1249449 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種硬銲磨料線鋸及其製法，尤其係浐 附著之鑽石顆粒不易脫落之硬銲磨料線鋸及其製法。這種 線鋸可用以鋸切難以鋸切之工件，包括石英、石材、 鋁、矽晶、陶瓷、玻璃、金屬、水泥及磚瓦等 虱化 【先前技術】 鑽石由於其硬度高於-般之物質，因此常用來製作切 割加工之工具，但也由於其硬度高於一般之物質，因 加工製造上十分不易。現已有利用鑽石附著在線材上以製 2切割硬質物品（如玻璃、磁磚等）之鑛材，然而由於材 貝，度上差異過大之緣故，因此鑽石不易附著在線材上， 而容易產生鑽石顆粒脫落，導 洛導至線鋸文扣或因切速太低不 ，或因阻力過大而使線鋸斷裂等問題。 =之鑽石線鑛乃是利用有機物的樹腊或 =之方式製造線錯，然而以有機物結合劑黏附鑽石益法 鑽石顆有機材料十分脆弱而經不起研磨加工，因此 顆粒不是被拉扯脫落， η 耗 &就疋因為柔軟的結合劑快速消 容# μ有機物黏結之鑽石所製成之隸雖然製程 英=::)成，線一錯切硬質材料(如 從水、容r t傳統的方法乃是以電鑛法固定鑽石顆粒，然而 一樣無法解^ 此把鑽石埋住而抓不住鑽石，因此 解鑽石掉落的問題。 1249449 由精密鑽石線鋸的發展歷史可以看出電鍍及樹脂結合 劑的限制，發現結合劑所附著之鑽石約有1/4未用先掉 ’而剩下的亦會在使用至一半前即掉落。 另有一種新型的硬銲法雖可抓牢鑽石，但卻存在著其 他，問題’如銲線會因為加溫而變軟，即使其強度可藉由 後、只的熱處理加以些許恢復，但鋼線的硬銲部位仍不免脆 裂’即便使用能耐高溫的鹤線，其硬鐸處依然不能轉彎， :則便會，為疲勞而斷裂。&此之外，鑽石表面及内部亦 吊會因為岗温而受損，這—些問題均極待克服。 為了使鑽石更容易附著，工業界全力發展鍍膜，而亦 僅毛展出目前已商業化的固相鍍膜（如鈦、鉻及石夕）。而BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a brazed abrasive wire saw and a method of making the same, and more particularly to a brazed abrasive wire saw in which attached diamond particles are not easily peeled off and a method of making the same. This wire saw can be used to saw hard-to-cut workpieces, including quartz, stone, aluminum, twin, ceramic, glass, metal, cement and brick. [Prior Art] Diamonds are harder than - Substance, so it is often used to make tools for cutting, but also because its hardness is higher than the general material, it is very difficult to manufacture. Diamonds have been used to attach 2 pieces of hard materials (such as glass, tiles, etc.) to the wire. However, due to the excessive difference in the degree of the material, the diamond is not easily attached to the wire, and is easy to produce. The diamond particles fall off, leading to the wire saw buckle or because the cutting speed is too low, or the wire saw is broken due to excessive resistance. = The diamond line mine is made of organic wax or the method of making the line fault. However, the organic material is adhered to the diamond. The organic material of the diamond is very fragile and cannot withstand the grinding process. Therefore, the particles are not pulled off, η Consumption & 疋 疋 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 μ 柔软 μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ 柔软 柔软 柔软 μ 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软 柔软The diamond granules are fixed by the electric ore method, but the same cannot be solved. The diamond is buried and the diamond cannot be caught, so the problem of diamond falling is solved. 1249449 Electroplating and resin bonding agent can be seen from the history of precision diamond wire saw The limitation is that about 1/4 of the diamonds attached to the bonding agent are not used first, and the remaining ones will fall before being used halfway. Another new type of brazing method can hold the diamonds, but However, there are other problems. If the wire is softened by heating, even if the strength can be restored by the heat treatment of the back and the