1276508 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明，是關於將硏磨粒投射衝突於大型零件的表面 來進行硏磨的大型零件的硏磨方法及使用於此方法的硏磨 粒。 【先前技術】 具代表性的大型零件有如蒸氣渦輪或蒸氣渦輪，特別 是動靜翼、渦輪轉子、流體通路部的零件（蒸氣閥、蒸氣 管、交叉管、渦輪入口部、出口部、噴嘴盒內部），其表 面粗度的狀態因會大大影響渦輪性能’所以需藉由硏磨改 善這些的表面狀態。 在此，大型零件是以蒸氣渦輪爲例，將其槪略結構由 第6圖及第7圖說明。 第7圖是將蒸氣渦輪整體槪略顯示的剖面圖。在渦輪 轉子1中，約百枚前後的動翼是植設在其周方向而形成翼 列的同時，此翼列，依據通過此的蒸氣的壓力及溫度，使 動翼1 a的軸方向的長度相異且相互有數列程度間隔地配 設。 一方面，在渦輪外殼2中是配設有如第6圖所示的噴嘴 隔膜3，配置於前述各翼列間。 噴嘴隔膜3，是由噴嘴隔膜內輪4及噴嘴隔膜外輪5形 成，靜翼6被挾持其間。 而且，藉由設置渦輪外殼2，在渦輪轉子1的軸方向且 -5- 1276508 (2) 在前述翼列間配設有噴嘴隔膜3的靜翼6 ° 其結果，動翼1 a及靜翼6是對於渦輪轉子1的軸方向 交互並列，由此動翼及靜翼的1組的組合而形成段落。 藉由這將種段落數段並列，而形成高壓渦輪7、中壓 渦輪8、低壓渦輪9。 接著，說明這種蒸氣渦輪的蒸氣的流動。 在第7圖，從無圖示鍋爐導入的高溫高壓的蒸氣，最 初被送出至高壓渦輪，熱能量是藉由前述各段落變換成機 械地的旋轉能量，使高壓渦輪7旋轉。 高壓渦輪7的蒸氣，再度由鍋爐內的再熱器再成爲高 溫高壓的蒸氣，導入至中壓渦輪。 在此，旋轉中壓渦輪8而產生的蒸氣，是就這樣地排 氣至交叉管1 〇並流動其內部而導入低壓渦輪9。 被導入至低壓渦輪的蒸氣，是與前述同樣，在旋轉低 壓渦輪9之後，排氣至復水器1 1，在此凝縮復水而變回水 。此復水是再度返回至鍋爐而成爲蒸氣，導入渦輪地返覆 循環。 這種結構的蒸氣渦輪，爲了提高其性能，是需要使渦 輪零件的表面粗度極少地硏磨，來下降蒸氣流動時的流路 阻力。 第8圖，是顯示蒸氣渦輪的熱効率及通路部表面粗度 的關係圖，目前的設計規格的表面粗度Ry6.3的段落的效 率爲1 〇 〇的情況時，進一步改善表面粗度時的段落效率。 從此圖可了解，藉由讓通過由動翼及靜翼所構成的段 -6- 1276508 (3) 落內的蒸氣的部分更平滑地精整，就可獲得比目前約85% 的效率改善。 目前，由各式各樣的手段，雖進行蒸氣渦輪的效率改 善進一步進行發電效率的改善用的技術開發的，但是不需 要這種大的設計變更或機器的改造的方法是受到屬目被， 已經在實機被開始適用。 但是，例如動翼1根是超過1 m等，其形狀非常複雜， 因爲必需硏磨狭隘的部分，所以自動化或機械化困難。 因此，習知的渦輪零件的硏磨作業，是由壓縮空氣或 電動的砂輪機等的旋轉工具、或者是具硏磨效果的液體、 紙、布、化學纖維等的拋光輪硏磨，來進行手作業硏磨。 但是，在這種渦輪零件的硏磨方法中，需要很多的成 本及時間。 最近的被硏磨材的硏磨方法，是有藉由壓縮空氣投射 陶瓷系的投射材來硏磨被硏磨構件的表面的噴砂法。 但是，此噴砂法，對於投射範圍全域，表面的洗淨、 膜等的除去的處理雖可能，但是加工性佳的反面，表面的 減肉量多的話，表面粗度會悪化，且有灰塵等的環境的問 題。特別是如渦輪零件的表面粗度，要精整成Ry6.3或是 Ra] .0以下的表面粗度是非常困難的。 一方面，對於蒸氣渦輪是在每固定期間進行定期檢點 ，此時是檢查高溫的蒸氣通過的內部的動翼1a或靜翼6的 部分。 在這種蒸氣中，包含微量的氧化水垢的不純物，其會 -7- 1276508 (4) 隨著長期運轉而堆積在前述動翼1a或靜翼6。因此氧化皮 膜是多附著於其表面。 而且，這些的氧化水垢或氧化皮膜，是會使定期檢點 時進行的非破壞檢查的精度顯著低下。即，非破壞檢查， 因爲是將液體從表面浸透至內部，或照射X線或超音波 等從內部的反射波等檢查內部的狀態，成爲內部資訊的窗 的表面的粗度的狀態差的話，這些內部的資訊會由表面打 亂，使檢查精度低下。 因此，在定期檢點時的檢查中，一定需將這些氧化水 垢或氧化皮膜除去後再進行，爲了使其表面粗度極少而需 進行手作業。因此耗費時間及勞力，且人手作業的表面的 粗度的程度相異，檢查精度也不一定佳。 進一步，附著於上述動翼1 a及靜翼6的氧化水垢等， 因爲會變化設計時的翼剖面形狀，所以蒸氣渦輪的性能也 會低落。因此，在定期檢點時，雖會進行這些的氧化水垢 等剝取得作業，但是特別是翼之後緣端因爲是非常地薄的 構造，所在上述噴砂法中反而會增加變形。 但是，工件表面的硏削方法，在由彈力性的多孔質的 植物纖維構成的擔體，將包含於植物纖維的脂肪分或是糖 分作爲粘接劑附著於硏削粉的砥粒，混合硏削液並從傾斜 多數噴射並與工件表面衝突，一邊將擔體塑性變形一邊使 上述砥粒滑動於工件表面，藉由硏削粉將工件表面精整（ 例如，有專利第2 95 7492號公報）。 1276508 (5) 【發明內容】 但是，在此硏削方法中’雖適合如齒科補綴物的小型 的工件硏磨中，但是如渦輪零件的大形，且蒸氣流入的特 性上，其形狀非常複雜，硏磨狭隘的部分的表面是困難的 〇 本發明的目的，是提供一種使硏磨困難的包含渦輪零 件的狭隘部、嵌合部的表面硏磨可能，且不會悪化表面硏 磨，將表面的氧化皮膜除去可能，可以達成非破壞檢查的 品質提高的是大型零件的硏磨方法及使用於此方法的硏磨 粒。 第1發明，是大型零件的硏磨方法，其特徵爲：藉由 將使作爲硏磨材的投射添付於砥粒材的周圍或是分散於此 投射材的內部的0.1mm以上10.0mm以下的粒狀體的硏磨 粒，以分速600m以上3 8 00m以下且單位面積成爲5〜 3 00cm3/Cm2.seC的量地吹附於被硏磨面，使前述硏磨粒與 此被硏磨面衝突，並藉由滑動而使添付或是分散於前述硏 磨粒的砥粒硏磨前述硏磨面。 第2發明，如第1發明的大型零件的硏磨方法，其中， 前述投射材，是由比重爲〇·5〜1 ·8Χ 1 (T3kg/cm3、彈性率爲 10〜200kg/cm3的合成纖維、合成樹脂、合成橡膠等所形 成的石油化學系高分子材料或是天然橡膠、植物性纖維、 由植物性種子等形成的天然素材所構成。 第3發明，如第1或2發明的大型零件的硏磨方法，其 中，前述硏磨粒’是對於被硏磨面的法線方向從3 〇。〜8 〇 -9- 1276508 (6) 。的方向吹附。 第4發明，是如第1發明的大型零件的硏磨方法，其中 ，前述砥粒，是 SiC、Si〇2、Al2〇3、21〇2的任一。 第5發明，是如第1或2發明的大型零件的硏磨方法， 其中，投射材及砥粒，前述投射材及前述砥粒，是至少由 氯、硫酸、二氧化矽、硼、鐵、銅、鎳、鉻、鈷以外的成 分所構成。 第6發明，使用於第2發明的大型零件的硏磨方法的硏 磨粒，其特徵爲：前述硏磨粒，是由：在成爲核的投射材 的周圍添付此投射材本身具有粘接力的作爲硏磨材的砥粒 、及在此投射材周圍塗抹具有彈性的接合材並藉此添付作 爲硏磨材的砥粒、及在此投射材內將硏磨材砥粒分散添付 的任一的方法所形成。 第7發明，是如第6發明的使用於大型零件的硏磨方法 的硏磨粒，其中，前述砥粒，是SiC、Si02、Al2〇3、Zr02 的任一。 第8發明，是如第6發明的使用於大型零件的硏磨方法 的硏磨粒，其中，前述投射材及前述砥粒，是至少由氯、 硫酸、二氧化矽、硼、鐵、銅、鎳、鉻、鈷以外的成分所 構成。 本發明，是將硏磨困難的包含大型零件的狭隘部、嵌 合部表面硏磨可能，且不會悪化表面硏磨面，可除去成長 於表面的氧化皮膜，而可達成非破壞檢查的品質提高。 1276508 (7) 【實施方式】 第1圖，是本發明所使用的硏磨粒的剖面構造圖。 硏磨粒1 1 0，是在中心配置成爲芯的投射材1 1 1，在其 周圍添付硏磨材砥粒]1 2。 第2圖是將本硏磨方法的特徵槪略地顯示的圖。 硏磨粒1 1 0，對於被硏磨面1 1 3有角度地被吹附至被硏 磨面1 1 3並衝突，硏磨粒1 1 〇是一邊彈性變形一邊在其表面 上極短時間滑行。 而且，再度對於硏磨面113有角度地濺離。 滑行於此被硏磨面1 1 3上時，添付於硏磨粒1 1 〇的表面 的砥粒1 1 2會硏磨被硏磨面1 1 3。從此原理，作爲硏磨粒 1 1 0的芯的投射材1 11，只要是比被硏磨面的材質軟，吹附 至被硏磨面1 1 3時可具有適度彈性地反彈的話，基本上材 質不問。 但是，本發明的對象的被硏磨材，是以大型的零件爲 對象，如其具代表的蒸氣渦輪的構成零件，如動翼、靜翼 、轉子、蒸氣閥、大口徑的蒸氣配管類等。 而且’這些的零件的硏磨作業，非放在手邊或是手持 地進行硏磨作業，一般是移動硏磨機器到有零件處爲止， 或載置於大型的作業台上進行硏磨作業。 因此，在本發明中，從先前的硏磨原理的關係，前述 硏磨粒從硏磨機器至被硏磨面爲止若無一定能量的話，完 全無法進行硏磨作業。 即，硏磨粒的比重是大者及小者相同速度吹附的情況 -11 - 1276508 (8) 時，因爲硏磨粒的比重愈大，運動能量是愈大而可飛行較 遠，可將被硏磨面設定較遠，且被硏磨面的速度不易落下 而可有效率地硏磨。 一方面，比重小者，會因空氣阻力等，到達距離短在 被硏磨面的速度也低下，爲了可以進行有效率的硏磨作業 ，需要接近被硏磨面。 在此，發明人等爲了發現本發明的硏磨方法的最適合 的投射材的物性値，而進行以下的實驗。 即，由投射材的初速爲1 4 5 0m/mim，投射距離（gp， 被硏磨面爲止的距離）爲1 2 0 0 m m，比重0 · 5的發泡尿院及比 重1.7的聚鹽化亞乙烯，調查其硏磨效果。 其結果，此範圍的比重的話，硏磨效果良好。即，其 以上的比重的話，硏磨過度，反而表面變粗，一方面其以 下的比重的話，在被硏磨面的投射材的速度低下，而無法 獲得滿足的硏磨。 在此，在本發明中將投射材的比重限定爲0.5〜 1·8 g/c m3 〇 接著，也對於：朝被硏磨面的衝突時的變形量（即被 硏磨面的扁平率）、滑行於被硏磨面的時間、與被硏磨面 衝突後反彈程度等的彈性率，進行有關實驗。 較佳的投射材的彈性率，是依存於：對於給與其投射 材運動能量的影響（速度依存性）、及被硏磨面上的滑動時 所產生的摩擦熱的影響（溫度依存性）的2點，與被硏磨面 快速度衝突的情況時是低彈性率者，而被硏磨面的滑動時 -12- 1276508 (9) 溫度高的情況中高彈性率者，會顯示良好的硏磨効率。 且，此速度依存性及溫度依存性雖會相互影響，但是 發明人等實驗的結果，發現速度依存性是較溫度依存性更 會硏磨效果影響。 即，投射距離固定、被投射速度（初速）爲60 Om/mi η的 話，即使彈性率200kg/cm2程度的較硬質，硏磨效果也較 佳’ 一方面，提（¾至投射速度（初速）3 8 0 0 m / m i η的話，即 使彈性率lOkg/cm2程度的軟質，硏磨效果也較佳。 在此，本發明的投射材的彈性率，是限定成1 0〜 200kg/cm2的範圍。 本發明的投射材，是基本上具有彈性的話，皆使用可 能。 因此，從上述實驗的結果，多使用於工業的石油化學 系高分子材料，即，上述實驗所使用的發泡聚胺基甲酸乙 酯或聚鹽化亞乙烯、軟質氯乙烯等的合成樹脂、合成纖維 、合成橡膠等，或具有彈性的天然素材，例如軟化米粒、 絲瓜、海綿、明膠等。 對於本發明的硏磨方法因爲使用硏磨粒進行硏削，所 以與使用相同硏磨粒進行比較的情況，在進行硏磨効率更 高的硏磨作業的情況，投射速度（初速）是同一的話，硏磨 粒的噴射量多且單位時間及單位面積所衝突的硏磨粒的量 較多的一方’且’相同量的硏磨粒時投射速度是較快的一 方’是可有效率地硏磨。 在此’發明人等是爲了發現此投射速度（初速）的最適 -13- 1276508 (10) 値，而進行實驗。 第3圖，是顯示有關本發明的硏磨方法的最適合的投 射速度（初速）的實驗的結果。 圖中，縱軸是硏磨後的被硏磨面的表面粗度，橫軸是 投射材的投射速度（初速）。而且，縱軸的Ry = 6.3是現狀的 蒸氣渦輪零件的設計時的表面粗度容許値，此値以下的話 ，性能上無問題。 從此圖可了解，投射速度（初速）600m/seC未滿的話， 未見表面粗度的改善。此速度，是與使用習知的硏削作業 的陶瓷砥石的內面硏削時的下限周速一致，且即使本發明 的硏磨方法，也無法獲得顯著的硏削效果。 一方面，在投射速度（初速）3800m/Sec以上時，表面 粗度的改善效果是到達限度。此速度，雖是習知的螺栓硏 削或溝硏削所使用的彈性砥石的周速的幾乎上限値’但是 在本發明的硏磨方法中，在此速度下考慮投射材會造成被 硏磨面破壞或投射裝置的構造的話，3、0⑽m/sec幾乎是 上限。 在此，在本發明中’投射材的投射速度（初速）是限定 爲 600〜3800m/ sec 〇 投射量的體積，是依據被硏磨物的形狀、投射距離、 硏磨粒的密度而大變化° 窄隙部的微小領域的硏磨中’減少投射量’縮小的投 射速度，由5cc/cm2.sec程度進行硏磨。 進行比較寬領域的硏磨的情況時’可確保3 0 0 c c /c m 2 -14- 1276508 (11) .sec的投射量的話，是非常有效率。 基本上，被硏磨物是小的零件的情況，硏磨領域是狹 窄的情況時，增大投射速度並縮小投射量地進行硏磨，擔 心由硏磨所產生的變形的情況時，縮小的投射速度並增大 投射量地進行硏磨。 投射距離大的情況時，使用比重的大的硏磨粒，硏磨 效果較大。 從以上的結果，硏磨粒的比重雖變化，但是在本實施 例中特定爲單位面積5〜300cc/cm2.sec。 如此將由具有彈性的比重爲〇 . 5〜1 · 8 g/cm3，彈性率爲 10〜200kg/cm2的石油化學系高分子材料（合成纖維、合成 樹脂、合成橡膠），或是具有彈性的天然素材（天然橡膠、 植物性纖維、植物性種子）的投射材及砥粒構成的硏磨粒 ，以分速600m以上3 8 0 0 m以下的速度且單位面積5〜 300cc/cm2.sec的體積量投射，藉由衝突，可以提高被硏 磨材的表面的表面粗度。 接著，本發明的第2實施例，是說明使用於本發明的 硏磨方法的硏磨粒的製出。 成爲第1圖所示的硏磨粒1 1 0的芯投射材1 1 1的物性値 ’是所使用如上述石油化學系局分子材料，即，上述實驗 所使用的發泡聚胺基甲酸乙酯或聚鹽化亞乙烯等的合成樹 脂、合成纖維、合成橡膠等，或具有彈性的天然素材，例 如軟化米粒、絲瓜、海綿、明膠等。 而且，雖在這些的投射材1 1 ]的周圍添付（附與）作爲 -15- 1276508 (12) 硏磨材的砥粒形成硏磨粒，但是其添付的方法，在本發明 中有下述4個方法。 第1硏磨粒，是利用使用於投射材1 π的材料其本身所 具有的粘接性。即，投射材1 1 ]是添加如酞酸酯的可塑材 的軟質氯乙烯的情況時，其本身因具有接合性、粘接性， 所以利用其將砥粒添付（附與）於此投射材]1〗的周圍。 第2硏磨粒，是對於投射材1 1 1所使用的高分子材料無 接合性、粘接性的情況，是適用於通常的塑膠材料全般的 方法。在這種情況中，在投射材1 1 1的周圍使用具有彈性 的接合材並添付於砥粒。 具代表性的具有這種彈性的接合材，有木工用黏，結齊5J 的1種的酢酸乙烯樹脂乳劑接合材。其硬化後呈半透明的 外觀且具有充分的彈性。 其他如尿烷系、乳劑系、合成橡膠系的接合材或含有 矽聚合物的接合材也適用可能。 且，工業上被廣泛使用的砥石的結合材的彈性黏結劑 的橡膠黏結劑、樹脂型黏結劑、蟲膠黏結劑、聚乙綠醇黏 結劑也可以適用。 第3硏磨粒’是物理地將砥粒投錨於投射材]n，使用 靜電力附與（添付）的方法。 第4硏磨粒，是使投射材1 1 ]由合成橡膠或天然橡膠、 合成纖維或植物纖維等的材料所構成的情況。 在上述第1至第3硏磨粒中，砥粒雖只添付於投射材 ]]1的周圍，但是在第4硏磨粒中，製作硏磨粒時可簡單將 -16- 1276508 (13) 砥粒分散至投射材1 Π的內部。 而且，即使本發明的硏磨方法的這些第1硏磨粒至第4 硏磨粒的任一，皆並非將其硏磨效果移到投射材111 ’而 是移到其周圍或是分散於內部的砥粒。 進一步，在本發明的硏磨方法中，並非使用習知的硏 削液等，只在硏磨粒的乾燥狀態下進行硏磨作業爲其特徵 。藉由不使用硏削液，如上述第2硏磨粒，使用怕水分的 接合材的砥粒的投射材的添付（附與）可能。 由上述方法所製出的硏磨粒的大小，是依據於被硏磨 面的狀況適宜選擇可能。 但是，如上述本發明的硏磨方法中，因將硏磨粒投射 於被硏磨面的關係，在0. 1 mm以下的硏磨粒中，在微小領 域的硏磨中雖最適，但是因投射時空氣的阻力等的關係， 所以高速投射困難。 一方面，在I 〇 m m以上的硏磨粒中，反之給與被硏磨 面的破壞變大，且因爲投射裝置大型化而使作業性顯著下 降。 由此，在本發明中，硏磨粒的大小是限定爲〇 .]〜 10.0mm。 