TW528621B

TW528621B - High-extrusion-ratio fabrication and forming practice of low temperature and high strain rate superplastic AZ31 Mg alloys

Info

Publication number: TW528621B
Application number: TW91110563A
Authority: TW
Inventors: Shiuan-Kai Lin; Jr-Ching Huang
Original assignee: Jr-Ching Huang
Priority date: 2002-05-16
Filing date: 2002-05-16
Publication date: 2003-04-21

Abstract

The current patent applied the most simple and feasible one-step extrusion method on the commercial AZ31 magnesium ingot to result in low temperature and/or high strain rate superplasticity. The one-step extrusion was undertaken using a high extrusion ratio at 250-350 DEG C, and the grain size after one-step extrusion became to 1-4 μm. The processed AZ31 plate exhibited satisfactory room temperature tensile elongation of to 50%, as well as LTSP (250-300 DEG C) of to 900% at 1x10<SP>-4</SP> s<SP>-1</SP>, 520% at 8x10<SP>-3</SP> s<SP>-1</SP>, 300% at 2x10<SP>-2</SP> s<SP>-1</SP>, and 210% at 1x10<SP>-1</SP> s<SP>-1</SP>. The low flow stress of 5-15 Mpa and the strain rate sensitivity of 0.3-0.4 both suggest that grain boundary sliding and solute drag creep have operated under these loading conditions. A simple press forming design inside heated oil or water bath is illustrated for forming enclosures for 3C industry. The current results imply that the simple high-extrusion ratio extrusion and press forming in hot oil bath might be feasible processing and forming means for industry applications.

Description

528621 Α7 " B7 五、發明説明（前言儘管鎂元素在地球的蘊藏豐富，但由於提煉純鎂成本高，再加上其耐蝕性較為遜色，鎂合金以往在金屬材料中一直受到忽略，不過近年來由於可攜式產品大行其道，而鎂合金又具有重量輕、散熱佳、耐衝撞、防電磁波干擾、及可回收再利用之性質，其前景已為各界所看好，有機會逐漸取代鋼鐵或鋁合金與工程塑膠成為汽車或電子產品外殼的主要材料。儘管鎂合金有以上眾多的優點，不過因馬鎂合金結構為六方最密堆積（hexagonal close-packed，HCP)，故在室溫時，延展性較差，適當的成形方法有助於製造出複雜且堅固的成品。鎮合金成开> 方法有許多種，如冷、熱室壓鎢(出e casthg)、觸變成形法 (thixomoldmg )及流變成形（rheom〇iding )。其中大多數的業者均選擇採用壓鑄製程，這是因為壓缚是屬於十分成熟的製程。而利用超塑性成形鎂合金材料，如日本8〇1^^ 等公司開發之”鍛壓成形（press forming)，，，即為在超塑性範圍下作熱壓成形，亦也是現代工業界頗受注意的成形方法之一。未來對於複雜形狀的整體結構，超塑成形有可能取代傳統設計，可節省成本及降低生產時間。 2·鎂合金超塑性之研究有關鎂合金之超塑性研究，如添加不同種類與含量的元素，不同加工過程與熱機處理（thermomechanical treatments，TMT)過程，均會得到許多變化。我們可以從些報告和文獻的結果，了解晶粒大小，不同合金元素，與含量及不同加工條件對材料的缝強度、應變鱗敏齡、伸長量、裂孔（eavitatiQn)現象、變形機構及微結構所造成的影響。對任何超塑性材料而言，晶粒大小與晶界性質對於伸長量、應變速率及潛變強度適用中國國家;CNS ) M規格（21〇 χ π?公酱）' · (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)528621 Α7 " B7 V. Description of the invention (Foreword Although magnesium is abundant in the earth, due to the high cost of refining pure magnesium and its relatively poor corrosion resistance, magnesium alloys have been ignored in metal materials in the past, but in recent years Due to the popularity of portable products, and magnesium alloys have the characteristics of light weight, good heat dissipation, impact resistance, anti-electromagnetic interference, and recyclable properties. Their prospects have been optimistic for all sectors, and they have the opportunity to gradually replace steel or aluminum alloys. And engineering plastics have become the main materials of automotive or electronic product housings. Despite the many advantages of magnesium alloys, the magnesium magnesium alloy structure is hexagonal close-packed (HCP), so it is ductile at room temperature. Poor, proper forming methods help to produce complex and strong finished products. There are many methods for forming alloys, such as cold and hot chamber tungsten (e casthg), thixomoldmg and flow. Rheom〇iding. Most of them choose to use the die-casting process because compression is a very mature process. The use of superplastic forming magnesium alloy materials, such as "press forming" developed by companies such as Japan 801 ^^, is not only for hot press forming in the superplastic range, but also for the modern industry. One of the forming methods. In the future, for the overall structure of complex shapes, superplastic forming may replace traditional design, which can save costs and reduce production time. 2. Research on superplasticity of magnesium alloys Research on superplasticity of magnesium alloys, such as adding different types And content of elements, different processing processes and thermomechanical treatments (TMT) processes, will get many changes. We can understand the grain size, different alloy elements, content and different processing conditions from the results of these reports and literature Effects on the material's seam strength, strain scale sensitivity age, elongation, eavitatiQn phenomenon, deformation mechanism and microstructure. For any superplastic material, the grain size and grain boundary properties affect the elongation, strain Rate and creep intensity are applicable to China; CNS) M specification (21〇χ π? 公酱) '· (Please read the back first Note to fill out this page)

-、1T -· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消合作社印製 528621-, 1T-· Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Employees' Cooperatives 528621

五、發明説明（j) 小晶粒可在較高_變速率讀低溫度下得到和大晶粒—樣的伸長量。因此各種足以 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 研么出、”田]阳粒之製程’均冒被使用來探討其在開發細晶粒超塑性鎮合金之可行性。表-列出主要相關之織材料超塑性研究報導，包括本專概用之·鎮合金 [1-18]。 21 快速凝固法（Rapid soHdificati〇n，RS)V. Description of the invention (j) Small grains can obtain the same elongation as large grains at a higher temperature and a lower temperature. Therefore, all kinds of research (please read the precautions on the reverse side and then fill out this page) are developed, and the "Tian] yang granule process is used to explore the feasibility of developing fine grain superplastic ballast alloys. Table- List the main reports on the superplasticity of woven materials, including the ballast alloys used in this paper [1-18]. 21 Rapid solidification method (Rapid soHdificatión, RS)

Solberg等人[4]冒以AZ91鎂合金為例，利用快速凝固法，得到寬度12咖而厚度僅100 μχη之薄片帶，再截斷疊成厚塊，之後再經過4〇:1擠型，其晶粒大約為 1.2 μιη，MgnAlu之β相約為〇·2 μιη，而一般壓鑄材再經同樣擠型的晶粒大約為3〜2〇 μηι，故快速凝固所得的晶粒較一般壓鑄的晶粒小。而且微結構在溫度上升時也很穩定，如晶粒在300 °C時保持12小時其晶粒大小並沒有很大的改變，晶粒維持在丨9 μιη 左右。在3·3χ1(Τ3 s·1與300 °C下為例，一般壓鑄及快速凝固法所得的伸長量分別為 170%及1000%。快速凝固法其獲得超塑性行為遠較一般傳統的壓鑄好很多，其最主要的原因是因為成形時，快速凝固材本身晶粒即小，再經擠形後，晶粒便更小更均勾，且所造成的空洞也較少，在高溫下拉伸不容易因空洞而斷裂。經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製不過這種厚度僅100 μπι之快速凝固薄片帶，再經繁複累疊後施予擠型，材料成本是極高的’適合研究用，卻不能大量工業化應用。 2·2 粉末法（Powder metallurgy，ΡΜ)Solberg et al. [4] took the AZ91 magnesium alloy as an example, and used the rapid solidification method to obtain a thin strip with a width of 12 coffee and a thickness of only 100 μχη, and then truncated and stacked into thick pieces, and then passed through a 40: 1 extrusion. The grain size is about 1.2 μm, the β phase of MgnAlu is about 0.2 μm, and the grain size of the common die-casting material after the same extrusion is about 3 ~ 20 μm, so the grains obtained by rapid solidification are more common than those of ordinary die-casting. small. Moreover, the microstructure is also very stable when the temperature rises. For example, if the crystal grains are held at 300 ° C for 12 hours, the crystal grain size does not change much, and the crystal grains are maintained at about 9 μm. At 3 · 3χ1 (Τ3 s · 1 and 300 ° C for example, the elongations obtained by general die casting and rapid solidification methods are 170% and 1000%, respectively. The rapid solidification method has far better superplastic behavior than conventional traditional die castings. Many, the most important reason is that during the forming, the grains of the rapidly solidified material are small, and after extrusion, the grains are smaller and more uniform, and the voids are less, and they are stretched at high temperature. It is not easy to break due to voids. It is printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. However, this type of fast-setting sheet strip with a thickness of only 100 μm can be extruded after being stacked. The material cost is extremely high. Suitable for research It cannot be used in a large number of industrial applications. 2 · 2 Powder metallurgy (PM)