heat, the brazed part of the steel wire is still brittle. Even if it can withstand high temperature. On the crane line, the hard crotch still cannot turn, and then it will break for fatigue. & In addition, the surface and interior of the diamond will be damaged due to the temperature of the post. This is a problem that needs to be overcome. In order to make diamonds easier to attach, the industry is fully committed to the development of coatings, and only the current commercial solid phase coatings (such as titanium, chrome and Shi Xi) are exhibited.
7種固相鍍膜可從氣體反應（如化學氣相沉積法，C VD ==，亦可從炼鹽的液體擴散而來。但由於鑛膜從 禾戚為液相，因發|、土 $ Μ β 膜…“ 緊密結合’除此之外，該鑛 膘幵y成時為非平彳舒^日 m ^ ^ σ ' ，、中内含有極多的缺陷。這類 _/、用在以燒結法製造的鑽石工具（ 鍍膜的成分單一，因此χ旦^ l )由於忒 鍵結，故鑽石顆：的金屬結合劑形成合金 常不Μ ’不免脫洛，另外，固態鍍膜的厚度通 吊不到1 // m ，因此太植从士 Φ^^在&結打，若不是被氧化脫落剝離， 方吊曰被、、、。合劑溶解而 益實屬有限。 肖失』目此遠類鍍膜實際之效 本發明雖以纖r & 其原理亦可田 "兄明線鋸的性能設計及應用，但 '、’、 於製造其他磨料的線鋸，包括立方氮化硼 碳化矽、氧化鋁、氧仆4… 匕括立方氮化硼、 乳化錫、氮化矽或碳化鎢等硬質材料。 1249449 【發明内容】 本發明人有鑑於此’乃積極著 可以^ _者手進仃研究開發，以期 J以挺供一種使用壽命長，所 切宝4足从 寸者之鑽石顆粒不易脫落之 =材，經過不斷的試驗及努力，終於開發出本發明。 粒之辟：明之主要目的在於提供—種能夠強力附著鑽石顆 叔之硬銲磨料線鋸及其製法。 手段述之發明目的，本發明乃採取以下之技術 或並^ 中該硬銲磨料線㈣是由料批覆鑽石The seven kinds of solid phase coatings can be derived from gas reactions (such as chemical vapor deposition, C VD ==, or from the liquid of the salt refining. However, since the mineral film is from the grass to the liquid phase, due to the | Μ β film... “tightly combined” In addition, the mineral 膘幵 y is non-flat 彳 ^ ^ m ^ ^ σ ', and contains a lot of defects in the middle. This type of _ /, used in The diamond tool made by the sintering method (the composition of the coating is single, so the ^ ^ ^ l) due to the 忒 bond, the diamond: the metal bond forming alloy is often not Μ 'inevitably detached, in addition, the thickness of the solid coating is not To 1 / 2 m, so too planted from the Φ ^ ^ in the & hit, if not oxidized and peeled off, the square shackles are,,,. The mixture dissolves and benefits are limited. Xiao lost 』 this far class Actual effect of coating Although the invention is based on the principle of fiber r &; can also design and apply the performance of the field &brother; but, in the manufacture of other abrasive wire saws, including cubic boron nitride carbide, Alumina, oxygen servant 4... including hard materials such as cubic boron nitride, emulsified tin, tantalum nitride or tungsten carbide. Contents] The present inventor has in view of this that it is positive that it can be used for research and development, in the hope that J will provide a long service life, and the diamond particles that are cut from the inch are not easy to fall off. Through continuous experimentation and hard work, the invention has finally been developed. The main purpose of the invention is to provide a hard-welded abrasive wire saw capable of strongly attaching diamonds and its preparation method. The technique or the ^ soldering abrasive wire (4) is a diamond coated with material