且’硏磨粒的形狀，硏磨原理上雖希望接近球狀，但 疋在貫質上只要是粒狀的話，工業上皆充分適用可能。 進一步，添付於作爲芯的投射材的周圍的砥粒材質， 是只要是氧化物系陶瓷、碳化物系陶瓷、鑽石等的高硬度 的話’基本上雖皆適用可能，但是在此選用工業上廣泛被 -17 - 1276508 (14) 使用的 SiC、Si02、A1203、Zr02。 在上述第1至第4硏磨粒，製出硏磨效果的投射材表面 的砥粒，是藉由硏磨施工中的連續的噴射、衝突而從投射 材表面漸漸地脫落。此砥粒的脫落所起因的硏磨效果的下 降，藉由將砥粒再度附與於投射材表面，就可充分再生。 然而，硏磨粒的大小、形狀的範圍及其化學成分如以 下也可以。 第1至第4硏磨粒的大小，對於形狀，是微小領域硏磨 用的0.2mm至5.0mm的範圍的粒狀，對於化學成分，投射 材是不含：將砥粒的化學成分由原子力機器厳格管理的氯 、硫酸、二氧化矽、硼、鐵、銅、鎳、鉻、鈷也可以。 藉由這種尺寸、形狀及化學成分構成的硏磨粒，也可 以適用於原子力機器。 進一步，前述第1實施例或是第2實施例的大型零件的 硏磨方法中，依據作爲被硏磨對象物的大型零件的表面狀 態、表面硬度、表面粗度來改變前述第1至第4硏磨粒的砥 粒，使階段地改善表面粗度也可以。 由習知的手法鏡面硏磨的情況時，使用粗粒度進行粗 硏磨，漸漸地使砥粒粒度變細來改善表面粗度。即使本實 施例，可藉由硏磨粒的選擇來控制硏磨後的表面粗度層級 。因此，需要改變附與於投射材的砥粒，或者是準備多種 類已附與不同砥粒的硏磨粒。 接著說明本發明的第3實施例。 本實施例，對於使用前述的第1實施例及第2實施例所 -18 - 1276508 (15) 說明的硏磨粒1 1 0的大型零件的硏磨方法，藉由對於被硏 磨面法線方向從3 0 °〜8 0 °的角度方向將硏磨粒1 1 0投射 ，使提高被硏磨面的表面粗度。 本發明的硏磨方法是如上述，因爲利用藉由將硏磨粒 投射於被硏磨面，其衝突時只有極短時間硏磨粒會滑動於 被硏磨面，所以被硏磨面及硏磨粒的投射角度，對於硏磨 效果影響很大。 第4圖，是顯示硏磨粒的投射角度（被硏磨面的法線角 度）及單位時間投射後的表面粗度的關係。 由此圖可知，法線角度愈大的情況，即被對於硏磨面 ，硏磨粒是從愈接近接線方向的角度投射，其表面粗度的 改善效果是愈大。 這是因爲，硏磨粒是愈接近被硏磨面的接線，在其表 面滑動的時間愈長。相反地角度過大的話，投射時的硏磨 粒的能量，只朝滑動方向工作，對於被硏磨面方向幾乎不 工作，而不易獲得硏磨效果。 一方面，法線角度小的情況，即對於被硏磨面，硏磨 粒是從接近垂直方向的角度投射的情況時，硏磨粒的滑動 時間會變短。且，投射時的硏磨粒的能量，是對於非被硏 磨面的面方向過度工作，在滑動方向因爲幾乎不工作，所 以硏磨粒幾乎不會滑動於被硏磨面。其結果，不易獲得被 由添付（附與）於硏磨粒外周的砥粒所產生的硏磨效果。 在發明人等的實驗中，在法線方向角度4 5。〜8 0。確 認充分的硏磨效果，考慮實際具有3次元形狀的大型零件 -19- 1276508 (16) 的硏磨作業的話，硏磨粒的投射方向不一定也如上述效果 的角度。 因此，在本發明的硏磨方法中，雖多少硏磨效果是悪 化，但是將可充分改善現狀的表面粗度的法線方向角度 3 0°〜8 0°定爲硏磨粒的投射角度。 接著，藉由前述第1實施例至第3實施例的硏磨方法， 說明硏磨：具代表性的大型零件的氣體渦輪或蒸氣渦輪零 件，特別是供長期間運轉，其表面粗度悪化的渦輪的動靜 翼、渦輪轉子及蒸氣或燃燒氣體等的流體流通路部的零件 (蒸氣閥、蒸氣配管、交叉管、渦輪入口部、出口部、噴 嘴盒內部）的情況的效果。 在渦輪零件的硏磨中，其目的是除去附著生成於對象 物表面的水垢或是氧化物的同時，回復並提高表面粗度。 如前述動靜翼、轉子、燃燒氣體或蒸氣通路部的零件 的多數，運轉中是曝露在高溫高壓的蒸氣或氣體，而在表 面生成氧化皮膜，且從燃燒器或鍋爐側飛來的生鏽或髒物 也會在表面呈鱗狀附著。 這些是成爲檢點時的非破壞檢查的外亂要素，在習知 是藉由使用陶瓷系投射材的噴氣（法除去。即使習知手法 雖也可除去有害要因，但也可能悪化表面粗度。 且對於旋轉零件的，使用陶瓷系投射材的噴氣法的適 用，因爲被對象物的硏削量大，所以可能會破壞旋轉體本 體的重量平衡，實際上也有因蒸氣渦輪動翼的洗淨作業而 產生不平衡的事例。 -20- 1276508 (17) 依據前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法，可除 去包含硬質的氧化物、水垢的上述的有害要因，且不會破 壞旋轉體的平衡，可回復、提高表面粗度，健全的洗淨效 果之外也可享受硏磨效果。 且，藉由前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法， 不需將既有的蒸氣渦輪動翼從渦輪轉子拔取，在植入狀態 就可回復、提高表面粗度。 蒸氣渦輪的動翼，對於與發電機直結且將渦輪轉子旋 轉上是非常重要的工作，無關反動渦輪、衝動渦輪的型式 的不同，轉翼的表面粗度會影響渦輪性能。特別是高溫高 壓的蒸氣流通路部的表面粗度，雖對渦輪性能的影響顯著 ，但是位置於高溫高壓的蒸氣通路部的動翼（所謂高壓渦 輪），因爲有効部的曝露於蒸氣的部分短且護罩外周側的 拘束板大，所以狭隘處多，硏磨作業非常困難。 依據前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法，因爲 可以將硏磨粒以預定的角度與被硏磨對象衝突硏磨，所以 即使將動翼植入渦輪轉子的狀態，也可硏磨渦輪翼的狭隘 部。 進一步，本發明的硏磨方法，是將蒸氣渦輪的靜翼以 圓環狀的噴嘴隔膜的狀態或是將其形成半環的狀態（]8 〇 ° 位置分割的狀態），使硏磨時之後緣端的變形量是2mm以 下，氧化水垢的附著或腐蝕等經年地新設時，變得較薄白勺 後緣端部的硏磨也充分可能，而不會破壞形狀，可以回@ 、提高表面粗度。 -21 - 1276508 (18) 同樣地因爲藉由將硏磨粒以預定的角度與被硏磨對象 衝突，可以硏磨，所以作業困難的狭隘部的硏磨可能。 由此，不需分解在習知手法中困難的蒸氣渦輪靜翼的 翼面、蒸氣通路部的壁面、噴嘴隔膜及壁面嵌合部等的狭 隘部，就可進行硏磨。 一方面，藉由前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方 法，施加了耐腐食和耐摩耗塗抹的渦輪動靜翼、渦輪轉子 、其他的渦輪零件的耐腐食和耐摩耗塗抹表面的表面粗度 ，也可以回復、提高。 耐腐食塗抹，是爲了防止電、化學腐蝕環境下的母材 的腐蝕而施工，特別是多適用於供地熱發電用的蒸氣渦輪 構件。 且，耐摩耗塗抹，是爲了防止鍋爐水垢等的固體粒子 侵蝕，而滑動、衝擊、振動等所產生的機械的減厚對策， 可適用各式各樣的材質。 施工於大型零件之中特別是如渦輪零件的複雜形狀的 零件的這些的塗抹，因爲皮膜的缺陷或剥離等容易，通常 爲了回避皮膜層的破壞，對於施工後的皮膜是不進行表面 粗度的處理。 但是，依據第]實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法，因 爲由摩耗所產生的減厚量非常少，且被硏磨面的物理和機 械的影響小，所以即使複雜的形狀的塗抹的施工後的渦輪 零件也可以改善其表面粗度。 且，依據前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法， -22- 1276508 (19) 藉由硏磨粒的衝突效果可附與壓縮應力於被硏磨對象物的 極表層部。 例如，動翼的新製品零件，在習知，爲了素材的機械 加工後的形狀的最終調整及表面的硏磨，而將旋轉工具的 硏磨，對於翼有効部全面進行。 在這種習知的製作方法中，在新製動翼有効部的極表 層部會殘留拉伸的殘留應力。特別是在運轉時的動翼，因 爲由隨著渦輪轉子旋轉的離心力所產生的拉伸應力會隨時 負荷，因爲靜止時也會殘留此拉伸的殘留應力，而無多余 可應付旋轉時的應力，設計上不佳。 在前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法中，如第 5圖所示的從翼表面的深度方向的殘留應力分布，在硏磨 過程，因硏磨粒的衝突效果所以殘留應力的層級小，可將 與習知的錘擊效果相似的壓縮的殘留應力給與翼的表層部 〇 進一步’在前述第1實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法 ，除去附著、生成於被硏磨面的硬質的氧化皮膜的同時， 藉由提高表面粗度，可以提高非破壞檢查的品質。 即，供運轉的蒸氣渦輪，是在預先決定的固定期間依 據各目的進行多種多樣的非破壞檢查。其中特別是在高溫 高壓下使用的零件，是要求高度的檢查技術及精度。 但是，在現狀中，運轉中所附著、生成的硬質的氧化 皮膜的除去困難，使檢查精度有限度。 依據前述第】實施例乃至第3實施例的硏磨方法，除去 -23- 1276508 (20) 表面的氧化皮膜將的同時可提高表面粗度，結果可以達成 非破壞檢查的品質提高。 接著說明本發明的第4實施例。 在第4實施例中，由前述第1至第3實施例的硏磨方法 ，硏磨特別是具代表性的大型零件渦輪動靜翼時，對於後 緣線是從略相互垂直方向將硏磨粒投射、衝突。 依據此第4實施例，藉由在蒸氣渦輪動靜翼之後緣線 朝略相互垂直方向，即與蒸氣的流動方向平行地進行硏磨 ，可以使因硏磨所導致的微細的刮傷（硏磨痕）而讓與蒸氣 的流動方向平行的流體（蒸氣）受表面粗度的影響減至最小 限度。 因此，即使相同表面粗度，與未在後緣線以略相互垂 直方向硏磨的情況相比較，可以防止流體朝的阻力變大。 在此，說明藉由本發明的大型零件的硏磨方法硏磨蒸 氣渦輪動翼的情況的實施例。 蒸氣渦輪動翼，是由12Cr鋼的壓延或是鍛造的素材 削出動翼形狀，在最終地的階段進行表面硏磨，組裝入渦 輪轉子。此時，表面狀態是精整成Ry6.3或是Ryl.O程度 〇 習知技術的硏磨中，藉由將具有3次元曲線的葉片的 有効部沿著蒸氣的流動方向進行手硏磨將，使硏磨的表面 粗度的方向性固定。在此所指的方向性，是在測量相互垂 直的2方向的表面粗度的情況，使表面粗度成爲最大的方 向是與蒸氣的流動方向相互垂直地硏磨。β卩，使與蒸氣的 -24· 1276508 (21) 流動方向平行的硏磨所產生的刮傷（硏磨痕）存在地進行硏 磨。 本發明的大型零件的硏磨方法中，藉由可消除在習知 手法的硏磨中無法回避的硏磨刮傷（硏磨痕）’和由硏磨所 產生的被硏磨面側的減肉量減至非常小，就可進行精密且 局精度的表面硏磨。 消除硏磨刮傷（硏磨痕），是指無硏磨方向性的意思’ 可使需要高度的技術的手作業的硏磨作業的依存度大幅降 低。 且，使由硏磨所產生的被硏磨面側的減肉量減至非常 小，可使對於未進行硏磨的部分的復原簡素化。進一步， 可精密且高精度的表面硏磨，對於精密檢查前的表面處理 也有大的效果。 然而，在上述各實施例中，雖主要是以硏磨蒸氣渦輪 或氣體渦輪的主要零件的渦輪的動翼或靜翼的情況爲中心 作說明，但是本發明的硏磨方法的適用零件是不限定於此 ，是中型至大型的零件的話，無特別限定。這種零件，如 旋轉驅動機器類的車軸旋轉部、油壓機器的活塞的外表面 、鐵道車輪的軌道接觸面等。 (產業上的利用可能性） 依據本發明，將硏磨困難的包含大型零件的狭隙部、 嵌合部表面硏磨可能，且不會悪化表面硏磨面，可除去成 長於表面的氧化皮膜，而可達成非破壞檢查的品質提高。 -25- 1276508 (22) 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是說明本發明的大型零件的硏磨方法的第1及第 2實施例用的硏磨粒的槪略結構的剖面圖。 第2圖是說明使硏磨材與被硏磨面衝突來製出硏磨效 果的原理用的模式圖。 第3圖是說明本發明的大型零件的硏磨方法的第1實施 例用的投射材速度及硏磨效率的關係的圖表。 第4圖是說明本發明的大型零件的硏磨方法的第3實施 例用的投射角度及硏磨有效率的關係的圖表。 第5圖是本發明的大型零件的硏磨方法的第1乃至第3 實施例，硏磨過程中因硏磨粒的衝突所導致的.來自翼表面 的深度方向的殘留應力分布的圖表.。 第6圖是顯示蒸氣渦輪的噴嘴隔膜的一半（〗8 〇 ° )的立 體圖。 第7圖是將蒸氣渦輪設備整體槪略地顯示的剖面圖。 第8圖是顯示蒸氣渦輪的熱效率及蒸氣通路部的表面 粗度的關係的圖表。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :渦輪轉子 1 a :動翼 2 :渦輪外殼 3 :噴嘴隔膜 4 :噴嘴隔膜內輪 -26 - 1276508 (23) 5 :噴嘴隔膜外輪 6 :靜翼 7 :高壓渦輪 8 :中壓渦輪 9 :低壓渦輪 ]〇 :交叉管1276508 (1) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a honing method for honing large parts of a honing grain that collides with the surface of a large part and honing grain. [Prior Art] Representative large parts such as steam turbines or steam turbines, especially parts for hydrostatic vanes, turbine rotors, and fluid passage parts (steam valves, steam pipes, cross pipes, turbine inlets, outlets, and nozzle boxes) ), the state of its surface roughness will greatly affect the turbine performance', so it is necessary to improve these surface states by honing. Here, the large-sized parts are exemplified by a steam turbine, and the schematic structure thereof will be described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire steam turbine in abbreviated manner. In the turbine rotor 1, about one hundred front and rear moving blades are planted in the circumferential direction to form a wing row, and the wing row is oriented in the axial direction of the moving wing 1 a according to the pressure and temperature of the vapor passing therethrough. The lengths are different and are arranged at a plurality of intervals from each other. On the other hand, the turbine casing 2 is provided with a nozzle diaphragm 3 as shown in Fig. 6, and is disposed between the respective wings. The nozzle diaphragm 3 is formed by the nozzle diaphragm inner ring 4 and the nozzle diaphragm outer ring 5, and the stationary blade 6 is held therebetween. Further, by providing the turbine casing 2, the stationary vanes 6 of the nozzle diaphragm 3 are disposed between the aforementioned wing rows in the axial direction of the turbine rotor 1 and -5 - 1276508 (2). As a result, the rotor blades 1 a and the stationary blades 6 is a step in which the axial directions of the turbine rotor 1 are alternately arranged, and a combination of one set of the moving blades and the stationary blades forms a paragraph. By this, the number of paragraphs is juxtaposed to form a high pressure turbine 7, an intermediate pressure turbine 8, and a low pressure turbine 9. Next, the flow of the vapor of such a steam turbine will be described. In Fig. 7, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam introduced from the boiler (not shown) is initially sent to the high-pressure turbine, and the thermal energy is converted into mechanical rotational energy by the above-described respective paragraphs to rotate the high-pressure turbine 7. The vapor of the high pressure turbine 7 is again introduced into the intermediate pressure turbine by the reheater in the boiler and then into the high temperature and high pressure steam. Here, the steam generated by the rotation of the intermediate pressure turbine 8 is exhausted to the cross pipe 1 and flows into the low pressure turbine 9 as it flows inside. The steam introduced into the low-pressure turbine is vented to the rehydrator 1 after rotating the low-pressure turbine 9 in the same manner as described above, and is condensed and rehydrated to return water. This rehydration is returned to the boiler and becomes steam, and is introduced into the turbine to return to the circulation. In order to improve the performance of the steam turbine of such a structure, it is necessary to honing the surface roughness of the turbine parts to reduce the flow path resistance when the steam flows. Figure 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine and the surface roughness of the passage portion, and the surface roughness of the current design specification Ry6. When the efficiency of the paragraph of 3 is 1 〇 ,, the paragraph efficiency when the surface roughness is further improved. As can be seen from this figure, by smoothing the portion of the vapor falling through the section -6 - 1276508 (3) composed of the moving wing and the stationary wing, an efficiency improvement of about 85% can be obtained. At present, various techniques have been developed to improve the efficiency of the steam turbine, and the power generation efficiency has been improved. However, such a large design change or a method of reforming the machine is not required. It has been applied in real time. However, for example, the moving wing 1 is more than 1 m, etc., and its shape is very complicated, because it is necessary to honing narrow portions, so automation or mechanization is difficult. Therefore, the conventional honing operation of the turbine component is performed by a rotary tool such as a compressed air or an electric grinder, or a polishing wheel honing of a liquid, paper, cloth, chemical fiber or the like having a honing effect. Handwork honing. However, in the honing method of such a turbine component, a lot of cost and time are required. A recent honing method for a honed material is a blasting method in which a surface of a honed member is honed by projecting a projection material of a ceramic system by compressed air. However, this blasting method may be applied to the entire surface of the projection range, such as cleaning of the surface and removal of the film. However, if the surface is reduced in amount, the surface roughness may be degraded, and dust may be present. The problem of the environment. Especially for the surface roughness of turbine parts, it should be finished into Ry6. 3 or Ra]. Surface roughness below 0 is very difficult. On the one hand, the steam turbine is periodically checked every fixed period, and this is the portion of the inner moving wing 1a or the stationary blade 6 through which the high-temperature steam passes. In this vapor, an impurity containing a trace amount of oxidized scale, which is -7 - 1276508 (4), accumulates in the aforementioned moving wing 1a or stationary blade 6 with long-term operation. Therefore, the oxide film is attached to the surface thereof. Moreover, these oxidized scales or oxide films are such that the accuracy of the non-destructive inspection performed at the time of periodic inspection is remarkably lowered. In other words, the non-destructive inspection is performed by infiltrating the liquid from the surface to the inside, or by inspecting the inside state from the internal reflection wave or the like by X-rays or ultrasonic waves, and the state of the surface of the window of the internal information is poor. These internal information will be disrupted by the surface, making the inspection accuracy low. Therefore, in the inspection at the time of regular inspection, it is necessary to remove these oxidized scales or oxide films, and it is necessary to carry out hand work in order to make the surface roughness extremely small. Therefore, it takes time and labor, and the degree of the surface roughness of the manual work is different, and the inspection accuracy is not always good. Further, since the oxidized scale or the like adhering to the moving blade 1 a and the stationary blade 6 changes the blade cross-sectional shape at the time of design, the performance of the steam turbine is also lowered. Therefore, in the case of regular inspection, these oxidized scales and the like are obtained, but in particular, since the trailing edge end of the blade is a very thin structure, the above-described sand blasting method may increase the deformation. However, in the boring method of the surface of the workpiece, the fat component or the sugar contained in the plant fiber is attached to the granule of the dicing powder as a binder in the carrier composed of the elastic porous plant fiber, and mixed. The liquid is slid and sprayed from the inclined surface and collides with the surface of the workpiece, and the granule is slid on the surface of the workpiece while the support is plastically deformed, and the surface of the workpiece is finished by dicing powder (for example, Patent No. 2 95 7492) ). 1276508 (5) [Summary of the Invention] However, in this boring method, it is suitable for small workpiece honing such as dental patching, but the shape of the turbine component is very large, and the shape of the vapor is very large. It is difficult to honing the surface of the narrow portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface honing of the narrow portion and the fitting portion of the turbine component which is difficult to honing, and which does not deteriorate the surface honing. It is possible to remove the oxide film on the surface, and it is possible to achieve a quality improvement of the non-destructive inspection, a honing method for a large-sized part, and a honing grain using the method. According to a first aspect of the invention, a honing method for a large-sized component is characterized in that the projection as a honing material is added to the periphery of the enamel pellet or dispersed inside the projection material. 