Mabuchi等人[5]以AZ91、ZK60、ZK61鎂合金為例，比較粉末冶金法與鑄錠冶金製造之材料在特性上有何差異。我們先從晶粒大小說明，粉末冶金法與鱗錠冶金經過300 °C時1〇〇:1的擠製後，將試片做退火處理，退火溫度為300 °C，而退火時間 i紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） " 一~ 528621 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（s ) 為30分鐘，觀察四種材料（即粉末冶金法之^91與ZK61、以及鑄錠冶金法之與ZK60)之晶粒大小分別為i 4 μπι、} 4叫、5 〇哗、2 4哗。我們發現由粉末冶金法所製造的材料，其晶粒都小於鑄錠冶金法所製造，而以粉末冶金法所製造的Μ% 材料在兩應變速率下有較良好的超塑性性質，其低溫超塑拉伸量為28〇%，這是因為曰曰粒越小時所對應的超塑性應變速率越快。㈤樣地，粉末材料成本亦大幅高於鱗造材，大規模使用仍受限制。另Kaneko等人[9]將粉末冶金與快速凝固法製造之ΑΖ1〇5、从狀、ΖΑ124和 ΖΑ128材料，再經1〇〇:1擠型後，於2〇〇〇c及3〇〇〇c作拉伸測試，應變速率為加# 〜2XHT1 s·1，我們發現這幾種材料在3〇〇〇c，2χ1〇·2，，都存在最大的伸長量，這四種材料 ΑΖ105、ΑΖ88、ΖΑ124 和 ΖΑ128 之伸長量分別為 900%、800%、500%、500%。我們也可以發現這四種合金在3〇〇 °c時其伸長量會隨著Ai含量增加而變大。在測試範圍m值也會隨著應變速率增加而變大，從〇.24變為0.65。對ΑΖ105及ΑΖ88這兩材料，其低溫超塑拉伸量表現不錯，但此材含5%與之Ζη，至溫機性極差，亦屬研究用材料，且以昂貴之粉末冶金與快速凝固法製造，遠非工業界可接受之廉價商用合金。 2·3 壓延法（Rolling-typed thermomechanical treatment，R-TMT)Mabuchi et al. [5] used AZ91, ZK60, and ZK61 magnesium alloys as examples to compare the differences in characteristics between powder metallurgy and ingot metallurgy manufacturing materials. We first explain from the grain size that the powder metallurgy method and scale metallurgy are annealed after 300: 100 extrusion at 300 ° C, and the annealing temperature is 300 ° C, and the annealing time is the paper size. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) " ~~ 528621 Employees' cooperation cooperation with Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed A7 B7 5. The description of invention (s) is 30 minutes, observe four materials (ie powder The metallurgical method (91 and ZK61, and the ingot metallurgy method and ZK60) have grain sizes of i 4 μm,} 4, 50, and 24, respectively. We have found that the materials produced by powder metallurgy have smaller grains than those produced by ingot metallurgy, while the M% materials produced by powder metallurgy have better superplastic properties at two strain rates. The plastic stretch is 28%, because the smaller the grain size, the faster the superplastic strain rate. Similarly, the cost of powder materials is also significantly higher than that of scale materials, and large-scale use is still limited. In addition, Kaneko et al. [9] fabricated powdered metallurgy and rapid solidification methods of AZO105, Congzi, ZA124 and ZA128 materials, and then extruded at 100: 1, then at 2000c and 3000. c For tensile test, the strain rate is plus # ~ 2XHT1 s · 1. We found that these materials have the maximum elongation at 3000c, 2x10.2 · 2. These four materials Α 105, Α 88 The elongations of ZA124, ZΑ124 and ZΑ128 are 900%, 800%, 500%, and 500%, respectively. We can also find that the elongation of these four alloys will increase with the increase of Ai content at 300 ° C. In the test range, the value of m will also increase as the strain rate increases, from 0.24 to 0.65. For the two materials AZ105 and AZ88, the low-temperature superplastic stretch performance is good, but this material contains 5% and Znη, which is extremely poor in temperature resistance. It is also a research material and uses expensive powder metallurgy and rapid solidification. It is far from being a cheap commercial alloy acceptable to industry. 2 · 3 Rolling-typed thermomechanical treatment (R-TMT)

Liu等人[13]則以商業鍛造用AZ31鎂合金為例，經簡單的熱壓延法。而超塑性成开>溫度為300 C〜500 C，我們可觀察到當成形溫度為4〇〇 °c以下時，^231鎂合金之晶粒大小從250 μπι變為50 μπι，但溫度大於400 QC時，成形後晶粒大小大約為100 μιη左右。這說明晶粒在低溫時細化，但在高温時卻晶粒成長。超塑成形過程在動態再結晶（dynamicrecrystallization)及晶粒成長之間。將^31鎂合金作拉伸試本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2ι〇Χ297公董） ----------訂 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 528621 A7 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 驗，其工作溫度範圍為200 °C〜500 °C，應變速率為5xl〇-3 f1，Liu等人[13]得到最大之伸長量為170%，工作條件為500 〇C與5xl0-3 s•丨。TEM觀察顯示差排潛變(disl〇cati〇n creep)扮演晶粒細化一重要角色，而大部分之晶界為高角度晶界^ boundaries)，且在成形後差排密度變小，這是因為晶界會吸收差排所致。^31也是目鈾工業界有興趣之商用鎂合金，與AZ91有競爭之趨勢，但AZ31屬鍛造用固溶強化之合金，而AZ91屬最廉價之鑄造用析出強化合金，以價格來看，前者是後者之2_3 倍，故如能開發優異低溫超塑性之AZ91材料，仍是更優之選擇。此外，鎂合金因屬六方晶系，在滾壓過程中甚易產生板邊及表面裂紋，影響後續機性，使主業操作困難度增加，並不是有利之製程方式。 2.4 等徑轉角擠壓（Equal channel angular pressing, ECAP)Liu et al. [13] took AZ31 magnesium alloy for commercial forging as an example, and passed a simple hot rolling method. While the superplastic formation temperature is 300 C ~ 500 C, we can observe that when the forming temperature is below 400 ° c, the grain size of ^ 231 magnesium alloy changes from 250 μm to 50 μm, but the temperature is greater than At 400 QC, the grain size after forming is about 100 μm. This shows that the grains are refined at low temperatures, but they grow at high temperatures. The superplastic forming process is between dynamic recrystallization and grain growth. The ^ 31 magnesium alloy is used as a tensile test. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2ι〇 × 297). ---------- Order (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this Page) 528621 A7 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page). The working temperature range is 200 ° C ~ 500 ° C, and the strain rate is 5xl0-3 f1. Liu et al. [13] obtained a maximum elongation of 170% and working conditions of 500 ° C and 5xl0-3 s • 丨. TEM observations show that dislOcatiOn creep plays an important role in grain refinement, and most of the grain boundaries are high-angle grain boundaries (^ boundaries), and the density of dislodging becomes smaller after forming. It is because the grain boundary will absorb the difference. ^ 31 is also a commercial magnesium alloy that is of interest to the uranium industry. It has a tendency to compete with AZ91, but AZ31 is a solid solution strengthened alloy for forging, and AZ91 is the cheapest precipitation strengthening alloy for casting. In terms of price, the former It is 2 to 3 times of the latter, so if it can develop AZ91 material with excellent low temperature superplasticity, it is still a better choice. In addition, because magnesium alloy is a hexagonal crystal system, plate edges and surface cracks are easily generated during the rolling process, which affects subsequent mechanical properties and increases the difficulty of main industry operations. This is not a favorable process method. 2.4 Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)

Mabuchi等人[6]以AZ91鎂合金為例，將鑄銳材置於415〇c中做固溶處理2 小時之後再施以低溫的等徑轉角壓製，溫度為215 °C。所得的晶粒為1 μιη ,較一般傳統加工如擠型或壓延[5，13]小，經等徑轉角壓製的總應變為8 〇5 [14]。經濟部中央檩準局員工消費合作衽印製該文獻之ΑΖ91經過等角壓製後作拉伸實驗分析，觀察到在應變速率為6.2χι〇_5 s 1 ’ 200 °C時有很好的超塑性，伸長量為661%，相對於其他方式的加工，的確有效地降低超塑性的溫度。不過ECAP壓製之試片，尺寸狼小，約為10-30 mm之直徑，目前很難作工業大量應用。Mabuchi et al. [6] took AZ91 magnesium alloy as an example, put the cast sharp material in a solution treatment at 415 ° C for 2 hours, and then applied low-temperature equal-angle corner pressing at a temperature of 215 ° C. The obtained grain size is 1 μm, which is smaller than that of conventional traditional processes such as extrusion or calendering [5, 13], and the total strain after equal-diameter corner pressing is 80.5 [14]. The consumption cooperation of the staff of the Central Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed the document AAZ91 after isostatic pressing for tensile experiment analysis. It was observed that the strain rate was very good at a strain rate of 6.2χι_5 s 1 '200 ° C. Plasticity, with an elongation of 661%, compared to other methods of processing, it does effectively reduce the superplasticity temperature. However, the ECAP pressed test piece has a small size, about 10-30 mm in diameter, and it is currently difficult to use it for large-scale industrial applications.

Mabuchi 等人[15]利用高解析電子顯微鏡（high-resolution electron microscopy， HREM)觀察到經過等角擠製後的材料呈現不平衡狀態（n〇n_eqUiiibriumstate)，這現象便是晶界的刻面上有規則或不規則排列的起伏（wavy)，且隨著愈接近晶界其晶格平面歪曲（distortion)愈大。我們可將試片放置在225 0C環境下12小時做退火本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐）經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 528621 A7 -----------— B7 五、發明説明（f ) (―g)，使非平《界觀為平衡晶界。而晶粒大小由G7叫變為3ι叫。而有平衡晶界之材料會呈現較長的超·伸長^這是因為平衡晶界較易進行晶界滑移。 2·5 擠型法（Extrusion)Mabuchi et al. [15] observed that the material exhibited an unbalanced state (n〇n_eqUiiibriumstate) after iso-angle extrusion using a high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), which is the facet of the grain boundary There are wavy regular or irregular arrangements, and the lattice plane distortion becomes larger as it gets closer to the grain boundary. We can place the test piece for 12 hours at 225 0C for annealing. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm). Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 528621 A7 ------ -----— B7 V. Description of the invention (f) (-g), so that the non-flat "boundary view is a balanced grain boundary. The grain size changed from G7 to 3m. Materials with balanced grain boundaries will exhibit longer super-elongation ^ This is because balanced grain boundaries are more likely to undergo grain boundary slip. 2 · 5 Extrusion

Lee等人[16]以AZ91/SiCp複合材料為例，不同的擠型比⑽她）、擠型溫度和SiCp雜大小财辟機械,_好壞。文巾提聽型溫度越高或擠型比越小對於擠型的壓力也相對的越小，不過所得到的試片拉伸強度也相對地減小，而且強化相顆粒大小和含量《姻超龍的好壞，這現象不只在複合材料紅，獅祕等人[8]也以AZ91鎂合金為例，材料經過三種不同溫度48〇〇c、4〇〇〇c、3〇〇〇c作熱擠型。擠型後的晶粒大小分別為66J帅、15 4 μιη和7 6 μιη。m值也隨著溫度的下降而升高’從0.2變為0.5，伸長率也從3〇%上升為31〇%。由結果可觀察到在3〇〇 C時作擠型，AZ91鎮合金所表現的超塑性行為最佳。 2.6 往復式擠型（Reciproca丨 extrusion) 由清華大學葉均蔚實驗室所開發之往復式擠型[1η，可以有效地逐步細化晶粒，經過多道（約六至八次）往復式擠型，試片可於2〇(m〇〇〇c與ΐχΐ〇.3 一時，有很好的超塑性，最高伸長量約為1000〇/〇。此法與上面等徑轉角堡製法有基本之類似構想，均可以藉累積變形量而有效地一道-道地逐步細化晶粒，目前正在f試顧巾。只是工業顧賴先麟特殊設計之往復式擠型機，對不熟悉者產生困難；而六至八次之多道擠型，也有考量，而往復式擠型後之成品多是棒材或圓筒形材料，如需板材，可能還需再進行一般擠型或滾壓，雖已是很有效之製程，但如能以更簡易之製程方式，達到同等效果，則更為理想。本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 83. 3.10,000 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Lee et al. [16] took AZ91 / SiCp composites as an example, different extrusion ratios (a), extrusion temperature, and SiCP miscellaneous size. The higher the temperature of the paper towel listening type or the smaller the extrusion ratio, the smaller the pressure for extrusion, but the tensile strength of the obtained test piece is also relatively reduced, and the particle size and content of the strengthening phase The good or bad of the dragon, this phenomenon is not only in the composite material red. Shi Mi et al. [8] also took AZ91 magnesium alloy as an example. The material has undergone three different temperatures of 4800c, 4000c, and 3000c. Hot extrusion type. The grain sizes after extrusion are 66J handsome, 15 4 μm and 76 μm. The m value also increased 'from 0.2 to 0.5 as the temperature decreased, and the elongation also increased from 30% to 31%. From the results, it can be observed that the extrusion behavior at 300 C, the superplastic behavior of AZ91 ball alloy is the best. 2.6 Reciproca extrusion (Reciproca extrusion) The reciprocating extrusion [1η] developed by Ye Junwei Laboratory of Tsinghua University can effectively refine the grain gradually and pass through multiple (about six to eight) reciprocating extrusion. The test piece can have a good superplasticity at 2000 (m00c and ΐχΐ0.3), and the maximum elongation is about 1000/0. This method is basically similar to the above-mentioned equal-diameter corner casting method. All can be used to effectively refine the grain gradually by accumulating the amount of deformation, and is currently being tested. Only the industrial Gu Lai Xianlin specially designed reciprocating extruder will cause difficulties for unfamiliar people; and six to There are also several considerations for the eight times of extrusion, and the finished product after the reciprocating extrusion is mostly a bar or cylindrical material. If a plate is needed, it may need to be extruded or rolled. Although it is very effective Process, but it is more ideal if it can achieve the same effect with a simpler process. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 83. 3.10,000 (Please read the back (Please fill in this page again)

