TW202302030A - Steering wheel, biometric information detection device, and control system - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
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Abstract
Description
本揭示的技術是有關於一種方向盤、生物體資訊檢測裝置和控制系統。The disclosed technology relates to a steering wheel, a biological information detection device and a control system.
近年來，為了對駕駛車輛的駕駛員的狀態進行檢測，揭示了一種裝置，其中，將感測器設置於車輛等的轉向盤（steering wheel），並自該手柄對駕駛員的生物體資訊進行檢測。In recent years, in order to detect the state of a driver driving a vehicle, a device has been disclosed in which a sensor is installed on a steering wheel of a vehicle or the like, and the biological information of the driver is checked from the handle. detection.
例如，於國際公開第2007/066513號中提出了一種技術，其特徵在於：於在含有聚胺基甲酸酯系樹脂的基材上形成有包含含有介電性填料的環氧系樹脂的接觸層的操縱手柄中，自該接觸層對生物體資訊進行檢測。For example, a technology is proposed in International Publication No. 2007/066513, which is characterized in that a contact layer containing an epoxy resin containing a dielectric filler is formed on a base material containing a polyurethane resin. In the joystick of the layer, the biological information is detected from the contact layer.
另外，例如，於日本專利特開2016-146953號公報中提出了一種技術，其特徵在於：使用膜狀的應用了聚偏二氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride）（以下，稱為「PVDF」）的感壓感測器來獲取生物體資訊。In addition, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-146953 proposes a technology characterized by using a polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as "PVDF") film-like sensor. pressure sensor to obtain biological information.
[發明所欲解決之課題] 國際公開第2007/066513號中，有時因握持方法而無法檢測生物體資訊。另外，若使用日本專利特開2016-146953號公報中所記載的包含PVDF的壓電體，則不論握持方法如何均可檢測生物體資訊，但於如車輛般的溫度變化劇烈的環境中仍有改善的餘地。 例如，車輛的內部及車輛中的手柄部分被暴露於炎熱天氣下的直射太陽光中，車輛的內部及車輛中的手柄部分有時變得高溫。因此，於會變得高溫的環境下，感測器的感度有時發生變動，未必可精度良好地獲取生物體資訊。 [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] In International Publication No. 2007/066513, biological information may not be detected depending on the gripping method. In addition, if the piezoelectric body containing PVDF described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-146953 is used, it is possible to detect living body information regardless of how to hold it, but it is still difficult to detect in an environment with severe temperature changes such as a vehicle. There is room for improvement. For example, the interior of the vehicle and the handle portion in the vehicle are exposed to direct sunlight in hot weather, and the interior of the vehicle and the handle portion in the vehicle sometimes become high temperature. Therefore, in an environment where the temperature becomes high, the sensitivity of the sensor may vary, and it may not be possible to acquire biological information with high accuracy.
本揭示的技術是鑒於所述事實而成，其目的在於提供一種即便於會變得高溫的環境下，不論握持方法如何亦均可獲取生物體資訊的方向盤、生物體資訊檢測裝置和控制系統。 [解決課題之手段] The technique of the present disclosure is made in view of the above facts, and its object is to provide a steering wheel, a living body information detection device, and a control system that can acquire living body information regardless of how it is held, even in an environment where the temperature may become high . [Means to solve the problem]
用以達成所述課題的具體手段如以下所述。Specific means for achieving the above-mentioned problems are as follows.
＜1＞ 一種方向盤，包括： 把持體，供用戶把持；以及 壓電基材，對所述把持體所受到的壓力進行偵測，並且 所述壓電基材包括： 軸狀的內部導體；以及 長條狀壓電體，於所述內部導體的周圍呈同軸狀設置且包含光學活性多肽。 <1> A steering wheel, including: a control body for the user to control; and a piezoelectric substrate for detecting the pressure on the holding body, and The piezoelectric substrate includes: a shaft-shaped inner conductor; and The elongated piezoelectric body is arranged coaxially around the internal conductor and contains optically active polypeptides.
＜2＞ 如＜1＞所述的方向盤，其中， 所述壓電基材中，所述長條狀壓電體的長度方向與所述光學活性多肽的主配向方向大致平行。 <2> The steering wheel as described in <1>, wherein, In the piezoelectric substrate, the length direction of the elongated piezoelectric body is approximately parallel to the main alignment direction of the optically active polypeptide.
＜3＞ 如＜1＞或＜2＞所述的方向盤，其中， 根據X射線繞射測定，並藉由下述式（a）而求出的所述光學活性多肽的配向度F為0.50以上、未滿1.00。 配向度F=（180°-α）/180° ···式（a） 〔式（a）中，α表示源自配向的峰的半值寬（°）〕 <3> The steering wheel as described in <1> or <2>, wherein, The degree of alignment F of the optically active polypeptide obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement and obtained by the following formula (a) is 0.50 or more and less than 1.00. Alignment degree F=(180°-α)/180° ···Formula (a) [In the formula (a), α represents the half-value width (°) of the peak derived from the alignment]
＜4＞ 如＜1＞至＜3＞中任一項所述的方向盤，其中， 所述長條狀壓電體沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞。 ＜5＞ 如＜1＞所述的方向盤，包括： 所述長條狀壓電體沿右旋方向捲繞的所述壓電基材；以及所述長條狀壓電體沿左旋方向捲繞的所述壓電基材。 <4> The steering wheel according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein, The strip-shaped piezoelectric body is helically wound along one direction. <5> The steering wheel as described in <1>, including: the piezoelectric base material in which the elongated piezoelectric body is wound in a right-handed direction; and the piezoelectric base material in which the elongated piezoelectric body is wound in a left-handed direction.
＜6＞ 如＜1＞至＜5＞中任一項所述的方向盤，其中， 所述壓電基材於外周更包括外部導體。 <6> The steering wheel according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein, The piezoelectric substrate further includes an external conductor on the periphery.
＜7＞ 如＜6＞所述的方向盤，其中， 所述壓電基材於所述外部導體的外周更包括絕緣體。 <7> The steering wheel as described in <6>, wherein, The piezoelectric base material further includes an insulator on the outer periphery of the outer conductor.
＜8＞ 如＜1＞至＜7＞中任一項所述的方向盤，其中， 所述光學活性多肽包含蠶絲及蜘蛛絲的至少一者。 <8> The steering wheel according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein The optically active polypeptide comprises at least one of silkworm silk and spider silk.
＜9＞ 一種生物體資訊檢測裝置，包括： 如＜1＞至＜8＞中任一項所述的方向盤； 偵測部，對與所述壓電基材的壓力相應的訊號進行偵測；以及 檢測部，基於自所述偵測部偵測到的訊號，來對人體內的生物體資訊進行檢測。 <9> A biological information detection device, including: The steering wheel described in any one of <1> to <8>; a detection unit for detecting a signal corresponding to the pressure of the piezoelectric substrate; and The detection unit detects biological information in the human body based on the signal detected by the detection unit.
＜10＞ 如＜9＞所述的生物體資訊檢測裝置，其中， 所述把持體包括多個壓電基材， 所述偵測部自各個壓電基材獨立地偵測訊號， 所述檢測部根據自各個壓電基材偵測到的所述訊號，來對表示人體接觸的位置的位置資訊進行檢測。 <10> The biological information detection device according to <9>, wherein, The holding body includes a plurality of piezoelectric substrates, The detection part independently detects signals from each piezoelectric substrate, The detecting unit detects positional information indicating a position where a human body touches based on the signals detected from the respective piezoelectric substrates.
＜11＞ 一種控制系統，包括： 如＜9＞或＜10＞所述的生物體資訊檢測裝置；以及 控制裝置，基於所述生物體資訊檢測裝置所檢測到的資訊，來對設置於被所述方向盤操作的移動體上的設備進行控制。 ＜11＞ A control system, including: The biological information detection device as described in <9> or <10>; and The control device controls the equipment installed on the mobile body operated by the steering wheel based on the information detected by the biological information detection device.
＜12＞ 如＜11＞所述的控制系統，其中， 所述控制裝置根據自所述生物體資訊獲取的與所述人體的心搏相關的資訊來對所述設備進行控制。 [發明的效果] <12> The control system according to <11>, wherein, The control device controls the device according to the information related to the heartbeat of the human body obtained from the biological information. [Effect of the invention]
根據本揭示的技術，即便於會變得高溫的環境下，亦可精度良好地獲取生物體資訊。According to the technique of the present disclosure, living body information can be acquired with high accuracy even in an environment where the temperature may become high.
以下，對本揭示的技術的實施形態進行說明。本揭示並不限定於以下的實施形態。 於本說明書中，使用「～」所表示的數值範圍是指包含「～」的前後所記載的數值作為下限值及上限值的範圍。 於本說明書中，只要事先無特別說明，則構件的「面」是指構件的「主表面」。 於本說明書中，厚度、寬度及長度如通常的定義般，滿足厚度＜寬度＜長度的關係。 於本說明書中，兩個線段所形成的角度是以0°以上、90°以下的範圍表示。 於本說明書中，「膜」是不僅包含一般被稱為「膜」者，亦包含一般被稱為「片」者的概念。 於本說明書中，於參照圖式來對實施形態進行說明的情況下，該實施形態的結構並不限定於圖式所示的結構。另外，各圖中的構件的大小為概念性大小，構件間的大小的相對關係並不限定於此。 於本說明書中，作為移動體的一例，對「車輛」進行說明。但是，並不限定於此。移動體可為飛機，亦可為船舶，只要為能夠移動的交通工具，則可為任意的交通工具。 另外，於本說明書中，關於方向盤，對車輛中的「轉向盤」進行說明。但是，並不限定於此。可為飛機中的「操縱杆」，亦可為船舶中的「舵輪」，只要為用於操縱移動體而供用戶把持的把持體，則可為任意者。 Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein will be described below. This disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments. In this specification, the numerical range represented using "-" means the range which includes the numerical value described before and after "-" as a lower limit and an upper limit. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the "surface" of a member refers to the "main surface" of the member. In this specification, thickness, width, and length satisfy the relationship of thickness<width<length as usual definitions. In this specification, the angle formed by two line segments is expressed in the range of not less than 0° and not more than 90°. In this specification, a "film" is a concept including not only what is generally called a "film" but also what is generally called a "sheet". In this specification, when an embodiment is described with reference to the drawings, the configuration of the embodiment is not limited to the configuration shown in the drawings. In addition, the size of the components in each figure is a conceptual size, and the relative relationship of the size between components is not limited to this. In this specification, a "vehicle" will be described as an example of a mobile object. However, it is not limited to this. The mobile body may be an airplane or a ship, and any vehicle may be used as long as it is a movable vehicle. In addition, in this specification, a "steering wheel" in a vehicle will be described as a steering wheel. However, it is not limited to this. It may be a "joystick" in an airplane, or a "rudder wheel" in a ship, and it may be any as long as it is a manipulation body for the user to manipulate a moving body.
[第一實施形態] 參照圖1～圖9來對控制系統進行說明。 [First Embodiment] The control system will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 .