1mm or more 10. The honing grain of the granular body of 0 mm or less is divided into a speed of 600 m or more and 3 800 m or less and a unit area of 5 to 300 cm 3 /cm 2 . The amount of seC is blown to the surface to be honed, and the honing grain collides with the honed surface, and the honing surface which is added or dispersed in the honing grain is honed by sliding. According to a second aspect of the invention, in the honing method of the large-sized component according to the first aspect of the invention, the projection material is a synthetic fiber having a specific gravity of 〇·5 〜1·8 Χ 1 (T3 kg/cm 3 and an elastic modulus of 10 to 200 kg/cm 3 ). A petrochemical polymer material formed of a synthetic resin or a synthetic rubber, or a natural rubber, a vegetable fiber, or a natural material formed of a plant seed or the like. The third invention is a large part according to the first or second invention. The honing method, wherein the aforementioned honing grain 'is blown in the direction from the normal direction of the honed surface from 3 〇.~8 〇-9-1276508 (6). The fourth invention is as the first In the honing method of the large-sized component of the invention, the ruthenium particles are any one of SiC, Si 〇 2, Al 2 〇 3, and 21 〇 2, and the fifth invention is the honing of the large-sized part according to the first or second invention. In the method, the projection material and the ruthenium particles, the projection material and the ruthenium particles are composed of at least components other than chlorine, sulfuric acid, cerium oxide, boron, iron, copper, nickel, chromium, and cobalt. The honing grain used in the honing method of the large-sized component of the second invention is characterized in that: The honing grain is obtained by adding a granule as a honing material to which the projection material itself has an adhesive force around the projection material to be a core, and applying a flexible bonding material around the projection material The granule of the honing material and the method of dispersing and adding the honing material granules in the projecting material. The seventh invention is the honing method for the honing method for the large-sized part according to the sixth invention. The granules of any one of SiC, SiO 2 , Al 2 〇 3, and Zr02, wherein the ninth invention is a honing granule used in a honing method for a large-sized part according to the sixth aspect of the invention, wherein the projection material And the cerium particles are composed of at least components other than chlorine, sulfuric acid, cerium oxide, boron, iron, copper, nickel, chromium, and cobalt. The present invention is a narrow portion including large parts that is difficult to honing The surface of the joint may be honed, and the surface honing surface will not be degraded, and the oxide film grown on the surface can be removed, and the quality of the non-destructive inspection can be improved. 1276508 (7) [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is the present invention. Cross-sectional structure of the honing particles used The honing grain 1 1 0 is a projection material 1 1 1 which is disposed at the center as a core, and a honing material 砥 granule 1 2 is added around the granule 1 2 0. Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing the characteristics of the honing method The honing grain 1 10 0 is angularly blown to the honed surface 1 1 3 by the honing surface 1 1 3 and collides, and the honing grain 1 1 〇 is elastically deformed while being extremely short on the surface thereof. At the same time, the honing surface 113 is again splashed off at an angle. When sliding on the honed surface 1 1 3, the granules 1 1 2 added to the surface of the honing grain 1 1 硏 will be honed The honing surface 1 1 3 . From this principle, the projection material 11 as the core of the honing grain 1 10 0 is softer than the material of the honed surface, and can be moderately attached to the surface to be honed 1 1 3 If you rebound elastically, basically the material is not asked. However, the honed material to be used in the present invention is a component of a large-sized component, such as a steam turbine, such as a moving blade, a stationary blade, a rotor, a steam valve, or a large-diameter steam pipe. Moreover, the honing operation of these parts is carried out at the hand or hand-held, usually by moving the honing machine to the part where it is placed, or by placing it on a large work table for honing work. Therefore, in the present invention, from the previous honing principle, if the honing grain has no energy until it is honed from the honing machine, the honing operation cannot be performed at all. That is, the specific gravity of the honing grain is the same as that of the big one and the small one. -11 - 1276508 (8), because the greater the specific gravity of the honing grain, the larger the kinetic energy, the longer it can fly. The honed surface is set farther, and the speed of the honed surface is not easy to fall and can be efficiently honed. On the one hand, the smaller the specific gravity, the lower the reach distance due to the air resistance, and the lower the speed of the honed surface. In order to perform efficient honing work, it is necessary to approach the honed surface. Here, the inventors conducted the following experiment in order to find the physical properties of the most suitable projecting material of the honing method of the present invention. That is, the initial velocity of the projection material is 1 4 50 m/mim, the projection distance (gp, the distance from the honing surface) is 1 2 0 0 m m, and the specific gravity of 0·5 is 1. 7 poly-salted vinylene to investigate its honing effect. As a result, the honing effect is good when the specific gravity of this range is exceeded. In other words, if the specific gravity is more than the above, the surface is thickened, and on the other hand, if the specific gravity is below, the speed of the projection material on the surface to be honed is lowered, and the satisfactory honing cannot be obtained. Here, in the present invention, the specific gravity of the projecting material is limited to 0. 5~1·8 g/c m3 〇 Next, it is also: the amount of deformation at the time of collision with the honed surface (ie, the flattening rate of the honed surface), the time of sliding on the surface to be honed, and the honing The elastic rate of the degree of rebound after the conflict, and related experiments. The elastic modulus of a preferred projecting material depends on the influence (velocity dependence) on the kinetic energy of the projecting material and the frictional heat generated during sliding on the honing surface (temperature dependence). 