或八他磨料結合環氧樹脂（E 1从士 ^, p 〇 x y )、酚醛樹脂、或 他有機物之内也可加入未披 著於線材所加以製成。 覆㈣之其他磨料有機物附 =發明之硬鮮磨料線鑛製法實施例之一乃是具備有 ::溶入有機溶劑中，並調節其濃度之黏著劑調配工 料人心士 布有上述黏者劑之塗布工程、將鑽石焊 ㈣化i/i者於鑽石表面之附著工程、將坪料合金粉末加 鑽：°…工程、將融化後之混料冷卻以得到披覆銲料 ==冷卻工程、將披覆鲜料鑽石與其他非鑽石磨料混合 鋒：：工：、將琴鋼線表面均勾塗布混有磨料之披覆鐵石 繞Λ、=工各以及將塗布披覆鑽石銲料及其混料之琴鋼 、’、σ以吹乾或燒硬之乾燥硬銲工程。 由於鑽石或其他磨料在高溫容易破裂，所以硬銲的⑽ =宜高於1 2 0 0 t。鑽石的惰性甚大，難以將之心 ‘、’、了能使銲料和鑽石或其他磨料反應，銲料内必須含至 少1%的活化金屬，例如石夕、鈦、鉻、猛或紹等，較常用 1249449 石線鋸具有下述之優 的磨料銲料包括銅、鎳或鋁的合金。 藉由上述之方法’所製造出之鑽 2 、鑽石以㈣的化學鍵牢牢銲住，因此不會掉粒。 、辉料以強力的硬膠附著，由於面積加大，表面亦Or the eight-abrasive combination of epoxy resin (E 1 from 士, p 〇 x y ), phenolic resin, or other organic matter can also be added without being draped on the wire. (4) Other abrasive organic materials attached to the invention. One of the examples of the method for producing a hard fresh abrasive wire in the invention is that the adhesive is prepared by dissolving in an organic solvent and adjusting the concentration thereof. Coating engineering, welding diamonds (four) i/i to the surface of the diamond, attaching the alloy powder to the flat: °... engineering, cooling the melted mixture to obtain the coated solder == cooling engineering, will be draped Mixed diamonds and other non-diamond abrasives. Front:: Work: The surface of the steel wire is coated with abrasive coated iron and stone, and each of them will be coated with diamond solder and its compound. Steel, ', σ to dry or hard dry dry brazing project. Since diamonds or other abrasives are easily broken at high temperatures, the braze (10) = should be higher than 1 2 0 0 t. The inertia of diamonds is very large, it is difficult to make the heart ',', can make the solder and diamond or other abrasives react, the solder must contain at least 1% of activated metals, such as Shi Xi, Titanium, Chromium, Meng or Shao, etc. 1249449 Stone saws have the following superior abrasive solders including alloys of copper, nickel or aluminum. The drill 2 and the diamond produced by the above method are firmly welded by the chemical bond of (4), so that the diamond is not detached. , Hui material is attached with strong hard rubber, due to the increased area, the surface is also
車父粗糖’因此附菩A 力k “大為增加，故鑽石顆粒 不虞脫落。 、切點所產生的熱會由擔 θ田鑕石傳遞到銲料，因此散熱 面積加大，使得溫唐ρ备柄i 沒降低許多，所以硬膠不會像 傳統黏膠的鑽石後雄^ , 買琛鋸樣，在鋸切時被火烫的鑽 石燒焦。 4、所添加的其他磨料可以提高黏膠的硬度、強度、 耐磨性以及散埶性，所以全士人士丨 人 ”、、f 所以結合劑不會像現有的膠 黏線鑛-樣，會被迅速磨掉而使得鑽石顆粒因過 度暴露而掉出。 5不而要使用真空爐或以惰性氣體保護，所有製程 均可在大氣環境下一貫作業，因此可大幅降低製 造成本，大量生產。 【實施方式】 〜〜轩贗科綠鋸乃是由鑽石銲料合金硬銲扣 鑽他磨料結合環氧樹脂（Ep〇xy) #有機物 者於線材所加以製成。其中的其他磨料包括碳化石夕、三 一，。—氧化錯（z r〇2 )、碳化鎢（w C )、氮 1249449 另外’硬銲金屬為含鋅钬夕人 t此^ 3螺鉻之合金，含銅鈦之合金、含 銅錯之合金、含銅猛之合金及含銘石夕之人金。 現就本發明諸多實施例中之一例加以說明。 現請參看第一圖所示，本發 I去貝施例包括有點签 劑調配工程（工）、塗布有黏者 牙（2 )、附著工程（3 )、 加熱工程（4 )、冷卻工裎〔f、 丨工私（5 )、混合工程（6 )、姑 覆工程（7 )以及乾燥硬銲工程（8 )。 其中黏著劑調配工程⑴乃是 、酚醛樹脂、蠟乳膠、 Λ 一 -°、石臘 m乐裳、丄 廊酉文树月日、環氧樹脂等之黏著劑 /奋〇 、甲醇、乙醇、丙嗣·..等之有機溶劑中，依 黏性及流動性調整濃度" 薄）。 所侍到之鑽石鍍膜越 &塗布工程（2 )乃是將將鑽石（如3 2 5 / 4 〇。 _目’美國GE公司所鎖售的MBg 、 中，再浸入黏著劑調配 於漏勺 搖動混掉後將漏勺提起，將到之溶液中，經由 面塗布有有機溶〉夜。 〒早使付鑽石表 附著工& ( 3 )乃是將表面塗布有六 量的焊料合金粉末Γ 、洛液之鑽石和大 (如3 2 5篩目）在滾筒中、、曰 〜 銲料合金粉末均勻 间中此拌，使付 料合金粉末。 