＜控制系統的結構＞
作為一例，如圖1所示，本實施形態的控制系統1搭載於車輛2上，且包括生物體資訊檢測裝置10、控制裝置100以及設備200。生物體資訊檢測裝置10包括轉向盤20，並自設置於轉向盤20上的感測器對把持轉向盤20的駕駛員的生物體資訊進行檢測。控制裝置100使用生物體資訊檢測裝置10所檢測到的資訊對搭載於車輛2上的設備200進行控制。此處，設備200包括車輛內的空調、座椅加熱器、照明、防困倦裝置、擴散器及音響等裝置、以及對操舵、油門及制動器等進行操作的致動器等。例如，控制裝置100根據所檢測到的生物體資訊，來進行如下控制：啟動製冷製熱、產生用以防止困倦的氣味、通知駕駛員及停止車輛等。
<Structure of control system>
As an example, as shown in FIG. 1 , a
＜轉向盤的結構＞
參照圖2及圖3來對轉向盤20進行說明。圖2是表示供於對本實施形態的壓電基材的配置進行說明的轉向盤20的一例的正面圖，圖3是圖2的X-X'線剖面圖。
再者，於以下的說明中，將輪緣（rim）21的剖面的徑向外側簡稱為「徑向外側」，將輪緣21的剖面的徑向內側簡稱為「徑向內側」。
＜Structure of steering wheel＞
The
作為一例，如圖2所示，本實施形態的轉向盤20包括供駕駛員把持的輪緣21、以及與轉向軸（steering shaft）連接的轉向盤20的輪轂（hub）22。輪緣21包括感測器單元23，感測器單元23包括藉由輸入壓力而產生電壓的壓電基材50、以及與線狀的壓電基材50連接的後述的配線29。此處，輪緣21為「把持體」的一例。As an example, as shown in FIG. 2 , a
作為一例，如圖3所示，輪緣21包含鋁合金等未圖示的芯材與覆蓋未圖示的芯材的胺基甲酸酯系樹脂或聚丙烯等表面材24而構成。壓電基材50設置於構成輪緣21的表面材24上，且設置於輪緣21中的較未圖示的芯材更靠外徑側的切口25的內部。具體而言，切口25遍及輪緣21的外徑側的整周設置，於設置於切口25的底部的多孔橡膠26上，一根壓電基材50遍及輪緣21的整周載置。切口25設置於輪緣21中的較未圖示的芯材更靠外徑側處。另外，壓電基材50亦可不於輪緣21的芯材上形成切口而直接配置於覆蓋芯材的表面材24上。藉此，壓電基材50能夠對駕駛員把持輪緣21的壓力變動、及與生物體振動有關的微弱的振動進行偵測。As an example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the
＜生物體資訊檢測裝置的結構＞
其次，參照圖4來對生物體資訊檢測裝置10的硬體結構進行說明。生物體資訊檢測裝置10對來自壓電基材50的輸出訊號進行檢測。如圖4所示，生物體資訊檢測裝置10包括：類比數位（Analog Digital，AD）轉換器28，將自壓電基材50輸出的類比訊號即電壓輸出轉換為數位訊號；以及車載器30，對經轉換的各壓電基材50的數位訊號進行檢測。AD轉換器28設置有多個用以輸入類比訊號的輸入端子，且壓電基材50經由配線29而與各輸入端子電連接。
車載器30包含中央處理單元（Central Processing Unit，CPU）31、唯讀記憶體（Read Only Memory，ROM）32、隨機存取記憶體（Random Access Memory，RAM）33、儲存器（storage）34、通信介面（Inter Face，I/F）35及輸入輸出I/F 36而構成。CPU 31、ROM 32、RAM 33、儲存器34、通信I/F 35及輸入輸出I/F 36以經由匯流排37而能夠相互通信的方式連接。
<Structure of biological information detection device>
Next, the hardware configuration of the living body
CPU 31為中央運算處理單元，且執行各種程式或對各部進行控制。即，CPU 31自ROM 32或儲存器34讀取程式，並將RAM 33作為作業區域來執行程式。本實施形態中，於儲存器34中記憶有用以執行各種處理的執行程式。CPU 31藉由對執行程式進行執行而作為圖6所示的偵測部41及檢測部42A發揮功能。
ROM 32記憶有各種程式及各種資料。RAM 33作為作業區域而暫時對程式或資料進行記憶。作為記憶部的儲存器34由硬磁碟驅動機（Hard Disk Drive，HDD）或固態硬碟（Solid State Drive，SSD）構成，且記憶有包含作業系統的各種程式及各種資料。
The
通信I/F 35為用以與控制裝置100進行通信的介面，且進行基於控制器區域網路（Controller Area Network，CAN）協議的通信。再者，通信I/F 35亦可應用基於乙太網路（Ethernet）（註冊商標）的通信標準。通信I/F 35與未圖示的外部匯流排連接。即，於未圖示的外部匯流排中，於生物體資訊檢測裝置10及控制裝置100之間收發的資料是作為基於CAN協議的通信幀被收發。此處，通信I/F 35可不經由控制裝置100而與設備200直接連接，並於生物體資訊檢測裝置10及設備200之間收發資料。The communication I/
＜控制裝置的結構＞
如圖5所示，控制裝置100包含CPU 101、ROM 102、RAM 103、儲存器104、輸入輸出部105、顯示部106及通信I/F 107而構成。控制裝置100中，CPU 101、ROM 102、RAM 103、儲存器104、輸入輸出部105、顯示部106及通信I/F 107以經由匯流排108而能夠相互通信的方式連接。
<Structure of the control unit>
As shown in FIG. 5 , the
CPU 101為中央運算處理單元，且執行各種程式或對各部進行控制。即，CPU 101自ROM 102讀取程式，並將RAM 103作為作業區域來執行程式。The
ROM 102記憶有各種程式及各種資料。於本實施形態的ROM 102中記憶有用以對控制裝置100進行控制的控制程式。
RAM 103作為作業區域而暫時對程式或資料進行記憶。
The
儲存器104作為一例而為HDD、SSD或快閃記憶體等。再者，於儲存器104中可記憶控制程式等。輸入輸出部105例如為滑鼠、鍵盤、觸控面板及揚聲器等。顯示部106根據所檢測到的生物體資訊而向駕駛員顯示通知。The
通信I/F 107為用以將生物體資訊檢測裝置10、控制裝置100及設備200連接的介面。該介面進行基於CAN協議的通信。再者，通信I/F 107中，亦可應用基於乙太網路（Ethernet）（註冊商標）的通信標準。通信I/F 107與未圖示的外部匯流排連接。即，於未圖示的外部匯流排中，於生物體資訊檢測裝置10、控制裝置100及設備200之間收發的資料是作為基於CAN協議的通信幀被收發。The communication I/
＜生物體資訊檢測裝置及控制裝置的功能結構＞
圖6是表示生物體資訊檢測裝置10及控制裝置100的功能結構的例子的框圖。如圖6所示，生物體資訊檢測裝置10具有偵測部41及檢測部42A。各功能結構可藉由如下方式來實現：CPU 31讀取儲存器34中所記憶的執行程式並執行此執行程式。
<Functional structure of biological information detection device and control device>
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the living body
偵測部41具有如下功能：對經由輸入輸出I/F 36而自AD轉換器28輸出的與各壓電基材50相關的數位訊號進行檢測。The
檢測部42A具有如下功能：根據偵測部41所偵測到的數位訊號的大小及週期來對呼吸及脈搏等生物體資訊、以及由作為生物體的生理現象的肌肉的機械性微小運動（所謂，生物體震顫）引起的振動進行檢測。The
另外，如圖6所示，控制裝置100具有獲取部111A及控制部112A。各功能結構可藉由如下方式來實現：CPU 101讀取儲存器104中所記憶的執行程式並執行此執行程式。In addition, as shown in FIG. 6 , the
獲取部111A具有自生物體資訊檢測裝置10獲取生物體資訊的功能。The
控制部112A具有使用所獲取的生物體資訊來對設備200進行控制的功能。例如，控制部112A根據生物體資訊而向各個設備200發送執行處理的指示。具體而言，控制部112A根據生物體資訊來對心搏間隔的波動進行檢測，於該心搏的波動變小（心搏的間隔穩定）的情況下，判定為駕駛員處於困倦的狀態，向作為設備200的致動器發送使制動器發揮作用的指示。關於心搏的波動，除直接測定心搏的間隔以外，亦可將心搏的間隔轉換為頻率。另外，控制部112A根據生物體資訊來對心搏的大小及次數進行檢測，於心搏的大小大於駕駛員的平均值且規定期間的心搏的次數多於駕駛員的平均值的情況下，判定為駕駛員處於緊張狀態，向作為設備200的致動器發送使制動器發揮作用的指示。The
＜壓電基材＞ 本實施形態的壓電基材包括：軸狀的內部導體；以及長條狀的壓電體，於內部導體的周圍呈同軸狀設置且包含光學活性多肽。 ＜Piezoelectric base material＞ The piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment includes: a shaft-shaped internal conductor; and a strip-shaped piezoelectric body coaxially arranged around the internal conductor and containing an optically active polypeptide.
本實施形態的壓電基材中，藉由長條狀的壓電體於內部導體的周圍呈同軸狀設置，且長條狀的壓電體包含光學活性多肽，而表現出壓電性（壓電感度）。 本實施形態的壓電基材中，壓電體沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞於內部導體。 In the piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment, the strip-shaped piezoelectric body is arranged coaxially around the internal conductor, and the strip-shaped piezoelectric body contains an optically active polypeptide, thereby exhibiting piezoelectricity (piezoelectricity). inductance). In the piezoelectric base material of this embodiment, the piezoelectric body is wound helically around the inner conductor in one direction.
進而，本實施形態的壓電基材由於包含高溫高濕環境下的耐水解性優異的光學活性多肽，因此例如與使用了聚乳酸的壓電基材相比，（特別是高溫高濕環境下的）耐久性優異。 於本說明書中，所謂耐久性優異是指（特別是於高溫高濕環境下）壓電感度的降低得到抑制。 Furthermore, since the piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment contains an optically active polypeptide excellent in hydrolysis resistance in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, it is, for example, easier to use (especially in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment) than a piezoelectric substrate using polylactic acid. of) excellent durability. In this specification, "excellent in durability" means that (especially in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment) the decrease in piezoelectric sensitivity is suppressed.
＜壓電體＞ 本實施形態的壓電基材包括長條狀的壓電體。 長條狀的壓電體的配向度F為0.50以上、未滿1.00的範圍。 壓電體的配向度F是根據X射線繞射測定並藉由下述式（a）而求出的值，且是指c軸配向度。 ＜Piezoelectric body＞ The piezoelectric base material of this embodiment includes a long piezoelectric body. The degree of orientation F of the elongated piezoelectric body is in the range of 0.50 to less than 1.00. The degree of orientation F of the piezoelectric body is a value obtained by the following formula (a) measured by X-ray diffraction, and refers to the degree of c-axis orientation.
配向度F=（180°-α）/180° ···式（a） 〔式（a）中，α表示源自配向的峰的半值寬（°）〕 Alignment degree F=(180°-α)/180° ···Formula (a) [In the formula (a), α represents the half-value width (°) of the peak derived from the alignment]
配向度F是表示壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽的配向的程度的指標。 於本實施形態中，長條狀的壓電體的配向度F為0.50以上這一情況有助於壓電性的表現。 長條狀的壓電體的配向度F未滿1.00這一情況有助於壓電體的生產性。 長條狀的壓電體的配向度F較佳為0.50以上、0.99以下，進而佳為0.70以上、0.98以下，特佳為0.80以上、0.97以下。 The degree of alignment F is an index showing the degree of alignment of the optically active polypeptide contained in the piezoelectric body. In this embodiment, the fact that the orientation degree F of the elongated piezoelectric body is 0.50 or more contributes to the expression of piezoelectricity. The fact that the alignment degree F of the elongated piezoelectric body is less than 1.00 contributes to the productivity of the piezoelectric body. The alignment degree F of the elongated piezoelectric body is preferably from 0.50 to 0.99, more preferably from 0.70 to 0.98, particularly preferably from 0.80 to 0.97.
於本實施形態中，所述壓電體的長度方向與所述壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽的主配向方向大致平行這一情況亦有助於壓電性的表現。 所述壓電體的長度方向與所述壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽的主配向方向大致平行這一情況亦具有壓電體於其長度方向上的拉伸強度優異的優點。因此，於將壓電體呈螺旋狀捲繞時，壓電體不易斷裂。 於本說明書中，所謂「大致平行」是指於以0°以上、90°以下的範圍表示兩個線段所形成的角度的情況下，兩個線段所形成的角度為0°以上、未滿30°（較佳為0°以上、22.5°以下，更佳為0°以上、10°以下，進而佳為0°以上、5°以下，特佳為0°以上、3°以下）。 例如，於壓電體為蠶絲或蜘蛛絲的情況下，於蠶絲或蜘蛛絲的生成過程中，壓電體（蠶絲或蜘蛛絲）的長度方向與所述壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽（例如絲纖維蛋白（fibroin）或蜘蛛絲蛋白質）的主配向方向大致平行。 In this embodiment, the fact that the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric body is substantially parallel to the main alignment direction of the optically active polypeptide contained in the piezoelectric body also contributes to the expression of piezoelectricity. The fact that the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric body is substantially parallel to the main alignment direction of the optically active polypeptide contained in the piezoelectric body also has the advantage that the piezoelectric body is excellent in tensile strength in the longitudinal direction thereof. Therefore, when the piezoelectric body is helically wound, the piezoelectric body is not easily broken. In this specification, "approximately parallel" means that when the angle formed by two line segments is expressed in the range of 0° to 90°, the angle formed by the two line segments is between 0° and less than 30°. ° (preferably between 0° and 22.5°, more preferably between 0° and 10°, still more preferably between 0° and 5°, particularly preferably between 0° and 3°). For example, when the piezoelectric body is silk or spider silk, in the production process of silk or spider silk, the length direction of the piezoelectric body (silk silk or spider silk) and the optically active polypeptide contained in the piezoelectric body (such as silk fibroin (fibroin) or spider silk protein) the main alignment direction is roughly parallel.
所述壓電體的長度方向與所述壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽的主配向方向大致平行這一情況可藉由如下方式來確認：於X射線繞射測定中，對樣品的設置方向與結晶峰的方位角進行比較。The fact that the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric body is approximately parallel to the main alignment direction of the optically active polypeptide contained in the piezoelectric body can be confirmed by the following method: in the X-ray diffraction measurement, the sample is set The orientation is compared to the azimuth of the crystallization peak.
於本實施形態中，壓電體包含光學活性多肽這一情況亦有助於壓電性的表現。 另外，如上所述，光學活性多肽耐水解性優異，因此壓電體包含光學活性多肽時，與包含聚乳酸作為主成分的壓電體相比，壓電體及壓電基材的耐久性優異。 另外，如上所述，光學活性多肽不具有熱電性，因此壓電體包含光學活性多肽時，與包含PVDF作為主成分的壓電體相比，壓電體及壓電基材的耐久性優異。 In this embodiment, the fact that the piezoelectric body contains an optically active polypeptide also contributes to the expression of piezoelectricity. In addition, as described above, the optically active polypeptide is excellent in hydrolysis resistance, so when the piezoelectric body contains the optically active polypeptide, the durability of the piezoelectric body and the piezoelectric substrate is excellent compared with a piezoelectric body containing polylactic acid as a main component. . In addition, as described above, the optically active polypeptide does not have pyroelectricity, so when the piezoelectric body contains the optically active polypeptide, the durability of the piezoelectric body and the piezoelectric substrate is superior to that of a piezoelectric body containing PVDF as a main component.
另外，包含PVDF的壓電體由於具有高的熱電性，因此由溫度變化引起的電荷量的輸出變化大。相對於此，本實施形態的包含光學活性多肽的壓電體與包含PVDF的壓電體相比，就由溫度變化引起的電荷量的輸出變化小且電荷量的輸出穩定的方面而言優異。 另一方面，包含聚乳酸的壓電體於在升溫時成為溫度高於規定溫度的高溫的情況下，有感測器感度降低的傾向。相對於此，本實施形態的包含光學活性多肽的壓電體與包含聚乳酸的壓電體相比，就即便於成為溫度高於規定溫度的高溫的情況下，感測器感度亦穩定的方面而言優異。 因此，本實施形態的壓電體的感度優異，且適合配置於變化為高溫的環境下來用以自人體檢測生物體資訊。 In addition, since a piezoelectric body made of PVDF has high pyroelectricity, the output change of the amount of charge due to temperature change is large. On the other hand, the piezoelectric body containing the optically active polypeptide of this embodiment is superior to the piezoelectric body containing PVDF in that the change in the output of the charge amount due to temperature changes is small and the output of the charge amount is stable. On the other hand, when the piezoelectric body made of polylactic acid becomes higher than a predetermined temperature when the temperature is raised, the sensor sensitivity tends to decrease. On the other hand, the piezoelectric body containing the optically active polypeptide of this embodiment is compared with the piezoelectric body containing polylactic acid in that the sensor sensitivity is stable even when the temperature becomes higher than the predetermined temperature. Excellent. Therefore, the piezoelectric body of this embodiment has excellent sensitivity, and is suitable for being disposed in an environment where the temperature changes to high temperature for detecting biological information from the human body.
於本說明書中，所謂光學活性多肽是指具有光學活性的多肽（即，具有不對稱碳原子且光學異構體的存在量不均的多肽）。 就壓電性或強度的觀點而言，光學活性多肽較佳為具有β片結構。 作為光學活性多肽，可列舉具有光學活性的動物性蛋白質（例如，絲纖維蛋白（fibroin）、絲膠蛋白（sericin）、膠原蛋白、角蛋白（keratin）、彈性蛋白（elastin）、蜘蛛絲蛋白質等）。 光學活性多肽較佳為包含絲纖維蛋白及蜘蛛絲蛋白質的至少一者，特佳為包含絲纖維蛋白及蜘蛛絲蛋白質的至少一者。 In this specification, an optically active polypeptide refers to a polypeptide having optical activity (ie, a polypeptide having an asymmetric carbon atom and having uneven amounts of optical isomers). From the viewpoint of piezoelectricity or strength, the optically active polypeptide preferably has a β-sheet structure. Optically active polypeptides include optically active animal proteins (for example, fibroin, sericin, collagen, keratin, elastin, spider silk proteins, etc.) ). The optically active polypeptide preferably includes at least one of silk fibroin and spider silk protein, and particularly preferably includes at least one of silk fibroin and spider silk protein.
