TW480325B - Plant for liquefying natural gas - Google Patents

Plant for liquefying natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
TW480325B
TW480325B TW089123206A TW89123206A TW480325B TW 480325 B TW480325 B TW 480325B TW 089123206 A TW089123206 A TW 089123206A TW 89123206 A TW89123206 A TW 89123206A TW 480325 B TW480325 B TW 480325B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
auxiliary
heat exchanger
refrigerant
compressor
liquefied
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Application number
TW089123206A
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English (en)
Inventor
Duncan Peter Michael Reijnen
David Bertil Runbalk
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Shell Int Research
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Publication of TW480325B publication Critical patent/TW480325B/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

480325 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（(） [發明背景] 本發明係有關於一種用以液化天然氣體的設備。 一種用以液化天然氣體的設備，包含：一主熱交換器 ，其中天然氣體係藉由與汽化之冷媒間接的熱交換而液化 ，以及一冷卻管路，其中汽化之冷媒被壓縮且液化以產生 主熱交換器所使用的液態冷媒。該冷卻管路包含：一個由 至少一個壓縮機所組成的壓縮機系列。該至少一個壓縮機 係由一直接連接到壓縮機的軸心之氣體渦輪所驅動。因爲 一氣體渦輪僅具有一個有限的工作窗，該氣體渦輪先被選 取且液化設備被設計爲使得該氣體渦輪在其有限的工作窗 中工作。此外，該氣體渦輪與該壓縮機係直接互相連接， 使其形成一個單一之裝置。該單一之裝置佔據了相當大的 表面積。 尋找減少此等液化設備表面積之方法乃爲勢所必趨， 其不僅可應用於岸上設備，也可以應用於浮動液化設備。 此等浮動液化設備係用在離岸天然氣田的發展，其中 該天然氣體係在靠近產地之附近液化。此外該液化設備係 安裝在一駁船上作爲液態天然氣體的浮動儲存所。該駁船 更進一步提供一卸載系統以輸送該液態天然氣體至一儲存 槽，且提供一氣體載入系統，該系統係藉由一旋轉軸承連 接至一豎板管(nser P1pe)的上端，其中該豎板管的下端係連 接至一生產優良的天然氣體。 本發明之一目的在係提供一種彈性且佔據小表面積之 一種用來液化天然氣之設備，使得如一駁船便可容納該液 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --------^-------------訂--------IAWI (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 A7 __：__B7 五、發明說明（y) 化設備。 爲達成此目的’根據本發明之該用來液化天然氣體之 設備包含：一主熱交換器，其中天然氣體係藉由與汽化之 冷媒間接的熱交換而液化，以及一冷卻管路，其中該汽化 之冷媒被壓縮且液化以產生主熱交換器所使用之液態冷媒 ，其中該冷卻管路包含：一壓縮機系列，其由至少一個由 電動馬達所驅動之壓縮機所組成。 可瞭解的是，應提供一電力設備以供應電能來驅動電 動馬達。該電力設備包含：至少一個氣體或蒸氣渦輪，而 每一氣體或蒸氣渦輪係驅動一電動發電機。利用根據本案 之液化設備’該氣體或蒸氣渦輪可因佈局的計劃之故被設 置於任何處或因安全之故將其設置於最佳處。 [圖式簡單說明] 本發明今藉由例子參照所附圖示來敘述，其中： 圖一係圖例顯不本發明之一第一實施例；以及 圖二係圖例顯示本發明之一第二實施例。 [元件符號說明] ----- -------·--------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ' 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 1、2 液化設備 5、 導管 22 、 22a 、 22b 導管 39 導管 40 導管 43 導管 46 導管 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 480325 A7 B7 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（々） 48 50 53 7〇a 、 7〇b 72a 、 72b 74 、 74a 、 74b 80 85 102 、 102a 、 l〇2b 105 、 105a 、 105b 116 、 116a 、 116b 125 130 140 158 10 11 12 13 、 14 、 15 20 23a 23b 25· 27 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 導管 主熱交換器 主熱交換器的殼體 主熱交換器的殼體側邊 主熱交換器的熱交換器管路 冷卻管路 第一壓縮機系列 第二壓縮機系列 氣態-液態分離器 預冷卻器熱交換器 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 480325 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（¥) 28 35 36 37 、 38 、 86 42 、 52 、 58 、 120 44、54、60、126 65a 、 65b 66a 、 66b 67a 、 67b 7卜 71a 、 71b 、 82a 、 82b 83a 、 83b 84a 、 84b 、 114a 90、91 100 101 103a 103b 104 、 150 106 、 155 、 160 ll〇a 、 110b 112 113a 、 113b [較佳實施例說明] A7 B7 主氣態-液態分離器 預冷卻器熱交換器的殼體 預冷卻器熱交換器的殼體側邊 預冷卻器熱交換器的熱交換器管路 135 噴嘴 144膨脹裝置 低壓壓縮機 中等壓力壓縮機 高壓壓縮機 73、75、117 氣式冷卻器 軸心 電動馬達 、114b電線管 輔助熱交換器 輔助冷卻管路100 輔助熱交換器91的殼體側邊 第一輔助壓縮機系列 第二輔助壓縮機系列 輔助熱交換器90的熱交換器管路 輔助熱交換器91的熱交換器管路 雙節壓縮機 輔助熱交換器90的殼體側邊 輔助電動馬達 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ：：--------------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _____B7___ 五、發明說明（Γ) 參照圖一。經由導管5供應天然氣體以液化天然氣體 之設備1包含：一主熱交換器’其具有一殻體Π，該殼 體11包圍一殼體側邊12，而該殼體側邊12配置有三個熱 交換器管路13、14、15。在該主熱交換器10中，該天然氣 體係藉由與在殼體側邊12中汽化之冷媒間接的熱交換而液 化。 該裝置1亦包含：一冷卻管路20。該冷卻管路20包 含：該主熱交換器10的該殼體側邊12、導管22、平行配 置之一第一與一第二壓縮機系列23a與23b、一氣態-液態 分離器25、一預冷卻器熱交換器27、一主氣態-液態分離 器28以及在該主熱交換器10中之一第二與第三熱交換器 管路14與15。 、 在更詳細討論壓縮機系列23a與23b之前’先對冷卻 管路20的其餘部份討論。該預冷卻器熱交換器27具有一 殼體35，該殼體35包圍一殼體側邊36，其中配置有二熱 交換器管路37與38，其附屬於冷卻該管路20。熱交換器 管路37的該輸入端係藉由導管39連接至該氣態-液態分離 器25之氣體輸出口，且熱交換器管路38之該輸入端係藉 由導管40連接至該氣態-液態分離器25的液體輸出口。該 熱交換器管路38的該排放端係藉由一配置有一膨脹裝置 44之導管43而連接至配置於殼體側邊36內之一噴嘴42。 該熱交換器管路37的該排放端係藉由導管46連接至該主 氣態-液態分離器28的該輸入口。該主氣態-液態分離器28 的氣體輸出口係藉由導管48連接至該熱交換器管路14的 7 玉紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----— II-----·------— —訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 A7 B7 五、發明說明（4) 輸入口，且該液體的輸出口係藉由該導管50連接至該主熱 交換器10中的熱交換器管路15。