冉以師網除去多餘之銲 加熱工裎 )乃疋將钻有鮮料合金，古 量的細粒氧化陶瓷於古r上一尸 、，叔末之鑽石和大 尤心末（如二氧化二鋁、- 等）混拌後置入氧化陶£承具中，再置入：處、玻璃 Y冉置入真空爐中進行加 1249449 熱（如在1 Ο 1 Ot：下加熱 金粉末加熱炼化。 冷卻工程（5 )乃是將 混料加以冷卻並以篩網過濾 鑽石粗胚。 1 2分鐘），藉此以將銲料合 上述加熱工程（4 )加熱後之 ’即可獲得表面批覆有銲料之 山匕口工耘（6)乃是將上述之鑽石粗胚與填充磨料（ 如灰化秒、m二氧化錯、碳化鎢、氮化石夕等） 倒入稀釋的㈣（如樹脂、環氧樹脂、聚醯亞胺）中並混 "=勻使得鑽石的體積比能符合最後線鋸表面鑽石集中 度之要求（如集中度5 0時為1 2 . 5 V%)。 批覆工#呈（7 )乃是將作為線錯基材之琴鋼線（如〇 ·、1 2 m m )藉由通過有盛滿上述混料之模具中所設的孔 而’以類似電線漆包線之製程將混料均勾塗布在琴鋼線之 四周而成為鑽石線。批覆有混料之鑽石線可以在模具之孔 /同出口處，以附有硬質海綿的壓頭間斷之壓合以刮去部分 批後之此料，使得線鋸上之鑽石分布可形成間斷式之分布 情形。相似的製程中也可使鑽石分布成分開的平行直條狀 ’也可形成旋轉的螺旋式。 乾燥硬銲工程（8 )乃是將批覆有混料之鑽石線經由 吹乾及燒硬等硬銲製程以成為精密之鑽石硬銲線鋸。 再％麥看第二圖所示，本發明之批覆工程（7 )中所 使用之模具（2 0 )内部充滿有混有鑽石顆粒（2 χ )、 *著Μ ( 2 2 )及磨料（2 3 )之混料，而在琴鋼線（2 4 )通過模具（2 〇 )上之孔洞（2 5 )後，即可在琴鋼 1249449 線（2 4 )之表面四周附著右 m 丁 者有點附有鑽石顆粒（2 1 )之 鑽石線鋸。而批覆右、、曰祖 ? n w 復有“4之琴鋼線（2 4)可以在模具（ 的η百問龄 出處，以附有硬質海綿（2 6 ) 、I頭間斷之壓合以刮去部 ^ x yν ._ 丨刀批覆之混料，使得線鋸上之 鑽石分布可形成間斷式之分布情形。 再請參看第三圖所示，由 λ .. m t 由於本發明將鑽石顆粒（2 1 )利用與銲料（？ β、μ a , ^ 1 緊腎 s1之化學鍵結將鑽石顆粒（2 1 ) 緊緊抓牛’因此鑽石顆粒 $彳 21)可以牛固的批覆在琴鋼 線（24)之表面四周而不會掉落。 線鋸越細則鋸切工件切盖 古 孬的知失越小，所以取材率越 ^ 本^明的線鑛由於磨料|^ 丨Μ A 保卄附者杈牢，可以製成極細（如 小於0 · 2 m m )的線鋸，可用 J用以鋸切矽晶圓等貴重工件 ’也可製成較粗（如小於？ 、 m)的線鑛用以錯切陶兗等 難鋸切工件 瓦号 述的次月雖以鑽石線鋸為例，但也可用以製造非鑽 他磨料線鑛’也可使用兩種以上的磨料。磨料的選 擇包括鑽石、立方氮化爛、碳切、三氧化二銘、二氧化 錯、碳化鎢或其他混拌物或熔合體。The father's raw sugar 'so the attached Bo A force k "is greatly increased, so the diamond particles do not fall off. The heat generated by the tangent point will be transferred to the solder by the θ田锧石, so the heat dissipation area is increased, so that the Wen Tang ρ handle i has not been reduced a lot, so the hard rubber will not be like the traditional viscose diamonds, buy a slash saw, and burn the burnt diamonds during sawing. 4. Other abrasives added can improve the hardness of the glue, Strength, wear resistance and dilatancy, so the whole person is stunned", f, so the binder will not be rubbed off like the existing glue line, so that the diamond particles fall out due to overexposure . 5 It is not necessary to use a vacuum furnace or to protect it with an inert gas. All processes can be operated in the atmosphere, which can greatly reduce the cost and mass production. [Embodiment] ~ ~ Xuanyuanke green saw is made of diamond solder alloy hard soldering buckle drilled with abrasive resin combined with epoxy resin (Ep〇xy) #organic material made of wire. Other abrasives include carbon carbide eve, Sany. - Oxidation error (zr〇2), tungsten carbide (w C), nitrogen 1249449 In addition, 'hard-welded metal is zinc-containing 钬 人 t t ^ ^ 3 screw chromium alloy, copper-titanium alloy, copper-containing alloy, The alloy containing copper and the gold of the person who contains Mingshi Xi. An example of various embodiments of the invention will now be described. Please refer to the first figure. The hair removal method includes a little signing preparation project (work), coated with adhesive teeth (2), attachment engineering (3), heating engineering (4), cooling process. [f, 丨 丨 (5), mixed engineering (6), gu covered engineering (7) and dry brazing