蜘蛛絲蛋白質只要是天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質、或者來源於天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質或與天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質類似（以下，將該些統稱為「來源」）的蜘蛛絲蛋白質即可，並無特別限定。 此處，所謂「來源於天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質」為具有與天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質所具有的胺基酸的重複序列相同或類似的胺基酸序列的蜘蛛絲蛋白質。 作為「來源於天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質」，例如可列舉：重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質、天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質的變異體、天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質的類似物或天然蜘蛛絲蛋白質的衍生物等。 The spider silk protein is not particularly limited as long as it is a natural spider silk protein, or a spider silk protein derived from or similar to a natural spider silk protein (hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as "source"). Here, the "spider silk protein derived from a natural spider silk protein" refers to a spider silk protein having an amino acid sequence identical to or similar to an amino acid repeat sequence of a natural spider silk protein. Examples of "spider silk proteins derived from natural spider silk proteins" include recombinant spider silk proteins, variants of natural spider silk proteins, analogs of natural spider silk proteins, and derivatives of natural spider silk proteins.
作為蜘蛛絲蛋白質，就強韌性優異的觀點而言，較佳為由蜘蛛的大壺狀腺產生的大吐絲管拖絲蛋白質或來源於大吐絲管拖絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質。 作為大吐絲管拖絲蛋白質，可列舉作為來源於棒絡新婦蛛（Nephila clavipes）的大壺狀腺蜘蛛絲蛋白（spidroin）的MaSp1或MaSp2、來源於十字園蛛（Araneus diadematus）的ADF3或ADF4等。 The spider silk protein is preferably a large spinneret silk protein produced by a spider's major ampullate gland or a spider silk protein derived from a large spinneret silk protein from the viewpoint of excellent toughness. Examples of the large spinneret silk protein include MaSp1 or MaSp2, which are spidroins derived from the major ampullate gland of Nephila clavipes, ADF3 or MaSp2 derived from Araneus diadematus. ADF4 etc.
蜘蛛絲蛋白質可為由蜘蛛的小壺狀腺產生的小吐絲管拖絲蛋白質或來源於小吐絲管拖絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質。 作為小吐絲管拖絲蛋白質，可列舉作為來源於棒絡新婦蛛（Nephila clavipes）的小壺狀腺蜘蛛絲蛋白的MiSp1、MiSp2。 The spider silk protein may be a small spinneret silk protein produced by the small ampullate gland of a spider or a spider silk protein derived from a small spinneret silk protein. Examples of small spinneret silk proteins include MiSp1 and MiSp2, which are small ampullate spider silk proteins derived from Nephila clavipes.
除此以外，所述蜘蛛絲蛋白質亦可為由蜘蛛的鞭毛狀腺（flagelliform gland）產生的橫絲蛋白質或來源於該橫絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質。 作為所述橫絲蛋白質，例如可列舉來源於棒絡新婦蛛（Nephila clavipes）的鞭毛狀絲蛋白質（flagelliform silk protein）等。 In addition, the spider silk protein may be a horizontal silk protein produced by a spider's flagelliform gland or a spider silk protein derived from the horizontal silk protein. Examples of the cross-filament protein include flagelliform silk protein derived from Nephila clavipes.
作為來源於所述大吐絲管拖絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質，例如可列舉包含下述式（1）所表示的胺基酸序列的單元的重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質。 重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質可包含兩個以上（較佳為四個以上，更佳為六個以上）的下述式（1）所表示的胺基酸序列的單元。 於重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質包含兩個以上的下述式（1）所表示的胺基酸序列的單元的情況下，兩個以上的胺基酸序列的單元可相同亦可不同。 Examples of the spider silk protein derived from the large spinneret dragline protein include recombinant spider silk proteins including a unit of an amino acid sequence represented by the following formula (1). The recombinant spider silk protein may contain two or more (preferably four or more, more preferably six or more) units of the amino acid sequence represented by the following formula (1). When the recombinant spider silk protein contains two or more amino acid sequence units represented by the following formula (1), the two or more amino acid sequence units may be the same or different.
REP1-REP2 ···式（1） 〔式（1）中，REP1為主要由丙胺酸構成且由（X1）p表示的聚丙胺酸區域，REP2為包含10個～200個殘基的胺基酸的胺基酸序列〕 REP1-REP2 ···Formula (1) [In formula (1), REP1 is a polyalanine region mainly composed of alanine and represented by (X1)p, and REP2 is an amino acid sequence including amino acids of 10 to 200 residues]
於式（1）中，REP1為主要由丙胺酸構成且由（X1）p表示的聚丙胺酸區域。作為REP1，較佳為聚丙胺酸。 於（X1）p中，p並無特別限定，但較佳為表示2～20的整數，更佳為表示4～12的整數。 於（X1）p中，X1表示丙胺酸（Ala）、絲胺酸（Ser）或甘胺酸（Gly）。 於由（X1）p表示的聚丙胺酸區域中，丙胺酸的合計殘基數較佳為所述聚丙胺酸區域的胺基酸的合計殘基數的80%以上（更佳為85%以上）。 於式（1）中的REP1中，連續排列的丙胺酸較佳為2個殘基以上，更佳為3個殘基以上，進而佳為4個殘基以上，特佳為5個殘基以上。 另外，於式（1）中的REP1中，連續排列的丙胺酸較佳為20個殘基以下，更佳為16個殘基以下，進而佳為12個殘基以下，特佳為10個殘基以下。 In formula (1), REP1 is a polyalanine region mainly composed of alanine and represented by (X1)p. As REP1, polyalanine is preferred. In (X1)p, p is not particularly limited, but is preferably an integer representing 2-20, more preferably an integer representing 4-12. In (X1)p, X1 represents alanine (Ala), serine (Ser) or glycine (Gly). In the polyalanine region represented by (X1)p, the total residue number of alanine is preferably 80% or more (more preferably 85% or more) of the total residue number of amino acids in the polyalanine region. In REP1 in formula (1), the alanines arranged consecutively are preferably 2 or more residues, more preferably 3 or more residues, further preferably 4 or more residues, and particularly preferably 5 or more residues . In addition, in REP1 in formula (1), the number of consecutively arranged alanines is preferably less than 20 residues, more preferably less than 16 residues, further preferably less than 12 residues, and particularly preferably less than 10 residues base below.
於式（1）中，REP2為包含10個～200個殘基的胺基酸的胺基酸序列。相對於所述胺基酸殘基數整體，該胺基酸序列中所含的甘胺酸、絲胺酸、麩醯胺酸、脯胺酸及丙胺酸的合計殘基數較佳為40%以上，更佳為50%以上，特佳為60%以上。In formula (1), REP2 is an amino acid sequence including amino acids of 10 to 200 residues. The total number of residues of glycine, serine, glutamine, proline, and alanine contained in the amino acid sequence is preferably 40% or more relative to the total number of amino acid residues, More preferably more than 50%, especially preferably more than 60%.
作為來源於所述小吐絲管拖絲蛋白質的蜘蛛絲蛋白質，例如可列舉包含下述式（2）所表示的胺基酸序列的重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質。Examples of the spider silk protein derived from the small spinneret silk protein include recombinant spider silk proteins including an amino acid sequence represented by the following formula (2).
REP3-REP4-REP5 ···式（2） 〔式（2）中，REP3為（Gly-Gly-Z）m所表示的胺基酸序列，REP4為（Gly-Ala）l所表示的胺基酸序列，REP5為（Ala）r所表示的胺基酸序列； 於REP3中，Z是指任意的一種胺基酸； 於REP3中，m為1～4，於REP4中，l為0～4，於REP5中，r為1～6〕 REP3-REP4-REP5 ···Formula (2) [In formula (2), REP3 is the amino acid sequence represented by (Gly-Gly-Z)m, REP4 is the amino acid sequence represented by (Gly-Ala)l, and REP5 is the amino acid sequence represented by (Ala)r amino acid sequence; In REP3, Z refers to any amino acid; In REP3, m is 1-4, in REP4, l is 0-4, in REP5, r is 1-6]
於REP3中，Z是指任意的一種胺基酸，特佳為選自由Ala、Tyr及Gln所組成的群組中的一種胺基酸。In REP3, Z refers to any amino acid, particularly preferably an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Ala, Tyr and Gln.
所述重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質（例如，包含式（1）所表示的胺基酸序列的單元的重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質、包含式（2）所表示的胺基酸序列的重組蜘蛛絲蛋白質等）可使用宿主來製造，所述宿主為利用含有對成為重組對象的天然型蜘蛛絲蛋白質進行編碼的基因的表現載體進行了轉形的宿主。The recombinant spider silk protein (for example, a recombinant spider silk protein comprising a unit of an amino acid sequence represented by formula (1), a recombinant spider silk protein comprising an amino acid sequence represented by formula (2), etc.) can be used A host transformed with an expression vector containing a gene encoding a native spider silk protein to be recombined.
就壓電性的觀點而言，長條狀的壓電體較佳為包括包含光學活性多肽的纖維。 作為包含光學活性多肽的纖維，可列舉包含具有光學活性的動物性蛋白質的纖維（例如，蠶絲、羊毛、馬海毛、開士米羊毛、駱駝絨、美洲駝毛、羊駝毛、駱馬毛、安哥拉山羊毛、蜘蛛絲等）。 就壓電性的觀點而言，包含光學活性多肽的纖維較佳為包含蠶絲及蜘蛛絲的至少一者，更佳為由蠶絲及蜘蛛絲組成的至少一者。 From the viewpoint of piezoelectricity, the elongated piezoelectric body preferably includes a fiber containing an optically active polypeptide. Examples of fibers containing optically active polypeptides include fibers containing optically active animal proteins (for example, silk, wool, mohair, cashmere wool, camel hair, llama hair, alpaca hair, vicuna hair, angora hair, etc.) goat hair, spider silk, etc.). From the viewpoint of piezoelectricity, the fiber containing the optically active polypeptide preferably contains at least one of silk and spider silk, and more preferably consists of at least one of silk and spider silk.
作為蠶絲，可列舉：生絲（raw silk）、精煉蠶絲、再生蠶絲等。 作為蠶絲，較佳為生絲或精煉蠶絲，特佳為精製蠶絲。 此處，所謂精煉蠶絲是指自為絲膠蛋白與絲纖維蛋白的二重結構的生絲中去除絲膠蛋白所得的蠶絲，所謂精煉是指自生絲中去除絲膠蛋白的操作。生絲的顏色為不鮮豔的白色，但藉由自生絲中去除絲膠蛋白（即，精煉），自不鮮豔的白色變化為有光澤的銀白色。另外，藉由精煉而使柔軟的手感增強。 As silk, raw silk (raw silk), refined silk, regenerated silk, etc. are mentioned. As silk, raw silk or refined silk is preferred, and refined silk is particularly preferred. Here, refined silk refers to silk obtained by removing sericin from raw silk having a double structure of sericin and silk fibroin, and refining refers to an operation of removing sericin from raw silk. The color of raw silk is dull white, but by removing sericin from raw silk (ie, refining), it changes from dull white to lustrous silvery white. In addition, the soft touch is enhanced by refining.
就壓電性的觀點而言，長條狀的壓電體較佳為包括包含光學活性多肽的長纖維。可認為其理由在於：長纖維與短纖維相比，更容易向壓電體傳遞對壓電基材施加的應力。 此處，所謂「長纖維」是指具有可自壓電基材的長條方向的一端連續地捲繞至另一端的長度的纖維。 所述蠶絲、羊毛、馬海毛、開士米羊毛、駱駝絨、美洲駝毛、羊駝毛、駱馬毛、安哥拉山羊毛及蜘蛛絲均相當於長纖維。 長纖維中，就壓電性的觀點而言，較佳為蠶絲及蜘蛛絲。 From the viewpoint of piezoelectricity, the elongated piezoelectric body preferably includes a long fiber containing an optically active polypeptide. The reason for this is considered to be that the stress applied to the piezoelectric base material is more easily transmitted to the piezoelectric body by the long fibers than by the short fibers. Here, the term "long fiber" refers to a fiber having a length that can be continuously wound from one end to the other end of the piezoelectric substrate in the longitudinal direction. The silk, wool, mohair, cashmere wool, camel hair, llama hair, alpaca hair, vicuna hair, angora hair and spider silk are all equivalent to long fibers. Among the long fibers, silkworm silk and spider silk are preferable from the viewpoint of piezoelectricity.
於長條狀的壓電體包含所述纖維的情況下，長條狀的壓電體較佳為包含至少一根絲，所述絲包含至少一根所述纖維。 作為長條狀的壓電體包含所述絲時的態樣，可列舉長條狀的壓電體包含一根所述絲的態樣、長條狀的壓電體為多根所述絲的集合體的態樣等。 所述絲可為加撚絲，亦可為無撚絲，就壓電性的觀點而言，較佳為撚數為500 T/m以下的絲（即，撚數為500 T/m以下的加撚絲或無撚絲（撚數為0 T/m））。 作為無撚絲，可列舉一根原絲、多根原絲的集合體等。 When the elongated piezoelectric body includes the fiber, the elongated piezoelectric body preferably includes at least one filament, and the filament includes at least one fiber. Examples of an aspect in which the elongated piezoelectric body includes the above-mentioned wires include an embodiment in which the elongated piezoelectric body includes one of the above-mentioned wires, and an embodiment in which the elongated piezoelectric body includes a plurality of the above-mentioned wires. The shape of the aggregate, etc. The silk can be twisted or untwisted. In terms of piezoelectricity, it is preferably a silk with a twist number of 500 T/m or less (that is, a twist number of 500 T/m or less). Twisted or untwisted (twist 0 T/m)). Examples of the untwisted yarn include one strand, an aggregate of a plurality of strands, and the like.
長條狀的壓電體的粗度（於長條狀的壓電體為多根絲的集合體的情況下為集合體整體的粗度）並無特別限制，較佳為0.0001 mm～2 mm，更佳為0.001 mm～1 mm，特佳為0.005 mm～0.8 mm。The thickness of the strip-shaped piezoelectric body (in the case where the strip-shaped piezoelectric body is an aggregate of multiple filaments, the thickness of the entire aggregate) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0.0001 mm to 2 mm , more preferably 0.001 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.005 mm to 0.8 mm.