該熱交換器管路14的排 放端係藉由一配置有膨脹裝置54之一導管53連接至一配 置於該殼體側邊12內之噴嘴52，且I亥熱交換器管路15的 排放端係藉由一配置有膨脹裝置60之一導管59而連接至 一配置於殼體側邊12內之噴嘴58。 現今將對壓縮機系列更深入地討論。每一壓縮機系列 23a與23b包含：三個互相連結的壓縮機、一低壓壓縮機 65a與65b、一中等壓力壓縮機66a與66b以及一高壓壓縮 機67a與67b。導管22係藉由導管22a與22b連接至該低 壓壓縮機65a與65b的輸入口。該低壓壓縮機65a與65b 的輸出口係藉由配置有一氣式冷卻器71之導管70a與7〇b 連接至該中等壓力壓縮機66a與66b的輸入□。該中等壓 力壓縮機66a與66b的輸出口係藉由配置有一氣式冷卻器 73之導管72a與72b而連接至高壓壓縮機67a與67b的輸 入口。該高壓壓縮機67a與67b的輸出口係藉由配置有一 氣式冷卻器75之導管74、74a與74b而連接至該氣態-液態 分離器25的輸入口。 該預冷卻器熱交換器27之殼體側邊36係藉由導管80 而連接至該中等壓力壓縮機66a與66b的輸入口。 每一壓縮機系列23a或23b的壓縮機係配置在相同的 軸心82a或82b ’該軸心82a或82b僅由一電動馬達83a或 83b所驅動。該電動馬達83a與83b係藉由電線管84a與 84b而連接至一電動發電機(未顯示）。 8 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) #—— 訂---------線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480325 A7 B7 五、發明說明（^)) 在正常的操作時，經由導管5供應之天然氣體通過配 置於該主熱交換器10內之殼體側邊12之熱交換器管路13 ’且液化天然氣體係自該熱交換器管路13的排放端移除。 '汽化之冷媒係自該殼體側邊12移除，且通過導管22 、22a、22b至平行壓縮機系列23a與23b之該低壓壓縮機 65a與65b的輸入□，以此方式使得大體上相等數量之冷媒 被供應至該壓縮機系列23a與23b。在該壓縮機65a、65b 、66a、66b、67a、67b中，該冷媒自一低壓階段被壓縮至 高壓’且其間壓縮的熱係在該氣式冷卻器71與73中移除 〇 在高壓下’該冷媒係被供應至該氣式冷卻器75，其中 該冷媒被部份液化。該部份液化之冷媒流在氣態-液態分離 器25中被分離成一氣態流與一液態流。 該'液態、流:係被用來自動冷卻以及部份液化該氣態冷媒 流°爲達成此目的，該液態流在高壓下通過熱交換器管路 38且在膨脹裝置44中膨脹。在膨脹之型式下，該液流係 經由噴嘴42通入該殼體側邊36。該氣流係在該熱交換器 管路37中部份液化，且輸送至主氣態/液態分離器28。 在該主氣態-液態分離器28中，這個部份液化的氣流 被分離成一氣流以及一液流，其皆被用來自動冷卻與液化 在該主熱交換器10中的天然氣流。 爲達成此目的’液流在高壓下通過熱交換器管路15且 在膨脹裝置60中膨脹。在膨脹的型式下，該液流經由噴嘴 58而通入該殻體側邊12，其中液流可在低壓下汽化。該氣 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） ----.--^--------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（) 流在闻壓下通過熱交換器管路14 ’其中該氣流係爲部分液 化者’並且這個部分液化的氣流接著在膨脹裝置54膨脹且 經由噴嘴52通入殼體側邊12，其中氣流可在低壓下汽化 〇 在該主熱交換器10中，該天然氣流5被液化且在當通 過熱交換器管路13時，經由與藉由噴嘴52與58通入殼體 側邊12之膨脹的蒸氣間接的熱交換而些微冷卻。 較佳者，該天然氣體係被預先冷卻，且爲達成此目的 ，天然氣體係經由一導管85而供應至預冷卻器熱交換器 27之一熱交換器管路86的輸入端。該熱交換器管路86的 輸出端係連接至導管5。 請參照圖二，其圖例顯示本發明之一另外一種實施例 。與圖一所討論的元件符號相似之元件係以同樣的符號標 示。圖二之設備2不同於圖一所示的設備1之處在於冷卻 管路20包含輔助熱交換器90與91。在輔助熱交換器90與 91中，該冷媒藉由與輔助冷媒間接的熱交換而部份液化。 該輔助熱交換器90與91亦形成輔助冷卻管路1〇〇的部份 。該輔助熱交換器90與91取代了如圖一所示之氣式冷卻 器75與預冷卻器熱交換器27。此外，該第一與第二壓縮 機系列23a與23b每一個係由一個單一壓縮機65a與65b 所組成。 現今針對輔助冷卻管路1〇〇來討論。