2 points, when the speed is in conflict with the surface being rubbed, it is low elastic rate, and when the surface is slid by -12- 1276508 (9), the high modulus of elasticity in the case of high temperature will show good honing. effectiveness. Moreover, although this speed dependency and temperature dependence affect each other, the results of experiments conducted by the inventors have found that speed dependence is more affected by temperature dependence than temperature dependence. In other words, if the projection distance is fixed and the projection speed (initial velocity) is 60 Om/mi η, even if the elastic modulus is about 200 kg/cm2, the honing effect is better. On the one hand, (3⁄4 to the projection speed (initial velocity)) When the elastic modulus is about 10 kg / cm 2 , the honing effect is better. The elastic modulus of the projecting material of the present invention is limited to a range of 10 to 200 kg/cm 2 . The projection material of the present invention is basically elastic, and is therefore likely to be used. Therefore, from the results of the above experiments, it is often used in industrial petrochemical-based polymer materials, that is, the foamed polyamine groups used in the above experiments. a synthetic resin such as ethyl formate or polysaturated vinylene, soft vinyl chloride, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, or the like, or a natural material having elasticity, such as softened rice, loofah, sponge, gelatin, etc. The honing method of the present invention In the case of honing using the honing granules, in the case of honing work with higher honing efficiency, if the projection speed (initial velocity) is the same, When the amount of honing particles is large and the amount of honing particles per unit time and unit area conflicts is larger, and the projection speed of the same amount of honing particles is faster, it is efficient. Here, the inventor conducted experiments in order to find the optimum -13,276,508 (10) 此 of this projection speed (initial velocity). Fig. 3 is a view showing the most suitable projection speed for the honing method of the present invention. The result of the experiment of (initial velocity). In the figure, the vertical axis is the surface roughness of the honed surface after honing, and the horizontal axis is the projection velocity (initial velocity) of the projection material. Moreover, the vertical axis Ry = 6. 3 is the current situation. The surface roughness of the design of the steam turbine parts is allowed to be 値. If the following is true, there is no problem in performance. From this figure, it can be understood that if the projection speed (initial velocity) of 600 m/seC is not full, no improvement in surface roughness is observed. This speed is the same as the lower limit peripheral speed at the time of internal boring of the ceramic vermiculite using the conventional boring operation, and even if the honing method of the present invention, a remarkable boring effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the projection speed (initial velocity) is 3800 m/sec or more, the effect of improving the surface roughness is the limit of reaching. This speed is almost the upper limit of the peripheral speed of the elastic vermiculite used in conventional bolt boring or grooving. However, in the honing method of the present invention, the projection material is considered to be honed at this speed. In the case of the surface damage or the construction of the projection device, 3, 0 (10) m/sec is almost the upper limit. Here, in the present invention, the projection speed (initial velocity) of the projection material is a volume limited to 600 to 3800 m/sec 〇 projection amount, which varies greatly depending on the shape of the honed object, the projection distance, and the density of the honing particles. ° The narrowing of the tiny area of the narrow gap is reduced by the 'projection amount' and the projection speed is reduced by 5cc/cm2. The degree of sec is honed. When performing a relatively wide field of honing, '3' 0 c c / c m 2 -14 - 1276508 (11) is ensured. The projection amount of sec is very efficient. Basically, when the object to be honed is a small part, when the field of honing is narrow, the projection speed is increased and the amount of projection is reduced, and the deformation is caused by the honing. Honing is performed by projecting the speed and increasing the amount of projection. When the projection distance is large, the use of large honing particles with a large specific gravity results in a large honing effect. From the above results, the specific gravity of the honing particles varies, but in the present embodiment, the specific area is 5 to 300 cc/cm2. Sec. So will be made of elastic specific gravity. 5 to 1 · 8 g/cm3, a petrochemical polymer material (synthetic fiber, synthetic resin, synthetic rubber) having an elastic modulus of 10 to 200 kg/cm2, or a natural material having elasticity (natural rubber, vegetable fiber, The projection material of the plant seed and the honing grain composed of the granules are at a speed of 600 m or more and 3 800 m or less and a unit area of 5 to 300 cc/cm 2 . The volume of sec is projected, and by collision, the surface roughness of the surface of the material to be honed can be increased. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will explain the production of honing granules used in the honing method of the present invention. The physical properties of the core projecting material 1 1 1 which becomes the honing grain 1 1 0 shown in Fig. 1 are the molecular materials used in the above-mentioned petrochemical system, that is, the foamed polyurethane for use in the above experiment. A synthetic resin such as an ester or a polysaturated vinylene, a synthetic fiber, a synthetic rubber, or the like, or a natural material having elasticity, such as softened rice, loofah, sponge, gelatin, or the like. Further, although the granules as the -15-1276508 (12) honing material are added (attached) around the projection material 1 1 ] to form honing granules, the method of adding them is as follows in the present invention. 4 methods. The first abrasive grain is an adhesive property of the material used for the projection material 1 π itself. In other words, when the projection material 1 1 ] is a soft vinyl chloride to which a plastic material such as phthalic acid ester is added, since it has adhesiveness and adhesiveness, it is added (attached) to the projection material by using the projection material 1 1 . ]1〗 around. The second abrasive grain is a method in which the polymer material used for the projection material 11 is not bonded or adhesive, and is a general method suitable for a general plastic material. In this case, a resilient bonding material is used around the projection material 1 1 1 and added to the crucible. A typical joint material having such elasticity is a citric acid vinyl emulsion joint material which is bonded to woodwork and is 5J. It has a translucent appearance and is sufficiently elastic after hardening. Other joint materials such as urethane type, emulsion type, and synthetic rubber type or a joint material containing a ruthenium polymer are also applicable. Further, a