於長條狀的壓電體為一根原絲或多根原絲的集合體的情況下，一根原絲的纖度較佳為0.01丹尼（Denier）～10000丹尼，更佳為0.1丹尼～1000丹尼，特佳為1丹尼～100丹尼。In the case where the elongated piezoelectric body is an aggregate of one or more precursors, the fineness of one precursor is preferably 0.01 Denier to 10,000 Denier, more preferably 0.1 Denier to 1,000 Danny, especially 1 Danny to 100 Danny.
於本實施形態中，長條狀的壓電體呈螺旋狀捲繞。 本實施形態中，藉由對呈螺旋狀捲繞的長條狀的壓電體施加剪切應力而產生電荷。由此，表現出壓電性。 對壓電體的剪切應力例如可藉由如下方式來施加：沿螺旋軸向對呈螺旋狀捲繞的長條狀的壓電體整體進行拉伸；對呈螺旋狀捲繞的長條狀的壓電體的一部分進行扭轉（即，以螺旋軸作為軸對所述壓電體的一部分進行扭轉）；將呈螺旋狀捲繞的長條狀的壓電體的一部分或整體彎曲等。 In this embodiment, the elongated piezoelectric body is wound helically. In the present embodiment, charges are generated by applying shear stress to a long piezoelectric body wound in a helical shape. Thereby, piezoelectricity is exhibited. The shear stress on the piezoelectric body can be applied, for example, by stretching the entire strip-shaped piezoelectric body wound helically along the helical axis; Twisting a part of the piezoelectric body (that is, twisting a part of the piezoelectric body with the helical axis as an axis); bending a part or the whole of the elongated piezoelectric body wound in a helical shape, and the like.
長條狀的壓電體較佳為以20°～70°的螺旋角度進行捲繞。 此處，所謂螺旋角度是指螺旋軸向（於包括芯材的情況下為芯材的長度方向）與經捲繞的壓電體的長度方向所形成的角度（參照圖7中的螺旋角度β1）。 作為螺旋角度，更佳為25°～65°，進而佳為30°～60°，特佳為35°～55°。 The elongated piezoelectric body is preferably wound with a helix angle of 20° to 70°. Here, the so-called helix angle refers to the angle formed by the helix axis (in the case of including the core material, the length direction of the core material) and the longitudinal direction of the wound piezoelectric body (refer to the helix angle β1 in FIG. 7 ). The helix angle is more preferably 25° to 65°, further preferably 30° to 60°, and particularly preferably 35° to 55°.
長條狀的壓電體較佳為沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞。 此處，所謂「沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞」是指於自壓電基材的一端觀察時，壓電體以自近前側向裡側左捲（即，逆時針）的方式沿左旋方向呈螺旋狀捲繞，或者於自壓電基材的一端觀察時，壓電體以自近前側向裡側右捲（即，順時針）的方式沿右旋方向呈螺旋狀捲繞。 於長條狀的壓電體沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞的情況下，可抑制所產生的電荷的極性相互抵消的現象（即，壓電性降低的現象）。因此，壓電基材的壓電性進一步提高。 The elongated piezoelectric body is preferably helically wound in one direction. Here, "helically wound in one direction" means that when viewed from one end of the piezoelectric substrate, the piezoelectric body spirals leftward (ie, counterclockwise) from the front side to the inner side in a left-handed direction. It is spirally wound, or when viewed from one end of the piezoelectric substrate, the piezoelectric body is spirally wound in a right-handed direction from the near side to the inner side (ie, clockwise). When the elongated piezoelectric body is helically wound in one direction, it is possible to suppress a phenomenon in which polarities of generated charges cancel each other out (that is, a phenomenon in which piezoelectricity decreases). Therefore, the piezoelectricity of the piezoelectric base material is further improved.
於壓電基材包括沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞的長條狀的壓電體的態樣中，不僅包含僅包括一層所述壓電體的態樣，而且亦包含重疊有多層的所述壓電體的態樣。 作為重疊有多層的所述壓電體的態樣，例如可列舉於沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞的第一層壓電體上重疊，並將第二層壓電體沿與所述一方向相同的方向呈螺旋狀捲繞的態樣。 The aspect in which the piezoelectric base material includes a long piezoelectric body spirally wound in one direction includes not only the aspect including only one layer of the piezoelectric body but also the aspect in which multiple layers of the piezoelectric body are stacked. The state of the piezoelectric body. As an aspect of the piezoelectric body in which multiple layers are stacked, for example, the piezoelectric body of the first layer wound helically in one direction is stacked, and the piezoelectric body of the second layer is stacked along the one direction. The same direction is a form of spiral winding.
作為本實施形態的壓電基材的態樣，亦可列舉如下態樣：包括沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞的第一壓電體、以及沿與所述一方向不同的方向呈螺旋狀捲繞的第二壓電體作為長條狀的壓電體，第一壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽的手性與第二壓電體中所含的光學活性多肽的手性相互不同。As an aspect of the piezoelectric base material according to the present embodiment, an aspect including a first piezoelectric body wound helically in one direction and a piezoelectric body helically wound in a direction different from the one direction can also be cited. The wound second piezoelectric body is a strip-shaped piezoelectric body, and the chirality of the optically active polypeptide contained in the first piezoelectric body is different from that of the optically active polypeptide contained in the second piezoelectric body.
壓電體視需要亦可包含光學活性多肽以外的成分。 例如，於壓電體為多根原絲的集合體的情況下，壓電體可包含用以將多根原絲的集合體固定的接著劑。接著劑的較佳態樣將於下文敘述。 The piezoelectric body may also contain components other than optically active polypeptides as needed. For example, when the piezoelectric body is an aggregate of a plurality of precursors, the piezoelectric body may include an adhesive for fixing the aggregate of the plurality of precursors. A preferred aspect of the adhesive will be described below.
＜芯材、外部導體＞ 本實施形態的壓電基材包括長條狀的芯材。 本實施形態的壓電基材中，長條狀的壓電體繞所述長條狀的芯材呈螺旋狀捲繞。 ＜Core material, outer conductor＞ The piezoelectric base material of this embodiment includes a long core material. In the piezoelectric base material of the present embodiment, the elongated piezoelectric body is wound helically around the elongated core material.
芯材可為導體。 壓電基材包括作為導體的芯材的態樣具有如下優點：容易經由作為導體的芯材而自壓電體中取出電訊號（電壓訊號或電荷訊號）。 另外，該態樣中，由於成為與同軸電纜中所包括的內部結構（內部導體及電介質）相同的結構，因此例如於將該態樣的壓電基材應用於同軸電纜的情況下，可成為電磁屏蔽性高且對於雜訊而言強的結構。 作為導體，較佳為電性良導體，例如可列舉：銅線、鋁線、不銹鋼（SUS）線、經絕緣皮膜被覆的金屬線、碳纖維、與碳纖維一體化的樹脂纖維、錦絲線、有機導電材料等。 所謂錦絲線是指銅箔於纖維上呈螺旋（spiral）狀捲繞而成者。 導體中，就提高壓電感度，賦予高彎曲性的觀點而言，較佳為錦絲線、碳纖維。 The core material may be a conductor. The aspect in which the piezoelectric substrate includes a core material as a conductor has the following advantages: it is easy to extract electrical signals (voltage signals or charge signals) from the piezoelectric body through the core material as a conductor. In addition, since this aspect has the same internal structure (inner conductor and dielectric) included in the coaxial cable, for example, when the piezoelectric base material of this aspect is applied to a coaxial cable, it can become A structure that has high electromagnetic shielding properties and is strong against noise. As the conductor, it is preferably a good electrical conductor, for example, copper wire, aluminum wire, stainless steel (SUS) wire, metal wire covered with an insulating film, carbon fiber, resin fiber integrated with carbon fiber, brocade wire, organic conductive wire, etc. materials etc. The so-called brocade thread refers to the copper foil wound in a spiral shape on the fiber. Among the conductors, brocade thread and carbon fiber are preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the piezoelectric sensitivity and imparting high bendability.
特別是，於電阻低且要求彎曲性、可撓性的用途中，較佳為使用錦絲線。 錦絲線的形態具有銅箔呈螺旋狀捲繞於纖維的結構，藉由使用導電率高的銅，能夠使輸出阻抗降低。因此，藉由將錦絲線用作芯材，壓電基材的壓電性進一步提高。 In particular, brocade thread is preferably used for applications that require bendability and flexibility with low electrical resistance. The shape of brocade wire has a structure in which copper foil is spirally wound around fibers, and the output impedance can be reduced by using copper with high conductivity. Therefore, by using brocade wire as the core material, the piezoelectricity of the piezoelectric substrate is further improved.
另外，於要求非常高的彎曲性、柔軟度的梭織物或針織物等的加工用途（例如壓電梭織物、壓電針織物、壓電感測器（梭織物狀壓電感測器、針織物狀壓電感測器））中，較佳為使用碳纖維。 另外，於將本實施形態的壓電基材用作纖維來製造壓電梭織物或壓電針織物的情況下，要求柔軟度、高彎曲性。於此種用途中，較佳為絲狀或纖維狀的訊號線導體。包括絲狀或纖維狀的訊號線導體的壓電基材具有高彎曲性，因此適宜的是利用梭織機（weaving machine）或針織機（knitting machine）進行的加工。 In addition, it is used in the processing of woven or knitted fabrics that require very high flexibility and softness (such as piezoelectric woven fabrics, piezoelectric knitted fabrics, piezoelectric sensors (woven fabric-like piezoelectric sensors, knitted In object shape piezoelectric sensor)), it is preferable to use carbon fiber. In addition, when producing a piezoelectric woven fabric or a piezoelectric knitted fabric using the piezoelectric base material of this embodiment as a fiber, softness and high flexibility are required. In this application, a wire-like or fibrous signal-line conductor is preferred. The piezoelectric substrate including the wire-shaped or fiber-shaped signal line conductor has high flexibility, and thus is suitable for processing by a weaving machine or a knitting machine.
於壓電基材包括作為導體的芯材的情況下，壓電基材較佳為於較繞芯材呈螺旋狀捲繞的長條狀的壓電體更靠外周側處包括外部導體，並且作為導體的芯材與外部導體電絕緣。 該態樣中，可藉由外部導體而將壓電基材的內部（壓電體及作為導體的芯材）靜電屏蔽，因此可抑制由壓電基材外部的靜電的影響引起的作為導體的芯材的電壓變化或電荷變化。 因此，於壓電基材中，可獲得更穩定的壓電性。 外部導體較佳為與接地電位連接。 In the case where the piezoelectric base material includes a core material as a conductor, the piezoelectric base material preferably includes an external conductor on the outer peripheral side of the elongated piezoelectric body spirally wound around the core material, and The core material as a conductor is electrically insulated from the outer conductor. In this aspect, the interior of the piezoelectric base material (the piezoelectric body and the core material as a conductor) can be electrostatically shielded by the external conductor, so that the influence of static electricity on the outside of the piezoelectric base material can be suppressed. The voltage change or charge change of the core material. Therefore, in the piezoelectric substrate, more stable piezoelectricity can be obtained. The outer conductor is preferably connected to ground potential.
外部導體的材料並無特別限定，但根據剖面形狀而主要可列舉以下材料。 例如，作為具有矩形剖面的外部導體的材料，可使用對圓形剖面的銅線進行壓延而加工成平板狀所得的銅箔帶或Al箔帶等。 例如，作為具有圓形剖面的外部導體的材料，可使用銅線、鋁線、SUS線、經絕緣皮膜被覆的金屬線、碳纖維、與碳纖維一體化的樹脂纖維、錦絲線。 另外，作為外部導體的材料，亦可使用利用絕緣材料塗佈有機導電材料而成者。 The material of the outer conductor is not particularly limited, but the following materials are mainly exemplified depending on the cross-sectional shape. For example, as a material of an outer conductor having a rectangular cross section, a copper foil tape or an Al foil tape obtained by rolling a copper wire having a circular cross section into a flat plate shape can be used. For example, copper wire, aluminum wire, SUS wire, metal wire coated with an insulating film, carbon fiber, resin fiber integrated with carbon fiber, and brocade wire can be used as the material of the outer conductor having a circular cross section. In addition, as the material of the outer conductor, one obtained by coating an organic conductive material with an insulating material can also be used.
外部導體較佳為配置成包裹作為導體的芯材及壓電體，以便不與作為導體的芯材發生短路。 關於作為導體的芯材及壓電體的包裹方法，可選擇如下方法：將銅箔等呈螺旋狀捲繞而進行包裹的方法或將銅線等製成筒狀的編帶而包入至筒狀的編帶中的方法等。 再者，所述包裹方法並不限定於該些方法。 藉由將作為導體的芯材及壓電體包入，可進一步提高靜電屏蔽的效果。 另外，關於外部導體的配置，以將壓電基材的最小基本結構單元（即，導體及壓電體）呈圓筒狀包合的方式配置亦為較佳形態之一。 另外，例如，於使用包括所述最小基本結構單元的壓電基材，將後述的壓電針織物或壓電梭織物加工成片狀的情況下，將面狀或片狀的導體接近該加工物的相向的一面或兩面而進行配置亦為較佳形態之一。 The outer conductor is preferably disposed so as to wrap the core material as the conductor and the piezoelectric body so as not to be short-circuited with the core material as the conductor. Regarding the method of wrapping the core material and piezoelectric body as a conductor, the following methods can be selected: the method of wrapping copper foil, etc. in a spiral shape, or wrapping copper wire, etc. into a cylindrical braid The method in the braiding of the shape, etc. In addition, the said wrapping method is not limited to these methods. The effect of electrostatic shielding can be further enhanced by enclosing the core material as a conductor and the piezoelectric body. In addition, regarding the arrangement of the external conductor, it is also one of the preferable forms to arrange so that the minimum basic structural unit of the piezoelectric base material (ie, the conductor and the piezoelectric body) is enclosed in a cylindrical shape. In addition, for example, when the piezoelectric knitted fabric or piezoelectric woven fabric described later is processed into a sheet form using a piezoelectric base material including the above-mentioned minimum basic structural unit, a planar or sheet-shaped conductor is brought close to the processed It is also one of the preferred forms to configure the opposite side or both sides of the object.
外部導體的剖面形狀可應用圓形狀、橢圓形狀、矩形形狀、異形狀等各種剖面形狀。特別是，矩形剖面可與導體及壓電體等以平面密接，因此可有效率地將因壓電效果而產生的電荷作為電壓信號進行檢測。Various cross-sectional shapes such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, and a different shape can be applied to the cross-sectional shape of the outer conductor. In particular, the rectangular cross-section can be in close contact with conductors, piezoelectric bodies, etc. on a plane, so that electric charges generated by the piezoelectric effect can be efficiently detected as voltage signals.