該輔助冷卻管路 100包含該輔助熱交換器91的殼體側邊1〇1、導管1〇2、平 行排列之一第一與一第二輔助壓縮機系列103a與103b、設 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公爱） — — — — — — —-----變------ —訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（1) 置於輔助熱交換器90中的一熱交換器管路104以及輔助熱 交換器91中的一熱交換器管路106。 該輔助壓縮機系列l〇3a與10313包含雙級壓縮機11(^ 與110b，其被配置以經由導管1〇2、102a、102b自輔助熱 交換器91的殼體側邊1〇丨與經由導管105、丨〇53、105b自 輔助熱交換器90的殼體側邊112接收兩道汽化之輔助冷媒 。該壓縮機ll〇a與ll〇b係僅由一輔助電動馬達113a或 113b所驅動。該輔助電動馬達113a與113b係藉由電線管 114a與114b連接至一電動發電機(未顯示）。 該雙級壓縮機ll〇a與ll〇b的輸出口係藉由氣式冷卻 器1Π所提供之導管116a、116b、n6連接至輔助熱交換 器90之熱交換器管路1〇4的輸入口。該熱交換器管路1〇4 的排放端係藉由一膨脹裝置126所提供之一導管125連接 至設置於該殼體側邊112之一噴嘴12〇，以在正常操作時 供應部份的輔助冷媒至殼體側邊Π2。其餘的部份通過導 管130，其連接至在輔助熱交換器91中的熱交換器管路 106之輸入□。該熱交換器管路1〇6的排放端係藉由裝置 有一膨脹裝置144之一導管14〇連接至配置於該殼體側邊 101中的一噴嘴135。 在正常的操作時，經由導管5供應之天然氣體通過配 置於該主熱交換器10內之殼體側邊12之熱交換器管路13 ’且液化天然氣體係自熱交換器管路13的排放端移除。 汽化之冷媒係自該殻體側邊12移除，且其通過導管 22、22a、22b至平行壓縮機系列23a與23b的輸入口，其 11 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 X 297公爱） .^--------------^---------線 i^w. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（（〇 ) 方式使得實質相等數量之冷媒被供應至壓縮機系列23a與 23b。壓縮熱係在氣式冷卻器71a與71b中移除。該冷媒通 過該導管74到達輔助熱交換器90中之熱交換器管路150 且接著到達輔助熱交換器91中的熱交換器管路155，並且 在此輸送過程中，冷媒經由與汽化中之輔助冷媒間接的熱 交換而被部份液化。 部份液化的冷媒自熱交換器管路155的排放端通過導 管46到達該主氣態-液態分離器28。在該主氣態-液態分離 器28中，部份液化的冷媒被分離成一氣流與一液流，其皆 用來自動冷卻與液化在主熱交換器10中的該天然氣流。 爲達成此目的，液流在高壓下通過熱交換器管路15且 在膨脹裝置60中膨脹。在膨脹的型式下，液流經由噴嘴 58通入該殼體側邊12。該氣流在高壓下通過熱交換器管路 14，其中該氣流係爲部分液化者，並且這個部分液化之氣 流接著在膨脹裝置54膨脹且經由噴嘴52通入該殼體側邊 12 ° 如前所述，爲了要部分液化冷媒，輔助冷媒以下列的 方式通過輔助冷卻管路100。 汽化之冷媒係自該輔助熱交換器91的該殼體側邊101 移除，且通過導管102、lQ2a、l〇2b至平行輔助壓縮機系 列110a與110b的輸入口，而其方式可使得在正常操作時 實質相等數量之輔助冷媒被供應至壓縮機110a與ll〇b。在 壓縮機110a與110b中’該輔助冷媒係被壓縮至高壓。壓 縮熱係藉由氣式冷卻器117自壓縮的輔助冷媒中移除。 12 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） .I--------------訂·--------^_w« (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 480325 A7 B7 五、發明說明（if ) 在高壓下，輔助冷媒係通過該輔助熱交換器90之熱交 換器管路104,且部份之冷卻的輔助冷媒係通過膨脹裝置 126至該殼體側邊112，其中其可在一中等壓力下汽化。如 此經由自動冷卻以冷卻輔助冷媒且冷卻通過熱交換器管路 150的冷媒。其餘的部份係在高壓下被供應至輔助熱交換 器91的熱交換器管路106。離開熱交換器管路106之冷卻 的輔助冷媒係通過膨脹裝置144至輔助熱交換器91的殼體 側邊101，在其中冷卻的輔助冷媒可在一低壓下被汽化。 該中等壓力的輔助冷媒係經由導管105、105a、105b ，自該輔助熱交換器90的該殻體側邊112移除至該雙級壓縮 機110a與110b的第一級之輸入口，然而低壓的輔助冷媒 係經由導管102、102a、102b自輔助熱交換器91的殼體側 邊101移除至雙節壓縮機110a與110b的第一節之輸入口 〇 較佳地，天然氣體係被預先冷卻，且爲達成此目的， 天然氣體係經由導管158被供應至在輔助熱交換器91中的 一熱交換器管路160的輸入端。