528621 經濟部中夹播準扃貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 表、發明説明（z) 3· AZ31低溫與高速超塑性開發之訴求與低溫成形之施行本發明之訴求有以下數點： (1) 採用目如常用也是廉價之商用之鎂合金，即AZ31，乃一種固溶強化型(solution hardening)以及可鍛造(wrought-type)之鎂合金，其價格僅略高於析出強化型 (precipitatiqn hardening)且鑄造用（casMype)之^91 鎂合金，^31 鎂合金價格約為其他AM或ZK類鎂合金之一半。 (2) 採用工業界最簡易可行之製程，即單道道擠型。 (3) 針對業界講κ率及成本，故提高超塑性發生之應魏率和降低超塑性發生之溫度均在考量之内。 (4) 提升鎮合金之室溫塑性，使室溫拉伸量提高至5〇%卩上可以施行簡單形狀之室溫成形。 (5) 利用低溫高速超塑性’設計於刚。以下之熱油或熱水浴中施行連續壓製成形。 4. 使用材料八本發明所使用之材料為細（綱為M祕ιζη)敏材材料來源蹲自力 A 3成本低’精確成分如表二所示。此材料已經長時間均質化處理，處於固雜況’ ___物，_省去再作_處理之手續，較先前開發之析出強化型AZW鎮合金⑽胁擠形前加—道固溶熱處理為簡化，對工業應用屬有利之因素。 5·材料加工製程本紙張尺錢财 _ W) —---— _ 83. 3. !〇,〇〇〇 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)528621 Printed A7 B7 form and description of the invention by the podcasting Zhuhai Beigong Consumer Cooperative in the Ministry of Economic Affairs (z) 3 · AZ31 Request for low-temperature and high-speed superplastic development and implementation of low-temperature forming The requirements of the present invention are as follows: (1 ) Adopt the commonly used and cheap commercial magnesium alloy, namely AZ31, which is a solution hardening and wrought-type magnesium alloy, whose price is only slightly higher than precipitation strengthening (precipitatiqn hardening) ) And ^ 91 magnesium alloy for casting (casMype), ^ 31 magnesium alloy is about half the price of other AM or ZK magnesium alloys. (2) Adopt the simplest and feasible process in the industry, that is, single-channel extrusion. (3) According to the industry, the κ rate and cost are considered, so increasing the rate of occurrence of superplasticity and reducing the temperature of superplasticity are both considered. (4) The room temperature plasticity of the ballast alloy is improved, and the room temperature stretching amount is increased to 50%. Room temperature forming in a simple shape can be performed. (5) Utilizing low temperature and high speed superplasticity 'is designed for rigid steel. Continuous compression molding is performed in the following hot oil or hot water bath. 4. Materials used The materials used in the present invention are fine (class M M ιζη) sensitive materials. Squat strength A 3 Low cost ’The exact composition is shown in Table 2. This material has been homogenized for a long time, and it is in the state of solids and impurities. _ Omit the process of _ treatment. Compared with the previously developed precipitation-reinforced AZW town alloy, the pre-thrust extrusion is added. The solution heat treatment is Simplification is a favorable factor for industrial applications. 5 · Material processing process Paper rule money _ W) —---- _ 83. 3.! 〇, 〇〇〇 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

C 訂 528621 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作衽印製 83. 3.10,000 A7 _____B7 五·、發明説明（7 ) 原始的鎢錠經過簡易擠型，再經過拉伸性質的測試、顯微結構觀察與分析。本發明所述操作料尺寸，均為縮小試片尺寸，實際工業操作可等比例加大尺寸實施。擠型溫度界於200-400 °C之間，將鑄材車製成圓柱狀壓型體（直徑為65_)，再將材料放置於擠型機前，運用擠型模具喷上氮化硼，使得在擠型時減少材料與模具間的摩擦力。最後將材料置於擠型機之盛桶部分，然後加熱盛桶與模具部分。本專利所用之單道簡易擠型，乃為工業界最簡單可行之方法，採用高擠型比 (extrusionrati〇5 ER)之擠製法，所用之擠型機功率需夠大，以使出力足夠。擠型溫度固定於單一溫度，可於250-350 °C之間，最好於300 〇C±30oC上下。本發明所使用之高擠型比之擠製法，乃提高一般擠型之10:1或2〇:1之擠型比，增加至1〇〇:1以上，最好至150:1以上，亦即擠型真實應變量ε提高至4·6 (=lnl〇〇)以上，最好至5 〇 (1η150)以上。其中擠型比定義為：ER=A〇/Af;面積縮減率定義為·· RA’A^AfyA。；真實應變量（true strain，ε)定義為：s=ln(A〇/Af)。其中 A〇為初始圓柱狀壓型體之截面積，而Af為擠型後之戴面積。針對AZ31鎂合金所施行之簡易單道擠型範例，乃以擠型比為166:1 (ε=51)製出之板材來說明其實施效果。原鑄材圓柱壓型體直徑為65 _，擠型後板材成品，共有三種，第一為寬度為10mm而厚度為2111111;第二為寬度為13 3mm而厚度為15_; 第二為寬度為20 mm而厚度為1 _，擠型比均為166 ·· 1。對工業界大件之擠型，可等比例加大尺寸，如以一般之鑄錠尺寸，截面直徑約可裁為2〇〇mm，截面積為3i4i6 111111擠出板材約150111311寬’ 2111111厚，則擠型比為105:1，已達低溫超塑性之製作要求;如擠出板材約150 mm寬，1.5 mm厚，則擠型比為140:1;或以截面直徑25〇_，截面積為49087 mm2，擠出寬150 mm厚2 mm之板材，則擠型比為164:卜這種擠型本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Order 528621 Consumption cooperation with employees of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 衽 83. 3.10,000 A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention (7) The original tungsten ingot was simply extruded, and then tested for tensile properties and microstructure observation and analyse. The sizes of the operating materials described in the present invention are all reducing the size of the test piece, and the actual industrial operation can be carried out by increasing the size in proportion. The extrusion temperature range is between 200-400 ° C. The casting car is made into a cylindrical pressing body (65_ in diameter), and the material is placed in front of the extrusion machine, and boron nitride is sprayed on the extrusion die. This reduces the friction between the material and the die during extrusion. Finally, the material is placed in the barrel portion of the extruder, and then the barrel and the mold portion are heated. The single-channel simple extrusion molding used in this patent is the simplest and feasible method in the industry. The extrusion method with a high extrusion ratio (extrusionrati5 ER) requires the power of the extrusion machine to be large enough to provide sufficient output. The extrusion temperature is fixed at a single temperature, which can be between 250-350 ° C, preferably around 300 ° C ± 30oC. The extrusion method with a high extrusion ratio used in the present invention is to increase the extrusion ratio of 10: 1 or 20: 1 to 100: 1 or more, and more preferably 150: 1 or more. That is, the extruded true strain ε is increased to more than 4 · 6 (= ln100), and preferably to more than 50 (1η150). The extrusion ratio is defined as: ER = A〇 / Af; the area reduction rate is defined as RA'A ^ AfyA. ; The true strain (ε) is defined as: s = ln (A〇 / Af). Among them, A0 is the cross-sectional area of the initial cylindrical pressing body, and Af is the wearing area after extrusion. For the simple single-pass extrusion example of AZ31 magnesium alloy, the effect of implementation is explained with a sheet made with an extrusion ratio of 166: 1 (ε = 51). The diameter of the original casting cylinder is 65 mm. There are three types of finished plate products. The first is a width of 10 mm and the thickness is 2111111. The second is a width of 13 3 mm and the thickness is 15_. The second is a width of 20. The thickness is 1 mm, and the extrusion ratio is 166 ·· 1. For the extrusion of large pieces in the industrial world, the size can be increased in proportion. For example, with the general ingot size, the cross-sectional diameter can be cut to about 200mm, and the cross-sectional area is 3i4i6 111111. The extruded sheet is about 150111311 wide and 2111111 thick. The extrusion ratio is 105: 1, which has reached the production requirements of low temperature superplasticity; if the extruded sheet is about 150 mm wide and 1.5 mm thick, the extrusion ratio is 140: 1; or the cross-sectional diameter is 25 °, the cross-sectional area It is 49087 mm2, and a sheet of 150 mm wide and 2 mm thick is extruded. The extruding ratio is 164: This type of extrusion is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm). (Please read the (Please fill in this page again)