＜絕緣體＞ （第一態樣的絕緣體） 本實施形態的壓電基材亦可更包括第一態樣的絕緣體。 第一態樣的絕緣體較佳為沿著內部導體的外周面呈螺旋狀捲繞。 於該情況下，自壓電體觀察，第一態樣的絕緣體可配置於與內部導體相反的一側，亦可配置於內部導體與壓電體之間。 另外，第一態樣的絕緣體的捲繞方向可為與壓電體的捲繞方向相同的方向，亦可為不同的方向。 特別是，於壓電基材包括外部導體的情況下，藉由壓電基材更包括第一態樣的絕緣體，而有如下優點：於壓電基材彎曲變形時，容易抑制內部導體與外部導體的電短路的產生。 ＜Insulator＞ (the insulator of the first form) The piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment may further include the insulator of the first aspect. The insulator of the first aspect is preferably wound helically along the outer peripheral surface of the inner conductor. In this case, the insulator of the first aspect may be arranged on the side opposite to the inner conductor when viewed from the piezoelectric body, or may be arranged between the inner conductor and the piezoelectric body. In addition, the winding direction of the insulator of the first aspect may be the same direction as that of the piezoelectric body, or may be a different direction. In particular, in the case where the piezoelectric base material includes an external conductor, since the piezoelectric base material further includes the insulator of the first aspect, there is an advantage that when the piezoelectric base material is bent and deformed, it is easy to restrain the inner conductor from contacting the outer conductor. The occurrence of an electrical short circuit in a conductor.
作為第一態樣的絕緣體，並無特別限定，例如可列舉：氯乙烯樹脂、聚乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯樹脂、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物（乙烯四氟乙烯（Ethylene Tetrafluoro Ethylene，ETFE））、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物（氟化乙烯丙烯（Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene，FEP））、四氟乙烯樹脂（聚四氟乙烯（Polytetrafluoroethylene，PTFE））、四氟乙烯-全氟丙基乙烯基醚共聚物（全氟烷氧基（Polyfluoroalkoxy，PFA））、氟橡膠、聚酯樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯樹脂（聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯（Polyethylene Terephthalate，PET））、橡膠（包含彈性體）等。 就相對於導體的捲繞的觀點而言，第一態樣的絕緣體的形狀較佳為長條形狀。 （第二態樣的絕緣體） 於本揭示的壓電基材中，於在外周包括外部導體的情況下，亦可於第一外部導體的外周更包括第二態樣的絕緣體。 藉此，能夠進行靜電屏蔽，且由外部的靜電的影響引起的導體（較佳為內部導體）的電壓變化得到抑制。 The insulator of the first aspect is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)), Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)), tetrafluoroethylene resin (Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoropropyl vinyl ether Copolymer (Polyfluoroalkoxy (PFA)), fluorine rubber, polyester resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin (polyethylene terephthalate Ester (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)), rubber (including elastomers), etc. From the viewpoint of winding with respect to the conductor, the shape of the insulator of the first aspect is preferably an elongated shape. (Second form of insulator) In the piezoelectric base material of the present disclosure, when the outer periphery includes the outer conductor, the outer periphery of the first outer conductor may further include the insulator of the second aspect. Thereby, electrostatic shielding can be performed, and the voltage change of the conductor (preferably the inner conductor) caused by the influence of external static electricity is suppressed.
第二絕緣體並無特別限定，例如可列舉作為第一態樣的絕緣體而例示的材料。 另外，第二態樣的絕緣體的形狀並無特別限定，只要為可被覆外部導體的至少一部分的形狀即可。 The second insulator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the materials exemplified as the insulator of the first aspect. In addition, the shape of the insulator of the second aspect is not particularly limited, as long as it can cover at least a part of the outer conductor.
作為於本實施形態的壓電基材的最外周設置絕緣體的方法，可列舉如下方法：將長條狀的絕緣體捲繞於設置絕緣體之前的壓電基材的方法；將設置絕緣體之前的壓電基材配置於圓筒形狀的絕緣體（例如熱收縮管）的內部空間，繼而，藉由熱而使圓筒形狀的絕緣體收縮來進行密接的方法；利用絕緣性的熔融樹脂進行被覆並使其冷卻固化的方法；塗佈絕緣性的樹脂塗敷液並使其固化的方法等。As a method of providing an insulator on the outermost periphery of the piezoelectric base material of the present embodiment, the following methods may be mentioned: a method of winding an elongated insulator around the piezoelectric base material before the insulator is provided; A method in which the base material is placed in the inner space of a cylindrical insulator (such as a heat-shrinkable tube), and then the cylindrical insulator is shrunk by heat to make a close contact; it is covered with an insulating molten resin and allowed to cool A method of curing; a method of applying an insulating resin coating liquid and curing it; and the like.
＜接著劑＞ 本實施形態的壓電基材亦可包含接著劑。 壓電基材包含接著劑的態樣中，可至少將呈螺旋狀捲繞的壓電體機械性一體化。 另外，於壓電基材包括芯材等壓電體以外的構件（芯材、外部導體等）的情況下，亦可藉由接著劑而使壓電體與壓電體以外的構件一體化。 藉由將壓電體（或壓電體及壓電體以外的構件）機械性一體化，於對壓電基材施加力的情況下，力容易作用於壓電基材中的壓電體。因此，壓電性進一步提高。 ＜Adhesive＞ The piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment may also contain an adhesive. In an aspect in which the piezoelectric base material includes an adhesive, at least the helically wound piezoelectric body can be mechanically integrated. In addition, when the piezoelectric base material includes members other than the piezoelectric body (core material, outer conductor, etc.) such as a core material, the piezoelectric body and the members other than the piezoelectric body may be integrated with an adhesive. By mechanically integrating the piezoelectric body (or the piezoelectric body and members other than the piezoelectric body), when a force is applied to the piezoelectric base material, the force can easily act on the piezoelectric body in the piezoelectric base material. Therefore, piezoelectricity is further improved.
作為接著劑的材料，可列舉：環氧系接著劑、胺基甲酸酯系接著劑、乙酸乙烯酯樹脂系乳液形接著劑、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物（ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer，EVA）系乳液形接著劑、丙烯酸樹脂系乳液形接著劑、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠系乳膠形接著劑、矽酮樹脂系接著劑、α-烯烴（異丁烯-馬來酸酐樹脂）系接著劑、氯乙烯樹脂系溶劑形接著劑、橡膠系接著劑、彈性接著劑、氯丁二烯橡膠系溶劑形接著劑、腈橡膠系溶劑形接著劑等、氰基丙烯酸酯系接著劑等。Examples of adhesive materials include epoxy adhesives, urethane adhesives, vinyl acetate resin emulsion adhesives, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesives. Emulsion-type adhesives, acrylic resin-based emulsion-type adhesives, styrene-butadiene rubber-based latex-type adhesives, silicone resin-based adhesives, α-olefin (isobutylene-maleic anhydride resin)-based adhesives, vinyl chloride Resin-based solvent adhesives, rubber-based adhesives, elastic adhesives, chloroprene rubber-based solvent-based adhesives, nitrile rubber-based solvent-based adhesives, etc., cyanoacrylate-based adhesives, etc.
＜其他部件＞ 本實施形態的壓電基材亦可包括所述各部件以外的其他部件。 作為其他部件，例如可列舉長條狀的壓電體以外的纖維。 本實施形態的壓電基材中，亦可將長條狀的壓電體以外的纖維與長條狀的壓電體一起捲繞。 另外，於本實施形態的壓電基材上可接合公知的取出電極。作為取出電極，可列舉連接器等電極零件、壓接端子等。電極零件可藉由焊接等釺接、導電性接合劑等來與壓電基材接合。 ＜Other parts＞ The piezoelectric base material of this embodiment may include other components than the above-mentioned components. Examples of other members include fibers other than elongated piezoelectric bodies. In the piezoelectric base material of this embodiment, fibers other than the long piezoelectric body may be wound together with the long piezoelectric body. In addition, a known extraction electrode can be bonded to the piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment. Examples of the extraction electrode include electrode parts such as connectors, crimp terminals, and the like. The electrode parts can be bonded to the piezoelectric base material by bonding such as welding, or a conductive adhesive.
以下，一面參照圖式一面對本實施形態的壓電基材的具體例進行說明，但本實施形態的壓電基材並不限定於以下的具體例。
再者，於所有圖式中，對實質上相同的部件標註相同的符號，有時省略重覆的說明。另外，於本實施形態的壓電基材的具體例中，後述的壓電基材50A、壓電基材50B及壓電基材50C為所述壓電基材50的一例。
Hereinafter, specific examples of the piezoelectric substrate of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings, but the piezoelectric substrate of the present embodiment is not limited to the following specific examples.
In addition, in all drawings, the same code|symbol is attached|subjected to the substantially same member, and overlapping description may be abbreviate|omitted. In addition, among the specific examples of the piezoelectric substrate according to this embodiment, a
＜具體例A＞ 圖7是示意性地表示本實施形態的具體例A的壓電基材的概略側面圖，圖8是圖7的X-X'線剖面圖。 具體例A為第一態樣的壓電基材（包括芯材的壓電基材）中不包括外部導體的態樣的具體例。 ＜Concrete example A＞ FIG. 7 is a schematic side view schematically showing a piezoelectric substrate according to Example A of the present embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX' of FIG. 7 . Specific example A is a specific example of an aspect in which an outer conductor is not included in the piezoelectric base material (piezoelectric base material including a core material) of the first aspect.
如圖7所示，作為具體例A的壓電基材50A包括作為導體的長條狀的芯材52、以及長條狀的壓電體54A。壓電體54A沿著芯材52的外周面並以螺旋角度β1自一端至另一端以無間隙的方式沿一方向呈螺旋狀捲繞。
此處，螺旋角度β1是於側視時螺旋軸G1的方向（該例中為芯材52的軸向）與壓電體54A的長度方向所形成的角度。
該壓電基材50A中，壓電體54A以左捲捲繞於芯材52。具體而言，於自芯材52的軸向上的一端側（圖8的右端側）觀察壓電基材50A時，壓電體54A自芯材52的近前側朝向裡側以左捲捲繞。
另外，於圖8中，壓電體54A中所含的光學活性多肽的主配向方向由雙向箭頭E1表示。即，光學活性多肽的主配向方向與壓電體54A的長度方向大致平行。
壓電基材50A中，藉由將接著劑（未圖示）含浸於各構件（芯材52及壓電體54A）間而將各構件一體化（固定化）。
As shown in FIG. 7 , a
以下，對壓電基材50A的作用效果進行說明。
例如，若於壓電基材50A的長度方向上施加張力，則對壓電體54A中所含的光學活性多肽施加剪切應力，光學活性多肽進行極化。可認為該光學活性多肽的極化如圖8中箭頭所示般使相位於壓電基材50A的徑向上一致而產生。藉此，表現出壓電基材50A的壓電性。
進而，壓電基材50A由於包括作為導體的芯材52，因此可經由芯材52而更容易地取出壓電體54A中產生的電訊號（電壓訊號或電荷訊號）。
Hereinafter, the function and effect of the
＜具體例B＞ 圖9是示意性地表示本實施形態的具體例B的壓電基材的概略側面圖。 具體例B為第一態樣的壓電基材（包括芯材的壓電基材）中包括外部導體的態樣的具體例。 ＜Concrete example B＞ Fig. 9 is a schematic side view schematically showing a piezoelectric substrate according to Example B of the present embodiment. Specific example B is a specific example of an aspect in which an outer conductor is included in the piezoelectric base material (piezoelectric base material including a core material) of the first aspect.
如圖9所示，作為具體例B的壓電基材50B相對於所述作為具體例A的壓電基材50A而言，於在較壓電體54A更靠外周側處包括外部導體56，且芯材52與外部導體56電絕緣這一方面不同。其他結構與所述作為具體例A的壓電基材50A相同。
外部導體56的較佳態樣如上所述。外部導體56例如可藉由將銅箔帶繞壓電體54A呈螺旋狀捲繞而形成，所述壓電體54A繞芯材52呈螺旋狀捲繞。
壓電基材50B中，藉由將接著劑（未圖示）含浸於各構件（芯材52、壓電體54A及外部導體56）間而將各構件一體化（固定化）。
如圖9所示，壓電基材50B中，於側視時，壓電體54A的捲繞體（即，呈螺旋狀捲繞的壓電體54A）的端部與外部導體56的端部的位置錯開。藉此，將芯材52與外部導體56確實地絕緣。但是，該些端部的位置並非必須錯開，只要將作為導體的芯材與外部導體電絕緣，則該些端部的位置亦可為於側視時重合的位置。
As shown in FIG. 9 , the
於壓電基材50B中，亦可起到與壓電基材50A相同的作用效果。
進而，由於壓電基材50B包括外部導體56，因此可藉由外部導體56而將壓電基材50B的內部（壓電體54A及作為導體的芯材52）靜電屏蔽。因此，可抑制由壓電基材50B外部的靜電的影響引起的芯材52的電壓變化，其結果，可獲得更穩定的壓電性。
Also in the
再者，於壓電基材50B中，亦可將外部導體56省略。
不言而喻，即便於將外部導體56省略的情況下，亦可起到由作為導體的芯材52帶來的作用效果。
另外，即便於將外部導體56省略的情況下，亦成為與同軸電纜中所包括的內部結構（內部導體及電介質）相同的結構，因此於應用於同軸電纜的情況下，可成為電磁屏蔽性高且對於雜訊而言強的結構。
Furthermore, in the
＜第一實施形態的匯總＞
本實施形態的轉向盤20包括：輪緣21（把持體），供駕駛員把持；以及壓電基材50，設置於輪緣21，對輪緣21自駕駛員受到的壓力進行偵測。轉向盤20中，壓電基材50包括：軸狀的內部導體（芯材52）；以及長條狀壓電體54A，於內部導體（芯材52）的周圍呈同軸狀設置，且包含光學活性多肽。
<Summary of the first embodiment>
The
壓電基材50藉由將壓電體54A呈螺旋狀捲繞於內部導體（芯材52），而能夠沿與加壓的方向不同的方向輸出與剪切應力相應的電訊號。因此，設置於轉向盤20的線狀的壓電基材50藉由因對於該轉向盤20的壓力而於軸向上產生張力來輸出電訊號。
另外，構成壓電基材50的包含光學活性多肽的壓電體54A能夠呈線狀配置，而並非呈片狀配置，根據本實施形態，與呈片狀配置的包含PVDF的壓電體相比，就配置部位的制約少的方面而言優異。
In the
另外，包含PVDF的壓電體中，由溫度變化引起的電荷量的輸出變化大。相對於此，本實施形態的壓電基材50與包括包含PVDF的壓電體的轉向盤相比，就由溫度變化引起的電荷量的輸出變化小，電荷量的輸出穩定的方面而言優異。
另一方面，包含聚乳酸的壓電體於在升溫時成為溫度高於規定溫度的高溫的情況下，有感測器感度降低的傾向。相對於此，本實施形態的壓電基材50與包括包含聚乳酸的壓電體的轉向盤相比，就即便於成為溫度高於規定溫度的高溫的情況下，感測器感度亦穩定的方面而言優異。
In addition, a piezoelectric body made of PVDF has a large output change in charge amount due to temperature change. On the other hand, the
因此，本實施形態的壓電基材50的感度優異，且適合配置於變化為高溫的環境下即車輛的轉向盤20上來用於自人體檢測生物體資訊。Therefore, the
另外，於將設置電極，並根據因與該電極接觸的人體而產生的電極間的電位差來對生物體資訊進行偵測的方法應用於轉向盤的情況下，需要用兩手來把持轉向盤中的電極，因此在用於檢測生物體資訊的方面有制約。另外，有時於轉向盤中的電極上產生靜電，從而誤檢測生物體資訊。
另一方面，本實施形態的轉向盤20遍及輪緣21的整周而設置壓電基材50，因此不論是單手還是雙手，均能夠對把持輪緣21的壓力進行偵測來檢測生物體資訊。另外，即便於產生了靜電的情況下，壓電基材50由於配置於輪緣21的內部且不受靜電的影響，因此亦能夠防止生物體資訊的誤檢測。
In addition, when the method of installing electrodes and detecting biological information based on the potential difference between the electrodes generated by the human body in contact with the electrodes is applied to the steering wheel, it is necessary to use both hands to hold the steering wheel. Electrodes, therefore, are limited in their ability to detect biological information. In addition, static electricity is sometimes generated on the electrodes in the steering wheel, thereby falsely detecting biological information.