熱交換器管路160的輸出 端係連接至導管5。 如參照圖式所敘述之液化設備操作的條件以及冷媒的 組成乃爲人所熟知者，故在此不加以討論。 如參照圖二所討論之該設備的一優點爲供應電動馬達 83a與83b以及該電動馬達113a與113b的電力可被選擇以 符合冷卻管路20與100中的冷卻要件。 較佳地’該壓縮機系列係爲平彳了配置，因爲萬一^有一* 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----^^--------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 480325 A7 B7 五、發明說明（\*/) 壓縮機系列故障或一壓縮機系列在保養，另一個可持續操 作，使得該設備可持續液化天然氣體。 該壓縮機系列23a與23b的三個分離式壓縮機之每一 個可由一個單一的三級壓縮機所取代。 可瞭解的是，氣式冷卻器可爲水式冷卻器所取代。 提供電力以驅動該電動馬達83a、83b、113a及113b 與有需要的驅動器（蒸氣或空氣渦輪）的電動發電機可被配 置於最合適的位置。其並非隨壓縮機一起配置，並且因此 本發明提供一種彈性且僅佔一相當小的表面積之用以液化 天然氣體之設備，使得如一駿船便可容納該液化設備。 ^ ..--------------IT---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 |度 尺 張 紙 本 一97 2 X ο IX 2 /—\ 格 規 4 A S) N (C 準 標

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  1. 480325 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種用以液化天然氣體之裝置，其包含：一主熱交 換器，在其中，天然氣體係藉由與汽化之冷媒間接的熱交 換而液化，以及一冷卻管路，在其中汽化之冷媒被壓縮且 液化以產生在主熱交換器中所使用的液態冷媒，其中，該 冷卻管路係包含一壓縮機系列，該壓縮機系列至少包含一 個由電動馬達所驅動之壓縮機。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之裝置，其中，該冷卻 管路係包含兩個平行的壓縮機系列’每一壓縮機系列至少 包含一個由電動馬達所驅動之壓縮機。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之裝置，其中 ，該冷卻管路係包含藉由自動冷卻以至少部分液化冷媒之 裝置。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之裝置，其中 ，該冷卻管路係包含一輔助熱交換器，藉由與汽化之輔助 冷媒間接的熱交換而部分液化該冷媒’該裝置更包含一輔 助冷卻管路與裝置，藉由自動冷卻以液化輔助冷媒，在其 中汽化之輔助冷媒被壓縮與液化以產生輔助熱交換器所使 用之液態輔助冷媒，其中該輔助冷卻管路係包含一輔助壓 縮機系列，其至少包含一個由電動馬達所驅動之壓縮機。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之裝置，其中該輔助冷 卻管路係包含兩平行的輔助壓縮機系列’每一輔助壓縮機 系列至少包含一個由電動馬達所驅動之壓縮機。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公董） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
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BR0016037A (pt) 2002-07-23
AR026634A1 (es) 2003-02-19
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US20020170312A1 (en) 2002-11-21
CA2393198A1 (en) 2001-06-07
CA2393198C (en) 2008-12-30
CN1158513C (zh) 2004-07-21
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AU1525201A (en) 2001-06-12
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