engineering (8). Among them, the adhesive preparation project (1) is an adhesive for phenolic resin, wax latex, enamel-°, paraffin, 裳 酉, 环氧树脂 酉 、, epoxy resin, etc., methanol, ethanol, C In organic solvents such as 嗣·.., adjust the concentration according to viscosity and fluidity. The coating of the diamond coating is more & coating engineering (2) will be the diamond (such as 3 2 5 / 4 〇. _ eye 'US GE company locked MBg, medium, and then immersed in the adhesive blended on the colander shake After mixing, the colander is lifted, and the solution is applied to the solution, and the organic coating is applied to the surface through the surface. The 钻石 early payment of the diamond watch attachment & (3) is to apply the surface with six amounts of solder alloy powder 、, Luo The liquid diamond and the large (such as 325 mesh) are mixed in the drum, 曰~ solder alloy powder evenly, so that the alloy powder is paid. 冉 冉 师 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去 除去Drilled with fresh alloy, the ancient amount of fine-grained oxidized ceramics on the ancient ru corpse, the uncle's diamond and the Dayou heart (such as alumina, - etc.) mixed and placed into the oxidized pottery In the middle, the glass is placed in the vacuum furnace to add 1249449 heat (such as heating the gold powder under 1 Ο 1 Ot: heating and refining. Cooling project (5) is to cool the mixture and Screen the diamond rough embryos. 1 2 minutes), after heating the above heating project (4) The 'mountain-coated solder joints' (6) are obtained by pouring the above-mentioned diamond rough embryos with filled abrasives (such as ashing seconds, m-dioxide, tungsten carbide, nitride, etc.). Dilute (4) (such as resin, epoxy resin, polyimine) and mix " = even so that the volume ratio of the diamond can meet the requirements of the diamond concentration of the final wire saw surface (such as the concentration of 5 0 is 1 2 . 5 V%). The batcher #(7) is a wire-like wire that is to be used as a wire-wound substrate (such as 〇·, 12 mm) by a hole provided in a mold filled with the above mixture. The process is to coat the mixture around the steel wire to become a diamond line. The diamond wire coated with the mixed material can be pressed at the hole/same exit of the mold with the pressure head of the hard sponge to scrape off the part of the batch, so that the diamond distribution on the wire saw can form a discontinuous The distribution situation. In a similar process, the diamonds can be distributed in parallel and straight strips, which can also form a rotating spiral. The dry brazing project (8) is to pass the diamond wire coated with the mixture into a precision diamond hard wire saw by a hard soldering process such as blow drying and hardening. As shown in the second figure, the mold (20) used in the coating process (7) of the present invention is filled with diamond particles (2 χ ), * Μ ( 2 2 ) and abrasive (2). 