On the other hand, the
另外，於將對把持轉向盤的用戶的手照射光，並對自該用戶的手反射的反射光進行偵測來檢測生物體資訊的方法應用於轉向盤的情況下，為了操作車輛而用戶的手有時會自照射光的部位離開。因此，有時無法精度良好地檢測生物體資訊，且有時生物體資訊的檢測感度降低。
另一方面，本實施形態的轉向盤20由於遍及輪緣21的整周而設置壓電基材50，因此於把持輪緣21的期間能夠檢測生物體資訊。因此，即便於用戶為了操作車輛而移動手的情況下，生物體資訊的檢測感度亦不降低。
In addition, when the method of irradiating light to the hand of the user who is holding the steering wheel and detecting the reflected light from the user's hand to detect biometric information is applied to the steering wheel, the user's hand in order to operate the vehicle The hand sometimes moves away from the part where the light is irradiated. Therefore, biometric information may not be detected with high precision, and the detection sensitivity of biometric information may decrease.
On the other hand, since the
另外，於設置規定間隔而重疊的兩張膜中，上面的膜藉由接觸而撓曲，藉由撓曲而上面的膜與下面的膜接觸。有藉由對自該接觸的部位通電此情況進行偵測來偵測對膜的接觸的電阻感壓式感壓感測器。於將該電阻感壓式感壓感測器應用於轉向盤的情況下，為了檢測接觸部位的位置，而需要對感測器始終供給電壓，需要基於流動的電流測定來進行電阻測定，並持續供給電力。
另一方面，本實施形態的轉向盤20能夠檢測藉由對壓電基材50輸入壓力而產生的電訊號，來檢測生物體資訊，因此無需供給電力。
In addition, among the two films stacked at a predetermined interval, the upper film is deflected by contact, and the upper film is brought into contact with the lower film by deflection. There are resistive pressure sensitive pressure sensors that detect contact to the membrane by detecting the fact that electricity is applied from the contact site. When applying this resistive pressure-sensitive pressure sensor to the steering wheel, in order to detect the position of the contact point, it is necessary to constantly supply voltage to the sensor, and it is necessary to measure the resistance based on the measurement of the flowing current, and continuously supply electricity.
On the other hand, the
因此，本實施形態的轉向盤20的感度優異，且能夠抑制電力消耗，因此適合用於自人體檢測生物體資訊。Therefore, the
[第二實施形態]
其次，參照圖10來對第二實施形態的轉向盤20進行說明。圖10是表示供於對本實施形態的壓電基材的配置進行說明的轉向盤20的一例的正面圖。再者，本實施形態與第一實施形態的不同之處僅是壓電基材50的配置不同，其他形態相同。以下的說明中，對與第一實施形態相同的結構標註相同的符號，並省略重覆的說明。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, a
作為一例，如圖10所示，壓電基材50於輪緣21的內部以捲繞於輪緣21的方式配置。於該情況下，切口25同樣地以相對於輪緣21的表面材料24進行捲繞的狀態形成。As an example, as shown in FIG. 10 , the
根據第二實施形態，除第一實施形態的效果以外，亦具有以下的效果。即，本實施形態中，於輪緣21的內部，一根壓電基材50以捲繞於輪緣21的方式配置，藉此不論是輪緣21的內徑側還是外徑側，均可自輪緣21的表面的廣範圍中檢測生物體資訊。According to the second embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, there are also the following effects. That is, in the present embodiment, one
[第三實施形態]
其次，參照圖11來對第三實施形態的轉向盤20進行說明。圖11是表示供於對本實施形態的壓電基材的配置進行說明的轉向盤20的一例的正面圖。再者，本實施形態與第二實施形態的不同之處僅是壓電基材50的配置及功能結構不同，其他形態相同。以下的說明中，對與第二實施形態相同的結構標註相同的符號，並省略重覆的說明。
[Third Embodiment]
Next, a
作為一例，如圖11所示，於轉向盤20中，於供用戶把持的輪緣21的內部配置有相互獨立的多個壓電基材50。具體而言，沿著輪緣21的形狀等間隔地設置有六根壓電基材50。As an example, as shown in FIG. 11 , in the
其次，參照圖12來對配置了相互獨立的多個感測器單元23時的生物體資訊檢測裝置10及控制裝置100的功能結構進行說明。如圖12所示，生物體資訊檢測裝置10具有偵測部41及檢測部42B。各功能結構可藉由如下方式來實現：CPU 31讀取儲存器34中所記憶的執行程式並執行此執行程式。再者，關於圖12中的與圖6所示的生物體資訊檢測裝置10及控制裝置100的功能相同的功能，標註與圖6相同的符號，並省略其說明。Next, the functional configuration of the biological
圖12所示的檢測部42B具有如下功能：根據偵測部41所偵測到的數位訊號的大小及週期來對呼吸及脈搏等生物體資訊進行檢測。另外，檢測部42B具有如下功能：藉由將鄰接的壓電基材50彼此的輸出訊號加以比較來對表示駕駛員把持輪緣21的位置的位置資訊進行檢測。The
另外，如圖12所示，控制裝置100具有獲取部111B及控制部112B。各功能結構可藉由如下方式來實現：CPU 101讀取儲存器104中所記憶的執行程式並執行此執行程式。Moreover, as shown in FIG. 12, the
獲取部111B具有自生物體資訊檢測裝置10獲取生物體資訊及位置資訊的功能。The
控制部112B具有使用所獲取的生物體資訊及位置資訊來對設備200進行控制的功能。例如，控制部112B根據生物體資訊而向各個設備200發送執行處理的指示。具體而言，控制部112B根據生物體資訊來對心搏間隔的波動進行檢測，於該心搏的波動變小（心搏的間隔穩定）的情況下，判定為駕駛員處於困倦的狀態，向作為設備200的致動器發送使制動器發揮作用的指示。另外，控制部112B根據生物體資訊來對心搏的大小及次數進行檢測，於心搏的大小大於駕駛員的平均值且規定期間的心搏的次數多於駕駛員的平均值的情況下，判定為駕駛員處於緊張狀態，向作為設備200的致動器發送使制動器發揮作用的指示。另外，控制部112B可使用位置資訊來判定駕駛員把持輪緣21的狀況，並將輸出與把持輪緣21的狀況及未把持輪緣21的狀況相關的語音資訊的指示發送給揚聲器等輸入輸出部105，亦可將輸出文字資訊的指示發送給監視器等顯示部106。The
藉由配置有相互獨立的多個壓電基材50，將各個壓電基材50獨立地偵測到的壓力加以比較，可檢測駕駛員的生物體資訊及位置資訊（駕駛員把持輪緣21的位置資訊），可使用生物體資訊及位置資訊來對設備200進行控制。By arranging a plurality of
[第三實施形態的變形例]
第三實施形態中，對多個壓電基材50沿著輪緣21的形狀配置的形態進行了說明。但是，並不限定於此。作為一例，如圖13所示，多個壓電基材50可以捲繞於輪緣21的方式配置。具體而言，八根壓電基材50以捲繞於輪緣21的方式等間隔地設置。
[Modification of the third embodiment]
In the third embodiment, a mode in which a plurality of
藉由將相互獨立的多個壓電基材50以捲繞於輪緣21的方式配置，可自輪緣21的表面的廣範圍中檢測駕駛員的生物體資訊及位置資訊（駕駛員把持輪緣21的位置資訊）。By arranging a plurality of independent
此處，於將相互獨立的多個壓電基材50設置於輪緣21的情況下，可僅將壓電體54A沿右旋方向捲繞的壓電基材50配置於輪緣21，亦可僅將壓電體54A沿左旋方向捲繞的壓電基材50配置於輪緣21。另外，亦可將壓電體54A沿右旋方向捲繞的壓電基材50及壓電體54A沿左旋方向捲繞的壓電基材50此兩者以交替設置等方式配置於輪緣21。將沿右旋方向捲繞的壓電基材50與沿左旋方向捲繞的壓電基材兩根壓電基材排列配置，並對各自的檢測訊號進行差動放大，藉此能夠使生命訊號的輸出倍增，從而消除重疊於訊號線的同相雜訊。藉此，能夠提高生命訊號的SN比。Here, in the case where a plurality of independent
再者，所述實施形態中，對壓電基材50設置於供駕駛員把持的輪緣21（把持體）的形態進行了說明。但是，並不限定於此。例如，壓電基材50亦可設置於輪轂22。藉由將壓電基材50設置於輪轂22，能夠對駕駛員把持輪轂22的情況進行偵測，能夠於駕駛姿勢、特別是未把持輪緣21的情況下等，對駕駛員進行通知，以把持輪緣21。
另外，亦可將壓電基材50配置於未圖示的轉向開關。例如，將壓電基材50配置於轉向盤20上所設置的按鈕的下方，於按下了該按鈕時，壓電基材50對壓力進行偵測，藉此能夠檢測按下了按鈕這一情況。
[實施例]
In addition, in the said embodiment, the form in which the
以下，藉由實施例來對本揭示的技術進行更具體的說明，但本揭示只要不超出其主旨，則並不限定於以下的實施例。Hereinafter, the technology of the present disclosure will be more specifically described using examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples unless the gist is exceeded.
〔實施例1〕 ＜光學活性多肽纖維的準備＞ 作為光學活性多肽纖維，準備生絲蠶絲。生絲蠶絲為包含光學活性多肽的長纖維。生絲蠶絲為21丹尼。生絲蠶絲的粗度為0.06 mm-0.04 mm。 （光學活性多肽纖維的配向度F的測定） 使用廣角X射線繞射裝置（理學（Rigaku）公司製造的「RINT2550」，附屬裝置：旋轉試樣台，X射線源：CuKα，輸出：40 kV 370 mA，檢測器：閃爍計數器（scintillation counter）），將生絲蠶絲（光學活性多肽纖維）固定於固定器，並對結晶面峰[2θ＝20°]的方位角分佈強度進行測定。 於所獲得的方位角分佈曲線（X射線干涉圖）中，根據峰的半值寬（α），並藉由下述式（a）來算出生絲蠶絲（光學活性多肽纖維）的配向度F（c軸配向度）。 光學活性多肽纖維的配向度F為0.91。 配向度（F）=（180°-α）/180° ···式（a） （α為源自配向的峰的半值寬） [Example 1] ＜Preparation of Optically Active Polypeptide Fiber＞ As optically active polypeptide fibers, prepare raw silk silk. Raw silk silk is a long fiber comprising optically active polypeptides. Raw silk is 21 denier. The thickness of raw silk is 0.06mm-0.04mm. (Determination of the degree of alignment F of optically active polypeptide fibers) Wide-angle X-ray diffraction device ("RINT2550" manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd., attachment: rotating sample stage, X-ray source: CuKα, output: 40 kV 370 mA, detector: scintillation counter) , fix the raw silk (optical active polypeptide fiber) in the holder, and measure the azimuth angle distribution intensity of the crystal plane peak [2θ=20°]. In the obtained azimuth angle distribution curve (X-ray interferogram), according to the half-value width (α) of the peak, and by the following formula (a) to calculate the alignment degree F of silk silk (optical active polypeptide fiber) ( c-axis alignment). The alignment degree F of the optically active polypeptide fiber is 0.91. Alignment degree (F) = (180°-α)/180° ···Formula (a) (α is the half-value width of the peak derived from the alignment)
＜壓電絲的製作＞ 針對生絲蠶絲，藉由公知的方法，對作為壓電絲的六根單撚（撚數150 T/m）所得的絲進行精煉來製作精煉蠶絲。該精煉蠶絲的撚絲的配向度F為0.86。 根據光學活性多肽纖維的配向度F為0.86及使用精煉蠶絲來製作六根單撚所得的絲（壓電絲），可評價為壓電絲的長度方向與精煉蠶絲（光學活性多肽纖維）中所含的光學活性多肽的主配向方向大致平行。 ＜Production of piezoelectric wire＞ Raw silk was refined by a known method by refining six single-twist (twist: 150 T/m) filaments as piezoelectric filaments to produce refined silk. The orientation degree F of the twisted yarn of this refined silk was 0.86. According to the alignment degree F of the optically active polypeptide fiber is 0.86 and six single-twisted filaments (piezoelectric filaments) are produced using refined silk, it can be evaluated that the length direction of the piezoelectric filament is the same as that contained in the refined silk (optical active polypeptide fiber). The main alignment directions of the optically active polypeptides are roughly parallel.