rubber binder, a resin type binder, a shellac binder, and a polyglycolic acid binder of an elastic binder of a combination of vermiculite which is widely used in the industry can also be applied. The third abrasive grain ' is a method of physically anchoring the granules to the projection material] n and attaching (adding) using an electrostatic force. The fourth abrasive grain is a case where the projection material 1 1 ] is composed of a material such as synthetic rubber, natural rubber, synthetic fiber or plant fiber. In the above-mentioned first to third abrasive grains, although the granules are only added to the periphery of the projection material]]1, in the fourth honing abrasive grains, it is possible to easily -16-1276508 (13) when preparing the honing particles. The granules are dispersed into the interior of the projection material 1 。. Further, even if any of the first honing particles to the fourth honing particles of the honing method of the present invention does not move the honing effect to the projecting material 111', it is moved around or dispersed inside. The granules. Further, in the honing method of the present invention, it is not a conventional boring liquid or the like, and it is characterized in that the honing operation is performed only in the dry state of the honing particles. It is possible to use the addition (attachment) of the projection material of the granules of the squeezing material of the squeezing material of the squeezing material. The size of the honing granules produced by the above method is appropriately selected depending on the condition of the honed surface. However, in the honing method of the present invention as described above, the relationship between the honing particles and the surface to be honed is 0. Among the honing grains of 1 mm or less, although it is optimum in the honing of the small area, it is difficult to project at a high speed due to the relationship between the resistance of the air during projection and the like. On the other hand, in the honing grain of I 〇 m m or more, the damage to the honed surface is increased, and the workability is remarkably lowered due to the enlargement of the projection device. Thus, in the present invention, the size of the honing particles is limited to 〇. ]~ 10. 0mm. Moreover, the shape of the honing grain is expected to be close to a spherical shape in the honing principle, but it is industrially applicable as long as it is granular. Further, the material of the ruthenium which is added to the periphery of the projection material as the core is basically applicable as long as it is high hardness such as an oxide ceramic, a carbide ceramic, or a diamond, but it is widely used in the industry. SiC, SiO2, A1203, Zr02 used by -17 - 1276508 (14). In the first to fourth abrasive grains, the granules on the surface of the projection material on which the honing effect is produced are gradually detached from the surface of the projection material by continuous spraying and collision during honing. The honing effect caused by the detachment of the granules is sufficiently regenerated by attaching the granules to the surface of the projection material again. However, the size and shape of the honing particles and their chemical compositions may be as follows. The size of the first to fourth 硏 abrasive grains, for the shape, is a small field honing. 2mm to 5. Particles in the range of 0mm, for the chemical composition, the projection material is not included: chlorine, sulfuric acid, cerium oxide, boron, iron, copper, nickel, chromium, cobalt may be used to control the chemical composition of the cerium particles by the atomic force machine. . The honing particles composed of such size, shape and chemical composition can also be applied to an atomic force machine. Further, in the honing method for the large-sized component of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the first to fourth aspects are changed depending on the surface state, the surface hardness, and the surface roughness of the large-sized component to be honed. It is also possible to temper the granules of the granules to improve the surface roughness in stages. In the case of mirror honing by a conventional technique, coarse honing is performed using a coarse particle size, and the granule size is gradually reduced to gradually improve the surface roughness. Even in this embodiment, the surface roughness level after honing can be controlled by the choice of honing particles. Therefore, it is necessary to change the granules attached to the projecting material, or to prepare a plurality of types of honing granules which have been attached to different granules. Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the honing method for the large-sized parts of the honing-grain 1 1 0 described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment -18 - 1276508 (15) is used for the honed surface normal The direction of the honing grain 1 1 0 is projected from the angle of 3 0 ° to 8 0 °, so that the surface roughness of the honed surface is increased. The honing method of the present invention is as described above, because by blasting the honing particles onto the surface to be honed, the granules are slid to the surface to be honed in a very short time in the event of a collision, so that the honing surface and the enamel surface are The angle of projection of the abrasive particles has a great influence on the honing effect. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the projection angle of the honing grain (the normal angle of the honed surface) and the surface roughness after the projection of the unit time. As can be seen from the figure, the larger the normal angle, that is, for the honing surface, the honing grain is projected from the angle closer to the wiring direction, and the effect of improving the surface roughness is larger. This is because the closer the honing grain is to the wire to be honed, the longer it slides on its surface. On the other hand, if the angle is too large, the energy of the honing grain at the time of projection will only work in the sliding direction, and it will hardly work in the direction of the honed surface, and it is not easy to obtain the honing effect. On the one hand, when the normal angle is small, that is, in the case where the honing grain is projected from an angle close to the vertical direction, the sliding time of the honing grain becomes short. Further, the energy of the honing particles at the time of projection is excessively applied to the surface direction of the non-finished surface, and since the sliding direction hardly works, the honing particles hardly slide on the honed surface. As a result, it is difficult to obtain the honing effect by the granules which are added (attached) to the outer periphery of the honing abrasive. In the experiment by the inventors, the angle was 45 in the normal direction. ~8 0. To confirm the full honing effect, considering the honing operation of a large