3) Mixing, and after the steel wire (2 4 ) passes through the hole (2 5 ) on the mold (2 〇), it can be attached to the surface of the Qinhuangwen 1249449 line (2 4 ). Diamond wire saw with diamond particles (2 1 ). And the right to the right, the ancestors? nw re-established "4 of the piano steel line (2 4) can be in the mold (n-100 years old source, with a hard sponge (2 6), I head intermittent compression to scrape Go to the section ^ x yν ._ 丨 批 批 批 , , , , , , 批 批 批 批 批 批 批 批 批 批 批 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石 钻石2 1) Using the chemical bond with the solder (? β, μ a , ^ 1 tight kidney s1 to hold the diamond particles (2 1 ) tightly to catch the cow 'so the diamond particles $ 彳 21) can be applied to the Qin steel wire by the cow solid ( 24) The surface of the surface will not fall. The more the wire saw is cut, the smaller the loss of the workpiece is cut, so the more the material is taken. The wire of the mine is due to the abrasive|^ 丨Μ A It can be made into a very fine wire saw (such as less than 0 · 2 mm), and can be used to cut valuable workpieces such as silicon wafers. It can also be used to make thicker (such as less than ?, m) wire mines. The following is the case of a diamond wire saw, but it can also be used to make a non-drilled abrasive wire mine. Abrasive. The abrasive of choice include diamond, cubic nitride rotten, cut carbon trioxide Ming wrong dioxide, tungsten carbide, or other fusion thereof or kneaded.
另外’上述的說明雖以琴鋼線為例作為線材，但線材 t可以用其他的金屬線（如鶴線、銅線等卜甚至非金屬 v(如尼龍線），而且線材可為單線、絞線或編線。 如以上之說明僅用為本發明可為各種可能實施例中之一 呪明，因此並不能視之為本發明之限制，任何可依本發明 方法所達成之實施型態均屬本發明權利H 11 1249449 【圖式簡單說明】 (一） 圖式部分 第一圖為本發明製法之流程示意圖。 第二圖為本發明批覆工程之施行狀態示意圖。 第三圖為本發明鑽石線鋸之結構放大示意圖。 (二） 元件代表符號 (1)黏著劑調配工程 (2 )塗布工程 (3 )附著工程 (4 )加熱工程 (5 )冷卻工程 (6) 混合工程 (7) 批覆工程 (8 )乾燥硬銲工程 (2 0 )模具 (2 1 )鑽石顆粒 (2 2 )黏著劑 (2 3 )磨料 (2 4 )琴鋼線 (2 5 )孔洞 (2 6 )銲料 12In addition, the above description uses the steel wire as an example, but the wire t can be made of other metal wires (such as crane wire, copper wire, etc., or even non-metal v (such as nylon wire), and the wire can be single wire, twisted. The above description is merely illustrative of one of the various possible embodiments, and thus is not to be considered as limiting of the invention, and any implementation that can be achieved by the method of the present invention is The present invention is directed to H 11 1249449 [Simplified illustration of the drawings] (1) The first figure of the drawing is a schematic flow chart of the manufacturing method of the present invention. The second drawing is a schematic diagram of the execution state of the coating engineering of the present invention. (2) Component symbol (1) Adhesive compounding project (2) Coating engineering (3) Attachment engineering (4) Heating engineering (5) Cooling engineering (6) Mixed engineering (7) Approval engineering (8) Dry brazing engineering (20) mold (2 1) diamond particles (2 2 ) adhesive (2 3 ) abrasive (2 4) piano steel wire (2 5 ) hole (2 6 ) solder 12