528621 A7 B7 五·、發明説明（？）經濟部中央檩準局員工消費合作衽印製板材將具絕佳之低溫塑性，可能早已超過工業商品之要求。本發明所使用的擠型機為國内功益公司製造，KCAEp_35GE型銅細高溫擠製機。為雙剛橫軸式油壓擠製機，最高出力35〇嘲。工業界實作所需之擠型機，須提高為1000噸上下。如出力不夠，也可施行兩段累積擠型[18]。 6·機械拉伸性質測試本發明所使用的拉伸試片，依美國材料試驗學會（ASTM)之規格車製，標距長為5.5 mm，而標距長軸與材料擠型的方向平行。另拉伸試驗機為ι输如5582型萬能試驗機，該試驗機配有三區加熱高溫爐。速度的控制是以固定夾頭速度法（⑺⑽恤 cross head speed)為主’分別進行室溫及中高溫之拉伸。室溫時，測試的應變速率為 lxlO-3 s·1，主要量測材料室溫的極限拉伸強度與室溫伸長量。而中高溫的測試在綱〇C 以上，分別以 2XKT4、8xl0·4、lxl(T3、2xl(T3、8xl(T3 與 2xl〇·2 s·1 為起始應變速率。 7·微觀組織觀察結果首先我們將AZ31鎂合金鑄錠作金相分析，晶粒大小大約為7〇μιη，而經過不同的熱擠型後的其晶粒大小也有所差異，加工量越大時，其晶粒也越細化。^31鎂合金經過高擠型比(>100:1)之板材擠型，可以得到^ _的薄片，這有助於電子外殼成型的簡易性，並且把晶粒細化至2·5 μηι，如圖一所示。試片經過丨小時15〇_3⑻。c 的靜態退火，觀察到晶界變的更為明顯，晶粒大小也沒有太大的改變維持2·6到2·8 μπι，在300 C保持1-10小時，晶粒大小也約2.8-3.9 μηι，如表三所示說明晶粒尺寸在300°C以下呈現很穩定的狀態，並且暗喻αζ31鎂合金晶粒結構經過較高的擠型後，材料在300°C以下長時間的加工成型仍然可以維持其晶粒大小。不過在35〇Qc保 ^^張尺度適用中國國家標準（〇叫44規格（21(^297公釐) " 83. 3.10,000 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·.»裝· 訂經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作衽印製 83. 3.10,000 528621 A7 B7 五、發明説明（f) 持M0小時，晶粒便有較明顯粗大化的現象，晶粒大小約為5-7 μιη。 8·從機性測試印證本發明操作之成效 8·1室溫之機械性質圖二所示為ΑΖ31鎂合金原始材料及經過加工擠型之工程應力及應變圖。原始 ΑΖ31鑄錠在25。(：，lxlO-%-1拉伸條件下，其降伏強度、最大抗拉強度及伸長量分別為100 MPa、160 MPa及9%。不過在經過高擠型比加工後，其最大抗拉強度可達323 MPa，而伸長量甚至可到45%。相較之下，同樣擠型後的5〇83鋁合金，室溫拉伸長 1則約只有15%，微組織也屬較不明顯的次晶粒，^31鎂合金之動態再結晶速度明顯南過紹合金。從本專利製程結果，高擠型比的AZ31鎂合金，要比一般粗晶粒之AZ31合金，及相同擠型後之5083鋁合金有明顯較高的室溫伸長量，同時也較先前申請之AZ91 鎖合金專利案中[18]之AZ91室溫伸長量(20%)為高，對工業界使用az31鎂合金來作室溫或低溫成形，是一項有利指標。針對2 mm厚度之AZ31的薄板，施以不同溫度及時間的靜態退火，可以觀察到室溫拉伸強度及伸長量並沒有明顯地改變，最大的伸長量是經過200。<：、1小時的退火條件所得約為35%。不過當溫度升高到3〇〇〇c以上，機械性質便明顯地改變，例如經過350°C、1〇小時的退火條件試片，其最大抗拉強度降至268 Mpa而伸長量也約為21%。針對15 _厚度之A231的薄板，施以類同之靜態退火，結果類似，其最大的伸長量更可以提升至50%以上。圖二所示為AZ31鎂合金之降伏強度與最大抗拉強度對晶粒倒數開更號(d-i/2)之趨勢圖，隨晶粒之細化，強度明顯上升，其關係式可表示為本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 528621 經濟部中央標準局員工消％印繁 A7 --------- --B7_ 五'、發明説明（/。） CJys = 56 -f 348 d'1/2 . 5 [1] 及（Juts: 133 + 307 (Γ1/2 · [2] 式子中之斜率約為3〇〇-35〇MPa>mi/2之間，比銘合金之斜率〜6〇廳W2要高的多 [9]顯示鎂合金細化後所獲得的晶粒強化效果要比銘合金高的多。 8·2低溫超塑性之表現 ®!M2mmAZ31薄片在不同藏度及不同拉伸速率之真實應力及應變範例圖。當試片有較高的伸長量時，AZ3!在8=1〇前有應變硬化的現象，不過隨後便快速軟化。經過不同拉伸條件測試可以發現AZ31在低溫及高速仍存在優異的超塑性行為。圖五所示在250-300〇C，不同應變速率下所對應的伸長量。最大的低溫超塑性發生在· C ’ lxlOi1拉伸條件伸長量約9〇〇%，而在3〇〇〇c，8x1〇-3〆時也可達到別％的拉 ^ ^ 300〇C ^ 2χ1〇-2^ Ιχίο- s-i m〇/〇A 210〇/〇^t*t , 製程之AZ31鎂合金已具有低溫且高速超塑性（一般國際認定在丨祕2 y速率以上呈現200%社之伸長量，即算為高速趣性）。圖六所錢關溫度及顧速率下的拉伸外硯圖，可觀察到試片呈現均勻變型，並且沒有局部頸縮現象，從測試後的試片外觀來看，呈現相當均勻之變形。本發明乃使職價之鎂合金，且制最簡易之一道擠型法，即可獲得極佳之低溫且高速超塑性，有進步性與實用性。圖七表不AZ31從室溫到35(rc，1χ1()·3 s.i拉伸條件下之伸長量變化，可觀察到伸長量變化約為5_/。。針對3C電子用品外殼成型，最低的伸長量約為卿，故可將加項材料·油财或者雜的熱水概據力賴（ρ咖細㈣，該結絲示材餘過高_比_後祕魏巾做_，輯歡業顧是_種簡便有效的製程。 111 1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·裝. ，1Τ 本紙張尺度適用中國國格（210χ297公釐) 83. 3.1〇,〇〇〇 528621 A7 經濟部中央檩準局員工消費合作、社印製 B7五、發明説明（// ) 圖八為AZ31在ε〜0.5時，不同溫度下應力對應變速率之關係圖。在理想低溫超塑性的情況下’流應力大約在5-15 MPa之區間，表面應變速率敏感值（apparent贫瓜化 rate sensitivity)大約為〇·3左右，不過當考慮臨界應力值(thresh〇ld stress)時，其真實應變速率敏感值（true strain rate sensitivity)約為0·4 ,這也意味晶界滑移及溶質拖曳潛變控制了整個變形機構。值得注意的是，如此低之5-15 MPa抗拉強度，可使後續之成形施力隨之降低’如以press forging或press forming操作AZ31鎮合金之機殼成形時，較低之成形施力是工業運用之直接且重大有利因素，對機器負載及模具損耗，均是相當正面的。 9·比較本專利與等徑轉角壓製後之性質等徑轉角擠壓（ECAP)是一種減小晶粒尺寸及改善低溫及高速超塑性之製程方法’該製程針對銘合金有很好的效果，不過在鎮合金方面卻僅有較少的報告。第一篇有關AZ91鎂合金文獻是由Mabuchi在1997年所發表[6]，該合金在175 〇c經過八次的等角擠型，晶粒大小約為1 μιη，在200oC , 6xl(T5s-1下可得到661%伸長量呈現低溫超塑性之性質。相似ECAp製程針對AZ31鎂合金也可得大約i μχη [2〇]，該試片經過300 °C，24小時退火後，可得到輪廓較清晰的晶界，而室溫的伸長量大約為 50% [2〇]，除此之外ECAP製程針對純鎂及鎂鋁二元合金系統也都有不錯的室溫拉伸性質。表四為ECAP與本實驗高擠型比比較，兩者的真實應變分別為6_8及5左右。製程應變的差異而使的兩者晶粒尺寸有些微的不同。在最佳低溫超塑性，高擠型比及 ECAP兩種製程，都在低溫時呈現超過6〇〇%優異伸長量，而兩種的製程條件在室溫拉伸時也都有45%以上的伸長量，遠高於一般粗晶的鎂合金(一般<15%)，所以現行丄本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X29*7公釐） 83. 3· 10,000 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) C·528621 A7 B7 V. Explanation of the invention (?) The printed materials produced by the Central Consumers' Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs will have excellent low-temperature plasticity, which may have already exceeded the requirements of industrial commodities. The extruder used in the present invention is a KCAEp_35GE copper fine high temperature extruder manufactured by Gongyi Company of China. It is a double rigid horizontal axis hydraulic extrusion machine with a maximum output of 35 °. The extruder needed for industrial implementation must be increased to 1,000 tons. If the output is not enough, two-stage cumulative extrusion can also be implemented [18]. 6. Mechanical tensile property test The tensile test piece used in the present invention is manufactured according to the specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The gauge length is 5.5 mm, and the long axis of the gauge length is parallel to the extrusion direction of the material. Another tensile testing machine is a universal testing machine such as the Model 5582, which is equipped with a three-zone heating high-temperature furnace. The speed control is mainly based on the fixed cross head speed method, and the stretching is performed at room temperature and medium and high temperature, respectively. At room temperature, the test strain rate is lxlO-3 s · 1, and the ultimate tensile strength and room temperature elongation of the material are mainly measured. For high and medium temperature tests above 0 ° C, the initial strain rates are 2XKT4, 8xl0 · 4, lxl (T3, 2xl (T3, 8xl (T3 and 2xl0 · 2 s · 1). 7. Microstructure observation results First, we used AZ31 magnesium alloy ingot for metallographic analysis. The grain size is about 70μιη. After different hot extrusion, the grain size is also different. The larger the processing amount, the more the grain size will be. Refinement. ^ 31 magnesium alloy is extruded through a plate with a high extrusion ratio (> 100: 1) to obtain ^ _ flakes, which facilitates the ease of forming the electronic shell, and refines the grains to 2 · 5 μηι, as shown in Fig. 1. After static annealing of 丨 hour 15 ～ 3⑻.c, it is observed that the grain boundary becomes more obvious, and the grain size does not change much. Maintain 2 · 6 to 2 · 8 μπι, maintained at 300 C for 1-10 hours, and the grain size is also about 2.8-3.9 μηι. As shown in Table 3, the grain size shows a very stable state below 300 ° C, and it is a metaphor for αζ31 magnesium alloy grains. After the structure is extruded at a high level, the material can still maintain its grain size after long-time processing under 300 ° C. However, 35〇Qc guarantee ^^ Zhang scales apply Chinese national standards (〇 called 44 specifications (21 (^ 297 mm) " 83. 3.10,000 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page). Ordered by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs for the consumption cooperation of employees 83. 3.10,000 528621 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (f) When M0 is maintained, the grains will be significantly coarsened, and the grain size is about 5-7 μιη. 8. The mechanical test confirms the effectiveness of the operation of the present invention. 