part -19- 1276508 (16) having a three-dimensional shape, the projection direction of the honing grain is not necessarily the angle of the above effect. Therefore, in the honing method of the present invention, although the honing effect is enthalpy, the normal direction angle of the surface roughness of the present state is sufficiently improved from 30 ° to 80 ° as the projection angle of the honing grain. Next, the honing method of the first to third embodiments described above exemplifies a gas turbine or a steam turbine component of a representative large-sized component, in particular, for long-term operation and surface roughness reduction. The effect of the components of the fluid flow passage portion of the turbine, the turbine rotor, and the fluid flow passage portion such as steam or combustion gas (a steam valve, a steam pipe, an intersecting pipe, a turbine inlet portion, an outlet portion, and a nozzle box). In the honing of turbine parts, the purpose is to remove and increase the surface roughness while removing scale or oxide formed on the surface of the object. For example, many of the components of the static and dynamic wing, the rotor, the combustion gas, or the vapor passage portion are exposed to high-temperature and high-pressure steam or gas during operation, and an oxide film is formed on the surface, and rust or fly from the burner or the boiler side. The dirt will also adhere to the surface in a scaly shape. These are exogenous elements that are non-destructive inspections at the time of inspection, and are conventionally used as air jets by using ceramic-based projection materials. Although the harmful factors can be removed even by conventional techniques, the surface roughness may be deteriorated. In addition, the application of the jet method using a ceramic projecting material to a rotating component may cause damage to the weight balance of the rotating body by the large amount of boring of the object, and may actually cause cleaning of the steam turbine wing. -20- 1276508 (17) According to the honing method of the first embodiment or the third embodiment, the above-mentioned harmful factors including hard oxides and scales can be removed without breaking the rotation. The balance of the body can restore and improve the surface roughness, and the honing effect can be enjoyed in addition to the sound washing effect. Moreover, the honing method of the first embodiment to the third embodiment does not need to have the existing honing method. The steam turbine wing is extracted from the turbine rotor and recovers and increases the surface roughness in the implanted state. The rotor of the steam turbine is straight to the generator and rotates the turbine rotor. Often important work, regardless of the type of reaction turbine and impulsive turbine, the surface roughness of the rotor affects the turbine performance. In particular, the surface roughness of the high-temperature and high-pressure vapor flow passage portion has a significant effect on the turbine performance, but The moving blade (so-called high-pressure turbine) that is positioned in the high-temperature and high-pressure steam passage portion has a large portion of the effective portion exposed to the vapor and has a large restraint plate on the outer peripheral side of the shroud. Therefore, there are many narrow portions, and the honing operation is extremely difficult. In the honing method of the first embodiment or the third embodiment, since the honing abrasive particles can be honed at a predetermined angle against the object to be honed, the turbine can be honed even if the moving blade is implanted in the state of the turbine rotor Further, the honing method of the present invention is a state in which the static vane of the steam turbine is in a state of an annular nozzle diaphragm or a state in which a half-ring is formed ([8 〇° position), When the amount of deformation at the trailing edge of the honing is 2 mm or less, and the oxidation or scale adhesion or corrosion is newly established over the years, it is possible to make the thinner end of the trailing edge more likely. Without breaking the shape, you can go back to @ and increase the surface roughness. -21 - 1276508 (18) Similarly, because the honing particles collide with the object to be honed at a predetermined angle, it can be honed, so the work is difficult. The honing of the narrow portion is possible. Therefore, it is possible to perform the entanglement of the airfoil surface of the steam turbine stator blade, the wall surface of the steam passage portion, the nozzle diaphragm, and the wall fitting portion, which are difficult in the conventional method. On the one hand, by the honing method of the first embodiment or the third embodiment, the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant surface of the turbine moving vane, the turbine rotor, and other turbine parts to which the corrosion resistance and the abrasion resistance are applied are applied. The surface roughness can also be restored and improved. The anti-corrosion coating is applied to prevent corrosion of the base material in an electric and chemical corrosive environment, and is particularly suitable for use in a steam turbine component for geothermal power generation. The smear is applied to prevent the erosion of solid particles such as boiler scale, and various materials can be applied to the mechanical thickness reduction measures caused by sliding, impact, vibration, and the like. It is easy to apply the smear of the large-sized parts, especially the parts of the complex shape of the turbine parts, because the defects or peeling of the film are easy, and in order to avoid the damage of the film layer, the surface roughness of the film after construction is not performed. deal with. However, according to the honing method of the seventh embodiment or the third embodiment, since the amount of thickness reduction due to abrasion is extremely small and the physical and mechanical influence of the honing surface is small, even a complicated shape is applied. Turbine parts after construction can also improve the surface roughness. Further, according to the honing method of the first embodiment or the third embodiment, -22-1276508 (19) can attach a compressive stress to the surface layer portion of the object to be honed by the collision effect of the honing particles. For example, in the new product parts of the moving wing, it is conventional to perform the honing of the rotary tool for the effective part of the wing for the final adjustment of the shape of the material after machining and the honing of the surface. In this conventional manufacturing method, residual residual stress remains in the extreme surface portion of the effective portion of the new brake wing. Especially in the running wing, because the tensile stress generated by the centrifugal force rotating with the turbine rotor will be loaded at any time, because the residual residual stress will remain when it is still, and