spirit of the present invention. It should be covered by the following patent application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first drawing is a perspective sectional view of a field emission illuminating device according to an embodiment of the present invention; the second drawing is a schematic view of a drawn carbon nanotube wire; and the third drawing is a photomicrograph of a carbon nanotube wire; 4 to 7 are enlarged views of other forms of the cathode of the field emission illuminating device of the present invention. 9 1303837 is intended; and the eighth drawing is a photograph of the illuminating effect of the field emission illuminating device of the embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] Field emission illuminating device 1 Luminous tube 11 Cavity 110 Glass tube 111 Anode 112 Fluorescent layer 113 Anode terminal 12 Cathode 13, 33, 53, 73, 93 Nano carbon tube wire 131 Carbon tube 1310 metal rod 132 cathode terminal 14 sealing cover 15 carbon nanotube array 20