＜壓電基材的製作＞
作為內部導體，準備明清產業股份有限公司製造的錦絲線「U24-01-00」（線徑0.26 mm、長度200 mm）。
將壓電絲以螺旋角度成為約45°的方式以左捲儘量無間隙地纏繞於內部導體的外周面上。藉此，於內部導體的外周面上形成層（以下，稱為「壓電絲層」），從而獲得壓電基材前驅物。壓電絲層覆蓋內部導體的外周面的整個面。即，內部導體的外周面未露出。
再者，所謂「左捲」表示於自內部導體（錦絲線）的軸向上的一端觀察時，壓電絲自內部導體的近前側朝向裡側以左捲捲繞。所謂「螺旋角度」表示壓電絲的長度方向相對於內部導體的軸向所形成的角度。
其次，滴加作為接著劑的東亞合成公司製造的亞龍阿爾法（Aron Alpha）902H3（氰基丙烯酸酯系接著劑），並加以含浸，藉此使生絲機械性一體化。
其次，作為外部導體，準備縱切為寬度為0.3 mm的銅箔帶。將該銅箔帶繞芯材捲繞，並繞機械性一體化後的生絲以生絲基本不露出的方式無間隙地捲繞。此處，銅箔帶的捲繞方向設為右捲。另外，銅箔帶是以不與兩個壓接端子接觸的方式捲繞。
其次，進而，將作為絕緣被覆的厚度為0.15 mm的PTFE膜以左捲覆蓋捲繞，並以不露出外部銅箔的方式覆蓋整體。
藉由以上而獲得壓電基材。
＜Production of Piezoelectric Substrate＞
As the internal conductor, a brocade thread "U24-01-00" (wire diameter 0.26 mm,
＜於表皮正下方配置壓電基材＞ 將壓電基材的末端與同軸線連接，並以內部導體與外部導體不進行電接觸的方式配置，對所述連接部分以自外部包裹的方式利用銅箔覆蓋，藉由焊接而將所述銅箔與外部導體電連接，利用卡普頓（Kapton）膠帶對整體進行固定。以捲繞於轉向盤的輪緣上的方式配置一根壓電基材。具體而言，如圖14所示，將轎車中所使用的貼有真皮的轉向盤的真皮部分暫時剝離，於位於真皮下方的胺基甲酸酯樹脂的緩衝材上設置一根壓電基材，並將真皮部分再次安裝並加以恢復。 ＜Piezoelectric substrate placed directly under the skin＞ The end of the piezoelectric base material is connected to the coaxial line, and the inner conductor and the outer conductor are not electrically contacted, and the connecting part is covered with copper foil in a manner of wrapping from the outside. The copper foil is electrically connected to the external conductor, and the whole is fixed with Kapton tape. One piezoelectric substrate is arranged so as to be wound around the rim of the steering wheel. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 14, the leather part of the steering wheel with the leather used in the car is temporarily peeled off, and a piezoelectric substrate is placed on the urethane resin cushioning material under the leather. , and the leather part was reinstalled and restored.
＜壓電基材的壓電感度的檢測＞ 另外，來自壓電基材的訊號的檢測設為以下的方法。 將和壓電基材的末端連接的同軸線與檢測電路連接。此處，將外部導體側的配線連接於檢測電路的接地側。檢測電路使用如圖15所示的放大電路，對可變電阻進行調整而設定為100倍的放大度。將該電路的輸出電壓（OutPut）與NI製造的USB-6002連接，轉換為數位訊號，藉由USB連接而輸入至個人電腦，於個人電腦上使用控制用軟體LabView，經由高通濾波器而進行移動平均處理，並對電壓訊號進行測定。此處，高通濾波器使用截止頻率為1 Hz的巴特沃斯濾波器（Butterworth filter）3次，移動平均處理設為50次。 使用該系統，並利用以下的方法進行把持偵測。 於圖14所示的轉向盤中，為了檢測把持，而對設置有壓電基材的轉向盤的部位A進行把持，然後放手（圖16中的雙向箭頭A的範圍是於圖14中把持方向盤的部位A的時間）。另一方面，對未設置壓電基材的轉向盤的部位B進行把持（圖16中的雙向箭頭B的範圍是於圖14中把持方向盤的部位B的時間），確認到該所檢測到的電壓不同。 其結果，如圖16所示，於把持轉向盤之前檢測到低電壓，於把持轉向盤的部位A時檢測到大電壓，檢測到把持的狀態。進而，針對進行把持的期間，對由作為生物體的生理現象的肌肉的機械性微小振動（所謂，生物體震顫）引起的振動進行檢測。認為生物體震顫中，對規定頻率頻帶（例如5 Hz～20 Hz左右的頻帶）內的一定頻率的振動進行檢測，電壓電平以一定值上升。 另外，於放開把持的手時，偵測到其壓力變動，並暫時檢測到大電壓，然後，電壓降低至基礎電平。 <Detection of piezoelectric inductance of piezoelectric substrate> In addition, the detection of the signal from the piezoelectric base material was carried out by the following method. The coaxial wire connected to the end of the piezoelectric substrate is connected to a detection circuit. Here, the wiring on the outer conductor side is connected to the ground side of the detection circuit. The detection circuit uses an amplification circuit as shown in FIG. 15 , and adjusts the variable resistor to set the amplification degree of 100 times. Connect the output voltage (OutPut) of this circuit to the USB-6002 manufactured by NI, convert it into a digital signal, input it to a personal computer through the USB connection, and use the control software LabView on the personal computer to move it through a high-pass filter Average processing, and measure the voltage signal. Here, as a high-pass filter, a Butterworth filter (Butterworth filter) with a cutoff frequency of 1 Hz was used three times, and the moving average processing was set to 50 times. Use this system, and use the following method to carry out grasping detection. In the steering wheel shown in FIG. 14, in order to detect the grip, the part A of the steering wheel provided with the piezoelectric substrate is grasped, and then let go (the range of the double-headed arrow A in FIG. 16 is when the steering wheel is held in FIG. the time of site A). On the other hand, the part B of the steering wheel where no piezoelectric substrate is installed is held (the range of the double-headed arrow B in FIG. 16 is the time when the part B of the steering wheel is held in FIG. 14 ), and the detected The voltage is different. As a result, as shown in FIG. 16 , a low voltage is detected before the steering wheel is gripped, and a high voltage is detected when the steering wheel is gripped at the part A, and the gripped state is detected. Furthermore, during the grasping period, vibrations caused by mechanical minute vibrations of muscles (so-called biological tremors), which are physiological phenomena of the living body, are detected. It is considered that in a living body tremor, a vibration of a certain frequency within a predetermined frequency band (for example, a frequency band of about 5 Hz to 20 Hz) is detected, and the voltage level rises at a constant value. In addition, when the holding hand is released, its pressure fluctuation is detected, and a large voltage is temporarily detected, and then the voltage drops to the base level.
另外，於對未設置壓電基材的轉向盤的部位B（對角位置）進行把持時，同樣地偵測到把持的壓力變動，電壓電平上升，但是立即減少。進而，於對轉向盤的部位B進行把持的期間，檢測到生物體震顫的振動。其中，由於所把持的位置遠離設置壓電基材的位置，因此訊號電平表示低值。進而，於放開對轉向盤的部位B進行把持的手時，對由壓力變動引起的電壓進行檢測，然後降低至基礎電平的電壓。Also, when gripping the part B (diagonal position) of the steering wheel where the piezoelectric substrate is not provided, similarly, a fluctuation in the gripping pressure is detected, and the voltage level rises, but immediately decreases. Furthermore, while the part B of the steering wheel is being held, the vibration of the living body tremor is detected. Wherein, since the gripped position is far away from the position where the piezoelectric substrate is installed, the signal level shows a low value. Furthermore, when the hand holding the part B of the steering wheel is released, the voltage due to the pressure fluctuation is detected, and then the voltage is lowered to the base level.
如以上所說明般，能夠根據由生物體震顫引起的電壓上升及波動來對有無把持轉向盤進行檢測。另外，把持轉向盤的部位能夠根據壓電基材的輸出的大小來對把持位置進行偵測。 藉由適當增加轉向盤中的分割數，並配置壓電基材，從而可調整檢測感度，且能夠根據由生物體震顫引起的振動輸出的大小來更正確地檢測所把持的位置資訊。 As described above, whether or not the steering wheel is held can be detected based on the voltage rise and fluctuation caused by the tremor of the living body. In addition, the position where the steering wheel is held can be detected based on the magnitude of the output of the piezoelectric substrate. By appropriately increasing the number of divisions in the steering wheel and configuring the piezoelectric substrate, the detection sensitivity can be adjusted, and the grasped position information can be detected more accurately according to the magnitude of the vibration output caused by the vibration of the living body.
〔比較例〕
其次，作為實施例1的比較例，將PVDF壓電感測器與壓電基材排列配置於轉向盤上。將和貴研究所股份有限公司製造的已極化的PVDF片（PVDF-P0045）切割成長度200 mm寬度15 mm，於兩表面以190 mm的長度貼附寬度為10 mm的銅箔膠帶，利用引線來焊接端部，和壓電基材同樣地與同軸線連接。
[Comparative example]
Next, as a comparative example of
＜於表皮正下方配置壓電基材＞
將實施例1的壓電基材與PVDF壓電感測器和實施例1同樣地於位於轉向盤的真皮下方的胺基甲酸酯樹脂的緩衝材上橫向排列配置，利用卡普頓（Kapton）膠帶對整體進行固定後，與實施例1同樣地將真皮部分再次安裝並加以恢復。
＜Piezoelectric substrate placed directly under the skin＞
The piezoelectric base material of
＜壓電基材的壓電感度的檢測＞ 針對壓電基材及PVDF壓電感測器，與實施例1同樣地使用如圖15所示般的檢測電路，將檢測電路的輸出電壓（OutPut）與NI製造的USB-6002連接，轉換為數位訊號，藉由USB連接而輸入至個人電腦，於個人電腦上使用控制用軟體LabView，不設定濾波器來測定電壓訊號。將PVDF壓電感測器的輸出與檢測電路連接，並設定檢測電路的放大度，以使於把持時成為與實施例1同等的電壓電平。 然後，於進行了數次把持及放開轉向盤的動作後，對表示把持的訊號（例如，圖17中的0秒至10秒的範圍）進行偵測，確認到檢測到兩個感測器為同等的電壓。然後，將氪球54 W的燈泡配置於感測器部的上部約15 cm的距離處，對轉向盤進行加熱，於開始加熱起約12秒後，確認到轉向盤的表面溫度上升至約45度。將檢測到對轉向盤進行加熱時的伴隨時間經過的表示把持的電壓訊號的結果示於圖17中。此處，於圖17中，利用實線表示由壓電基材檢測到的電壓，利用虛線表示由PVDF壓電感測器檢測到的電壓。 <Detection of piezoelectric inductance of piezoelectric substrate> For the piezoelectric substrate and the PVDF piezoelectric sensor, a detection circuit as shown in Figure 15 is used in the same manner as in Example 1, and the output voltage (OutPut) of the detection circuit is connected to USB-6002 manufactured by NI, and converted to The digital signal is input to the personal computer through the USB connection, and the control software LabView is used on the personal computer to measure the voltage signal without setting a filter. The output of the PVDF piezoelectric sensor was connected to the detection circuit, and the amplification of the detection circuit was set so that it would be at the same voltage level as in Example 1 when gripping. Then, after holding and releasing the steering wheel several times, the signal indicating the holding (for example, the range of 0 seconds to 10 seconds in Figure 17) was detected, and it was confirmed that two sensors detected for the same voltage. Then, a 54 W krypton bulb was placed at a distance of about 15 cm above the sensor unit to heat the steering wheel. About 12 seconds after the start of heating, it was confirmed that the surface temperature of the steering wheel rose to about 45 Spend. FIG. 17 shows the results of detecting the voltage signal indicating the grip with the passage of time when the steering wheel is heated. Here, in FIG. 17 , the voltage detected by the piezoelectric substrate is indicated by a solid line, and the voltage detected by the PVDF piezoelectric sensor is indicated by a dotted line.
如圖17所示，壓電基材於在自開始加熱起至10秒的期間內反覆進行了把持及放開方向盤的動作時，穩定地檢測到表示把持的電壓訊號。另外，壓電基材與自開始加熱起經過15秒以上（轉向盤的溫度成為45度以上）的情況同樣地，於反覆進行了把持及放開方向盤的動作時，穩定地檢測到電壓訊號（圖17的15秒至25秒的範圍）。 另一方面，PVDF壓電感測器於在自開始加熱起至10秒的期間內反覆進行了把持及放開方向盤的動作時，穩定地檢測到電壓訊號。然而，PVDF壓電感測器於自開始加熱起經過15秒（轉向盤的溫度成為45度以上）的情況下，於反覆進行了把持及放開方向盤的動作時，電壓變化大幅增加，於開始加熱起成為20秒以上時，成為超範圍，無法檢測到表示把持的電壓訊號。 As shown in FIG. 17 , when the piezoelectric substrate repeatedly held and released the steering wheel within 10 seconds from the start of heating, a voltage signal indicating the holding was stably detected. In addition, similar to the case where 15 seconds or more have elapsed since the start of heating (the temperature of the steering wheel becomes 45 degrees or higher), the piezoelectric substrate stably detects a voltage signal when the steering wheel is repeatedly held and released ( Figure 17 for the range of 15 seconds to 25 seconds). On the other hand, the PVDF piezoelectric sensor stably detected a voltage signal when the steering wheel was repeatedly held and released within 10 seconds from the start of heating. However, when the PVDF piezoelectric sensor is heated for 15 seconds (the temperature of the steering wheel becomes 45 degrees or higher), the voltage change increases significantly when the steering wheel is repeatedly held and released. When it is more than 20 seconds from heating, it becomes out of range, and the voltage signal indicating holding cannot be detected.
如以上所說明般，即便於轉向盤的溫度上升的情況下，本實施例的壓電基材亦能夠穩定地檢測表示把持轉向盤的電壓訊號。As described above, even when the temperature of the steering wheel rises, the piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment can stably detect the voltage signal indicating that the steering wheel is held.
〔實施例2〕 除準備壓電絲及壓延銅箔帶的捲繞方向分別不同的兩根壓電基材以外，與實施例1同樣地製作壓電基材。實施例2中，對使用壓電絲及壓延銅箔帶的捲繞方向分別不同的兩根壓電基材來檢測生物體震顫的實施例進行說明。 [Example 2] A piezoelectric base was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that two piezoelectric bases were prepared in which the winding directions of the piezoelectric wire and the rolled copper foil tape were different. In Example 2, an example in which a living body tremor is detected using two piezoelectric substrates in which winding directions of a piezoelectric wire and a rolled copper foil tape are respectively different will be described.