8.1 Mechanical properties at room temperature. Figure 2 shows the engineering stress and strain diagram of the AZ31 magnesium alloy raw material and processed extrusion. The original AZ31 ingot was cast at 25 . (:, LxlO-%-1 tensile conditions, its drop strength, maximum tensile strength and elongation are 100 MPa, 160 MPa, and 9%. However, after high extrusion ratio processing, its maximum tensile strength The strength can reach 323 MPa, and the elongation can even reach 45%. In comparison, the same extruded 5083 aluminum alloy has a tensile length of about 15% at room temperature, and the microstructure is less obvious. The secondary grain size of the ^ 31 magnesium alloy is significantly faster than that of the South-Chaoshao alloy. From the results of this patent process, high extrusion The AZ31 magnesium alloy has a significantly higher room temperature elongation than the general coarse-grained AZ31 alloy and the same extruded 5083 aluminum alloy. At the same time, it is also higher than the previously applied AZ91 lock alloy patent case [18] The AZ91 elongation at room temperature (20%) is high, which is a favorable indicator for the industry to use az31 magnesium alloy for room temperature or low temperature forming. For AZ31 sheets with a thickness of 2 mm, different temperatures and times are applied. Static annealing can be observed that the tensile strength and elongation at room temperature have not changed significantly. The maximum elongation is 200. <: An hour's tempering condition yields about 35%. However, when the temperature rises above 3000 ° C, the mechanical properties change significantly. For example, after 350 ° C and 10 hours annealing conditions, the maximum tensile strength is reduced to 268 Mpa and the elongation is also about twenty one%. For a thin sheet of 15_ thickness A231, similar static annealing is applied. The results are similar, and the maximum elongation can be increased to more than 50%. Figure 2 shows the trend of the drop strength and maximum tensile strength of the AZ31 magnesium alloy to the reciprocal of the grains (di / 2). As the grains are refined, the strength is significantly increased. The relationship can be expressed as Paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order 528621 Staff of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs printed% A7 -------- ---B7_ Five ', description of the invention (/.) CJys = 56 -f 348 d'1/2. 5 [1] and (Juts: 133 + 307 (Γ1 / 2 · [2] where the slope is about It is between 300-350 MPa > mi / 2, which is much higher than the slope of Ming alloy ~ 60 Hall W2 [9] shows that the grain strengthening effect obtained after magnesium alloy refinement is higher than that of Ming alloy 8 · 2 Low-temperature superplastic performance ®! M2mmAZ31 sheet in different hiding degrees and different tensile rates of real stress and strain examples. When the test piece has a higher elongation, AZ3! At 8 = 1〇 There was a phenomenon of strain hardening before, but then it quickly softened. After testing under different tensile conditions, it can be found that AZ31 still has excellent superplastic behavior at low temperature and high speed. Figure 5 The corresponding elongation is shown at 250-300 ° C at different strain rates. The largest low-temperature superplasticity occurs at · C 'lxlOi1 elongation of about 900% under tensile conditions, and at 300c, 8x1 At 〇-3〆, it can also achieve other percent pull ^ ^ 300〇C ^ 2χ1〇-2 ^ Ιχίο- si m〇 / 〇A 210〇 / 〇 ^ t * t, the AZ31 magnesium alloy has a low temperature and high speed Superplasticity (generally, it is internationally recognized that the elongation of 200% of the company is above the rate of 2 y, which is regarded as high-speed fun.) The film shows uniform deformation, and there is no local necking phenomenon. From the appearance of the test piece after the test, it shows fairly uniform deformation. The present invention is to make a magnesium alloy with a high price and one of the simplest extrusion methods. Obtaining excellent low temperature and high speed superplasticity, it has progress and practicability. Figure 7 shows the change in elongation of AZ31 from room temperature to 35 (rc, 1χ1 () · 3 si tensile conditions, and the elongation can be observed. The change is about 5_ /. For the molding of 3C electronic supplies, the minimum elongation is about 10%, so additional materials and oil can be added. Or the miscellaneous hot water is based on the strength of (ρCa fine ㈣, the knot wire display material is too high _ than _ Hou Mi Wei towel _, Ji Huan Ye Gu Gu _ a simple and effective process. 111 1 (Please first Read the notes on the reverse side and fill in this page again.) · Installation, 1T This paper size is applicable to the national standard of China (210 × 297 mm) 83. 3.1〇, 〇〇〇528621 A7 Printed by the staff of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs for consumer cooperation and social printing B7 V. Description of the invention (//) Figure 8 shows the relationship between stress and strain rate at different temperatures when AZ31 is ε ~ 0.5. In the case of ideal low temperature superplasticity, the flow stress is in the range of 5-15 MPa, and the surface strain rate sensitivity is about 0.3. However, when considering the critical stress value stress), its true strain rate sensitivity is about 0.4, which also means that grain boundary slip and solute drag creep control the entire deformation mechanism. It is worth noting that such a low tensile strength of 5-15 MPa can reduce the subsequent forming force. For example, when the AZ31 alloy casing is formed by press forging or press forming, the lower forming force is lower. It is a direct and significant favorable factor for industrial use. It is quite positive for machine load and mold wear. 9 · Comparison of the properties of this patent with equal-angle corner pressing. Equal-angle corner extrusion (ECAP) is a process method to reduce grain size and improve low temperature and high-speed superplasticity. This process has a good effect on Ming alloy. However, there have been fewer reports on town alloys. The first literature on AZ91 magnesium alloy was published by Mabuchi in 1997 [6]. The alloy was subjected to eight equal angular extrusions at 175 ° C. The grain size was about 1 μm at 200oC, 6xl (T5s- It can obtain 661% elongation at 1 temperature and exhibit low-temperature superplasticity. Similar ECAp process can also obtain about i μχη [2〇] for AZ31 magnesium alloy. After testing at 300 ° C for 24 hours, the profile can be obtained. Clear grain boundaries, and the elongation at room temperature is about 50% [20]. In addition, the ECAP process also has good room temperature tensile properties for pure magnesium and magnesium-aluminum binary alloy systems. Compared with the high extrusion ratio of this experiment, the true strain of the two is about 6_8 and 5. The difference in process strain makes the grain size of the two slightly different. At the best low temperature superplasticity, the high extrusion ratio Both ECAP and ECAP processes exhibit excellent elongation of more than 600% at low temperature, and both process conditions also have elongation of more than 45% when stretched at room temperature, which is much higher than that of ordinary coarse-grained magnesium. Alloy (generally < 15%), so the current standard paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Grid (210X29 * 7 mm) 83.3 * 10,000 (Please read the Notes on the back to fill out this page) C ·