there is no excess to cope with the stress during rotation. The design is not good. In the honing method of the first embodiment to the third embodiment, the residual stress distribution in the depth direction from the wing surface as shown in Fig. 5, residual stress due to the collision effect of the honing particles during the honing process The layer is small, and the residual residual stress similar to the conventional hammering effect can be applied to the surface layer portion of the wing. Further, in the honing method of the first embodiment or the third embodiment, the adhesion is removed and generated. By honing the hard oxide film on the surface, the quality of the non-destructive inspection can be improved by increasing the surface roughness. In other words, the steam turbine to be operated is subjected to various non-destructive inspections for each purpose in a predetermined fixed period. Among them, parts used especially under high temperature and high pressure require high inspection techniques and precision. However, in the current situation, it is difficult to remove the hard oxide film adhered and formed during the operation, and the inspection accuracy is limited. According to the honing method of the above-described first to third embodiments, the oxide film on the surface of -23- 1276508 (20) can be removed while the surface roughness can be increased, and as a result, the quality of the non-destructive inspection can be improved. Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the fourth embodiment, in the honing method of the first to third embodiments described above, when honing, in particular, a representative large-sized turbine moving vane, the trailing edge line is honing the particles from the mutually perpendicular directions. Projection, conflict. According to the fourth embodiment, fine squeezing due to honing can be performed by honing the trailing edge line of the steam turbine moving vane in a direction perpendicular to each other, that is, parallel to the flow direction of the vapor. The fluid (vapor) parallel to the flow direction of the vapor is minimized by the influence of the surface roughness. Therefore, even if the same surface roughness is used, it is possible to prevent the resistance of the fluid from becoming larger as compared with the case where the trailing edge line is not honed in the vertical direction. Here, an embodiment in which the steam turbine rotor is honed by the honing method of the large-sized component of the present invention will be described. The steam turbine wing is made of 12Cr steel rolled or forged material. The shape of the wing is cut and surface honed at the final stage and assembled into the turbine rotor. At this point, the surface state is refined into Ry6. 3 or Ryl. O degree 〇 In the honing of the conventional technique, the directionality of the surface roughness of the honing is fixed by hand honing the effective portion of the blade having the three-dimensional curve in the flow direction of the vapor. The directivity referred to here is a case where the surface roughness in two directions perpendicular to each other is measured, and the direction in which the surface roughness is maximized is honed perpendicularly to the flow direction of the vapor.卩 卩, 刮 使 卩 卩 卩 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 In the honing method for the large-sized parts of the present invention, the honing and scratching (scratch marks) which cannot be avoided in the honing of the conventional method can be eliminated, and the side of the honed surface caused by the honing is reduced. With a very small amount of meat, precise and precise surface honing can be performed. Eliminating honing and scratching (wearing marks) means that there is no honing of the directionality, which greatly reduces the dependence of the honing operation of the manual work requiring a high degree of skill. Further, the amount of meat reduction on the side of the honing surface by the honing is minimized, and the restoration of the portion which is not honed can be simplified. Further, the surface honing can be performed with precision and high precision, and has a large effect on the surface treatment before the precision inspection. However, in each of the above embodiments, the description is mainly centered on the case where the rotor or the stationary wing of the turbine of the main part of the steam turbine or the gas turbine is honed, but the applicable parts of the honing method of the present invention are not The present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium to large part. Such parts are, for example, an axle rotation of a rotary drive machine, an outer surface of a piston of a hydraulic machine, a track contact surface of a railway wheel, and the like. (Industrial Applicability) According to the present invention, it is possible to honing the narrow portion and the fitting portion including the large-sized parts which are difficult to honing, and to remove the surface honing surface without removing the surface honing surface. , and the quality of non-destructive inspection can be improved. -25- 1276508 (22) [Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the honing particles used in the first and second embodiments of the honing method for the large-sized parts of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view for explaining the principle of causing the honing material to collide with the honed surface to produce a honing effect. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the speed of the projection material and the honing efficiency for the first embodiment of the honing method for the large-sized component of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the projection angle and the honing efficiency for the third embodiment of the honing method for the large-sized component of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a view showing the first to third embodiments of the honing method for the large-sized parts of the present invention, which are caused by the collision of the honing particles during the honing process. A graph of residual stress distribution from the depth of the wing surface. . Figure 6 is a perspective view showing half of the nozzle diaphragm of the steam turbine (〗 8 〇 ° ). Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire steam turbine apparatus in abbreviated manner. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine and the surface roughness of the vapor passage portion. [Main component symbol description] 1 : Turbine rotor 1 a : Moving wing 2 : Turbine casing 3 : Nozzle diaphragm 4 : Nozzle diaphragm inner wheel -26 - 1276508 (23) 5 : Nozzle diaphragm outer wheel 6 : Static wing 7 : High pressure turbine 8 : Medium Pressure Turbine 9: Low Pressure Turbine] 〇: Cross Tube
1 1 :復水器 1 1 0 :硏磨粒 1 1 1 :投射材 1 1 2 :砥粒 1 1 3 :被硏磨面1 1 : Rehydrator 1 1 0 : honing grain 1 1 1 : Projectile 1 1 2 : granule 1 1 3 : honed surface
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