＜壓電基材的製作＞ 關於本實施例的壓電基材，準備由與實施例1相同的左捲的壓電絲及右捲的壓延銅箔帶構成的第一壓電基材及由捲繞方向與第一壓電基材不同的、右捲的壓電絲及左捲的壓延銅箔帶構成的第二壓電基材。 ＜Production of Piezoelectric Substrate＞ Regarding the piezoelectric substrate of this embodiment, prepare the first piezoelectric substrate composed of the same left-handed piezoelectric wire and right-handed rolled copper foil tape as in Example 1, and prepare the first piezoelectric substrate by the winding direction and the first piezoelectric substrate. The second piezoelectric substrate is composed of right-rolled piezoelectric wire and left-rolled rolled copper foil tape with different substrates.
將各個壓電基材以內部導體與外部導體不電連接的方式配置，並將末端與同軸線連接，將該連接部分以自外部包裹的方式利用銅箔覆蓋，藉由焊接而將銅箔與外部導體電連接，利用卡普頓（Kapton）膠帶對整體進行固定。Each piezoelectric base material is arranged so that the inner conductor and the outer conductor are not electrically connected, and the end is connected to the coaxial line, and the connected part is covered with copper foil in a manner of wrapping from the outside, and the copper foil and the outer conductor are connected by welding. The external conductors are electrically connected, and the whole is fixed with Kapton tape.
＜於表皮正下方配置壓電基材＞
以捲繞於轉向盤的輪緣的方式，將各個壓電基材並列配置於胺基甲酸酯樹脂的緩衝材上，利用各個卡普頓（Kapton）膠帶將壓電基材固定於緩衝材後，與實施例1同樣地再次安裝真皮部分。此處，作為一例，如圖18所示，將第一壓電基材50D的內部導體50D1與配線29A中的同軸線的中心軸側的第一導線29A1連接，將第一壓電基材50D的外部導體50D2與配線29A中的同軸線外側的第二導線29A2連接。另外，同樣地，將第二壓電基材50E的內部導體50E1與配線29B中的同軸線的中心軸側的第一導體29B1連接，將第二壓電基材50E的外部導體50E2與配線29B中的同軸線外側的第二導線29B2連接。
＜Piezoelectric substrate placed directly under the skin＞
Piezoelectric substrates are arranged side by side on a urethane resin cushioning material so as to be wound around the rim of the steering wheel, and the piezoelectric substrates are fixed to the cushioning material with Kapton tapes After that, the leather part was attached again in the same manner as in Example 1. Here, as an example, as shown in FIG. 18 , the internal conductor 50D1 of the first
＜壓電基材的壓電感度的檢測＞
其次，將第一壓電基材50D及第二壓電基材50E分別與收容於金屬框體（GND）中的儀表放大器電連接。將配線29A的第一導線29A1與儀表放大器的第一差動輸入端子V
IN -連接。將配線29B的第二導線29B1與儀表放大器的第二差動輸入端子V
IN +連接。將儀表放大器的基準端子V
ref、配線29A的第二導線29A2及配線29B的第二導線29B2與收容儀表放大器30的金屬框體（GND）連接。
<Detection of Piezoelectric Sensitivity of Piezoelectric Base Material> Next, the first
配置結束後，保持利用單手輕輕握持方向盤的埋入有壓電基材的部分的狀態，將自第一壓電基材50D及第二壓電基材50E分別獲得的訊號輸入至儀表放大器中，使用美國國家儀器（National Instrument）公司製造的「USB-6001」對儀表放大器的輸出進行電壓測量，將資料取入至個人電腦，對電壓訊號進行快速傅立葉轉換（Fast Fourier Transform，FFT）解析，並對頻率特性進行評價。After the placement is completed, keep lightly holding the part of the steering wheel where the piezoelectric substrate is embedded with one hand, and input the signals obtained from the first
FFT解析中，使用LabView的光譜測量結構ExpressVI，並使用振幅測量、漢寧窗、樣品數：32768、速率1 kHz的條件進行了測定。將實施例2中的進行FFT解析所得的測定結果示於圖19中。
另外，作為比較，將如下測定結果示於圖20中：在與實施例2相同的配置的狀態下，於不握持轉向盤而靜置的狀態下檢測訊號，並進行FFT解析所得的測定結果。
For FFT analysis, using LabView's spectral measurement structure ExpressVI, the measurement was performed using the conditions of amplitude measurement, Hanning window, number of samples: 32768, and
當將圖19及圖20加以比較時，藉由使用壓電絲及壓延銅箔帶的捲繞方向不同的兩根壓電基材，可顯著地檢測到表示把持轉向盤的訊號。When comparing FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 , by using two piezoelectric substrates in which the winding directions of the piezoelectric wire and the rolled copper foil tape are different, the signal indicating that the steering wheel is held can be significantly detected.
〔實施例3〕
除不將第二壓電基材50E的內部導體50E1與儀表放大器30的第二差動輸入端子V
IN +電連接以外，與實施例2同樣地進行訊號的檢測。詳細而言，作為一例，如圖21所示，將第一壓電基材50D的內部導體50D1與儀表放大器的第一差動輸入端子V
IN -電連接，將收容儀表放大器30的金屬框體（GND）與儀表放大器30的第二差動輸入端子V
IN +連接。另外，將儀表放大器的基準端子V
ref、配線29A的第二導線29A2及配線29B的第二導線29B2與收容儀表放大器30的金屬框體（GND）連接。即，實施例3中，僅使用第一壓電基材50D，對表示把持的訊號進行檢測，並進行FFT解析。
將於實施例3中與實施例2同樣地進行FFT解析而得的測定結果示於圖22中。
[Example 3] A signal is detected in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the inner conductor 50E1 of the second piezoelectric base material 50E is not electrically connected to the second differential input terminal V IN + of the
當將圖20及圖22加以比較時，即便於僅使用第一壓電基材50D的情況下，亦可檢測到表示把持的訊號。另一方面，當將圖19及圖22加以比較時，於僅使用第一壓電基材50D的情況下，與使用壓電絲及壓延銅箔帶的捲繞方向不同的兩根壓電基材的情況相比，訊號的電壓變小。換言之，於使用捲繞方向不同的兩根壓電基材的情況下，與使用一根壓電基材的情況相比，可顯著地檢測到表示把持轉向盤的訊號。When comparing FIG. 20 and FIG. 22 , even when only the first
再者，關於所述內容中揭示的技術的一實施形態，進而揭示以下的附記。In addition, the following supplementary notes are further disclosed about one embodiment of the technology disclosed in the above contents.
（附記1） 如＜6＞所述的方向盤，其中， 所述壓電基材更包括沿著所述內部導體的外周面呈螺旋狀捲繞的絕緣體， 所述絕緣體配置於所述內部導體與所述壓電體之間。 (Note 1) The steering wheel as described in <6>, wherein, The piezoelectric substrate further includes an insulator wound helically along the outer peripheral surface of the inner conductor, The insulator is disposed between the inner conductor and the piezoelectric body.
1:控制系統 2:車輛 10:生物體資訊檢測裝置 20:轉向盤 21:輪緣（把持體） 22:輪轂 23:感測器單元 24:表面材 25:切口 26:多孔橡膠 28:AD轉換器 29、29A、29B:配線 29A1、29B1:第一導線 29A2、29B2:第二導線 30:車載器（儀表放大器） 31、101:中央處理單元 32、102:唯讀記憶體 33、103:隨機存取記憶體 34、104:儲存器 35、107:通信I/F 36:輸入I/F 37、108:匯流排 41:偵測部 42A、42B:檢測部 50、50A、50B、50C:壓電基材 50D:第一壓電基材 50D1、50E1:內部導體 50D2、50E2:外部導體 50E:第二壓電基材 52:芯材（內部導體） 54A:壓電體（長條狀壓電體） 56:外部導體 100:控制裝置 105:輸入輸出部 106:顯示部 111A、111B:獲取部 112A、112B:控制部 200:設備 A、B、E1:雙向箭頭 G1:螺旋軸 V IN -:第一差動輸入端子 V IN +:第二差動輸入端子 V ref:基準端子 X-X':線 β1:螺旋角度 1: Control system 2: Vehicle 10: Biological information detection device 20: Steering wheel 21: Wheel rim (grip body) 22: Hub 23: Sensor unit 24: Surface material 25: Cutout 26: Porous rubber 28: AD conversion Devices 29, 29A, 29B: wiring 29A1, 29B1: first wire 29A2, 29B2: second wire 30: vehicle-mounted device (instrument amplifier) 31, 101: central processing unit 32, 102: read-only memory 33, 103: random Access memory 34, 104: storage 35, 107: communication I/F 36: input I/F 37, 108: bus bar 41: detection part 42A, 42B: detection part 50, 50A, 50B, 50C: pressure Electric substrate 50D: first piezoelectric substrate 50D1, 50E1: inner conductor 50D2, 50E2: outer conductor 50E: second piezoelectric substrate 52: core material (internal conductor) 54A: piezoelectric body (long piezoelectric body) 56: external conductor 100: control device 105: input and output unit 106: display unit 111A, 111B: acquisition unit 112A, 112B: control unit 200: equipment A, B, E1: bidirectional arrow G1: helical shaft V IN - : First differential input terminal V IN + : Second differential input terminal V ref : Reference terminal X-X': Line β1: Helix angle
圖1是表示各實施形態的控制系統的一例的框圖。 圖2是表示供於對第一實施形態的壓電基材的配置進行說明的轉向盤的一例的正面圖。 圖3是第一實施形態的轉向盤中的圖2的X-X'線剖面圖。 圖4是各實施形態的生物體資訊檢測裝置的硬體結構的一例的框圖。 圖5是表示各實施形態的控制裝置的硬體結構的一例的框圖。 圖6是表示第一實施形態的控制系統的功能結構的一例的框圖。 圖7是示意性地表示各實施形態的壓電基材的概略側面圖。 圖8是各實施形態的壓電基材中的圖7的X-X'線剖面圖。 圖9是示意性地表示各實施形態的變形例的壓電基材的概略側面圖。 圖10是表示供於對第二實施形態的壓電基材的配置進行說明的方向盤的一例的正面圖。 圖11是表示供於對第三實施形態的壓電基材的配置進行說明的方向盤的一例的正面圖。 圖12是表示第三實施形態的控制系統的功能結構的一例的框圖。 圖13是表示供於對第三實施形態的變形例的壓電基材的配置進行說明的方向盤的一例的正面圖。 圖14是表示實施例1的轉向盤上所設置的壓電基材的一例的圖。 圖15是表示自實施例1的壓電基材檢測生物體資訊的檢測電路的一例的框圖。 圖16是表示自實施例1的壓電基材檢測到的生物體震顫的一例的曲線圖。 圖17是表示自比較例的PVDF及壓電基材檢測到的電壓訊號的一例的曲線圖。 圖18是表示實施例2的壓電基材及儀表放大器的結構的一例的概略圖。 圖19是表示把持實施例2的轉向盤時的快速傅立葉轉換（FFT）解析的測定結果的一例的曲線圖。 圖20是表示未把持實施例2的轉向盤時的FFT解析的測定結果的一例的曲線圖。 圖21是表示實施例3的壓電基材及儀表放大器的結構的一例的概略圖。 圖22是表示把持實施例3的轉向盤時的FFT解析的測定結果的一例的曲線圖。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a control system in each embodiment. Fig. 2 is a front view showing an example of a steering wheel used for explaining the arrangement of piezoelectric substrates according to the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line XX' of Fig. 2 in the steering wheel according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example of a hardware configuration of a living body information detection device according to each embodiment. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a control device according to each embodiment. Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the control system according to the first embodiment. Fig. 7 is a schematic side view schematically showing a piezoelectric substrate according to each embodiment. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX' of Fig. 7 in the piezoelectric substrate according to each embodiment. Fig. 9 is a schematic side view schematically showing a piezoelectric substrate according to a modified example of each embodiment. Fig. 10 is a front view showing an example of a steering wheel for describing the arrangement of piezoelectric substrates according to the second embodiment. Fig. 11 is a front view showing an example of a steering wheel for describing the arrangement of piezoelectric substrates according to the third embodiment. Fig. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the control system according to the third embodiment. 13 is a front view showing an example of a steering wheel for explaining the arrangement of piezoelectric substrates in a modified example of the third embodiment. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a piezoelectric base material provided on the steering wheel of the first embodiment. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of a detection circuit for detecting living body information from the piezoelectric substrate of the first embodiment. 16 is a graph showing an example of a living body tremor detected from the piezoelectric substrate of Example 1. FIG. 17 is a graph showing an example of a voltage signal detected from PVDF and a piezoelectric substrate of a comparative example. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the piezoelectric substrate and the instrumentation amplifier of the second embodiment. 19 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis when the steering wheel of Example 2 is held. 20 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of FFT analysis when the steering wheel of Example 2 is not held. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a piezoelectric substrate and an instrumentation amplifier in Example 3. FIG. 22 is a graph showing an example of measurement results of FFT analysis when the steering wheel of Example 3 is held.
20:轉向盤 20: steering wheel
21:輪緣(把持體) 21: Rim (control body)
22:輪轂 22: hub
23:感測器單元 23: Sensor unit
50:壓電基材 50: Piezoelectric substrate
X-X':線 XX': line
Claims (12)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2021-093908 | 2021-06-03 | ||
| JP2021093908 | 2021-06-03 |
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| TW202302030A true TW202302030A (en) | 2023-01-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| TW111120718A TW202302030A (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2022-06-02 | Steering wheel, biometric information detection device, and control system |
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| JP (1) | JPWO2022255412A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW202302030A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022255412A1 (en) |
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| DE102019119860A1 (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-01-28 | ZF Automotive Safety Germany GmbH | STEERING DEVICE SENSOR, MEASURING SYSTEM, OPERATING SYSTEM AND STEERING DEVICE |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2009045077A (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2009-03-05 | Pioneer Electronic Corp | Biological information detector, steering wheel member, steering wheel cover, and method of manufacturing steering wheel member |
| DE102011076174A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Haptic steering wheel, steering wheel system and driver assistance system for a motor vehicle |
| WO2018092886A1 (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-24 | 三井化学株式会社 | Piezoelectric base material, sensor, actuator, biological information acquisition device, and piezoelectric fiber structure |
| JP7028118B2 (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2022-03-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle control device |
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- 2022-06-01 WO PCT/JP2022/022354 patent/WO2022255412A1/en active Application Filing
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