、tT 528621 A7 B7 五、發明説明（A?) 的熱機處理過程如高擠型比或ECAP都可以有效地將晶粒細化及改善室溫的機械性質。 10.比較AZ31及AZ91經過高擠型比的性質表四中也包含AZ31及AZ91經過相同加工條件後的性質比較，隨著銘含量的辦加，β析出物（MgnA^)也隨著愈多，在室溫時^91比乂31呈現較高的強度及較低的伸長量。同時AZ91合金中之細小β析出物的存在，能夠在低溫拉伸時有效地控制晶粒尺寸。在300°C，lxlO·3 S·1下可得到1200%伸長量[18]，比^31在28〇〇c， IxlO·4 s·1下之900%還高。不過AZ31經高擠型比擠形後之室溫拉伸量（5〇%)明顯高於AZ91(20%)。AZ31本身即為可鍛造(wrought)之合金，室溫延性在未經擠形前粗晶粒時之拉伸量就較高，因此利用AZ31之優異室溫及低溫拉伸量，可以設計以下之簡易連續壓製成形法。 11·於熱油或熱水浴中施行壓製成形之方法從圖七可看出’經高擠型比擠出之AZ31鎂合金薄板，於室溫時已有〜50%之拉伸量，因此在室溫〜25°C已可以施作簡單之成形，如拉伸成形（stretchf〇rming)或滾壓造型(roll forming)等。如須作進一步較複雜之板材成形，則可提高成形溫度，圖七顯示在75-100°C時，高擠型比擠出之AZ31鎂合金薄板呈現100_14〇%之拉伸量，已足夠工業界施行相當程度之成形。圖九為一簡單之設計示意圖，鎂合金薄板材(8)從左方以滾筒傳送進一預熱池(2) (preheat bath)，池内注入75-100°C之熱油或熱水(1)，鎂合金薄板逐漸加熱後傳送到最左方之成形池内⑷(press forming bath)，此池内仍注a相同75-l〇〇°C之熱油或熱水，本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） ' -------------ΜΛ! (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 丁 f 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 528621 Α7 Β7 經濟部中夬榡準局貝工消費合作'杜印製五、發明説明（/多）使鎂合金薄板保持溫度。成形池内下槽為下模具(3)(die)，板材上方為成形壓頭 ⑺(upper ram fixed with shaped tup)，可以油壓調整上下運動速度。成形池外槽壁内上半段内，加裝可上下螺旋轉動（screw-driven)之裝置⑹，以便固定傳送進來之鎮合金薄板，在板材進行超塑壓製成形時使外圈固定（flxedfrange)，等成形完畢後再進一步下降’可用為切割器(6)(cutter)來切斷成形件。施行基本步驟為： (一）安裝下模具與上壓頭。 (一）注入75-100°C之熱油或熱水於預熱池與成形池。 (三）啟動輸送帶，以合適之速度傳送鎂合金薄板，薄板迅速在預熱池中加熱。 (四）鎂合金薄板進入成形池，池壁螺旋裝置下降固定板材。 (五）成形壓頭以合適之速度下壓板材成形。 (六）成形完畢後，池壁螺旋裝置進一步下降，穿透板材切斷成形件與板材。 (七）成形壓頭及池壁螺旋裝置上升，機械手取出成形件。 (八）後續鎂合金薄板跟進傳入成形池，第四步以後步驟重複進行，施行連續成形。如需從事更高變形量之成形，需具備約200-250%之材料拉伸延展性，則從圖七看出，可使用加熱至150°C之熱矽油（8出〇)11〇丨1>，取代上述之75-100。(：之熱油或熱水，其他成形裝置流程相同。本設計成形法具有以下特色： (一）充分利用薄板擠型出來之AZ31鎂合金的低溫高速超塑性，成形溫度降至 100QC上下，成形速率約在5χ10·2-5χ10·3 s4之間（以成形變形量ε〜0.5-1.0來計算，完成成形約需10-200秒，即1-3分鐘）。 (二）無須使用密閉之高溫成形爐，因溫度已大幅下降。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ 297公釐） 528621 經濟部中央榡準局員工消費合作杜印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（/夺） (二）無須使用傳統複雜之氣吹超塑成形裝置（gas blowing bulging superplastic forming)，直接使用公母模具與沖壓頭下壓，實施壓製成形（press forming)。 (四）使用熱油或熱水加熱鎂合金，成本低，且油水可連續循環加熱使用。 (五）採連續成形，無須開爐關爐花長時間預熱，整體成形速度大幅提升，每件成形約需1-3分鐘（一般超塑成形公司，雖使用中速或高速超塑性板材，成形本身時間僅需1-3分鐘以内，但開爐關爐及預熱時間卻需4〇分鐘以上）。 12·工廢一貫化系統及考慮排屑壓製程行機圖十為工廠一貫化系統之配置圖，利用該簡單的製程與成形系統便可以大大地節省時間及成本。圖巾最左方為如本發明個之娜機⑼，擠形後之金薄板經輸送機(10)傳送至右方成形機(u)内（細部如圖九），成形後可以砂輪機⑽作細部去毛邊修整。盼-為進-步考篇縣序之賴成職示細，現行的冗電子商品的外觀，如通訊n材耕殼，會有按_接_版，或會有穿洞等需要，故需考慮排眉問題，本設計圖在板材上方，加裝各式固定模⑼、成形上模⑼、切模或鑽模⑼，可與壓製成咖步或先後進行，也可以航整_加1時間及成本。 I — (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、-5t» 線TT 528621 A7 B7 V. The heat treatment process of the invention (A?) Such as high extrusion ratio or ECAP can effectively refine the grains and improve the mechanical properties of the room temperature. 10. Compare the properties of AZ31 and AZ91 after high extrusion ratio. Table 4 also contains the comparison of the properties of AZ31 and AZ91 after the same processing conditions. As the content of the amine is increased, the β precipitate (MgnA ^) also increases. At room temperature, ^ 91 exhibits higher strength and lower elongation than 乂 31. At the same time, the presence of fine β precipitates in the AZ91 alloy can effectively control the grain size during low temperature stretching. At 300 ° C, 1200% elongation can be obtained at lxlO · 3 S · 1 [18], which is higher than 900% at ^ 31 at 2800c and IxlO · 4 s · 1. However, the room temperature tensile strength (50%) of AZ31 after high extrusion ratio extrusion is significantly higher than that of AZ91 (20%). AZ31 itself is a wrought alloy. The room-temperature ductility is higher when the coarse grains are not extruded before extrusion. Therefore, using the excellent room-temperature and low-temperature elongation of AZ31, the following can be designed: Simple continuous press forming method. 11 · The method of press forming in hot oil or hot water bath can be seen from Figure VII. AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet extruded through high extrusion ratio has a stretch of ~ 50% at room temperature, so Simple forming can be performed at room temperature to 25 ° C, such as stretch forming or roll forming. If it is necessary to make more complex sheet forming, the forming temperature can be increased. Figure 7 shows that at 75-100 ° C, the high extrusion ratio of the extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet shows a stretch of 100_14%, which is sufficient. The industry has implemented considerable shaping. Figure 9 is a simple design schematic diagram. The magnesium alloy sheet (8) is transferred by a roller from the left into a preheat bath (2) (preheat bath), and the bath is filled with hot oil or hot water at 75-100 ° C (1). After the magnesium alloy sheet is gradually heated, it is transferred to the leftmost press forming bath. The bath is still filled with hot oil or hot water at the same temperature of 75-100 ° C. The dimensions of this paper apply Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 size (210X 297 mm) '------------- ΜΛ! (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) Printed 528621 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Central Bureau of quasi-government shellfish consumer cooperation, Du printed 5. Description of the invention (/ multiple) Keep the magnesium alloy sheet at a temperature. The lower groove in the forming pool is the lower die (die), and the upper part of the plate is the upper ram fixed with shaped tup, which can adjust the vertical movement speed by oil pressure. In the upper half of the outer tank wall of the forming pool, a screw-driven device ⑹ can be installed to fix the incoming alloy sheet. The outer ring is fixed during the superplastic pressing of the plate (flxedfrange). After the forming is completed, it can be lowered further. It can be used as a cutter (6) to cut the formed part. The basic steps are as follows: (1) Install the lower mold and the upper indenter. (1) Inject hot oil or hot water at 75-100 ° C into the preheating pool and forming pool. (3) Start the conveyor belt to transfer the magnesium alloy sheet at a suitable speed, and the sheet is quickly heated in the preheating pool. (4) The magnesium alloy sheet enters the forming pool, and the spiral device of the pool wall lowers and fixes the plate. (5) The forming head presses the sheet to form at a suitable speed. (6) After the forming is completed, the pool wall spiral device further descends and penetrates the sheet to cut the formed part and the sheet. (VII) The forming head and the spiral device of the pool wall are raised, and the manipulator takes out the forming part. (8) The subsequent magnesium alloy sheet is followed up into the forming pool, and the fourth step and the subsequent steps are repeated to perform continuous forming. If you need to engage in higher deformation, you need to have about 200-250% material stretch ductility. As shown in Figure 7, you can use a hot silicone oil heated to 150 ° C (8 出〇) 11〇丨 1 >, Instead of the above 75-100. (: The hot oil or hot water, other forming equipment processes are the same. This design forming method has the following characteristics: (1) Make full use of the low-temperature and high-speed superplasticity of the AZ31 magnesium alloy extruded from the thin plate, the forming temperature is reduced to about 100QC, forming The rate is between 5x10 · 2-5x10 · 3 s4 (calculated based on the amount of forming deformation ε ~ 0.5-1.0, and it takes about 10-200 seconds, that is, 1-3 minutes) to complete the forming. (2) It is not necessary to use a closed high temperature The temperature of the forming furnace has dropped significantly. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page.) The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm). Cooperative Du printed A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (/) (2) It is not necessary to use a traditional and complicated gas blowing bulging superplastic forming device, and the male and female molds and the stamping head are directly pressed to perform the press forming. (Press forming) (4) Use hot oil or hot water to heat the magnesium alloy, the cost is low, and the oil and water can be continuously circulated and heated. (5) Continuous forming, no need to open and close the furnace for a long time Heat, the overall forming speed is greatly improved, and each piece takes about 1-3 minutes (general superplastic forming companies, although using medium-speed or high-speed superplastic sheet, the forming itself takes less than 1-3 minutes, but the furnace is turned off and the furnace is closed And preheating time needs more than 40 minutes). 12 · Consistent system of industrial waste and considering chip removal and pressing process Figure 10 is the configuration diagram of the factory's consistent system. Using this simple process and forming system can greatly Save time and cost. The far left side of the towel is the same machine as the present invention. The extruded gold sheet is conveyed by the conveyor (10) to the right forming machine (u) (details are shown in Figure 9) and formed. After that, you can use the grinder to make detailed deburring and trimming. Hope-for-advanced examination of the county sequence, Lai Cheng's job description, the current appearance of redundant electronic products, such as communication n material cultivating shells, will have _ 接 _ 版There may be the need to penetrate holes, so the eyebrow rowing problem needs to be considered. This design drawing is equipped with various fixed molds, forming upper molds, cutting molds or drill molds above the board. It has been done one after another, and it can also be rectified _ plus 1 time and cost. I — (Please read the back first Notes on filling out this page), -5t »line

528621 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 B7五、發明説明（/f)元件編號之說明 1 熱油或熱水 2 預熱池 3 下模具 4 成形池 5 外槽 6 螺旋固定及切割裝置 7 成形壓頭與上模具 8 鎂板材 9 擠形機 1〇輸送機 11 成形機 12 砂輪機 13 材料輸送帶 14 加熱器 15 油浴池 16 儲油槽 17 濾網 18 熱油 19 鎂屑 20 下模 21 上模 22 固定模 23 切模 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝·!· 訂本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210 X 297公釐） 528621 A7 _______JB7_ 五、發明説明（/6 ) 圖式說明圖一 AZ31鎂合金在⑻擠型後；⑻擠型後再經30()0(^]小時靜態退火之金相圖。圖一 AZ31鎮合金之原母材’經高擠型比擠型所得之2 mm及1 5 mm薄片的工程應力應變圖。圖三AZ31鎂合金之降伏強度及最大抗拉強度與晶粒大小之關係圖。圖四 AZ31鎂合金在⑻250。(：；（b) 280°C ;及(c) 300°C不同應變速率下之真實應力應變圖。圖五 AZ31鎂合金在250°C、280°C、及300°C之不周應變速率下所對應的伸長董。圖六 AZ31鎂合金試片經不同溫度及應變速率之拉伸試片外觀圖： ⑻ 250°C，lxltT4 s.1 ;⑼ 250°C，8xl(T3 s-1 ; (c) 280°C，lxl〇4 s-1 ; (d) 280°C，8xl0·3 s-1 ; (e) 300oC，lxlO"4 s-1 ; (f) 300°C，8xl(T3 s·1。經濟部中央標隼局貝工消費合作社印製圖七 AZ31鎂合金在ΐχΐ〇-3^應變速率，不同測試溫度下之伸長量。圖八 ΑΖ31鎂合金在250°C與30P°C時，流應變與應變速率之關係圖。圖九利用熱水或熱油浴之連續鍛壓成形機，鎂材自左方傳入。圖十工廠一貫化系統之配置圖。圖十一考慮排屑壓製成形機之示意圖。本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 528621 A7 B7 五、發明説明（/7 ) 參考文獻 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 · H. Watanabe, T. Mukai, K. Ishikawa, Y. Okanda and K. Higashi, J. Jpn. Inst. Light Metals, 49 (1999) 401. 2. Bussiba, A. B. Artzy, A. Shtechman, S. Ifergan and M. Kupiec, Mater. Sci. Eng., A302 (2001) 56. 3. H· Watanabe，H. Tsutsui，T. Mukai，K· Ishikawa，Y· Okanda，M· Kohzu and K. Higashi, Mater. Sci. Forum, 350-351 (2000) 171. 4. J. K. Solberg，J. Torklep，0· Bauger and H. Gjestland，Mater. Sci. Eng·，A134 (1991) 1201· 5. M. Mabuchi, T. Asahina, H. Iwasaki and K. Higashi, Mater. Sci.Tech.? 13 (1997) 825. 6. M. Mabuchi, H. Iwasaki, K. Yanase and K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 36 (1997) 681. 7. M. Mabuchi, M. Nakamura, K. Ameyama, H. Iwasaki and K.Higashi? Mater. Sci. Forrnn, 304-306 (1999) 67. 8. M. Mabuchi, K. Kubota and K. Higashi, Mater. Trans., JIM, 36 (1995) 1249. 9. J. Kaneko, M. Sugaxnata and N. Hisata, Mater. Sci. Forum, 304-306 (1999) 85. 10. H. Watanabe, T. Mxikai and K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 40 (1999) 477. 11. H. Wataaabe, T. Mukai and K. Higashi, Mater. Sci. Forum, 304-306 (1999) 303. 12. H. Watanabe, T. Mukai, M. Mabuchi and K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 41 (1999) 209. 13. Y. Liu, X. Wu9 Z. Li and Y. Xu5 in Proceedings of International Symposium on Materials Science and Technology, 1 (2000) 127. 14. V. M. Segal, Mater. Sci. Eng., A197, (1995) 157. 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 15. M. Mabuchi, K. Ametama, Iwasaki and K. Higashi, Acta mater., 47 (1999) 2047. 16. D. M. Lee, B. K. Suh, B. G. Kim, J. S. Lee and C. H. Lee, Mater. Sci. Tech., 13 (1997) 590. 17. R. G. Chang (under the guidance of J. W. Yeh)? Master Thesis, Tsing Hua University, 2000. 18. Η. K. Lin and J. C. Huang: filed in ROC patent tegistration, 2001 (file no. 090-112-725) 19. T. Mukai, K Ishikawa, and K. higashi, Mater. Sci. Eng., A204 (1995) 12. 20. T. Mukai, M. Yamanoi, H. Watanabe md K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 45 (2001) 89. 本紙琅尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐） 528621 A9 B9 C9 D9 五、發明說明冰）經濟慧財產局工消費合作社印表一文獻上報導之一般商用AZ與ZK系列鎂合金之超塑性整理合金處理方法晶粒尺寸 (μιη) 測試溫度 (°C) 測試速率 (s'1) 伸長量參考文獻 ΑΖ31 Extrusion 5 325 1χ104 608% 『1，19991 ΑΖ31 Extrusion 15 177 lxlO'5 120% [2, 2001] ΑΖ31 Extruded rod 一 450 1χ10'5 596% [3, 2000] Extruded sheet 375 6xl(T5 200% ΑΖ91 Conventional 250 3.3x10'3 110% [4, 1991] cast+extrusion 275 180% 300 170% RS+extrusion 250 >500% 275 >1000% 300 >1000% ΑΖ91 PM+extrusion 1.4 300 1χ10~2 280% [5, 1997] IM+extrusion 4.1 250 4ΧΪ0·4 430% ΑΖ91 ECAP 1 175 6x1 Ο·5 326% [6, 1997] 175 2ΧΚΤ4 180% [7, 1999] 200 6χ10-5 661% 200 ΙχΙίΤ4 400% 1.4 300 ΙχΙΟ'2 280% 4.1 250 3x1 (Τ4 430% ΑΖ91 Extrusion 7.6 300 ΙχΙΟ-5 310% [8, 1995] 15.4 150% ΑΖ91 Reciprocal ext. — 300 ΙχΙΟ-3 1000% [17, 2000] ΑΖ91 Extrusion 2.5 300 1χ1(Γ3 1200% [18, 2001] ΑΖ105 PM+extmsion 200 2x1 Ο·3 53% [9, 1999] 300 2χ1〇·3 400% 300 2x1 Ο·2 900% IM+extrusion wmmmmm 200 2χΐσ3 75% 300 2χ1〇·3 120% ΖΚ60 IM+extrusion 3.3 325 ΙχΙΟ·2 544% [10, 1999] 350 ΙχΙΟ-3 420% PM+extrusion 6.5 200 3x10'6 430% +annealing 225 ΙχΙΟ,5 400% ΖΚ60 Extrusion 3.2 300 4x1 Ο。 730% [5, 1997] ΖΚ61 1.8 350 ΙχΙΟ'1 450% ΖΚ60 Extrusion 3.3 325 ΙχΙΟ'3 370% [10, 1999] 325 ΙχΙΟ·2 544% [11，1999] 325 ΙχΙΟ·1 130% 350 ΙχΙΟ-3 420% 350 1χ1〇-2 320% 350 ΙχΙΟ-1 150% ΖΚ60 Extrusion+ 6.5 200 ΙχΙΟ'5~~ 240% [11，1999] annealing 225 ΙχΙΟ-5 430% 659% [12, 1999] 283% 100% ZK61 PM+extmsion 0.5 200 200 200 11 11 11 XXX 11 11 11528621 Printed by A7 B7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of invention (/ f) Description of component number 1 Hot oil or hot water 2 Preheating pool 3 Lower mold 4 Forming pool 5 Outer groove 6 Screw fixing and cutting Device 7 Forming head and upper die 8 Magnesium sheet 9 Extruder 10 Conveyor 11 Forming machine 12 Grinding machine 13 Material conveyor 14 Heater 15 Oil bath 16 Oil storage tank 17 Strainer 18 Hot oil 19 Magnesium chips 20 Lower die 21 Upper mold 22 Fixed mold 23 Cutting mold (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Installation ...! The size of the paper is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (210 X 297 mm) 528621 A7 _______JB7_ 5 、 Explanation of the invention (/ 6) Schematic illustration Figure 1: AZ31 magnesium alloy after upset extrusion; after the extrusion molding, 30 () 0 (^) hours of static annealing metallographic diagram. Figure 1: AZ31 town alloy's original mother Material's engineering stress-strain diagram of 2 mm and 15 mm flakes obtained by high extrusion ratio extrusion. Fig. 3 Relationship between the yield strength and maximum tensile strength of AZ31 magnesium alloy and grain size. Fig. 4 AZ31 magnesium alloy At ⑻250. (:; (B) 280 ° C; and (c) 300 ° C without The actual stress-strain diagram at the strain rate. Figure 5. The corresponding elongation of the AZ31 magnesium alloy at 250 ° C, 280 ° C, and 300 ° C. Figure 6. AZ31 magnesium alloy test piece subjected to different temperatures and Appearance of tensile test piece at strain rate: ⑻ 250 ° C, lxltT4 s.1; ⑼ 250 ° C, 8xl (T3 s-1; (c) 280 ° C, lx104 s-1; (d) 280 ° C, 8xl0 · 3 s-1; (e) 300oC, lxlO " 4 s-1; (f) 300 ° C, 8xl (T3 s · 1. Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs AZ31 magnesium alloy at ΐχΐ〇-3 ^ strain rate, elongation at different test temperatures. Figure 8 Relationship between flow strain and strain rate of AZ31 magnesium alloy at 250 ° C and 30P ° C. Figure 9 Using hot water or Continuous forging and forming machine for hot oil bath. Magnesium material is introduced from the left. Figure 10 Configuration diagram of the consistent system of the factory. Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the chip removal and pressing machine. This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) 528621 A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (/ 7) References (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 1 · H. Watanabe, T. Muk ai, K. Ishikawa, Y. Okanda and K. Higashi, J. Jpn. Inst. Light Metals, 49 (1999) 401. 2. Bussiba, AB Artzy, A. Shtechman, S. Ifergan and M. Kupiec, Mater. Sci. Eng., A302 (2001) 56. 3. H. Watanabe, H. Tsutsui, T. Mukai, K. Ishikawa, Y. Okanda, M. Kohzu and K. Higashi, Mater. Sci. Forum, 350-351 (2000) 171. 4. JK Solberg, J. Torklep, 0 Bauger and H. Gjestland, Mater. Sci. Eng., A134 (1991) 1201. 5. M. Mabuchi, T. Asahina, H. Iwasaki and K Higashi, Mater. Sci.Tech.? 13 (1997) 825. 6. M. Mabuchi, H. Iwasaki, K. Yanase and K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 36 (1997) 681. 7. M. Mabuchi, M. Nakamura, K. Ameyama, H. Iwasaki and K. Higashi? Mater. Sci. Forrnn, 304-306 (1999) 67. 8. M. Mabuchi, K. Kubota and K. Higashi, Mater. Trans., JIM , 36 (1995) 1249. 9. J. Kaneko, M. Sugaxnata and N. Hisata, Mater. Sci. Forum, 304-306 (1999) 85. 10. H. Watanabe, T. Mxikai and K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 40 (1999) 477. 11. H. Wataaabe, T. Mukai and K. Higashi, Mater. Sci. Forum, 304-306 (19 99) 303. 12. H. Watanabe, T. Mukai, M. Mabuchi and K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 41 (1999) 209. 13. Y. Liu, X. Wu9 Z. Li and Y. Xu5 in Proceedings of International Symposium on Materials Science and Technology, 1 (2000) 127. 14. VM Segal, Mater. Sci. Eng., A197, (1995) 157. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 15. M. Mabuchi, K. Ametama, Iwasaki and K. Higashi, Acta mater., 47 (1999) 2047. 16. DM Lee, BK Suh, BG Kim, JS Lee and CH Lee, Mater. Sci. Tech., 13 (1997) 590. 17. RG Chang (under the guidance of JW Yeh)? Master Thesis, Tsing Hua University, 2000. 18. Η. K. Lin and JC Huang: filed in ROC patent tegistration, 2001 (file no. 090-112-725) 19. T. Mukai, K Ishikawa, and K. higashi, Mater. Sci. Eng., A204 (1995) 12. 20. T. Mukai, M. Yamanoi, H. Watanabe md K. Higashi, Scripta Mater., 45 (2001) 89. The size of this paper is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 528621 A9 B9 C9 D9 V. Description of the invention Consumption cooperative prints a report on a general commercial AZ and ZK series magnesium alloy superplastic finishing alloy treatment method reported in the literature. Grain size (μιη) Test temperature (° C) Test rate (s'1) Elongation reference AZ31 Extrusion 5 325 1χ104 608% "1, 19991 ΑZ31 Extrusion 15 177 lxlO'5 120% [2, 2001] ΑZ31 Extruded rod-450 1χ10'5 596% [3, 2000] Extruded sheet 375 6xl (T5 200% AZ91 Conventional 250 3.3x10 '3 110% [4, 1991] cast + extrusion 275 180% 300 170% RS + extrusion 250 > 500% 275 > 1000% 300 > 1000% ΑZ91 PM + extrusion 1.4 300 1χ10 ~ 2 280% [5, 1997] IM + extrusion 4.1 250 4 × Ϊ0.4 · 430% ΑZ91 ECAP 1 175 6x1 0 · 5 326% [6, 1997] 175 2 × ΚΤ4 180% [7, 1999] 200 6χ10-5 661% 200 ΙχΙίΤ4 400% 1.4 300 ΙχΙΟ ' 2 280% 4.1 250 3x1 (T4 430% ΑZ91 Extrusion 7.6 300 ΙχΙΟ-5 310% [8, 1995] 15.4 150% ΑZO91 Reciprocal ext. — 300 ΙχΙΟ-3 1000% [17, 2000] ΑZO91 Extrusion 2.5 300 1χ1 (Γ3 1200% [18, 20 01] ΑZ105 PM + extmsion 200 2x1 Ο · 3 53% [9, 1999] 300 2χ1〇 · 3 400% 300 2x1 〇 · 2 900% IM + extrusion wmmmmm 200 2χΐσ3 75% 300 2χ1〇 · 3 120% KK 60 IM + Extrusion 3.3 325 ΙχΙΟ · 2 544% [10, 1999] 350 ΙχΙΟ-3 420% PM + extrusion 6.5 200 3x10'6 430% + annealing 225 ΙχΙΟ, 5 400% KK 60 Extrusion 3.2 300 4x10. 730% [5, 1997] KK 61 1.8 350 ΙχΙΟ'1 450% KK 60 Extrusion 3.3 325 ΙχΙΟ'3 370% [10, 1999] 325 ΙχΙΟ · 2 544% [11, 1999] 325 ΙχΙΟ · 1 130% 350 ΙχΙΟ-3 420% 350 1χ1〇-2 320% 350 ΙχΙΟ-1 150% KK 60 Extrusion + 6.5 200 ΙχΙΟ'5 ~~ 240% [11, 1999] annealing 225 ΙχΙΟ-5 430% 659% [12, 1999] 283% 100% ZK61 PM + extmsion 0.5 200 200 200 11 11 11 XXX 11 11 11

本紙?長尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 528621 A9 B9 C9 D9 五、發明說明（/f) 表二AZ31鎂合金之重量百分比（wt%)成份This paper? The long scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 528621 A9 B9 C9 D9 V. Description of the invention (/ f) Table 2 Weight percentage (wt%) composition of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Mg A1 Zn Μη Si Fe Cu Ni wt% Bal, 3.02 1.01 0.30 0,007 0.003 0.003 0.0001 表三AZ31鎂合金在各加工與熱處理狀況下之晶粒與拉伸性質材料狀況晶粒降伏強度抗拉強度拉伸量 (μιη) (MPa) (MPa) (%) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再行繪製) 經.«部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製Mg A1 Zn Mn Si Fe Cu Ni wt% Bal, 3.02 1.01 0.30 0,007 0.003 0.003 0.0001 Table 3 Grain and tensile properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy under various processing and heat treatment conditions Material condition Grain yield strength Tensile strength Tensile strength Tensile strength (μιη) (MPa) (MPa) (%) (Please read the precautions on the back before drawing)

As-received ingot As-extruded plate (2 mm thick) As-extruded plate (1.5 mm thick) Post-annealed at 150°C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 150°C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 200°C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 200°C for 1 h (1.5 mm) Post-annealed at 200°C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 250°C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 250°C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300°C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300°C for 3 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300°C for 5 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300°C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 350°C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-aimealed at 350°C for 10 h (2 mm) ο 5 5 7 2 2 ο ο ο 0 8 7 12 2 3 ο 6 2 0 13 3 6 2.ί 7 7 2.2· 2. .8.9.7.9 2.2.3.3. .2 56. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 5 0 6 8 2 2 5 5 0 7 6 8 2 2 2 2 6 7 7 2 2 0 5 5 2 6 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 5 0 0 9 2 Ι 4 3 2 2 3 3 8 5 7 19 1 3 2 3 7 6 2 1 3 3 6 2 7 0 0 0 9 9 3 3 2 2 5 8 7 6 2 2 9 7 5 2 8 5 0 2 8 9 0 12 3 2 24 32 353 22 3333 3 2 528621 A9 B9 C9 D9 五、發明說明表四AZ31B與AZ91D鎮合金經過南擠形比擠形(hr)與等徑轉角擠壓(ecm>) 之各種性質比較 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再行繪製) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝各性質 AZ31B HR extrusion AZ31B ECAP [20] AZ91D HR extrusion AZ91D ECAP [6,7] Strain during processing 5,1 8.1 5.1 8.1 Product shape sheet rod sheet rod Grain size 2.5 μιη 1 μιη 2 μιη 1 μιη Room temp. UTS 320 MPa 270 MPa 350 MPa — Room temp, elongation 50% 50% 20% — Max. LTSP elongation 900% — 1200% 661% 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨〇><297公釐）As-received ingot As-extruded plate (2 mm thick) As-extruded plate (1.5 mm thick) Post-annealed at 150 ° C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 150 ° C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 200 ° C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 200 ° C for 1 h (1.5 mm) Post-annealed at 200 ° C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 250 ° C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 250 ° C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300 ° C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300 ° C for 3 h (2 mm) Post- annealed at 300 ° C for 5 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 300 ° C for 10 h (2 mm) Post-annealed at 350 ° C for 1 h (2 mm) Post-aimealed at 350 ° C for 10 h (2 mm) ο 5 5 7 2 2 ο ο ο 0 8 7 12 2 3 ο 6 2 0 13 3 6 2.ί 7 7 2.2 · 2. .8.9.7.9 2.2.3.3. .2 56. This paper size Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 5 0 6 8 2 2 5 5 0 7 6 8 2 2 2 2 6 7 7 2 2 0 5 5 2 6 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 5 0 0 9 2 Ι 4 3 2 2 3 3 8 5 7 19 1 3 2 3 7 6 2 1 3 3 6 2 7 0 0 0 9 9 3 3 2 2 5 8 7 6 2 2 9 7 5 2 8 5 0 2 8 9 0 12 3 2 24 32 353 22 3333 3 2 528621 A9 B9 C9 D9 V. Table 4: Comparison of various properties of AZ31B and AZ91D town alloys undergoing south extrusion ratio extrusion (hr) and equal diameter corner extrusion (ecm >) (please read the precautions on the back before drawing) Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Employee consumer cooperatives print various properties AZ31B HR extrusion AZ31B ECAP [20] AZ91D HR extrusion AZ91D ECAP [6,7] Strain during processing 5,1 8.1 5.1 8.1 Product shape sheet rod sheet rod Grain size 2.5 μιη 1 μιη 2 μιη 1 μιη Room temp. UTS 320 MPa 270 MPa 350 MPa — Room temp, elongation 50% 50% 20% — Max. LTSP elongation 900% — 1200% 661% This paper standard applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨〇 > < 297 mm)

Claims

528621 A8 B8 C8 D8 1. 申請專利範圍 -種AZ31鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，其係先在一擠型裝置對均質化熱處理過的AZ3：l鎮合金進行高擠型比之擠製處理，擠出_合金擠型材經輸送機饋送至成形裝置進行連形處理，成形的_合金材再以砂輪機做細部去毛邊修整。 2. 如申睛專利範圍第i項所述之必！鎮合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，其擠製處理可以單段擠型或兩段擠型程序進行。 3. 如申請專利範圍第】項所述之紹】鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，其擠製比與擠製真應變量分別至少高於說i及4 6以上，最佳分別為大於i5〇q及$ 〇以上。《如申請專利範圍第w所述之心31鎮合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，其擠製溫度範圍在250〜350°C，最佳為300°C±30°C。 5.如申請專利範圍第！項所述之az31鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，擠出的鎂合金擠型材具細晶粒結構，其降伏強度與最大抗拉強度(^取對晶粒(d，μηι)倒數的關係式可表示為： σΥδ= 56 + 348 (1·1/2， σΙΓ1、《二 133 + 307 cT1/2〇 6.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之ΑΖ31鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，擠出的鎂合金擠型材在250〜35CTC溫度範圍、應變數率低於〗χ10·ι〆的拉伸條件下，具有伸長量大於210%的超塑性材質。 7如申請專利範圍第〗項所述之ΑΖΠ鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，擠出的 ---------¾-------、玎------^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印¾ 528621 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍鎂合金擠型材在室溫度範圍已有50%之拉伸量，在室溫已可以施作簡單之成形，如拉伸成形（stretch forming)或滾壓造型(roll forming)等。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 8如申請專利範圍第1項所述之AZ31鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，擠出的鎂合金擠型材之成形步驟為·· (1) 安裝下模具與上壓頭； (2) 注入75-150。(：之熱油或熱水於預熱池與成形池； (3) 啟動輸送帶，以合適之速度傳送鎂合金薄板，薄板迅速在預熱池中加熱； (4) 鎂合金薄板進入成形池，池壁螺旋裝置下降固定板材； (5) 成形壓頭以合適之速度下壓板材成形； (6) 成形完畢後，池壁螺旋裝置進一步下降，穿透板材切斷成形件與板材； (7) 成形壓頭及池壁螺旋裝置上升，機械手取出成形件； (8) 後續鎂板跟進傳入成形池，第四步以後步驟重複進行，施行連續成形。良經濟部中央標牮局員工消費合作社印製 9 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之AZ31鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，成形裝置左方設有滾筒傳送裝置，下方設有預熱池與成形池，上方為成形壓頭、可上下螺旋轉動之裝置、與切割器；預熱池與焱形池中注入75_15〇〇c之熱油或熱水；成形壓頭以油壓調整上下運動速度；上下螺旋轉動裝置固定傳送進來之鎮合金薄板，在板材進行超塑壓製成形時使外圈固定；切割器用來切斷成形件。 10.如申請專利範圍第8項所述之AZ31鎂合金的高擠型比製程與成形方法，成形裝置設有砂輪機作細部去毛邊修整，下方設有排屑裝置，整邊碎屑掉落進成形池，沈積於成形池底部，在成形池與預熱池中間，加襞渡網，避免碎屬流入儲油槽與預熱池。本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS )八4規格（210X29>7公釐）528621 A8 B8 C8 D8 1. Scope of patent application-High extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method of AZ31 magnesium alloy, which first performs homogenization heat treatment of AZ3: l town alloy with high extrusion ratio in an extrusion device Extrusion processing, extrusion_alloy extruded profiles are fed to the forming device through the conveyor for continuous processing, and the formed alloys are trimmed with a grinding machine for detailed deburring. 2. As stated in item i of the patent application scope! The high extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method of the ballast alloy can be performed in a single stage extrusion process or a two stage extrusion process. 3. As described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application] High extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method of magnesium alloy, the extrusion ratio and extrusion true strain are at least higher than i and 46, respectively, the best difference More than i50q and $ 0 or more. "The high extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method of the heart 31 town alloy as described in the scope of application for patent w, the extrusion temperature range is 250 ~ 350 ° C, and the best is 300 ° C ± 30 ° C. 5. If the scope of patent application is the first! The az31 magnesium alloy has a high extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method as described in the item. The extruded magnesium alloy extrusion has a fine grain structure, and its drop strength and maximum tensile strength (^ reciprocal to the grain (d, μηι)) The relational formula can be expressed as: σΥδ = 56 + 348 (1 · 1/2, σΙΓ1, "two 133 + 307 cT1 / 2〇6. The high extrusion ratio of the AZ31 magnesium alloy as described in the first item of the scope of patent application. Manufacturing process and forming method. The extruded magnesium alloy extruded material has a superplastic material with an elongation greater than 210% under the stretching condition of a temperature range of 250 ~ 35CTC and a strain rate lower than 〖χ10 · ι〆. 7 Such as applying for a patent The process and forming method of the high extrusion ratio of the AZΠ magnesium alloy as described in the item in the scope of the item, extruded --------- ¾ -------, 玎 ------ ^ ( Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page} Printed by the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 528621 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Application for patent scope Magnesium alloy extruded profiles have been stretched by 50% in the room temperature range. Simple forming can be performed at room temperature, such as stretch forming or roll forming. (Please (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 8) According to the high extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method of AZ31 magnesium alloy described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, the forming steps of the extruded magnesium alloy extrusion profile are ... (1 ) Install the lower mold and the upper indenter; (2) Inject 75-150. (: Hot oil or hot water in the preheating pool and forming pool; (3) start the conveyor belt, and transfer the magnesium alloy sheet and sheet at a suitable speed Quickly heat in the preheating pool; (4) The magnesium alloy sheet enters the forming pool, and the pool wall spiral device lowers the fixed plate; (5) The forming head presses the plate to form at a suitable speed; (6) After the forming is completed, the pool wall The spiral device descends further and penetrates the sheet to cut the formed part and sheet; (7) The forming head and the spiral wall of the pool are raised, and the manipulator takes out the formed part; (8) The subsequent magnesium sheet is followed into the forming tank, and the fourth step The subsequent steps are repeated to implement continuous forming. Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Good Economy 9 The high extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method of AZ31 magnesium alloy as described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, the left side of the forming device is set With roller conveyor There is a preheating pool and a forming pool at the bottom, a forming indenter, a device that can be rotated up and down, and a cutter; the preheating pool and the 焱 -shaped pool are filled with hot oil or hot water of 75_150 ° c; the forming head The oil pressure is used to adjust the up and down movement speed; the upper and lower spiral rotation device is fixed to convey the incoming town alloy sheet, which fixes the outer ring during the superplastic pressing of the plate; the cutter is used to cut the formed part. The AZ31 magnesium alloy has a high extrusion ratio manufacturing process and forming method. The forming device is provided with a grinder for detailed deburring and trimming, and a chip removing device is provided below. The whole-side debris falls into the forming pool and is deposited on the bottom of the forming pool. In the middle of the forming pool and the preheating pool, add a crossing net to prevent broken metal from flowing into the oil storage tank and the preheating pool. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) 8-4 specifications (210X29 > 7 mm)